Desfado» Ana Moura Vocals Ângelo Freire Portuguese Guitar Pedro Soares Acoustic Guitar André Moreira Acoustic Bass João Go

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Desfado» Ana Moura Vocals Ângelo Freire Portuguese Guitar Pedro Soares Acoustic Guitar André Moreira Acoustic Bass João Go Autour du monde Samedi / Samstag / Saturday 11.10.2014 20:00 Grand Auditorium «Desfado» Ana Moura vocals Ângelo Freire Portuguese guitar Pedro Soares acoustic guitar André Moreira acoustic bass João Gomes keyboards Mário Costa drums, percussion Fado et desfado Ana Moura Coline Feler Le fado… Le fado, genre urbain, naît et grandit dans les bas-fonds de la Lisbonne des années 1820, parmi les voleurs et les prostituées. Ses racines sont, elles, controversées. Carlos Ramos (1907–1969) écrit et chante une Biografia do fado, dans laquelle le fado est présenté comme un homme ivre, un vagabond, de ceux qui «ja- mais n’ont connu leurs parents / Et qui ne sont pas sûrs de leur âge» et «plus voyou que le matelot / Des vieilles ruelles de l’Alfa- ma». Orphelin, le fado part en quête de ses origines et canaille, il s’en trouve de multiples! La légende raconte que le fado serait le fils du vent. En 1578, le roi Dom Sebastião, dernier héritier légitime de la couronne, meurt lors de la défaite du Portugal au Maroc. On ne retrouve pas son corps sur le champ de bataille mais le sol reste couvert de milliers de guitares. Le vent en fait vibrer les cordes dans le si- lence du désert africain et ramène cette musique de deuil au Por- tugal. D’autres supposent que ce sont les vieux chants de marins qu’on entendait dans le port de Lisbonne déjà au siècle des gran- des découvertes qui ont donné naissance au fado. Les vagues cla- potant contre les coques des navires lui auraient donné son ryth- me. Ou alors son plus vieil ancêtre serait-il le chant des trouba- dours? Ses mélismes (l’ornementation de la mélodie) viendraient- ils des accents de la musique maure qui résonnait dans le quartier de la Mouraria et son rythme, du Brésil? 2 Ana Moura (photo: Isabel Pinto) L’hypothèse d’une source afro-brésilienne reste la plus proba- ble et la plus documentée. Des témoignages de voyageurs eu- ropéens du 18e siècle rapportent que l’on danse le fado à Rio et à Salvador. La présence de la célèbre chanson «Mãe preta (Barco Negro)» dans les répertoires brésilien et portugais converge vers cette théorie. Cette lamentation d’une nourrice noire obligée de délaisser son enfant pour bercer celui de son maître atteste éga- lement des origines populaires du genre. Cette musique et cette poésie sont celles du destin («fatum» en latin) du marin, du vaga- bond, de l’orphelin, de la chanteuse et même de la religieuse. Le fado se distingue pourtant du ‹destino›. Il exprime l’intériorité et la subjectivité de l’individu, celui qui chante, celui dont l’histoi- re est contée et celui qui écoute. Chacun a son fado. S’il célèbre Lisbonne, ses ruelles pavées et vertigineuses, ses re- coins sombres et la clarté du Tage, le fado n’en reste pas moins l’expression des tours et des détours de l’âme humaine doulou- reuse et nostalgique, reconnaissante envers la vie et désireuse de mort, amoureuse et haineuse, plaintive et dansante. Ainsi, dans sa singularité il s’adresse au monde, à tous, à nos contradictions. 3 … et le desfado Ana Moura rend hommage à cette ambivalence dans «Desfado», sur le texte de Pedro da Silva Martins (également auteur de «Não há só tangos em Paris» pour Cristina Branco) «Quer o destino que eu não creia no destino / E o meu fado é nem ter fado nenhum»: «Le des- tin [destino] veut que je ne crois pas au destin / Et mon fado [aussi destin] est de n’avoir aucun fado». Le poème est entière- ment construit sur ce jeu d’antinomies qui participe de l’essence même du fado. Ana Moura interroge le fado, ‹son› fado, dans un texte et sur une mélodie qui émanent de la tradition. Au som- met de sa carrière, elle ose être et ne pas être ‹fadista›. Le «des-» de ‹desfado›, c’est celui qui déstructure la tradition et qui «[signi- fie] qu’il ne s’agit pas de fado pur» comme le déclare elle-même la chanteuse. Née en 1979 à Santarém, au Portugal, dans une famille pour qui le chant rythme les fêtes et termine les repas, c’est à six ans qu’Ana Moura entonne son premier fado, genre auquel elle s’identifie déjà. Pourtant, c’est avec un groupe de rock qu’elle se lancera comme chanteuse. Sa voix se prêtant particulièrement bien au genre, elle inclut du fado à son répertoire. Elle se spécia- lise après sa rencontre avec Maria da Fé, propriétaire de la mai- son de fado Senhor Vinho où elle est invitée à chanter. Mais elle s’échappe des maisons de fado de l’Alfama, vieux quartier de Lisbonne où l’on écoute hommes et femmes chanter et jouer le fado en buvant un verre de ‹ginga›, cet alcool de cerise