CENSUS OF 1961

RAJASTHAN

DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK

- CHITORGARH DISTRlcr·

c. S. GUPTA OF THE INDI.... N ADMlNlSTRATIVE SERVICE SupeTintendent of Census OpeTations, Printed by Maratlal Z. G8Ildbi; at Nayao Printing Press. Ahmedabad-I. FOREWORD

The Census data has always been considered as indispensable for day to day administration. It is' increasingly being considered now as the foundation stone of all regional planning. The publication of this series of District Census Handbooks wherein census statistics is made available for smaller territorial units is. therefore, a significant occasion for it fills many existing gaps in statistics at the lower levels. Many interesting details have been revealed by the Census 1961 and I hope persons engaged in the ad~inistration of the State and public in general will appreciate the value and the effort that has gone into the production of lOch a standard book of reference. I congratulate the Superintendent of Census Operations, Rajasthan, Shri C. S. Gupta I. A. S. and his colleagues who have done a good job with skill and perseverence. B. MEHTA JAIPUR. Chief Secretary 1st Afarch. 1966. 101M Government of Rajasthan. OTHER MEMBERS OF THE STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH THIS WOR.K!

Shri Wali Haider Computor Shri R. N. Verma Computor Shri T. C. Patni Compiler Shri B. B. Dave Compiler Shri D. L. Badiwal Compiler Shri M. L. Kumawat Draftsman Shri D. L. Verma ...... Asstt. Draftsman Shri M. M. Goyal ... Proof Reader

Shri O. P. Avasthy Proof Read~r

vi PREFACE

The District Census Handbooks, to which series the present volume belongs. are the gifts of the Census of India and were first introduced in 1951. The 1961 series of District Census Handbooks are more elaborate than their counter-part in 1951 and present all important census data alongwith such other basic information as is very relevant for an understanding of the distriet. A wide variety of information which the Census 1961 collected has already been released in several parts as mentioned elsewhere in this book. The information contained in the present volume will be found useful by the Government, the district administration, persons engaged in regional planning, social workers and scholars in the field of humanities. Unfortunately these Handbooks became available to the users rather late in the decade. This was due to difficulties in printing. The Government Press Jodhpur, to whom thii work was assigned by the State Government, had a heavy back­ log of printing and found it impossible to print all the books in the series itself. Arrangements had therefore to be made to get these printed through a private pren. I trullt a more expeditious method for printing of such valuable matter in time will be devised in future. I am grateful to Shri Asok Mitra, Registrar General, India for his guidance in this work from time to time. I am greatly beholden to the State Governmonot for their kindly agreeing, as they also did in 1951, to get this series published at their cost. Dr. U. B. Mathur, Dy. Superintendent Census Operations, Rajasthan assisted me in editing this series. Tabulation Officer Shri S. R. Luhadia assiduously worked for compilation of the information presented in the book and has seen it through the press. Many of the facts and figures incorporated in the book were built up after scrutiny of a lot of raw material and by personal contacts. This task was admirably done by Shri Ram Autar Gupta, Statistical Assistant. Without their sincere cooperation and the assistance rendered by various members of the staff. mentioned overleaf, who were associated with this work, it would have been -hardly possible to present the information which is the subject matter of this book. I thank them all.

C. S. GUPTA JAIPUR, Superintendent , 15th August, 1966. Census Operations, Rajasthan .

•

CONTENTS PAGE

FOREWORD iii

PREFACE v

SECTION I (i)

INTRODUCTION (iii)

SECTION II 1

PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT

(j) DISTRICT PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 8

(ii) RURAL PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 12

Rashmi Tehsil 12 Gangrar Tebsil 14 Begun Tebsil 20 Bbainsrorgarh Tehsil 32 Chitorgarh Tehsil 40 Kapasan Tehsil 48 Bhadesar Tehsil 52 Nimbabera Tehsil 60 Chhoti Sadri Tehsil 66 Bari Sadri Tebsil 72 Dungla Tehsil 78 Pratapgarh Tehsil 82 Achnera Tehsil 96

