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Review CULTIVATION of the DAHLIA Revisión Bibliográfica El Cultivo De La Dalia Cultivos Tropicales, 2015, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 103-110 January-March ISSN print: 0258-5936 Ministry of Higher Education. Cuba ISSN online: 1819-4087 National Institute of Agricultural Sciences http://ediciones.inca.edu.cu Review CULTIVATION OF THE DAHLIA Revisión bibliográfica El cultivo de la Dalia Liudmila Jiménez Mariña) ABSTRACT. The production and marketing of flowers RESUMEN. La producción y comercialización de flores and ornamental plants has been booming in recent years. y plantas ornamentales ha tenido gran auge en los últimos In Cuba, the cultivation of the dahlia is characterized by años. En Cuba, el cultivo de la dalia se caracteriza por variety of color, beauty and easy propagation. The aim of variedad de color, belleza y fácil propagación. El objetivo de this work was to present the characteristics and qualities as este trabajo fue dar a conocer las características y cualidades a cut flower. Addressed in the parameters related to their como flor de corte. En el se abordan parámetros relacionados origin, economic importance, botanical description, cultural a su origen, importancia económica, descripción botánica, practices, propagation and potting. We conclude that the labores culturales, propagación y cultivo en maceta. Se dahlia is a crop with great potential in Cuban floriculture concluye que la dalia es un cultivo con gran potencial en as it presents perennial and bushy growth habit, with petals la floricultura cubana ya que presenta hábitos perennes y intense lilac and easily spreadable by cuttings. crecimiento arbustivo, con capítulos lila intenso y fácilmente propagable por esquejes. Key words: biotechnology methods, Palabras clave: métodos biotecnológicos, botanical description descripción botánica INTRODUCTION costs; however, those possibilities The expansion of a number of are not exploited, so there are types, colors and sizes provides Cut flowers are about half the no flowers with higher quality. a strong possibility to increase market for horticultural products, Production volume and quality this production, which also allows where developed countries has improved; thus, today there offering superior qualities for are great prospects for achieving consume more than 90 %. Many certain periods. quality and volume, ensuring a consumer countries do not have In Cuba, it is of great interest ideal climatic conditions for solid production to appropriately supply the international market of to initiate the formation of a producing cut flowers, so that fresh flowers as well as to guide collection of dahlias that allows flowers grow under protected the steps towards developing their studying and selecting types and environments, thus production seed production so far depending forms adapted to the ecological prices increase (1). on imports (2). conditions, consumption habits In Cuba, production levels The cultivation of dahlia and production needs; this work of cut flowers still remain very (Dahlia spp.) is limited to Nivea must be done considering the low, supply does not match variety, which has become the existing form in the country, with demand and climatic conditions allow to obtain flowers all the basic species together with the rose perennial habits and bushy growth, year round with low production (Rosa sp.), gladiolus (Gladiolus intense lilac chapters and easily grandiflorus) and gerbera (Gerbera spreadable by cuttings. jamesonii Bolus L.), to match Consequently, the objective Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias marketing requirements every of this paper is to present the "Jorge Dimitrov", km 16,5 carretera Manzanillo, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba, CP 85 100. season. Dahlia (Dahlia spp.) is characteristics and qualities of this ) [email protected] hardly known by consumers and crop as a cut flower. its production levels of cut flowers are low. 103 Cultivos Tropicales, 2015, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 103-110 January-March ORIGIN AND beautiful flowers abroad; besides, The flower is essentially used SIGNIFICANCE OF DAHLIA it is the unique plant that has the in floral arrangements for the largest number of varieties among gift market. At present, there Dahlia genus is made up by 35 all plant species and more than are 41 international associations wild species that are endemic from 50,000 has been registered in concerned with the cultivation and Mexico; only four of them have the Royal Horticultural Society of spreading of dahlia; among them constituted the genetic basis for England (4). are the National Dahlia Society the development of its cultivation. The Mexican Association of in the UK, the American Dahlia With the Spanish conquest, dahlia Dalia (AMD) has reported that the Society (ADS), other groups of New was successfully introduced to main growing states are Mexico Zealand in European countries, Europe, starting in 1818 the City, Puebla and Mexico State. France and Germany (6). breeding studies that led to create Since 2007, the National Day of In Venezuela, this plant has inflorescences with diverse shapes Dahlia is celebrated in Mexico each been cultivated for more than and colors. Since that time up to August 4th (6). 