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'Saanich' Red Raspberry

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'Saanich' Red Raspberry JOBNAME: horts 42#1 2007 PAGE: 1 OUTPUT: January 5 06:08:20 2007 tsp/horts/131494/01788 HORTSCIENCE 42(1):176–178. 2007. including the widely planted ÔMeekerÕ, were obtained from replicated plantings estab- lished in 1996, 1999, and 2000 at PARC’s ÔSaanichÕ Red Raspberry Substation in Abbotsford, B.C. (Tables 1 and Chaim Kempler1,4, Hugh A. Daubeny2, and Brian Harding3 2). The plantings were evaluated for 3 years each. Each planting was arranged in a ran- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, domized complete block design with a culti- P.O. Box 1000, Agassiz, B.C., Canada V0M 1A0 var represented in three replicates of three- plant plots with 0.9 m between plants and 3 m Tom Baumann between rows. Yield, fruit weight, fruit firm- University College of the Fraser Valley, 45635 Yale Road, Chilliwack, BC ness, harvest dates, and postharvest fruit rot Canada V2P 6T4 (caused primarily by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr.) were measured each season from Chad E. Finn 1999 to 2004. Soluble solids concentration U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, (SSC), firmness, titratable acidity, and post- Horticultural Crop Research Laboratory, Northwest Center for Small Fruit harvest fruit rot tests were determined ac- Research, Corvallis, OR 97330 cording to Barritt et al. (1980) and Daubeny and Pepin (1974). Fruit were harvested from Patrick P. Moore nine to 14 times a season, depending on the Washington State University Puyallup Research and Extension Center, duration of a cultivar’s harvest period and environmental conditions. The average fruit Puyallup, WA 98371 weight for the season was calculated from the Mark Sweeney weight of a randomly selected 50 fruit sub- sample from each plot on each harvest and B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, adjusted for the proportion of yield for each Abbotsford, B.C., Canada V3G 2M3 harvest. The fruit ripening season was char- acterized by the dates at which 5%, 50%, and Tom Walters 95% total harvest fruit weight were reached Washington State University-NWREC, 16650 SR 536, Mount Vernon, WA (Table 2). Fruit firmness was measured as the 98273 force required to close the opening of the fruit with a push–pull spring gauge (Hunter Spring Additional index words. Rubus idaeus, fruit breeding, fruit quality, yield, machine harvesting Mechanical Force Gauge Series L; Ametek, Hatfield, Pa.) and was calculated on a ran- ÔSaanichÕ (Fig. 1) is a new floricane- tourists as well as being part of the name of domly selected subsample of 10 fruit three to fruiting red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) several districts located in the north part of five times each harvest season. Fruit samples cultivar from the breeding program at the Greater Victoria on Vancouver Island. were frozen; a thawed subsample was used to Pacific Agri-Food Research Center (PARC) ÔSaanichÕ, tested as BC 89-34-41, was determine pH and titratable acidity (as a per- of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada selected by H. A. Daubeny from a 1989 cross centage of citric acid). ÔSaanichÕ was also (AAFC), Agassiz, B.C. ÔSaanichÕ produces of two PARC selections BC 82-5-161 and BC evaluated in growers’ field in British Colum- a very high yield of medium-sized, firm, 80-28-50 (Fig. 2). BC 82-5-161 was selected bia and Washington state and in unreplicated sweet fruit suited to machine harvesting and from the cross of ÔAlgonquinÕ and ÔChilliwackÕ. machine harvest trials planted in 2003 in Mt. that can be individually quick frozen (IQF) ÔAlgonquinÕ is homozygous for gene Ag1, Vernon, Wash. very well. ÔSaanichÕ is well adapted for the which confers resistance to the common strain Yield was the only variable for which processing and fresh markets. It is resistant of A. agathonica, the aphid vector of RMV, there was a significant cultivar · planting to the common strain of the North American and is relatively cold hardy (Daubeny and year · harvest year interaction (P = 0.001), raspberry aphid, Amphorophora agathonica Anderson, 1993; Daubeny et al., 1991). During and hence data are presented for each plant- Hottes, a vector of the Raspberry mosaic testing, ÔAlgonquinÕ appeared better adapted ing year (Table 1). For the other variables, virus (RMV) complex. The choice of the to the climate of Ontario than that of south data from harvest years were combined name follows the tradition of naming PARC coastal B.C. and this observation is reflected (Tables 1, 2, and 3). ÔSaanich’ produced berry cultivars with B.C. First Nations in its name. ÔChilliwackÕ was selected from significantly higher yield than all other culti- names. ÔSaanichÕ, which translates as ‘‘place a cross between BC 64-10-198 and ’Skeena’ vars in six of the nine planting · harvest year of fertile soils,’’ is also the name of a scenic (Daubeny, 1987). BC 64-10-198 was selected combinations, significantly higher than all peninsula on Vancouver Island popular with from the cross of ÔSumnerÕ and ÔCarnivalÕ; cultivars except ÔQualicumÕ in the 2001 har- ÔSumnerÕ has moderate resistance to rasp- vests of the 1996 planting and significantly berry root rot and may be a source of root higher than all cultivars except ÔQualicumÕ Received for publication 10 Aug. 2006. Accepted rot tolerance in ÔSaanichÕ. The other parent of and ÔTulameenÕ in the 2001 and 2002 harvest for publication 18 Sept. 2006. ÔSaanichÕ is BC 80-28-50, which is a sibling of the 1999 planting (Table 1). ÔSaanichÕ was This research was partially funded by the Rasp- berry Industry Development Council, Lower Main- of ÔTulameenÕ; both were selected from the significantly lower yielding than ÔQualicumÕ land Horticultural Improvement Association, and cross of ÔNootkaÕ and ÔGlen ProsenÕ (Daubeny in the 2001 harvest of the 1999 planting the Washington Red Raspberry Commission. and Anderson, 1991). BC 80-28-50 demon- and significantly lower than ÔQualicumÕ and We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of strated excellent fruit qualities but was ulti- M. Bodnar, L. Frey, M. Gross, G. Weeks, and D. mately discarded because of its extreme Zinn of Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agas- susceptibility to root rot incited by Phytoph- siz; R. Martin, U.S. Department of Agriculture, thora fragariae Hickman var. rubi Wilcox & Corvallis, Ore.; and C. Ford, Sakuma Bros. Farm, Duncan (syns. P. erythroseptica Pethyp., Burlington, Wash. Pacific Agri-Food Research P. megasperma Drechs.) (unpublished data). Centre Contribution no. 741. 1Research scientist. 2Research scientist (retired). Performance and Description 3Research technician. 4To whom reprint requests should be addressed; Performance data for ÔSaanichÕ and sev- e-mail [email protected]. eral other Pacific Northwest cultivars, Fig. 1. ÔSaanichÕ red raspberry. 176 HORTSCIENCE VOL. 42(1) FEBRUARY 2007 JOBNAME: horts 42#1 2007 PAGE: 2 OUTPUT: January 5 06:08:21 2007 tsp/horts/131494/01788 In an unreplicated machine harvest trial planted in 2003 in Mt. Vernon, Wash., ÔSaanichÕ was rated as one of the highest in suitability for machine harvesting, giving ex- cellent fruit quality (Kempler and Daubeny, 2006). ÔSaanichÕ was machine-harvested from unreplicated plots on 14 and 20 July 2006 and small samples (2–3 kg) were run through a commercial individual quick freeze (IQF) facility. The frozen fruit was free from broken and shattered fruit and was superior to that of the industry standards ÔMeekerÕ and ÔCohoÕ. In large-scale grower trials in B.C., Wash., and Ore., ÔSaanichÕ established itself quickly, was suited for mechanical harvest- ing, and produced high yield 1 year after planting of fruit suited for IQF that is firm and of high quality. ÔSaanichÕ flowers are self-fertile, and the percentage of drupelets set under field con- ditions appears to be similar to that of ÔQua- licumÕ, ÔMalahatÕ,andÔMeekerÕ,eachofwhich is recognized for its high percentage of set (Daubeny, 1971; Daubeny and Kempler, 1995; Kempler and Daubeny, 2000). ÔSaanichÕ is vigorous, producing canes Fig. 2. Pedigree of ÔSaanichÕ red raspberry. that have an upright habit and cane diameter that is similar to other commercial cultivars (data not shown). The average numbers of nodes per floricane is 28 compared with Table 1. Average annual yield (kg/hill) and fruit weight for ÔSaanichÕ and six other Pacific Northwest 23, 25, 26, 27, and 27 for ÔCowichanÕ, raspberry cultivars in three plantings made in different years. ÔTulameenÕ, ÔQualicumÕ, ÔChemainusÕ,and Yield (kg/hill) ÔMeekerÕ, respectively. ÔSaanichÕ produced Planting yr 52 g of dry matter of primocane compared 1996 1999 2000 with ÔChemainusÕ, ÔTulameenÕ, ÔMeekerÕ, and Harvest yr ÔQualicumÕ, which produced 104, 97, 89, and Cultivar 1999 2000 2001 2001 2002 2003 2002 2003 2004 Fruit wtz (g) 49 g, respectively. ÔSaanichÕ produced 15 Saanich 5.53 5.72 5.01 6.70 3.33 6.58 5.81 5.85 4.88 3.0 cy primocanes per hill compared with ÔChem- Chemainus 4.41 4.48 3.78 5.98 3.70 4.20 3.20 4.07 3.40 3.7 b ainusÕ, ÔMeekerÕ, ÔTulameenÕ, and ÔQualicumÕ, Cowichan 3.87 4.25 3.97 3.68 3.34 4.13 3.43 3.44 4.30 4.2 a which produced 22, 14, 11, and 10, respec- Malahat 5.02 3.68 4.02 4.99 2.89 3.83 3.89 4.17 3.65 4.2 a tively (data not presented). ÔSaanichÕ flori- Meeker 4.07 3.67 3.07 4.23 3.14 4.24 2.63 4.02 3.66 3.0 c canes are straight and strong with short Qualicum 4.35 4.44 4.61 7.18 4.19 5.42 4.47 3.17 3.05 4.3 a internodes and thinner canes than ÔTula- Tulameen 4.06 4.28 3.36 6.60 4.48 — 3.87 4.11 4.12 4.4 a x meenÕ, ÔQualicumÕ, ÔCowichanÕ, and ÔChem- LSD 0.43 ainusÕ but similar to those of ÔMalahatÕ and z Fruit weight is an overall mean for the three planting years based on means of 50 fruit subsamples from ÔMeekerÕ.
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