(Iii) URBAN PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 106

OTHER CENSUS TABLES 111

A-SERlES-G EN ERAL POPULAnON TABLES

NOTE 113

TABLE A-I Area. Houses and Population 115

APPENDIX-I Statement showing 1951 territorial units constituting the present ~et-up of the district 116

ANNEXURE TO APPENDlX-I: List of villages affected in the transfers 119 ApPENDIX-II Villages with a population of 5,000 and over and towns with a population under 5,000 120 APPENDIX-III Houseless and Institutional Population ] 21

viI TABLE A-II Variation in population during sixty years 090 1-I 961 ) 121 APPENDIX Statement showing 1951 population according to their territorial jurisdiction in 195 t, changes in area and the population involved in those changes 122 TABLE A-III Villages classified by popUlation 124 TABLE A-IV Towns classified by population in 1961 with variation since 1901 .•• 126 APPENDIX Towns in 1951 declassified in 1961 ... 127 8-SERIES-ECONOMIC TABLES NOTE 129 APPENDIX Standard Industria] Classification 133

TABLE B-1 Workers and non-workers classified by ~ex and broad age-groups 142 TABLE B-III­ PART A Industrial classification of workers and non-workers by educational levels in Ulban areas only 148 PART B Industrial classification of workers and non-workers by educational levels in rural areas only 150 TABLE B-IV­ PART A Industrial classification by sex and class of worker of persons at work at household industry 155 PART B Industrial classification by sex and class of worker of persons at work in non-household industry. trade. business. profession or service 158 PART C Industrial classification by sex and divisions, major groups and minor groups of persons at work other than cultivation 161

ApPENDIX TO TABLE B-IV PART C 165 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE TO TABLE B-IV PART C : Tehsilwise industrial classification by sex and divisions of persons at work other than cultivation in rural areas only 166 TABLE B-V Occupational classification by sex of persons at work other than cultivation 169 APPENDIX 193 FLY LEAF 195 TABLE 8-VI Occupational divisions of persons at work other than cultivation classified by sex, broad age-groups and educational levels in urban areas only ••• 196

VUI TABLE B-VIl­ tPART A Persons working principally (i) As cultivators (ii) As agricultural labourers or (iii) At household industry classified by sex and by secondary work (i) At household industry (ii) As cultivator or (iii) As agricultural labourer 200 'PART B Industrial classification by sex of persons working in oon­ household industry, trade, business. profession or service who are also engaged in household industry 204 TABLE B-VIII- PART A Persons unemployed aged 15 and above by sex, broad age­ groups and educational levels in urban areas only 207 PART B Persons unemployed aged 15 and above by sex, and educational levels in rural areas only 209 TABLE B-IX Persons not at work classified by sex, broad age-groups and type of activity 210 TABLE B-X Sample households 0) engaged neither in cultivation nor house- hold industry (ii) engaged either in cultivation or household in­ dustry but not in both and (iii) engaged both in cultivation , and household industry for all areas 217 TABLE B-XI Sample households engaged in cultivation classified by interest in land and size of land cultivated in rural and urban areas separately 218 TABLE B-XII Sample households engaged in cultivation only classified by size of land cultivated and number of family workers and hired workers in rural and urban areas separately 220 TABLE B-XIII Sample households engaged both in cultivation and household industry showing size of land cultivated classified by principal household industry in rural and urban areas separately 231 TABLE B-XIV- Sample households engaged only in household industry classified by principal household industry in all areas 232 . PART A Households classified by major groups of principal household industry and number of persons engaged 232 PART B Households classified by minor groups of principal household industry 233 TABLE B-XV Sample households engaged both in cultivation and household industry classified by size of land in rural and urban areas sepa­ rately 234 TABLE B-XVI Sample principal household industry classified by period of working and total number of workers engaged in household industry in all are'as 236 Al>PENDIX 241 TABLE B-XVII Sample households classified by (i) number of male and female members by size of households and (ii) engagement (a) neither in CUltivation nor in industry (b) in household industry only and (c) in cultivation sub-classified by size of land cultivated 242 ix <;;-SERIES-SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABL,ES NOTE 244 TABLE C-J Composition of sample households by relationihip to head of family classified by size of land cultivated 246 TABLE C-II Age and Marital Status 247 TABLE C-III­ PART A Age, Sex and Education in all areas 252 PART B Age, Sex and Education in urban areas only 253 PART C Age, Sex and Education in rural areas only 254 TABLE elV Single year Age returns 258 TABLE C-V Mother Tongue 259 TABLE C-VII Religion 262 TABLE C-VIII Classification by literacy and industrial category of workers and non-workers PART A (Among Scheduled Castes) 263 PART B (Among Scheduled Tribes) 265 E-SERIES-HOUSING TABLES NOTE 267 TABLE E-I Census houses and the uses to which they are put 269 TABLE E-II Tenure status of sample census households living in census houses used as dwellings 270 TABLE E-IV Distribution of sample households living in census houses used wholly or partly as dwellings by predominant material of wall and predominant material of roof 272 TABLE E-V Sample households classified by number of members and by number of rooms occupied 274 LIST OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLlSHMENTS 277 SCT, SC & ST SERIES- SPECIAL TABLES FOR SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES NOTE 282 TABLE SCT-I Industrial classification of persons at work and non-workers by sex PART A (For Scheduled Castes) 284 PART B (For Scheduled Tribes) 288 FLY LEAF 289

