DOCSLIB.ORG

2000 Report of the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation Year 2000 Reportof the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2000 Report of the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation Year 2000 Reportof the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation YEAR 2000 REPORTOF THE HARRY FRANK GUGGENHEIM FOUNDATION RESEARCH FOR UNDERSTANDING AND REDUCING VIOLENCE, AGGRESSION, AND DOMINANCE YEAR 2000 REPORT OF THE HARRY FRANK GUGGENHEIM FOUNDATION YEAR 2000 REPORTOF THE HARRY FRANK GUGGENHEIM FOUNDATION RESEARCH FOR UNDERSTANDING AND REDUCING VIOLENCE, AGGRESSION, AND DOMINANCE cover: The warrior Sindhu Ragini. 1680. CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 PRESIDENT’S STATEMENT 5 COMMON SENSE ABOUT VIOLENCE: WHY RESEARCH? 9 GRANTS AND DISSERTATION AWARDS 22 PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 26 HOW TO APPLY 35 RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS 42 DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AND STAFF 48 FINANCIAL DATA 55 FOREWORD Of utmost significance since our last report was the sale in 1998 of Daniel Island, which our founder and benefactor, Harry Frank Guggenheim, left to the foundation at his death in 1971. Located between the Cooper and Wando Rivers, which flow into the Charleston harbor, the 4,500-acre island is within the city limits and is to be developed by the buyer in tasteful fashion. Proceeds from the sale have strengthened our financial status and resulted in a more predictable source of funding for our grant program. We now expect to be capable of providing a minimum one-in-ten success ratio for applications, maintaining high standards yet giving promising proposals an appropriate opportunity. It is noteworthy that Jim Hester, our president, has now provided the foundation with extraordinary leadership for ten years. During his admin- istration the focus of our programming has sharpened, staff morale and performance have been unexcelled, and the stature of our endeavor, due to his high expectations, is recognized in the field. Our board has been strengthened immeasurably in recent years by the addition of Dana Draper, Howard Graves, Donald Hood, Lewis Lapham, Gillian Lindt, and Tania McCleery. Joan Van de Maele, Bill Baker, Donald Griffin, and William Westmoreland, I am delighted to report, have assumed the status of Lifetime Director, a position we reserve to honor directors retired from active service to the board. Sadly, I must report the deaths of George Fountaine, Harry Guggenheim's indispensable administrative assistant and foundation exec- utive director for 26 years, and Floyd Rafliff, who served with great dis- tinction as our president from 1983 to 1989. We are profoundly grateful for their dedicated and unstinting service to the foundation. Peter Lawson-Johnston Chairman of the Board 1 From the seemingly trivial scuffling of young boys to the gravely consequential use of high- technology weapons, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation considers all forms of aggression and violence to be within its purview. Images transmitted by “smart bomb” approaching target during 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia PRESIDENT’S STATEMENT The Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation makes grants to support research projects, primarily in the sciences and social sciences, that prom- ise to increase understanding of violence, aggression, and dominance and the problems these cause in the modern world. Our mission was defined by the founder, Harry Frank Guggenheim. Towards the end of his life and long career as a philanthropist supporting projects in aviation and rocketry, medicine, architecture, and the arts, Mr. Guggenheim initiated discussions with friends and professional consultants about an appropriate and mean- ingful legacy, and when he died in 1971, leaving a substantial bequest to the foundation, grant-making had begun and a mission was in place that continues to guide our work. Mr. Guggenheim decided early on that his foundation would encour- age scholarship rather than support direct responses to social problems, noting that creative research in other fields had dramatically changed the way we live, such as advances in medicine, agriculture, transportation, and industry. Professor Paul Fitts, an early advisor, wrote to him, "The suc- cesses that man has achieved in other scientific areas offer hope...that he can look forward to comparable successes in social and behavioral science." (Had this exchange happened today we are sure these gentlemen would have acknowledged the contribution of women to these labors of men, and we understand a spirit of inclusiveness in their deliberations that their lan- guage may not appear to match.) Likewise, our specific interests and research priorities have varied over the years as particular scholarly directions have appeared to be more fruit- ful than others and as particular problems relating to violence have engaged our attention and the world's; but our grant-making continues to respond to Mr. Guggenheim's challenge: "Undoubtedly the improvement of man's relation to man will require much original thought and many years of research. I believe that is a job which deserves support." Professor Fitts advised him that such a program requires coordinated, sustained sup- port for research efforts, and "continuing interaction, intellectual criticism, cross-disciplinary stimulation and exchange of ideas between empirical sci- entists, theorists, and informed laymen." This report describes how we have pursued these goals in the period 1996-1999. We still rely on our grantees and other scholars working in the areas in which we fund for advice in determining future directions. Some of 3 them replied to a question we posed to them in 1998: "Where is the great- est weakness in the scholarly community's understanding of violence and aggression?" One respondent argued