DOCSLIB.ORG

The Rgrr Revolution and the Common Man

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Rgrr Revolution and the Common Man IRF_ THE IgII REVOLUTION AND THE COMMON MAN r5 I Moving the Revolution Beyond Politics: the rgrr Revolution and the Common Man On the evening of the thirteenth day of the eleventh month of the Xinhai year, r January r9rz, SunYatsen, newly elected president of the Repub- lic of China, stepped down on to the platform of Nanjing Station to greet the assembled dignitaries. Then, in a change to earlier plans, he continued directly by train to the branch station near the government buildings. It was already late and he was determined to take office that evening. The thousands of troops who had gathered to welcome him marched back to their barracks through the dark and drizzling rain, along narrow streets hung with flags and lanterns and packed with onlookers who had gathered to see the president. Bypassing the silent Flc. r. The western-style crowds, Sun and his party arrived at the huge government compound pavilion in which Sun that had previously been the offices of the imperial regional adminis- Yatsen's inauguration place tration. There they were welcomed by a select band of national and took provincial leaders who had gathered to attend the formal inauguration Sozrce: Photograph, 1994. of the new president. Once inside the compound the party moved away from the main the world and promote world peace. A representative of the armed administrative buildings, through the gardens to a recently constructed forces made a speech, to which Sun replied, and the ceremony ended gun Western-style pavilion (Fig. r). The room where the ceremony was to with shouts of 'Long live China's republic!', applause, music and a take place was full of men dressed for the most part in frock-coats and salute.l top hats or military uniforms, their hair cropped in the Vestern style. Many years later one of the provincial representatives recalled how Those present included representatives from each of the provinces that after the ceremony it was so late that a group of the representatives had joined the revolution, plus officers from the revolutionary armies. could not find any transport and had to walk back to their lodgings. As The ceremony began with a short speech by one of the represenratives they walked through the deserted streets one of their number pointed of the provinces, welcoming Sun's election and inviting him to swear out what a momentous occasion this was and they shouted and danced the oath of office. Sun raised his left hand and swore to overthrow the in the streets) so that the sleeping people were woken and, wrapping dreaming Qing empire, consolidate the new republic and work for the prosperity their clothes around them, peered out of their doors, never of the country. The representative continued with a formal eulogy of that these raucous young men were representatives of the highest body Sun which referred to the invasion of the country by Manchu tribes- in the land.2 Young dancing alone in the deserted streets: written men almost 3oo years earlier, the egalitarian political systems of France revolutionaries and America, and the need to restore China, fix a new calendar and in the People's Republic of China in the r96os these memoirs pick on create racial equality. He ended by warning the new president against a vivid image of the rgrr revolution as an elite event almost entirely trying to usurp the throne. Sun then sealed his manifesto which was divorced from the masses of the population. The British consul put read aloud, declaring his intention to unite the country politically, finan- forward a similar view in his report to the ambassador where he dis- cially and militarily under a republican government, and thus raise misses the crowds that had gathered to welcome Sun and says that the China to its rightful position of equality with the civilized countries of inauguration ceremonies IFF- 16 THE rgrr REVOLUTTON AND THE COMMON MAN THE rgrr REVOLUTION AND THE COMMON MAN r7 \fere arranged by the military authorities, the people of Nanking who, as I have stood to attention, their guns raised. Li and the officers took off their mentioned before, are anything but satisfied with their experience up to date hats, prostrated themselves and kowtowed four times' while a prayer government, of revolutionary taking no part, nor apparently any interest, was read that told of the persecution of the Han by the Manchus and therein. l called on theYellow Emperor to assist the participants in the establish- ment of a republic. Li