Attachment H Airport Emissions Inventories for Houston-Galveston
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ATTACHMENT H AIRPORT EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR HOUSTON-GALVESTON-BRAZORIA AND DALLAS-FORT WORTH AREAS FOR SELECT YEARS 2012, 2014, 2017, 2020, 2023, 2026, AND 2028 AIRPORT EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR HOUSTON- GALVESTON-BRAZORIA AND DALLAS-FORT WORTH AREAS FOR SELECT YEARS 2012, 2014, 2017, 2020, 2023, 2026, AND 2028 FINAL Prepared for: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Air Quality Division Prepared by: Eastern Research Group, Inc. April 21, 2015 ERG No. 0345.00.002 AIRPORT EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR HOUSTON-GALVESTON- BRAZORIA AND DALLAS-FORT WORTH AREAS FOR SELECT YEARS 2012, 2014, 2017, 2020, 2023, 2026, AND 2028 TCEQ Contract No. 582-15-50416 Work Order No. 582-15-51606-03-FY2015-08 Prepared for: Anusuya Iyer Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Emissions Assessment Section P. O. Box 13087 Bldg. E, Room 341S Austin, TX Prepared by: Roger Chang Eastern Research Group, Inc. 1600 Perimeter Park Drive Suite 200 Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 April 21, 2015 Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary ............................................................................................ 1-1 2.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 2-2 2.1 Purpose and Objectives ........................................................................... 2-2 2.2 Report Organization................................................................................ 2-3 2.3 Background ............................................................................................. 2-4 3.0 Data Sources of Texas Airport Activities Inventoried ....................................... 3-1 3.1 Local Airport-Provided Data ................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Contacting Airports ...................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Summary of Local Data Received ................................................ 3-7 3.2 Publicly Available Data Sources of Texas Airport Activities ................ 3-10 3.2.1 T-100 Dataset ............................................................................. 3-10 3.2.2 TAF/ATADS Datasets ................................................................ 3-10 3.2.3 5010 dataset ................................................................................ 3-11 4.0 Summary of 2012, 2014, 2017, 2020, 2023, 2026, and 2028 Emissions ......... 4-1 4.1 Emission Estimation Methodology ........................................................ 4-1 4.1.1 Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System............................... 4-1 4.1.2 Generic Emission Estimating Procedures ................................... 4-4 4.1.3 Emission Projection Procedures .................................................. 4-5 4.1.4 Summary of Texas Airport Emissions ......................................... 4-5 5.0 References ........................................................................................................... 5-1 Appendix A Communication Log – Comprehensive Log of Communication Between ERG and Each Airport ................................................................................................... A-1 Appendix B Aircraft Specific Activity Data ................................................................... B-1 Appendix C 2012 and 2014 T-100 Activity Dataset ...................................................... C-1 Appendix D Growth Factors by Aircraft Type for Projection Years 2017, 2020, 2023, 2026, and 2028 ............................................................................................................. D-1 i List of Tables Table 1-1. 2012 and 2014 Annual Landing and Takeoff (LTO) Summary by Data Source .................................................................................................................... 1-2 Table 3-1. Summary of Data Provided by Local Airports ................................................ 3-2 Table 3-2a. Operations Data: Submitted as Annual Totals ............................................. 3-7 Table 3-2b. LTO Data: Submitted as Annual Totals ........................................................ 3-7 Table 3-3. Denton Municipal Airport 2012 and 2014 Operations Data: Submitted as Monthly Totals by Generic Aircraft Type Categories .......................................... 3-8 Table 3-4. Republic Helicopters 2012 and 2014 LTOs: Submitted by Specific Aircraft Type ...................................................................................................................... 3-8 Table 3-5. 