against a premature press for practi- cal policy remedies at the expense of understanding the diversity of types, origins, and meanings of violence and the long-term accumulation of knowledge. Another suggested that priority is often given to the search for causes of violence at the neglect of its contexts, and another urged a better integration of individual aspects of violence with the social contexts in which it appears. A focus on illegal acts by individuals, another claimed, prevents scholars from seeing symbolic and structural violence in everyday life and acknowledging types of violence that are socially permitted. Similar concerns were repeated in response to our question, "What is the most serious omission in undergraduate education regarding violence and aggression?" Students, they said, learn about contemporary acts of violence in their own countries but are ignorant of history and other cul- tures. They are taught to think of violence as deviance, not part of "the normative fabric of social life," as one respondent put it. Several scholars urged that students be encouraged to consider the "violence within them- selves," meaning behaviors they may take for granted as well as violence they have experienced, and one suggested that privileged college students might have a "blind spot" when it comes to a true understanding of vio- lence in the lives of people less privileged. Another respondent suggested clarifying the distinction between aggression as a biologically grounded behavior and violence as a social construction while teaching about both domains. This would distinguish, for example, between angry retaliation and imprisonment as a social system. Many people referred to a failure of integration of knowledge across disciplines. These responses were helpful as we pursued one of our special projects, the development of an intro- ductory curriculum for violence studies (see p. XX for more about that), and have also provided food for our ongoing thoughts about where origi- nal thinking is to be discovered and how we should conceive of priorities to guide our grant-making decisions. The foundation encourages the study of urgent problems of violence and aggression in the modern world by anthropologists, criminologists, psychologists, and sociologists but also supports related research projects in neuroscience, genetics, animal behavior, and history that illuminate mod- ern human problems. Grants have been given to study aspects of violence related to youth, family relationships, crime, biology, group conflict, polit- ical violence in war and terrorism, as well as peace and the control of 4 aggression. Problems related to violence and aggression are prominent among issues mentioned by policymakers and the public as the most important challenges to civil life today. Less agreement pertains when discussion turns to "solutions" to these problems. Harry Guggenheim was convinced that effective policy actions must rest on a firmer body of knowledge about the problems involved, and that new, original ideas about interventions will only come from an informed, objective consideration of violence and aggression as they affect human relationships and organizations. Our grants give scholars the support they need to experiment with ideas, collect data, or study historical records first-hand, and to think about what they learn. We expect that a sustained program of support over many years will yield understandings on which wise public policy and private decision- making can be based. The foundation is fortunate in the quality of its two program officers. Our senior program officer, Karen Colvard, has served the foundation since 1978 and has become extremely well informed on issues in violence research and scholars who study them. She is frequently consulted on mat- ters of public policy. She is largely responsible for the contents of this report. She is ably assisted by program officer Joel Wallman, who joined us in 1991, and who is also highly knowledgeable about research on vio- lence. His contribution to this report includes the provocative essay, "Common Sense about Violence." It is a great pleasure for me to work with two such able scholars in the fulfilment of the foundation's mission. James M. Hester President 5 Common Sense about Violence: Why Research? Joel Wallman One of the fringe benefits of working at the hfg is that people one meets from outside of the “violence world” find it interesting to learn of a foundation dedicated exclusively to research on violence and aggression and often are mildly envious of what sounds like—and is—a fascinating job. Some, however, are less curious about the work of the foundation than they are surprised at the notion that human violence really warrants scholarly research.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'Deprived of Their Liberty'
    'DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY': ENEMY PRISONERS AND THE CULTURE OF WAR IN REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA, 1775-1783 by Trenton Cole Jones A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2014 © 2014 Trenton Cole Jones All Rights Reserved Abstract Deprived of Their Liberty explores Americans' changing conceptions of legitimate wartime violence by analyzing how the revolutionaries treated their captured enemies, and by asking what their treatment can tell us about the American Revolution more broadly. I suggest that at the commencement of conflict, the revolutionary leadership sought to contain the violence of war according to the prevailing customs of warfare in Europe. These rules of war—or to phrase it differently, the cultural norms of war— emphasized restricting the violence of war to the battlefield and treating enemy prisoners humanely. Only six years later, however, captured British soldiers and seamen, as well as civilian loyalists, languished on board noisome prison ships in Massachusetts and New York, in the lead mines of Connecticut, the jails of Pennsylvania, and the camps of Virginia and Maryland, where they were deprived of their liberty and often their lives by the very government purporting to defend those inalienable rights. My dissertation explores this curious, and heretofore largely unrecognized, transformation in the revolutionaries' conduct of war by looking at the experience of captivity in American hands. Throughout the dissertation, I suggest three principal factors to account for the escalation of violence during the war. From the onset of hostilities, the revolutionaries encountered an obstinate enemy that denied them the status of legitimate combatants, labeling them as rebels and traitors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neurobehavioral Nature of Fishes and the Question of Awareness and Pain