then poured a libation and the soldiers lowered That this is correct is a precept of Chinese Marxist historiography which their guns. Standing in front of the altar he swore an oath to kill his classifies the events of rgrr as a bourgeois revolution.While theWestern enemies, restore China's ancient ways and establish a republic. Finally secondary literature has tended to place less emphasis on the role of the soldiers raised their guns and shouted'TenThousandYears!'three the bourgeoisie as such it has gone along with the idea that the revolu- times and the ceremony was over.5 tion was an elite affair. But just how true is it? \7hen six months later Yuan Shikai took office as provisional presi- dent of the Republic of China, the Qing had fallen, and attention was focused on giving the state legitimacy as a modern nation state. Where An Elite Affair? the inauguration was to take place was a matter of hot debate in the It is certainly true that the ceremony of Sun Yatsen's inauguration was newspapers and serious negotiations between the major political organized and performed by members of the political elite, as one would players. Eventually a military mutiny gave Yuan the excuse he needed expect for such an occasion. Moreover it aimed at presenting a new to remain in Beijing, rather than travelling to Nanjing, so the ceremony image of China as a modern state, an image drawn fromWestern norms. took place in Beijing, with SunYatsen sending an envoy.The ceremony The ceremony was performed on a dare that was significant in the solar was held in the Foreign Ministry and about a hundred people attended. calendar and not in the traditional lunar calendar. The parricipants wore Apart from the Nanjing delegation, participants included representa- frock-coats and had short hair; Sun raised his left hand as he swore, tives sent by Li Yuanhong and the provincial military governors, civil a gesture that recalls the inauguration of an American president; and servants from the Beijing government, military officers of both the indeed the whole structure of the event is clearly modelled on cere- regular army and the Qing banner troops, police chiefs, local officials, monies for the inauguration of the president in foreign countries with one member of the gentry from each province, two members each of republican traditions, rather than on Chinese precedents.a However, the Manchu, Mongol, Muslim and Tibetan gentry' and two members Sun Yatsen was not the only leader of the new republic to be inaugu- of the General Chamber of Commerce. All the foreign consuls had been rated in that first year of the revolution. The occasions on which Li invited, but the diplomatic community did not attend. This hesitancy Yuanhong andYuan Shikai first assumed the formal trappings of power was ignored by the Chinese newspapers whose reporters observed the initially seem to provide a contrast to the images presented by Sun presence of some foreign journalists and reported confidently that the Yatsen and his entourage. Each of these ceremonies reflects the politi- British and American ambassadors had been present. Most of those cal situation in which it took place. attending wore frock-coats or uniform, but touches of interest were pro- LiYuanhong made a major sacrifice to Heaven, Earth and theYellow vided by two lamas in yellow robes, officers wearing the colourful old- Emperor just one week after the start of the Wuchang Uprising. This style military uniform and a group of staff from the Justice Ministry all was the first occasion on which a claim was made for the national legiti- of whom still wore their queues. macy of the revolutionary government. A wide earthen platform was When everyone was present Yuan entered from a side door, bowed constructed on the military parade ground near the government offices. to the participants and read his oath. The ceremony focused on him Before it was a fire for the sacrificial offerings, on it an altar for incense, personally, but he lacked Sun's personal charisma, and while the formal wine and an ox) which were to be offered according to the traditional newspaper accounts note simply that he looked'sturdy', G. E. Morri- procedures. Below the platform stood the whole army in formation. A son who was present as the correspondent of the London Times corn- band played the first verse of a military anthem. Li, dressed in military ments cruelly thatYuan'came in wobbling like a duck, looking fat and uniform, led his generals and commanding officers on to the platform. unhealthy, in Marshal's uniform, the loose flesh of his neck hanging He went to the altar and offered the incense, ox and wine, then returned down over his collar'.6 The oath he swore was brief and quite unlike the to his place and knelt, as did all his officers, while the soldiers below oaths sworn earlier by Li Yuanhong and Sun Yatsen. It omitted all r8 THE rgrr REVoLUTToN AND THE COMMON MAN THE IgII REVOLUTION AND THE COMMON MAN 19 reference to the Manchu oppression of the Han or to supernatural them for a new context.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Manchus: a Horse of a Different Color