x TABLE SC £-11 Age and Marital Status PART A (For Scheduled Castes) 290 PART B (For Scheduled Tribes) 294 TABLE SCT-III Education PART A (i) (For Scheduled Castes in urban areas only) 296

PART A (ii) (For Scheduled Tribes in urban areas only) 296 PART B (i) (For Scheduled Castes in rural areas only) 297 PART B (ii) (For Scheduled Tribes in rural areas only) 297 TABLE seT-IV Religion PART A (For Scheduled Castes) 298 PART B (For Scheduled Tribes) 299 TABLE SCT-V Sample households engaged in cultivation classified by interest in land and size of land cultivated in rural areas only PART A (For Scheduled Castes) 300 PART B (For Scheduled Tribes) 300 TABLE SC-I Persons not at work c1assified by sex, type of activity and educational levels for Scheduled Castes 301 TABLE ST-I Mother Tongue and Bi-lingualism for Scheduled Tribes 305 TABLE ST-Il Persons not at work c1assified by sex and type of activity for Scheduled Tribes 308 SECTION III 309 VILLAGE DIRECTORY 310 (a: SOME OFFICIAL STATISTICS 365 SECTION IV 381 DISTRICT & TEHSIL MAPS 383

xi 1961 CENSUS PUBLICATIONS for Rajasthan State

The Rajasthan }961 Census Publications, which will have Volume No. XIV in All India Census Series, will be published in the following puts .-

PART I-A General Report

PART I-B Subsidiary Tables

PART II-A General Population Tables (A-Series) and Primary Census Abstract

PART II-B(i) Economic Tables CB-Series, Ta'bles I-IV)

PART I1-B(ii) Economic Tables (B-Series, Tables V-IX)

PART II-C(i) Social and Cultural Tables (C-~erie3)

PART I1-C(ii) Migration Tables CD-Series)

PART III Household Economic Tables (B-Series, Tables X-XVII)

PART IV-A Report on Housing and Establishments

PART IV-B Housing and Establishment Tables (E-Seriel)

PART V-A Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

PART V-B Ethnographic notes on Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes

PART VI-A to F Survey of Selected Villages

PART VII-A Survey of Selected Crafts

PART VII-B Notes on Selected Fairs and Festivals

PART VIII-A ·Census Administration Report (Enumeration)

PART VIII-B ·Census Administration Refort (Tabulation)

PART IX-A & B Census Atlas

A separate District Census Handbook prepared by this office is being issued by the Government of Rajasthan for each of the 26 districts.