    Reprinted with permission from CRC Press. 2000 NW Corporate Blvd. Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA Tel: 1(800)272-7737 http://www.crcpress.com 2.1. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 10(1): 1–38 (2002) The Neurobehavioral Nature of Fishes and the Question of Awareness and Pain James D. Rose Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 * Send correspondence to: Dr. James D. Rose, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071. e-mail: [email protected] 1064-1262 /02/$.50 ©2002 by CRC Press LLC ABSTRACT: This review examines the neurobehavioral nature of fishes and addresses the question of whether fishes are capable of experiencing pain and suffering. The detrimental effects of anthropomorphic thinking and the importance of an evolutionary perspective for understanding the neurobehavioral differences between fishes and humans are discussed. The differences in central nervous system structure that underlie basic neurobehavioral differences between fishes and humans are described. The literature on the neural basis of consciousness and of pain is reviewed, showing that: (1) behavioral responses to noxious stimuli are separate from the psychological experience of pain, (2) awareness of pain in humans depends on functions of specific regions of cerebral cortex, and (3) fishes lack these essential brain regions or any functional equivalent, making it untenable that they can experience pain. Because the experience of fear, similar to pain, depends on cerebral cortical structures that are absent from fish brains, it is concluded that awareness of fear is impossible for fishes. Although it is implausible that fishes can experience pain or emotions, they display robust, nonconscious, neuroendocrine, and physiological stress responses to noxious stimuli.
    [Show full text]
  • Ansley Hamid, Ph.D
    Ansley Hamid, Ph.D ANSLEY HAMID 150 Joralemon Street, #6A Brooklyn, N.Y.11201. cell (347) 385-7490 email [email protected] EDUCATION 1980 Columbia University, Teachers College: Joint Program in Applied Anthropology and Education, Ph.D. (May) 1978 Columbia University, Teachers College: Joint Program in Applied Anthropology and Education, M.Phil. 1977 Columbia University, Teachers College: Joint Program in Applied Anthropology and Education, M.Ed. 1976 Columbia University, Teachers College: Joint Program in Applied Anthropology and Education, M.A. 1968 University of London, London School of Economics: B.A. (Honors) in Sociology 1963 St. Mary's College, Trinidad: Higher School Certificate (Cambridge) 1960 St. Mary's College, Trinidad: Senior School Certificate (Cambridge) 2009 University of Nebraska at Omaha, Nebraska: Center for Afghanistan Studies. Intensive training in Islamic Studies, Dari, Pashto, and Afghan history, society and culture from November 30 to December 18. ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH POSITIONS 1997-2011 Sixth Sense (Brooklyn and Manhattan) CEO: Southeast Asian religious art. Sept. 2010 The New School, Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts, Urban Studies: Adjunct Professor of Anthropology 2003 Columbia University, Teachers College, International and Transcultural Studies: Adjunct Professor of Anthropology. 1997-2003 City University of New York (CUNY), John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Anthropology: Professor on leave (retired 2003) 1 Ansley Hamid, Ph.D 1992-2997 City University of New York (CUNY), John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Anthropology: Associate Professor. 1987-1992 City University of New York (CUNY), John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Anthropology: Assistant Professor. 1985-1987 City University of New York (CUNY), John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Anthropology: Adj.Assistant Professor of Anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • GOOGLE LLC V. ORACLE AMERICA, INC
    (Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2020 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus GOOGLE LLC v. ORACLE AMERICA, INC. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT No. 18–956. Argued October 7, 2020—Decided April 5, 2021 Oracle America, Inc., owns a copyright in Java SE, a computer platform that uses the popular Java computer programming language. In 2005, Google acquired Android and sought to build a new software platform for mobile devices. To allow the millions of programmers familiar with the Java programming language to work with its new Android plat- form, Google copied roughly 11,500 lines of code from the Java SE pro- gram. The copied lines are part of a tool called an Application Pro- gramming Interface (API). An API allows programmers to call upon prewritten computing tasks for use in their own programs. Over the course of protracted litigation, the lower courts have considered (1) whether Java SE’s owner could copyright the copied lines from the API, and (2) if so, whether Google’s copying constituted a permissible “fair use” of that material freeing Google from copyright liability. In the proceedings below, the Federal Circuit held that the copied lines are copyrightable.