si su- cré qu’il brûle doucement la gorge. Elle s’échappe et parcourt le monde, chante avec Mick Jagger en 2007, avec Prince en 2009, collabore avec Caetano Veloso et Herbie Hancock. Elle ren- contre des musiciens de divers horizons et souhaite mêler ces influences au son du fado. Ana Moura ajoute une contrebasse, un piano et une batterie, soit l’emblématique trio jazz, aux tra- ditionnelles guitares qui accompagnent les fadistas (la guitare acoustique aux cordes métalliques et la guitarra portugaise en forme de poire, proche de celle utilisée dans le choro brésilien). Elle rapproche deux cousins en teintant la modalité portugaise d’une harmonie aux couleurs du blues qui relie aussi les deux côtes de l’Atlantique et retrace une histoire de l’esclavage. 4 Ana Moura s’aventure également du côté de la folk et reprend «A case of you» de Joni Mitchell. Ce choix n’a rien d’un hasard, nombreux sont ceux et celles qui ont chanté ce titre – pratique- ment un standard –, notamment Cristina Branco en 2005 sur son disque «Ulisses» et Prince en 2002. De plus, l’album «Des- fado», enregistré à Los Angeles, est produit par Larry Klein, ex- mari de la chanteuse folk. Musicalement, «A case of you» n’a rien d’un fado et Ana Moura travaille ses inflexions pour en respecter la sobriété et le style original. L’exercice peut sembler périlleux mais la voix douce et grave de la fadista s’adapte parfaitement à ce registre. Le texte, lui, exploite certaines thématiques de la poé- sie lisboète: l’abnégation face à l’être aimé, l’abandon, le goût doux-amer de l’amour. Deux autres chansons en anglais ponctuent le nouveau réper- toire qu’élabore Ana Moura dans diverses collaborations, princi- palement avec des artistes étrangers à l’univers du fado: «Thank you» de l’américain David Poe et «Dream of fire», seul morceau écrit par la chanteuse. «Thank you» s’inscrit dans la continuité de «A case of you», folk romantique et douloureuse. Le cœur bri- sé, une femme remercie d’un ton âpre son bourreau de lui avoir donné l’opportunité d’aimer. Pour «Dream of fire», Ana Moura travaille avec Herbie Hancock, puis pour une reprise avec Prince. Il est à la fois surprenant et cohérent que l’unique titre compo- sé par la fadista elle-même soit en anglais. Elle abandonne sa langue maternelle, elle délaisse quelques instants la musique de son enfance pour se replonger dans un univers jazz-rock dans le- quel sa voix grave se fond sans peine. La plupart des textes restent tout de même en portugais. On y retrouve les grandes thématiques du fado. Ana Moura célèbre Lisbonne et le Tage dans un «Fado alado» («Fado ailé»), une bal- lade lente et sobre qui évoque la fameuse ‹saudade›, terme qu’on ne saurait traduire avec exactitude, elle est la nostalgie, la soli- tude, la distance, le manque, le désir et l’espoir incertain de re- trouver ce qu’on a perdu dans le voyage. Voyage qui, dans «Fado alado», devient l’allégorie de la mort. 5 Avec «Havemos de acordar» («Nous devons nous réveiller»), Ana Moura rend hommage au fado lui-même. Cette nécessité «d’in- venter un nouveau fado» pour «aller de ce fado à ton rêve, à mon rêve», elle la chante sur un balancement proche du jazz et l’enregistre avec Tim Ries, le saxophoniste des Rolling Stones, créant ainsi une sonorité complètement étrangère au genre. Cela peut sembler paradoxal, toutefois Ana Moura continue tout sim- plement dans la déstructuration du fado, dans la construction de son fado. En effet, il s’agit bien de revisiter, recréer quelque chose de neuf avec de l’ancien et non de détruire. «E tu gostavas de mim» («Et tu m’aimais») relie les univers. Le rythme rappelle le caractère dan- sant qu’a parfois le fado mais son tournoiement ternaire contre- dit la tradition de la simplicité du binaire. Le texte établit éga- lement un pont entre le thème éternel de l’amour – «tu m’ai- mais» – et une nouvelle thématique: une liste étourdissante d’in- ventions techniques, du moteur à la sonde envoyée sur Pluton. Cette chanson-passerelle renvoie au ‹fado macau›, style de «Se acaso um anjo viesse» («Si par hasard un ange est venu»), enlevé et dansant, à quatre temps et non plus à trois. La poésie redevient ici plus classique jusqu’à s’emparer des figures de l’ange et du Christ pour finir sur une association du chant et de la religion: «La foi n’a pas de mesure / Le fado n’a pas de raison / Toute vie qui est vécue / Donne plus de vie au cœur.» Trois autres chansons incarnent le fado d’avant le desfado: «Com a cabeça nas nuvens» («Avec la tête dans les nuages»), «O espelho de Alice» («Le miroir d’Alice» ou quand la folie du fado rejoint celle de l’œuvre de Lewis Caroll) et «A Fadista» («La fadiste») qui est sans doute la plus représentative du goût et du respect pour la tradition d’Ana Moura.
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