.. Not for lale SECTION I

INTRODUCTION

lNTRf)DUCTION

The territory now known as District Chitorgarh tehsil. The Bhadesar tebsil gained in territory by the used to be a part of the former Mewar, Pratapgarb, transfer of four villages (4.1 Sq. miles) from Kapasan. Tonk and Jhalawar States and some enclaves of the one village (0.3 Sq. mile) from Chitorgarh, 14 villages former Madhya Bbarat State. After the merger of the (19.6 Sq. miles) from Dungla and one village (1.5 Sq. princely States of Mewar, Pratapgarh and Tonk intp the miles) from Bari Sadri tehsil. ELeven villages (18.8 Sq. Rajasthan Union a separate district of Chitorgarh was miles) from Bari Sadri and fOllf villages (7.9 Sq. miles . formed which, except a few cbanges made in its territo- from Nimbahera tehsil were transferred to Chhoti Sadri rial jurisdiction, continues up-to-date. tebsH. Six viJJages '(11.9 Sq. miles) from Bbadesar ,.;j' and ten villages (18.8 Sq. miles) from Dungla tehsil Location and Formation were taken to Bari Sadri tehsil. Seven villages with an area of 23.5 Sq. miles from Bhadesar tehsil and five 2. District Chitorgarh is situated within 23°32' and villages (9.2 Sq. miles) from Bari Sadri tehsil were trans­ ",so7' north latitudes and 74°J3' and 7949' east longitudes ferred to Dungla tehsil. Three villages (1.3 Sq. miles) on the borders of Madbya Pradesh State. It js bOllnded from Achnera tehsil to Pratapgarh tehsil and one viJJ.age. . on the east by of Rajasthan and Mandsaur and ten bamlets U.8 Sq. miles) from Pratapgarh tehsil district of Madbya Pradesh State, on tbe south-west were added to Achnera tehsi!. During tbe same period, by , on the west by district by way of inter-district transfers, the district lost in and on the nOIth by and districts. territory by the transfer of two v:Ulages (5.8 Sq. miles) to and ten villages (17.9 Sq. miles) to ~. The area of the district as reported by the . Besides tbe above inter:tehsil and Sur:veyor General of India is 4,033 Sq. miles and aecurd­ inter-district transfers, three villages (partly) with an ing to village papers it is 3,853.0 Sq. miles or 9,979.3 Sq. area of 4.8 Sq. miles were transferred from Bhainsrorgarh Km. The district covers 2.9% of the area of Rajasthan tehsil to Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh State. and stands 15th in rank in area amongst the districts of the State. Topograpby

4. The district is composed of thirteen tehsils viz. 5. The hill system in the district belongs to the Rashmi, Gangrar~ Begun.. Bhainsrorgarh, Chitorgarh, Arawallis. The rivers which flow through the district are Kapasan, Bhadesar, Nimbahera, Chhoti Sadri, Bari Sadri, Banas, Berach, Gambhir, Chambal, Gunjali, Bamani, Dungla, Pratapgarh and Achnera whicb contlDue their Kaldi and Wagon. The Banas river rises in the Aravalli name and form eversince the formation of tbe district. hills about three miles from the fort of Kumbhalgarh During the inter-censal period 1951-61 a number of in ter­ (Udaipur district) and flows through Rashmi tehsil. River tehsil transfers of territories took place. The former Kanera Berach rises from the hills near Udaipur and fills the tehsil, five villages from Cbitorgarh, four villages from Udaisagar lake, and then in the form of overflow P!lsses Bhadesar and three villages from Chhoti Sadri tehsds through the portions of Kapasan, Bhadesar. Gangrar were transferred to Nimbahera tehsil witb an area of 99.8 and Chitorgarh tehsils. It then joins river Gambhir near Sq. miles. Six villages ,(8.8 Sq. miles) from Rashmi tebsil Chitorgarh town and falls into the river Banas near and one village (0.1 Sq. mile) from Chitorgarh tehsil to village Bigod in tehsil (Bhilwara district). Gangrar tehsil, ten villages (6.6 Sq. miles) from Gangrar The Gambhir which originates in Madhya Pradesh State tehsil to Begun tehsil, two villages (1.1 Sq. miles) from flows in Nimbahera and Chitorgarh tehsils and joins the Nimbahera tehsil to Chitorgarh tehsil were transferred. river Berach at village Bherda (Chitorgarh tebsiJ). The Two villages (3.3 Sq. miles) from Dungla and one village Chambal and the Gunjali rivers have their source in the (1.3 Sq. ~ile) from Bbadesar were transferred to Kapasan plains of "Madhya Pradesh State and flow through :the (iv)