    [Show full text]
  • Declaration Under Section 4 (4) of the Telecommunication (Broadcasting and Cable) Services Interconnection (Addressable System) Regulation, 2017 (No
    Version 1.0/2019 Declaration Under Section 4 (4) of The Telecommunication (Broadcasting and Cable) Services Interconnection (Addressable System) Regulation, 2017 (No. 1 of 2017) 4(4)a: Target Market Distribution Network Location States/Parts of State covered as "Coverage Area" Bangalore Karnataka Bhopal Madhya Pradesh Delhi Delhi; Haryana; Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh Hyderabad Telangana Kolkata Odisha; West Bengal; Sikkim Mumbai Maharashtra 4(4)b: Total Channel carrying capacity Distribution Network Location Capacity in SD Terms Bangalore 506 Bhopal 358 Delhi 384 Hyderabad 456 Kolkata 472 Mumbai 447 Kindly Note: 1. Local Channels considered as 1 SD; 2. Consideration in SD Terms is clarified as 1 SD = 1 SD; 1 HD = 2 SD; 3. Number of channels will vary within the area serviced by a distribution network location depending upon available Bandwidth capacity. 4(4)c: List of channels available on network List attached below in Annexure I 4(4)d: Number of channels which signals of television channels have been requested by the distributor from broadcasters and the interconnection agreements signed Nil Page 1 of 37 Version 1.0/2019 4(4)e: Spare channels capacity available on the network for the purpose of carrying signals of television channels Distribution Network Location Spare Channel Capacity in SD Terms Bangalore Nil Bhopal Nil Delhi Nil Hyderabad Nil Kolkata Nil Mumbai Nil 4(4)f: List of channels, in chronological order, for which requests have been received from broadcasters for distribution of their channels, the interconnection agreements
    [Show full text]
  • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
    Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD.
    [Show full text]
  • T H E G L O B a L I S S
    FALL 2017 MAGAZINE the GLOBAL issue ON THE COVER Her Doorway. Photo by Emma Wellman ’19 While visiting a kasbah in Marrakech to study intricate tiles and painted designs on wood during the French Language and Culture in Morocco Interim, Wellman photographed her classmate Anna Lutz ’18 in the doorway. The door and Anna’s hat and scarf, purchased in the Fez medina, exemplify the bright colors that weave their way through every [Moroccan] city,” says Wellman. “Morocco is diverse, unified, colorful, and beautiful.” ST. OLAF MAGAZINE FALL 2017 · VOLUME 64 · NO. 3 EDITOR Carole Leigh Engblom ART DIRECTOR Don Bratland ’87 26 COPY EDITOR Laura Hamilton Waxman CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Gaju Aline ’19, Renata Erickson ’19, Sarah Gruidl ’17, Joel Hoekstra ’92, Marla Hill Holt ’88, Erin Peterson, Jeff Sauve CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS Anne Christianson ’07, Mac Gimse ’58, Tom Roster, Anne Ryan/Polaris, Fernando Sevilla Readers may send name/address changes and corrections to: Advancement Services, St. Olaf College, 1520 St. Olaf Ave., Northfield, MN 55057; email [email protected] or call 507-786-3330 Class Notes and Milestones Submission Deadlines: Spring issue: Feb. 1; Fall issue: June 1; Winter issue: Oct. 1. Contact the Office of Alumni and Parent Relations, 507-786-3028 or 888-865-6537; email [email protected]; update online at stolaf.edu/alumni/share-your-news St. Olaf Magazine is published three times annually (Winter, Spring, Fall) by St. Olaf College, with editorial offices at the Office of Marketing and Communications; email: [email protected] 34 stolaf.edu 6 facebook.com/stolafcollege twitter.com/StOlaf instagram.com/stolafcollege youtube.com/user/stolaf · CHENNAI, INDIA · ALEXANDRA MADSEN ’18 MADSEN ALEXANDRA · INDIA CHENNAI, · THE SARI MAKER SARI THE MAGAZINE FALL 2017 2 Letter to Oles From President David R.
