data and surveys 41

Sample Selection of Study holder independent broiler production and Sites in the Philippines independent commercial broiler operation In the Philippines, three regions were se- are disappearing. lected: Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, and Northern Mindanao. The leading re- Sample Selection of gion for commercial hog production in Study Sites in India the Philippines is Central Luzon, followed The India dairy team surveyed the three by Southern Tagalog. Four major hog- leading milk-producing states of the coun- producing provinces in the Central Luzon try: Gujarat in the west region and Punjab region were surveyed: Nueva Ecija, Bula- and Haryana in the north region. These can, Pampanga, and Tarlac. Three major states are well-developed milk-producing hog producing provinces in Southern Ta- regions in India, reflecting significant dif- galog were surveyed: Batangas, Laguna, ferences in organizational structure, with and Rizal. Northern Mindanao, although the traditional cooperative milk sheds in not particularly dominant in terms of its the west and newer milk sheds in the north. livestock output volume, was included be- Gujarat is dominated by milk coopera- cause the World Organization for Animal tives that were strengthened under a dairy Health (OIE) recently certified Bukidnon, a development program. Two of the highest- main center of operation for integrators and volume milk-producing districts in Gujarat, large companies in the northern part of Min- Mehsana and Kheda, were surveyed. Pun- danao, as free of FMD without vaccination. jab and Haryana, on the other hand, are Smallholder independent hog opera- dominated by the private sector, and the tions are still present in small numbers in presence of cooperatives is limited to a few these sample regions, but the level of com- areas. In the Punjab, two districts with po- mercial hog production activities is higher. tential for milk production growth, Lud- Smallholder contracts were not found in hiana and Moga, were surveyed. The dairy Central Luzon, but were present in South- cooperative sector has a strong presence ern Tagalog (Luzon), where few feed mills in Ludhiana district, while milk from the engaging in contract production with small- milk-shed area in the Moga district largely holders existed. Commercial-sized contract goes to Nestlé (a private sector dairy plant). production arrangements exist, but there is Although the dairy sector is well developed great difficulty in obtaining production in Haryana, the cooperative movement is and marketing information. Large inde- weak. The districts of Karnal and Jind were pendent commercial hog production farms surveyed in Haryana to get a representative also exist in all three regions. The type of sample across this state. activities engaged in by hog producers The Indian poultry surveys were con- was well represented ex post by the sam- ducted in the states of Andhra Pradesh and ples taken—namely, farrow-to-wean (piglet Haryana. Poultry production has grown rap- production), farrow-to-finish, and grow-to- idly in these two states during the last three finish activities or a combination of farrow- decades. These two states cover the national to-wean and farrow-to-finish operations spectrum of poultry development and scales (Costales et al. 2003). of activity, and both have considerable po- Central Luzon also has the highest level tential for future development. Andhra Pra- broiler production in the country, followed desh ranks first among Indian states in egg by Southern Tagalog. Although commer- and broiler production (5.8 billion eggs cial contract farming with large integrators and 140 million broilers in 1997–98), while dominates broiler production, there remain Haryana ranked tenth in egg production (637 small-scale contracts with smaller integra- million eggs in 1997–98) (Government of tors (with 6,000–10,000 birds). Both small- India 2000). The districts sampled from these