portions of tehsil Bhainsrorgarh. River Bamni is the General Administration tributory of the Chambal river. It rises in the hills near Begun and joins the Chambal near Bhainsrorgarh. There 10. For the purpose of administration the district are big tanks at Kapasan, Nagawali (Dungla tehsil) and is divided into five sub-

Agricultural Improvements manufacture 01 knives and scissors, carpentary. bangle and furniture making. The Industries Department of 21. During the second five year plan a sum of tbe State helps small scale industries by way of disbur- Rs. 17.06 lakhs was spent in the district on agriculture sing loans to the parties, . sector. During this period about 33 thousand Mds. of improved seeds, 189 thousand tons of manure, over one 25. There is no separate employment exchangl? in thousand ton of fertIlizers and over two hundred im­ the district but the work is looked after by the Employ­ proved agricultural implements were distributed to the ment Officer, Udaipur. farmers under various schemes of the Agriculture Department. Over three thousand manure pits were dug Trade UDions and about 10 thousand acres of area were brought under the plough. 26. There were five registered trade unions in the district during 1960-61. The oldest trade union is the Irrigation De'Velopment Zila Chitorgarh Mehtar Mazdoor Sangh at Chitorgarh which was registered in the year 1956. Other trade 22. The chief irrigation development schemes of unions are the Tonga Union at Cbitorgarh, Municipal the district are Gambhiri and Gadola. The estimated Karamchari Sangh at Kapasan and Chhoti Sadri and cost of Gambhiri scheme is Rs. 61 lakhs over which Patthar Kbaan Mazdoor Sabha at Nimbahera. Rs. 48.69 lakhs have been spent during the first two plans. Irrigation from this scheme has been made Power available since 1956. On completion, it will be helpful in irrigating 13.S thousand acres of area. The Gadola 27. There is a private power house at Pratapgarh scheme involving an expenditure of about Rs. 4.7 lakhs which was installed in the year 1938. Another power will be able to irrigate about 1.9 thousand acres on its house at Chitorgarh was started in 1958-59 under the completion. In all seven major & medium and ten rural and. urban electrification scheme with aD installed minor irrigation works were completed during tbe period capacity of 304 KW. A sum of Rs. 5.6 lakhs was spent of the first five year plan and five minor irrigation on power resources in the district during the period of works were completed during the second plan period the second five year plan. including those carried over from the first plan. Trade and Commerce Industries aud Labour 28. The district exports groundnut, linseed, maize, 23 There were five registered factories in the Ajwayan, cotton, sanhemp and jowar etc. while the district in the year 1952 which increased to 35 by the imports include iron and steel, machineries, cloth. petrol, end of 1961. Amongst the important ones are the kerosene oil, sugar. salt, stationery and other articles of lamkumal Somani Cotton Ginning Factory at Kapasan, general merchandise. People's Co-operative Society (Cotton Ginning & Pres­ sing Factory) at Cbitorgarh, Seth Naraindas Vasudeo 29. Chltorgarb. Nimbahera, Chhoti Sadri, Bari Cotton Ginning Factory at Nimbahera, Sbri Laxmi Sadri, Pratapgarh, Kapasan and Begun are tbe main Ginning Factory at Bari Sadri and MIs Kishanlal trading centres in the district. Weekly markets are also Champalal Bidi Factory at Pratapgarh Which provided held at Pratapgarh. Facilities of local markets also employment to about five hundred persons in the year exist in certain villages which have been shown in the 1961. Besides, several oil, flour and bidi factories are Primary Census Abstract elsewhere in this book. run in the district. 30. The Bank of Rajasthan Ltd. has got its bran­ 24. Among the small scale and cottage industries ches at Chitorgarh, Pratapgarh and Chhoti Sadri while mention may be made of dyeing and printing of cloth, the branches of the State Bank of Jaipur functions at (vii)