    [Show full text]
  • APNA CHOICE HINDI 225 225 ### (Pay Channels + Delhi FTA)
    A DELHI / HARYANA /UTTAR PRADESH HATHWAY RECOMMENDED PACK DRP ₹ a (Excluding Tax) APNA CHOICE HINDI 225 225 ### (Pay Channels + Delhi FTA) SD 53 PAY CHANNELS HD 0 TOTAL: 53 LANGUAGE ~ GENRE CHANNEL NAME(S) CHANNEL TYPE ASSAMESE NEWS NEWS18 ASSAM/NE SD ENGLISH MUSIC VH1 SD ENGLISH NEWS CNBC TV18 SD CNN NEWS18 SD ET NOW SD INDIA TODAY SD MIRROR NOW SD NDTV 24X7 SD NDTV PROFIT SD TIMES NOW SD HINDI GEC COLORS SD COLORS RISHTEY SD SONY SD SONY PAL SD SONY SAB SD STAR BHARAT SD STAR PLUS SD STAR UTSAV SD ZOOM SD HINDI MOVIE COLORS CINEPLEX SD MOVIES OK SD SONY MAX SD SONY MAX 2 SD SONY WAH SD STAR GOLD SD STAR UTSAV MOVIES SD HINDI MUSIC MTV SD MTV BEATS SD SONY MIX SD HINDI NEWS AAJ TAK SD CNBC AWAAZ SD NDTV INDIA SD NEWS18 BR/JH SD NEWS18 INDIA SD NEWS18 MPCG SD NEWS18 RAJASTHAN SD NEWS18 UP/UK SD TEZ SD INFOTAINMENT FYI TV18 SD Page 1 of 186 HISTORY TV18 SD NAT GEO WILD SD NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SD NDTV GOODTIMES SD KIDS NICK SD NICK JR SD SONIC SD SONY YAY SD PUNJABI NEWS NEWS18 PB/HR/HP SD SPORTS STAR SPORTS 1 HINDI SD STAR SPORTS 2 SD STAR SPORTS 3 SD STAR SPORTS FIRST SD URDU NEWS NEWS18 URDU SD HATHWAY RECOMMENDED PACK DRP ₹ a (Excluding Tax) APNA CHOICE HINDI 275 275 ### (Pay Channels + Delhi FTA) SD 85 PAY CHANNELS HD 0 TOTAL: 85 LANGUAGE ~ GENRE CHANNEL NAME(S) CHANNEL TYPE ASSAMESE NEWS NEWS18 ASSAM/NE SD BHOJPURI GEC BIG GANGA SD ENGLISH MUSIC VH1 SD ENGLISH NEWS BBC WORLD NEWS SD CNBC TV18 SD CNN NEWS18 SD ET NOW SD INDIA TODAY SD MIRROR NOW SD NDTV 24X7 SD NDTV PROFIT SD TIMES NOW SD GUJARATI NEWS ZEE 24 KALAK SD HINDI GEC &TV
    [Show full text]
  • The Aesthetic Mind This Page Intentionally Left Blank the Aesthetic Mind Philosophy and Psychology
    The Aesthetic Mind This page intentionally left blank The Aesthetic Mind Philosophy and Psychology EDITED BY Elisabeth Schellekens and Peter Goldie 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX26DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # the several contributors 2011 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by MPG Books Group, Bodmin and King’s Lynn ISBN 978–0–19–969151–7 13579108642 Contents List of Figures viii Notes on Contributors ix Introduction 1 Elisabeth Schellekens and Peter Goldie Part I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cognitive Animal Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition
    This PDF includes a chapter from the following book: The Cognitive Animal Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition © 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology License Terms: Made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ OA Funding Provided By: The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia—a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin. The title-level DOI for this work is: doi:10.7551/mitpress/1885.001.0001 Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/chapter-pdf/677472/9780262268028_f000000.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Introduction There are as many approaches to studying ani- and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and mal cognition as there are definitions of cogni- Animals (1872). Consequently, both disciplines tion itself. This diversity is reflected in the essays are almost inextricably linked to the concept of that follow, to a degree that we believe is un- instinct. Darwin viewed instinct primarily in be- paralleled in any other volume that has been havioral terms and considered his ability to ex- produced on this subject. This diversity is philo- plain instinct through natural selection to be one sophical and methodological, with contributors of the most critical tests of his theories. Thus he demonstrating various degrees of acceptance or compared closely related species of bees to ex- disdain for terms such as ‘‘consciousness’’ and plain the evolution of hive building and closely various degrees of concern for the rigors of lab- related species of ants to explain the origins of oratory experimentation versus the validity of slave making.