2012 and 2014 TGOs: Airport Submitted by Specific Aircraft Type ..............3-9 Table 3-6. Gate Electrification Percentages .....................................................................3-9 Table 4-1. Emission Factors for Aircraft Types (pounds per LTO) ................................. 4-5 Table 4-2. NOX Controlled Emission Estimates – DFW 4-County Area (Tons Per Day)...................................................................................................... 4-6 Table 4-3. VOC Controlled Emission Estimates – DFW 4-County Area (Tons Per Day)...................................................................................................... 4-6 Table 4-4. NOX Controlled Emission Estimates – DFW 9-County Area (Tons Per Day)...................................................................................................... 4-6 Table 4-5. VOC Controlled Emission Estimates – DFW 9-County Area (Tons Per Day)....................................................................................................... 4-7 Table 4-6. NOX Controlled Emission Estimates – HGB Area (Tons Per Day) ................ 4-7 Table 4-7. VOC Controlled Emission Estimates – HGB Area (Tons Per Day) ............... 4-8 List of Figures Figure 2-1. Landing and Take Off Cycle ........................................................................... 2-5 ii 1.0 Executive Summary The purpose of this study is to develop annual and summer week-day emission inventories for Texas airport activities for calendar years 2012, 2014, 2017, 2020, 2023, 2026, and 2028. The annual and average summer weekday inventories include all counties in the eight-county Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB), nine-county Dallas- Fort Worth (DFW) 1997 eight-hour ozone nonattainment areas, and the four-county DFW 1997 one-hour nonattainment areas. The HGB 1997 eight-hour ozone nonattainment areas include the following counties: Brazoria, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller. The DFW 1997 eight-hour ozone nonattainment areas include the following counties: Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker, Rockwall, and Tarrant. The DFW 1997 one-hour nonattainment areas include the following counties: Collin, Dallas, Denton, and Tarrant. Eastern Research Group (ERG) developed emissions for nitrogen oxide (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The inventories will be used to support the State Implementation Plan (SIP) and other airport-related inquiries. The emissions associated with airport activities include: Commercial aviation (SCC: 2275020000) Air taxis — Piston driven (SCC: 2275060011) — Turbine driven (SCC: 2275060012) General aviation — Piston driven (SCC: 2275050011) — Turbine driven (SCC: 2275050012) Military (SCC: 2275001000) Auxiliary Power Units (SCC: 2275070000) Ground Support Equipment — Compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled (SCC: 2268008005) — Diesel-fueled (SCC: 2270008005) — Gasoline-fueled (SCC: 2265008005) — Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-fueled (SCC: 2267008005). To estimate emissions from these sources, ERG compiled and supplemented base year 2012 and 2014 activity data provided by local airports with publicly available activity data. Two approaches were used to estimate emissions from the compiled activity data. ERG used the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) if the activity data had aircraft-specific data. If such detailed data were not available, then ERG applied a more general approach for different aircraft types (i.e., air taxis, general aviation, and military aircraft) using available generic emission estimating procedures. Additional information on methodology are included later in the document. 1-1 Locally based activity and emissions were obtained, allowing for a more complete data set. Table 1-1 shows the percentage of activity data collected from local airports and the percentage of data supplemented using publicly available data. The data provided by local airports accounts for most of the activity within the SIP counties for both 2012 and 2014. Table 1-1. 2012 and 2014 Annual Landing and Takeoff (LTO) Summary by Data Source LTOs Percentage Data Source 2012 2014 2012 2014 Local-Airport-Provided Data 1,071,618 1,132,242 53% 53% Publicly Available Data 966,601 993,408 47% 47% Total 2,038,219 2,125,650 100% 100% In 2012, general aviation aircraft outfitted with turbine engines accounted for 39% of the total aircraft activities, including activity associated with auxiliary power units and ground support equipment. Commercial aircraft, general aviation aircraft outfitted with piston engines, air taxis outfitted with turbine engines, military aircraft, and air taxis outfitted with piston engines account for 34%, 20%, 7%, 2%, and 1% of the total aircraft activities, respectively. In 2014, commercial aircraft accounted for 40% of the total aircraft activities, including activity associated with auxiliary power units and ground support equipment.