Chitorgarh, Nimbahera and Kapasan. Besides, a Land Hospital at Pratapgarh. An Anti-malarial Unit has also Mortgage Bank and a Central Co-operative Bank have been functioning in the district with its headquarters been also established at Chitorgarh. at Chitorgarh under the National Malaria Eradication Programme. 31. There were 205 shops dealing in country liquor and 35 in hemp drugs in the district during 34. By the end of March, 1961 there were 39 '1960-61. There are three permanent cinema houses in Government Ayurvedic and Unani dispensaries in the the district. district as compared to 28 during 1956-57.

Education 35. The number of out-door and indoor patients 32. During 1956-57 tbere was one College, 8 Highl treated in the Government Allopathic medical institutions Higher Secondary Schools, 31 Middle Schools, 316 Primary of the district in the year 1960 was around 342 thousand Schools and 7 Schools for Special Education in the and 3 thousand respectively. Rs. 5.74 lakhs and Rs.98 district. The number increased to 14 High/Higher Secon­ thousand were spent on Medical and Public Health and dary Schools, 48 Middle Schools, 439 Primary Schools Ayurvedic facilities in the district respectively during the and 92 Schools for Special Education in 1960-61. second plan period. Besides, one professional school and 46 Junior Basic Schools were also functioning in the district. The total Drinking Water Facilities number of scholars in all types of institutions during 1960-61 was over 38 thousand. As a result of the 36. An urban water supply scheme for Pratapgarh implementation of the Democratic Decentralisation town was completed during 1959-60 over which a sum Scheme in 1959, all Primary Schools in rural of Rs. 3.72 lakhs were spent. Chitorgarh, Nimbahera, areas of the district have been transferred under Kapasan and Chhoti Sadri were other towns for which the administrative control of the Panchayat Samities. A the water supply scheme were under progress during the sum of Rs. 24.39 lakhs was spent on the development period of the second five year plan. Besides, water ·of educational facilities in the district during the period supply schemes for several villages were under progress in of the second five year plan. rural areas.

Medical and Public Health Honsing

33. By the end of 1960 there were ten Govern­ 37. Under the Low Income Group Housing Scheme a ment Public Allopathic Hospitals with 131 beds and eight loan of Rs. 50 thousands was disbursed in the district dispensaries (including aid posts). Besides, District Jail during the year 1955-56. During the second five year plan a :Dispensary also functions at Pratapgarh for jail emplo­ sum of Rs. 3.56 lakhs was disbursed (0 the public under ,yees. Maternity and child welfare centres function 'at the L.I.G.H. Scheme for the construction of hOllses as a c. Chitorgarh and Kapasan. Such facilities are also avail­ result of which 151 houses have been constructed and able in Zenana Hospital at Pratapgarh where 6 beds are 50 houses were under construction. reserved for such cases. A family planning Centre func­ ilions under Government control at Pratapgarh and at Transport and Communication . Nimbahera and Kapasan under the supervision of the ~(Panchayat Samities. Out of twelve small pox vaccina­ 38. The district had 203 miles of roads in 1950-51 ':tion centres, the one at Bari Sadri is under Government which increased to 462 miles by tbe end of March, . 'Control, the rest are supervised by the Panchayat Sami­ 1961. 52.4% of the roads were painted and metalled, ~ies. There is a paediatric ward in Zenana Hospital at 42.4% fair weather and dressed up tracks and the rest "ratapgarh where a dental clinic also functions. Labora­ consisted of gravelled type. Fourteen road works were !tory and X-ray facilities are available in General completed and a sum of Rs. 43.40 lakbs was spent on (viii) road development works in the district during the second Commonity Development plan period. There were 147 motor vehicles on road in 1954 which increased to 276 in 1961. 42. The Community Development Programme was started in the district during 1955-56 by establishlDg '39. The district is connected by the Western blocks at Pratapgarh and Begun. This was foHowed by Railway. A railway line viz. Udaipur-Chitorgarh runs the establishment of a block at Kapasan in 1956-57, through the district. Another line connecting with Chitorgarh and Rashmi in 1957-58, Nimbahera in Khandwa passes through' Gangrar, Chitorgarh and 1958-59, Bhainsrorgarh in 1960-61 and Chhoti Sldri in Nimbabera railway stations. Besides, a few mileage of 1961-62. the district is also served by a line connecting Mavli with Bari Sadri. The total length of the railway line in 43. During the year 1961, over twenty thousand the district during 1960-61 was about 117 Km. There Mds. of seeds, around eleven thousand Mds. of ferti­ are Dak Bungalows at Chitorgarh and Pratapgarh and lizers and over two hundred agricultural implements Rest Houses at Nimbahera, Kapasan, Bheechor (Begun were distributed to the farmers and around eight tehsiO and Anwalhera (Gangrar tehsil). The district has hundred agricultural demonstrations were held in a number of bus routes. There were 90 Post Offices, the various Panchayat Samities of the district. 95 wells 18 Telegraph Offices, 4 Public Call Offices and one were constructed for drinking and another over Seven Telephone Exchange in the district during 1960-61. hundred for irrigation purposes. 182 adult literacy centres were opened and over two thousand adults were Local Bodies and Co-operation made literate.