    History in the Making Volume 8 Article 7 January 2015 Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color Hannah Knight CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the Asian History Commons Recommended Citation Knight, Hannah (2015) "Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color," History in the Making: Vol. 8 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol8/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color by Hannah Knight Abstract: The question of identity has been one of the biggest questions addressed to humanity. Whether in terms of a country, a group or an individual, the exact definition is almost as difficult to answer as to what constitutes a group. The Manchus, an ethnic group in China, also faced this dilemma. It was an issue that lasted throughout their entire time as rulers of the Qing Dynasty (1644- 1911) and thereafter. Though the guidelines and group characteristics changed throughout that period one aspect remained clear: they did not sinicize with the Chinese Culture. At the beginning of their rule, the Manchus implemented changes that would transform the appearance of China, bringing it closer to the identity that the world recognizes today. In the course of examining three time periods, 1644, 1911, and the 1930’s, this paper looks at the significant events of the period, the changing aspects, and the Manchus and the Qing Imperial Court’s relations with their greater Han Chinese subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory Pictures in a Time of Defeat: Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901
    Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory pictures in a time of defeat: depicting war in the print and visual culture of late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18449 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. VICTORY PICTURES IN A TIME OF DEFEAT Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884-1901 Yin Hwang Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the History of Art 2014 Department of the History of Art and Archaeology School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 2 Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person.
    [Show full text]
  • The End of the Queue: Hair As Symbol in Chinese History Michael Godley
    East Asian History NUMBER 8 . DECEMBER 1994 THE CONTINUATION OF Paperson Far EasternHistory Institute of Advanced Studies Australian National University Editor Geremie R. Barme Assistant Editor Helen Lo Editorial Board John Clark Mark Elvin (Convenor) Helen Hardacre John Fincher Andrew Fraser Colin Jeffcott W. J. F. Jenner Lo Hui-min Gavan McCormack David Marr Tessa Morris-Suzuki Michael Underdown Business Manager Marion Weeks Production Helen Lo Design Maureen MacKenzie (Em Squared Typographic Design), Helen Lo Printed by Goanna Print, Fyshwick, ACT This is the eighth issue of East Asian History in the series previously entitled Papers on Far Eastern History. The journal is published twice a year. Contributions to The Editor, East Asian History Division of Pacific & Asian History, Research School of Pacific & Asian Studies Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Phone +61 62493140 Fax +61 62495525 Subscription Enquiries Subscription Manager, East Asian History, at the above address Annual Subscription Australia A$45 Overseas US$45 (for two issues) iii CONTENTS 1 Mid-Ch'ing New Text (Chin-wen) Classical Learning and its Han Provenance: the Dynamics of a Tradition of Ideas On-cho Ng 33 From Myth to Reality: Chinese Courtesans in Late-Qing Shanghai Christian Henriot 53 The End of the Queue: Hair as Symbol in Chinese History Michael Godley 73 Broken Journey: Nhfti Linh's "Going to France" Greg and Monique Lockhart 135 Chinese Masculinity: Theorising' Wen' and' Wu ' Kam Louie and Louise Edwards iv Cover calligraphy Yan Zhenqing �JU!iUruJ, Tang calligrapher and statesman Cover picture The walled city of Shanghai (Shanghai xianzhi, 1872) THE END OF THE QUEUE: HAIR AS SYMBOL IN CHINESE HISTORY ..J1! Michael R.