60 years, mainly in the Center- now, four species have controlled West region and its culture was floral horticulture: D. coccinea, WORLD PRODUCTION basically used as cut flowers for D. pinnata, D. merckii and D. commemorative wreaths; however, imperialis. The most widely known SITUATION OF DAHLIA at present, the demand for dahlias is D. pinnata, which is derived The international trade of (types: casual decorative, round from a fertile hybrid between D. cut flowers is worth about 11,000 and semi-cactus) has increased coccinea and D. sorensenii likely million Euros, which gives an idea to decorate gardens and parks (7). produced in Mexico about 500 of the economic importance of this In Cuba, the development of years ago (1). activityA. floriculture is related to the rise Dahlia is native from the clay- Concerning its bulb production, of sugar industry, as a result of siliceous highlands of Mexico, Holland takes the lead with 400 ha, introducing species and varieties although many species have followed by France and Chile with by settlers, ranchers and owners been found in South America and 40 ha and 7.3 ha respectivelyB. of mills, with the aim to brighten Central America (3). Taking into account its beauty, the environment surrounded by Different species of dahlia dahlia is such a flower that has cane sugar. By the middle of comprise several ranges of acquired a similar ornamental the nineteenth century arose variation, from those geographically importance to the Dutch tulip in in Havana the first commercial very restricted up to the ones that Europe. However, few people gardens, mainly devoted to grow appear in a wide range of variation, know it is from Mexico and it is not roses and ornamental plants. In between 200 m and more than really a flower but an inflorescence 1914, the first dahlia tubers were 500 m over sea level; and other (composed by two types of small introduced from the United States. cases, such as D. australis, which flowers), also its ancestors are still At present, the consumption of is distributed into geographically admired in Mexico City (1). flowers and ornamental plants isolated regions, comprising a In the decade of 1820-1830, has increased; however, this rate height range of 1500-2500 m over dahlias were in fashion and is still low, as only small areas are sea level (4). their prices rose considerably. devoted to this crop, mainly by C The name "Dahlia" was given Specialists cataloged them as small growers . by the botanist Andreas Dahl. a "decorative flower". Everyone Regarding the cultivation of dahlia (Dahlia spp.), so far, most In Belgium, the first ornamental wanted dahlias in their garden. studies has been related to the plants obtained had large, double So much successful it was (3) flowers, which quickly spread dynamics of biomass accumulation that it began to overshadow the and extraction of nitrogen, throughout the continent and were chrysanthemum (a favorite flower); phosphorus and potassium; preferred by the court of Queen thus, a series of exhibitions was assessment of postharvest flower Victoria (1). organized in parallel with the latter. conservation and behavior of Conversely, for two centuries postharvest flowers during shelf life. of cultivation, selection and hybridization have made it an CFernández, Alicia ; Marrero Virginia; A Claps, L. Perfil del mercado mundial de bulbos ornamental species that offers Salgado, Julia; Cruz, Mercedes; Igarza, A; para flor. [Informe preliminar]. UEM INTA, Hernández, Maria I; Calzada, V y Rajme, Yamir. greater diversity of sizes, shapes Santa Cruz, 2001. and colorful flowers (5). Recomendaciones técnicas para la producción B Traub Ramos, Alfonso y Vicuña Herrera, y comercialización de flores de corte. [Informe This cut flower has very Bárbara. Flores de cortes: nuevas oportunidades. final de proyecto]. Instituto de Investigaciones particular characteristics, so that Oficinas de estudios y políticas agrarias- Odepa. Hortícolas “Liliana Dimitrova”, La Habana. it has become into one of the most Ministerio de la Agricultura. Chile. 2012. 13 pp. 2008. 21 pp. 104 Cultivos Tropicales, 2015, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 103-110 January-March On the other hand, directed only to sunlight, but dense, ♦ Family: Asteraceae recommendations have been made with a large number of leaves (9). ♦ Sub-family: Asteroideae on N doses, N/K relationships Inflorescence is presented ♦ Tribe: Coriopsideae and its division, besides defining
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