40. There are Municipal Boards in the district at Social Welfare Chitorgarh, Nimbahera, Pratapgarh, Kapasan, Bari Sadri and Chhoti Sadri. The main sources of revenue of 44. There is an office of the State Social Welfare Municipalities are rent of shops, octroi, vehicle tax, Department at Chitorgarh which looks after the welfare house tax and the grants provided by the State Govern­ activities connected with the uplift of the backward ment. There is a Zila Parishad comprising of eleven classes in the district. Panchayat Samities and 295 Village Panchayats in the district. 45. Besides three Government hostels functioning for these backward classes, there are voluntary agency 41. There is a Central Co-operative Bank and hostels also at Chitorgarh, Bari Sadri. Achnera and Borav various types of Co-operative Societies in the district. In (Bhaiosrorgarh tehsiI) for Scheduled Tribes and at Kapa­ June, 1961 as many as 487 societies of various categories san for Scheduled Castes. Of the above mentioned hos­ (including the Central Co-operative Bank) with a total tels, one located at Chitorgarh is run by Gadolia Luhar membership of over twenty three thousand were function­ Seva Sangh, Cilltorgarh and the remaining hostels meant ing in the district. The working capital of these societies for Scheduled Tribes function under the supervision of was around Rs. 36.9 lakh and the share capital was the Rajasthan Adim Jati Sewak Saogb. The hostel at Rs. 1().4 lakhs. A loan of about Rs. 21.4 lakhs was Kapasan for Scheduled Castes is run by Harijan Sewak advanced and an amount of Rs. 20.0 lakhs were recovered. Sangh, Udaipur. There are training - cum - production The deposits and borrowings during the period were centres in tailoring one each at Chitorgarh, Pratapgarh around Rs. 2.9 lakhs and Rs. 23.2 1akhs respectively while and Nalwai lBari Sadri tebsil). The Government has the total liabilities amounted to Rs. 39.3 lakhs. In all, also opend a 'Sanskar Kendra' at Chitorgarh for the 266 societies were functioning at profit, 132 at loss and development of cultural and religious activities of the 89 societies were functioning on no profit no loss basis. Scheduled Castes. For rehabilitating Scheduled Tribes During the second five year plan a sum of Rs. 3.27 and Gadolia Luhars the Government has provided lakhs was spent on Co-operation in the district. subsidy to individual parties and a number of houses (ix) have been constructed under this scheme. Arrangements Places of Historical and Arcbaeologlcal Importance are also made for drinking water wells and Panchayats etc. in these localities. A sum of Rs. 4.67 lakhs was 48. Following places are of special interest in the spent for social