    [Show full text]
  • Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907)
    Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907) BuYun Chen Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 BuYun Chen All rights reserved ABSTRACT Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907) BuYun Chen During the Tang dynasty, an increased capacity for change created a new value system predicated on the accumulation of wealth and the obsolescence of things that is best understood as fashion. Increased wealth among Tang elites was paralleled by a greater investment in clothes, which imbued clothes with new meaning. Intellectuals, who viewed heightened commercial activity and social mobility as symptomatic of an unstable society, found such profound changes in the vestimentary landscape unsettling. For them, a range of troubling developments, including crisis in the central government, deep suspicion of the newly empowered military and professional class, and anxiety about waste and obsolescence were all subsumed under the trope of fashionable dressing. The clamor of these intellectuals about the widespread desire to be “current” reveals the significant space fashion inhabited in the empire – a space that was repeatedly gendered female. This dissertation considers fashion as a system of social practices that is governed by material relations – a system that is also embroiled in the politics of the gendered self and the body. I demonstrate that this notion of fashion is the best way to understand the process through which competition for status and self-identification among elites gradually broke away from the imperial court and its system of official ranks.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Evaluating the Communist Guomindang Split of 1927
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School March 2019 Nationalism and the Communists: Re-Evaluating the Communist Guomindang Split of 1927 Ryan C. Ferro University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Scholar Commons Citation Ferro, Ryan C., "Nationalism and the Communists: Re-Evaluating the Communist Guomindang Split of 1927" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7785 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nationalism and the Communists: Re-Evaluating the Communist-Guomindang Split of 1927 by Ryan C. Ferro A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Co-MaJor Professor: Golfo Alexopoulos, Ph.D. Co-MaJor Professor: Kees Boterbloem, Ph.D. Iwa Nawrocki, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 8, 2019 Keywords: United Front, Modern China, Revolution, Mao, Jiang Copyright © 2019, Ryan C. Ferro i Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….…...ii Chapter One: Introduction…..…………...………………………………………………...……...1 1920s China-Historiographical Overview………………………………………...………5 China’s Long
    [Show full text]
  • Qinqiang Opera Drama Costume Connotation and Aesthetic
    2nd International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science (ETMHS 2016) Qinqiang opera drama costume connotation and aesthetic implication 1, a Yugang Chen 1Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330201 [email protected] Keywords: Qinqiang opera drama; Clothing; The cultural connotation Abstract. Qinqiang opera drama is one of the most exquisite stylized performance of traditional Chinese local operas. Qinqiang opera drama clothing, and other theatrical performances of traditional clothing similarity is exquisite and stylized, decorative effect as well as the audiences in the symbolization of abstract feelings, dramatic clothes in qinqiang opera drama very expressive aesthetics and art. Introduction Qinqiang opera drama as a traditional Chinese drama conductions, its dramatic clothes also represents the character appearance of traditional drama clothing, under the stylized costumes or wear shows of the respect and inheritance on traditional culture. Studies of qinqiang opera costume for one of the models, style characteristic, found that it contains the cultural connotation and aesthetic implication, the essence of traditional clothing, for the development of qinqiang opera drama has a positive and far-reaching significance. The formation of Qinqiang opera drama clothing Qin has been active in shanxi, gansu and the northwest region is the vast land of an ancient opera. The earliest qinqiang opera originated in shanxi guanzhong area, from the perspective of the change of type c, Qin Sheng, qin three stages. In the qianlong period reached for her best. From the point of geography, shanxi, gansu, ningxia, qinghai, xinjiang northwest five provinces close to geographical culture, so the ancient qin, with its wide sound big voice spoke quickly popular in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • 20 JOMSA Only Foreign Head of State to Receive the Award Was the Taisho Emperor of Japan