    [Show full text]
  • Donald Griffin Was Able to Affect a Major Revolution in What Scien- Tists Do and Think About the Cognition of Nonhuman Ani- Mals
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES DONALD R. GRIFFIN 1915– 2003 A Biographical Memoir by CHARLES G. GROSS Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs, VOLUME 86 PUBLISHED 2005 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. DONALD R. GRIFFIN August 3, 1915–November 7, 2003 BY CHARLES G. GROSS OST SCIENTISTS SEEK—but never attain—two goals. The M first is to discover something so new as to have been previously inconceivable. The second is to radically change the way the natural world is viewed. Don Griffin did both. He discovered (with Robert Galambos) a new and unique sensory world, echolocation, in which bats can perceive their surroundings by listening to echoes of ultrasonic sounds that they produce. In addition, he brought the study of animal consciousness back from the limbo of forbidden topics to make it a central subject in the contemporary study of brain and behavior. EARLY YEARS Donald R. (Redfield) Griffin was born in Southampton, New York, but spent his early childhood in an eighteenth- century farmhouse in a rural area near Scarsdale, New York. His father, Henry Farrand Griffin, was a serious amateur historian and novelist, who worked as a reporter and in advertising before retiring early to pursue his literary inter- ests. His mother, Mary Whitney Redfield, read to him so much that his father feared for his ability to learn to read. His favorite books were Ernest Thompson Seton’s animal 3 4 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS stories and the National Geographic Magazine’s Mammals of North America.
    [Show full text]
  • A Toolkit to Develop a Virtual Dementia Friendly Community
    An Australian Government Initiative Government An Australian Friendly Community Friendly a Virtual Dementia A Toolkit to develop develop to A Toolkit Verily Connect | An Australian Government Initiative A Toolkit to develop a Virtual Dementia Friendly Community Authors Blackberry, I., Wilding, C., Morgan, D., Winbolt, M., Greenhill, J., Perkins, D., O’Connell, M., Bauer, M., Morley, C., Farmer, J., Royals, K., Rasekaba, T., Hamiduzzaman, M., Gottschall, K., Robinson, A., Zaplin, E., & Davis, H. Year February 2020 Recommended citation Blackberry, I., Wilding, C., Morgan, D., Winbolt, M., Greenhill, J., Perkins, D., O’Connell, M., Bauer, M., Morley, C., Farmer, J., Royals, K., Rasekaba, T., Hamiduzzaman, M., Gottschall, K., Robinson, A., Zaplin, E., & Davis, H. 2020. Verily Connect Toolkit: how to develop a Virtual Dementia-Friendly Community. John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe University, Wodonga. Disclaimer The information set out in this toolkit is current at the date of this publication and is intended for use as a guide of a general nature only and may or may not be relevant to people living with dementia or their carers. Nor is this toolkit exhaustive of the subject matter. Persons implementing any advice contained in this toolkit must exercise their own skill, judgement and seek appropriate professional advice relevant to the matter. Accordingly, The John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe University and its employees and agents shall accept no liability (including without limitation liability by reason of negligence) to any users of the information contained in this toolkit for any loss or damage (consequential or otherwise), cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any person using or relying on the information contained in this toolkit and whether caused by reason of any error, negligent act, omission or misrepresentation in the information.
    [Show full text]