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Aircraft Emissions Inventory for Texas Statewide 2014 Aerr Inventory and 2008 Through 2040 Trend Analysis Years

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Aircraft Emissions Inventory for Texas Statewide 2014 Aerr Inventory and 2008 Through 2040 Trend Analysis Years APPENDIX F AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS INVENTORY FOR TEXAS STATEWIDE 2014 AERR INVENTORY AND 2008 THROUGH 2040 TREND ANALYSIS YEARS Dallas-Fort Worth Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan State Implementation Plan Revision for the One-Hour and 1997 Eight-Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards Project Number 2018-028-SIP-NR Aircraft Emissions Inventory for Texas Statewide 2014 AERR Inventory and 2008 to 2040 Trend Analysis Years Final-Revised Prepared for: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Air Quality Division Prepared by: Eastern Research Group, Inc. Completion Date: July 31, 2015 Revision Date: May 16, 2016 ERG No. 0345.00.002 AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS INVENTORY FOR TEXAS STATEWIDE 2014 AERR INVENTORY AND 2008 – 2040 TREND ANALYSIS YEARS TCEQ Contract No. 582-15-50416 Work Order No. 582-15-51606-03-FY2015-08 Prepared for: Anusuya Iyer Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Emissions Assessment Section P. O. Box 13087 Bldg. E, Room 341S Austin, TX Prepared by: Roger Chang Eastern Research Group, Inc. 1600 Perimeter Park Drive Suite 200 Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 Completion Date: July 31, 2015 Revision Date: May 16, 20161 1. Explanation of revisions are summarized in section 2.1 Revisions Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary ............................................................................................ 1-1 2.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Revisions ................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Purpose and Objectives ........................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Report Organization................................................................................ 2-2 2.4 Background ............................................................................................. 2-2 3.0 Data Sources of Texas Airport Activities Inventoried ....................................... 3-1 3.1 Local Data from Airports ........................................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Contacting Airports ...................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Summary of Local Data Received ................................................ 3-7 3.2 Publicly Available Data Sources of Texas Airport Activities ................ 3-13 3.2.1 T-100 Dataset ............................................................................. 3-13 3.2.2 TAF/ATADS Datasets ................................................................ 3-13 3.2.3 5010 Dataset ............................................................................... 3-14 4.0 Summary of 2014 Emissions Development and 2008 to 2040 Trend Factor Development ................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Emission Estimation Methodology ........................................................ 4-1 4.1.1 Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System............................... 4-1 4.1.2 Generic Emission Estimating Procedures ................................... 4-4 4.1.3 Emission Projection Procedures .................................................. 4-5 4.1.4 Summary of Texas Airport Emissions ......................................... 4-6 5.0 References ........................................................................................................... 5-1 Appendix A Communication Log – Comprehensive Log of Communication Between ERG and Each Airport .................................................................................................... 5-1 Appendix B Aircraft Specific Activity Data ................................................................... B-1 Appendix C 2014 T-100 Activity Dataset ...................................................................... C-1 Appendix D Generic Emission Factors (Tons Per LTO) ............................................... D-1 Appendix E 2014 County Level Criteria Emissions (Tons Per Year) ........................... E-1 Appendix F Comparison of Revised 2014 Emissions to Original 2014 Emissions by Total State Emissions and by SCC .......................................................................................... F-1 i List of Tables Table 1-1. 2014 Annual Landing and Takeoff (LTO) Summary by Data Source ............. 1-2 Table 3-1. Summary of Data Provided by Local Airports ................................................ 3-2 Table 3-2a. Operations Data: Submitted as Annual Totals ............................................. 3-7 Table 3-2b. LTO Data: Submitted as Annual Totals ........................................................ 3-7 Table 3-3. Operations Data: Submitted as Annual Totals by Generic Aircraft Type Categories ........................................................................................................................ 3-8 Table 3-4a. Denton Municipal Airport 2012 and 2014 Operations Data: Submitted as Monthly Totals by Generic Aircraft Type Categories ..................................................... 3-8 Table 3-4b. Mc Allen Miller International Airport 2014 Operations Data: Submitted as Monthly Totals .................................................................................................................3-9 Table 3-5. 2014 TGOs: Submitted by Specific Aircraft Type ...........................................3-9 Table 3-6. 2014 TGOs: Airport Submitted by Specific Aircraft Type ............................ 3-10 Table 3-7. Laredo International Airport LTOs: Commercial Aircraft Submitted by Specific Aircraft Type ..................................................................................................... 3-10 Table 3-8. Gate/GSE Electrification Percentages .......................................................... 3-11 Table 3-9. Taxi Times ..................................................................................................... 3-11 Table 3-10. 2008 AERR Inventory Locally Provided Taxi Times ................................. 3-12 Table 4-1. Emission Factors for Aircraft Types (pounds per LTO) ................................. 4-5 Table 4-3. Texas Criteria Emission Estimates for Trend Years 2008 to 2040 (Tons Per Year) ............................................................................................................................... 4-11 List of Figures Figure 2-1. Landing and Takeoff Cycle ........................................................................... 2-4 Figure 4-1. United States and World Airline Trends ...................................................... 4-8 Figure 4-2. Texas Criteria Emission Estimates for Trend Years 2008 to 2040 ........... 4-12 ii 1.0 Executive Summary The purpose of this study is to develop annual and summer week-day emission inventories for Texas airport emissions and activity data for calendar year 2014 and associated trend inventories for years 2008 to 2040. Eastern Research Group (ERG) developed emissions for criteria pollutants, precursor pollutants, and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) where appropriate data are available. The emissions associated with airport activities include: • Commercial aviation (SCC: 2275020000) • Air taxis — Piston driven (SCC: 2275060011) — Turbine driven (SCC: 2275060012) • General aviation — Piston driven (SCC: 2275050011) — Turbine driven (SCC: 2275050012) • Military (SCC: 2275001000) • Auxiliary Power Units (SCC: 2275070000) • Ground Support Equipment — Compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled (SCC: 2268008005) — Diesel-fueled (SCC: 2270008005) — Gasoline-fueled (SCC: 2265008005) — Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-fueled (SCC: 2267008005). To estimate emissions from these sources, ERG compiled and supplemented base year 2014 activity data provided by local airports with publicly available activity data. Two approaches were used to estimate emissions from the compiled activity data. ERG used the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) if the activity data were aircraft model-specific. If such detailed data were not available, then ERG applied a more general approach for different aircraft types (i.e., air taxis, general aviation, and military aircraft) using United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved generic emission estimating procedures. Additional information on methodology are included later in the document. Locally based activity and emissions were obtained, allowing for a more accurate and complete data set. Table 1-1 shows the percentage of activity data collected from local airports and the percentage of data supplemented using publicly available data. The data provided by local airports accounts for 54% of the activity for 2014. 1-1 Table 1-1. 2014 Annual Landing and Takeoff (LTO) Summary by Data Source Data Source LTOs Percentage Local-Airport-Provided Data 3,417,835 54% Publicly Available Data 2,953,340 46% Total 6,371,175 100% In 2014, general aviation aircraft outfitted with piston engines accounted for 43% of the total aircraft activities, including activity associated with auxiliary power units and ground support equipment. General aviation aircraft equipped with turbine engines, commercial aircraft, air taxis with turbine engines, military aircraft, and air taxis with piston engines account for 23%, 20%, 6%, 6%, and 1% of the total aircraft activities, respectively. 1-2 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Revisions Revisions to the inventory were completed in early 2016. Certain records
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