    (“Grand Merit Order”) instead of Da Bao Zhang (“Grand President Yuan on the anniversary of the Wuchang Precious Order”). Uprising but declined by Sun The sash for the sash badge (Figure 8) was Imperial • Li Yuanhong – awarded October 10, 1912 by President Yuan to Vice President Li on the anniversary of the yellow) and was worn over the left shoulder.21 The Wuchang Uprising insignia was to be worn on formal dress although it could also be worn with informal attire where required • The Taisho Emperor of Japan – awarded November for diplomacy.22 10, 1915 by President Yuan • Feng Guozhang (Figure 9) – awarded July 6, 1917 by President Li Yuanhong to Vice President Feng • Xu Shichang (Figure 10) – awarded October 10, 1918 by President Xu Shichang to himself on the anniversary of the Wuchang Uprising • Duan Qirui – awarded September 15, 1919 by President Xu Shichang to Premier Duan Qirui • Cao Kun (Figure 11)– awarded October 10, 1923 by President Cao Kun to himself on the anniversary of the Wuchang Uprising • Zhang Zuolin – awarded around 1927 by Zhang Zuolin to himself as Grand Marshal of China24 Seven were presidents (or equivalent, in the case of Zhang Zuolin). Notwithstanding the 1912 Decree, the Grand Order was also awarded to vice-presidents and premiers Figure 8: Illustration of the Republican Grand Order sash badge reverse with the name of the Order (Da Xun Zhang, 大勋章) in seal script. Compare the characters to that of the Imperial Grand Order in Figure 5 (www.gmic.co.uk). The regulations provided for the surrender or return of the insignia upon the death of the recipient, or upon conviction of criminal or other offences.23 Given the chaotic times of the early Republic, this did not necessarily occur in practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Beauty Trends 2015
    Beauty Trends 2015 HAIR CARE EDITION (U.S.) The image The image cannot be cannot be displayed. displayed. Your Your computer computer may not have may not have enough enough memory to memory to Intro open the open the With every query typed into a search bar, we are given a glimpse into user considerations or intentions. By compiling top searches, we are able to render a strong representation of the United States’ population and gain insight into this specific population’s behavior. In our Google Beauty Trends report, we are excited to bring forth the power of big data into the hands of the marketers, product developers, stylists, trendsetters and tastemakers. The goal of this report is to share useful data for planning purposes accompanied by curated styles of what we believe can make for impactful trends. We are proud to share this iteration and look forward to hearing back from you. Flynn Matthews | Principal Industry Analyst, Beauty Olivier Zimmer | Trends Data Scientist Yarden Horwitz | Trends Brand Strategist Photo Credit: Blind Barber (Men’s Hair), Meladee Shea Gammelseter (Women’s Hair), Andrea Grabher/Christian Anwander (Colored Hair), Catface Hair (Box & Twist Braids), Maria Valentino/MCV photo (Goddess Braid) Proprietary + Confidential Methodology QUERY To compile a list of accurate trends within the Jan-13 Aug-13 Jan-14 Aug-14 Jan-15 Aug-15 beauty industry, we pulled top volume queries related to the beauty category and looked at their monthly volume from January 2013 to August 2015. We first removed any seasonal effect, and DE-SEASONALIZED QUERY then measured the year-over-year growth, velocity, and acceleration for each search query.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 EDWARD A. MCCORD Professor
    EDWARD A. MCCORD Professor of History and International Affairs The George Washington University CONTACT INFORMATION Office: 1957 E Street, NW, Suite 503 Sigur Center for Asian Studies The George Washington University Washington, D.C. 20052 Phone: 202-994-5785 Fax: 202-994-6096 Home: 807 Philadelphia Ave. Silver Spring, MD 20910 Phone: 301-588-6948 Email: [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D. University of Michigan, History, 1985 M.A. University of Michigan, History, 1978 B.A. Summa Cum Laude, Marian College, History, 1973 OVERSEAS STUDY AND RESEARCH 1992-1993 Research, People's Republic of China Summer 1992 Inter-University Chinese Language Program, Taipei, Taiwan 1981-1983 Dissertation Research, People's Republic of China 1975-1977 Inter-University Chinese Language Program, Taipei, Taiwan ACADEMIC POSITIONS Professor of History and International Affairs, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University. July 2015 to present (Associatte Professor of History and International Affairs, September 1994 to July 2015). Director, Taiwan Education and Research Program, Sigur Center for Asian Studies, The George Washington University. May 2004 to present. Director, Sigur Center for Asian Studies, The George Washington University, August 2011 to June 2014. Deputy Chair, History Department, The George Washington University, July 2009 to August 2011. 1 Senior Associate Dean for Management and Planning, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University. July 2005 to August 2006. Associate Dean for Faculty and Student Affairs, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University. January 2004 to June 2005. Associate Director, Sigur Center for Asian Studies, The George Washington University. July-December 2003. Acting Dean, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University.
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
    11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • Hairstyles with Instructions and Pictures
    Hairstyles With Instructions And Pictures ProsecutableCommutable NielsOsborn never sometimes glove so filibuster unmanly his or tabbiescheckmates insuperably any peristerite and rethinks quarterly. so headfirst! Randal unionise hideously if wizened Aubert inculcating or rescues. Just pick the picture they like rape be ready to donate on will new stunning look. Braids twists and buns 20 easy DIY wedding hairstyles. 20 Simplest Ideas How it Cut Your liver Hair loss Home Hair. Cool variation on classic spikes this messy styles pulls spikes in all directions. The ability to communicate what king want and plant specific instructions. 25 Low Bun Hairstyles That You Can multiply Yourself. Get complete directions here neither can find silly and affordable scarves on eBay or in own local stores 3 Milkmaid Braid. 26 Incredible Hairstyles You country Learn In 10 Steps Or Less. We're willing to bet although there's only certain style you tick when curly hairstyles come time mind below we aware of curly hairstyles for tape hair. 22 Easy Kids Hairstyles Best Hairstyles for Kids. Below are various step just step instructions along water a short video that I borrow on YouTube that demonstrates a. Hair Terminology How to giving Your Barber Exactly which You. Short Hairstyles for Women Short Hair Styles Short Haircuts. Curling hair over chain is have great help and set good basis for various hairstyles. 44 Incredibly Chic Updo Ideas for Short Hair Byrdie. And a charm and hairstyles with and instructions pictures will all your loose strands short sides take them, creating simple steps, and see every section, dass dieses konto beiträge gefunden.
    [Show full text]
  • “Queue”: a Case of Chinese Scalping
    Migration, Masculinity, and Mastering the “Queue”: A Case of Chinese Scalping RACHEL K. BRIGHT Keele University N 1906 a South African newspaper, The Prince, published a picture of Ia Chinese man’s scalp, which it had bought from an ex-prisoner. According to the original newspaper account and the subsequent government investigation, staff and prisoners were scalping Chinese men in the morgue on demand since at least May 1906, and selling them to colonial officials.1 ‘Queues’ were also being taken from living Chinese prisoners.2 The one sold to the newspaper was traced back to the execution of two Chinese prisoners at Pretoria Jail. When exhumed, both had been scalped. Prisoner witnesses attested that the 1 The Prince, 29 September 1906, 1116 had a photograph of the scalp (the front page), and 1118–1119 the story. See also 22 September 1906; 13 October 1906, 1166; Truth (Western Australia [WA]), 27 October 1906, 7; South African National Archives, Transvaal Foreign Labour Department (FLD) 7/147/20/20. Conclusions from Affidavits taken in connection with statements in The Prince regarding removal of a Chinaman’s Scalp; FLD7/ 147/20/20, Frank Oldrich Wheeler’s statement; FLD7/147/20/20, Alfred W. Sanders, District Surgeon, to Deputy Governor of Pretoria Prison, 9 October 1906; FLD7/147/20/20, Secretary, Law Department to Private Secretary, Acting Lieutenant-Governor, 16 November 1906; Warder Kidby’s statement; C. J. Hanrette, Director of Prisons, to Secretary of Law Department, 10 October 1906; FLD7/147/20/20, Secretary, Law Department, to Private Secretary, Acting Lieutenant-Governor, 16 November 1906;C.
    [Show full text]