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Paul Da Pedreira Do Cabo Da Praia Contributo Das Percepções Ambientais Para a Sua Preservação

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Paul Da Pedreira Do Cabo Da Praia Contributo Das Percepções Ambientais Para a Sua Preservação UNIVERSIDADE DOS AÇORES MESTRADO EM EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO Paul da Pedreira do Cabo da Praia Contributo das percepções ambientais para a sua preservação ANTÓNIO CARLOS ALCOBIA LEAL Angra do Heroísmo 2010 2 UNIVERSIDADE DOS AÇORES MESTRADO EM EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO Paul da Pedreira do Cabo da Praia Contributo das percepções ambientais para a sua preservação Dissertação apresentada na Universidade dos Açores para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Ambiental ORIENTADORES: Professora Doutora Rosalina Gabriel Professor Doutor António Frias Martins ANTÓNIO CARLOS ALCOBIA LEAL Angra do Heroísmo 2010 3 “Look! Water, there!” Brien Morton, 1997, em descida para aterragem no aeroporto das Lajes a sobrevoar o extremo Sul da baía da Praia da Vitória. 4 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Paul da Pedreira do Cabo da Praia (Ilha Terceira, Açores), zonas húmidas, percepção ambiental, reabilitação de ecossistemas, desenvolvimento sustentável RESUMO O paul da pedreira do Cabo da Praia é um ecossistema que teve origem aquando da construção do porto da Praia da Vitória (1983), e constitui uma zona húmida costeira sujeita ao ciclo da maré. Presentemente é visitada por inúmeras espécies de avifauna aquática, destacando-se as aves migratórias provenientes da América do Norte, que atraem ornitólogos, especialmente do Norte da Europa. Em 2000 foi implantado um parque de combustíveis que reduziu a metade a área do paul. Com o intuito de melhor caracterizar o conhecimento e as percepções da população face ao paul, efectuou-se uma revisão bibliográfica, e definiram-se como principais dimensões deste estudo: a percepção acerca da utilidade e estado de conservação do paul; responsabilidade de gestão; acções necessárias para a sua protecção; riscos e expectativas futuras. Foram ainda pesquisadas quais as fontes de informação mais confiáveis e a disponibilidade de participação por parte dos inquiridos em estudos ou programas futuros. Estes aspectos foram posteriormente analisados a partir de 214 inquéritos por questionário (88% da amostra efectuada na Ilha Terceira), e por entrevistas a representantes de nove instituições de algum modo relacionadas as zonas húmidas do concelho da Praia da Vitória. Entre os inquiridos, o paul é bem conhecido mas, devido à predominância de respondentes com habilitações académicas elevadas, é possível que este ainda seja pouco conhecido pela população em geral. A amostra revelou que o paul parece estar degradado actualmente, por via do seu desconhecimento, abandono por parte das autoridades e depósito de resíduos. Os inquiridos revelaram-se mais preocupados com o parque industrial, esgotos, maus cheiros e eventuais acidentes da indústria do que com os problemas causados pelo próprio paul. A importância da área é defendida com base em argumentos de utilidade ecológica e de fruição humana, da qual se destacam, potencialmente, o turismo; a educação ambiental e estudos científicos, uma vez que o local é considerado um “laboratório vivo”. Entre os inquiridos é consensual a ideia de que há necessidade de gestão e regulamentação do local. Algumas medidas já foram iniciadas, como a remoção de resíduos sólidos através de ONGAs e da entidade concessionária do parque de combustíveis. Há diferentes opiniões no que concerne à melhor forma de proteger o espaço: i) divulgando-o nos media ou, ii) restringindo-o para educação ambiental e estudos científicos. Este espaço necessitaria ainda de um incremento de segurança e eventualmente (dados do questionário) de infraestruturas de apoio como sinalização e ordenamento de acessos. Com relativamente poucos custos será possível assegurar o futuro deste hotspot, como uma mais-valia açoriana em termos de espaços naturais. 5 ABSTRACT The marsh at Cabo da Praia’s quarry is an ecosystem that was originated during the construction of the Praia da Vitoria’s harbor. A coastal wetland subject to tidal cycle, the marsh is visited by numerous species of water birds, particularly migratory birds from North America and there is a breeding species, the kentish plover. Regular visits to the site occur by birdwatchers from northern Europe. In 2000 a tank farm was deployed at the site, reducing the marsh by half. In order to better characterize the population knowledge and environmental perceptions regarding the marsh, a literature review was carried out, followed by the building of an conceptual framework and from this, we defined some dimensions of study: utility, conservation status; responsibility management; actions necessary for their protection; risks; future expectations; sources of information and also the availability of participation by respondents. These were then analyzed through a survey and interviewing some of the institutions related to the marshes of the municipality of Praia. It was found that the marsh is well known by the scientific community, but due to the prevalence of respondents with higher educational qualifications in the surveys completed over the Internet, it is expected that the marsh is still little known by the population. The sample revealed that the marsh is currently degraded, due to ignorance of the site’s existence, neglect by authorities and waste disposal. Respondents are more concerned with the industry, sewages, odors and potential industry accidents, that with any problems caused by the marsh. They indicate many uses, for ecology and human enjoyment as well as the existence of potential for tourism, environmental education and scientific studies since the site is a "living laboratory". The site needs management and regulation. The first steps have already begun: the removal of solid waste by non-governmental organizations and the fuel park’s concessionaires. Opinions differ regarding the best way to protect it: i) disclosing it in the media or, ii) restricting it only for environmental education and scientific research. The marsh needs an increase in security and, according to data from the questionnaires, some infra-structure support, signage and restricting access, to maximize the potentials above. With relatively low costs will be possible to secure the future of this hotspot, as an added value in terms of Azorean natural areas. 6 AGRADECIMENTOS À Professora Rosalina Gabriel e Professor Frias Martins, meus orientadores, pelas incontáveis horas de apoio e pela motivação omnipresente para a resolução desta tese, há muito desejada. Aos inquiridos, pelo tempo que dispenderam no prenchimento dos questionários. Aos entrevistados, pela sua disponibilidade e amabilidade, em especial ao Doutor Filipe Barata por todo o apoio demonstrado, antes e durante a realização da tese e pelo interesse que sempre nutriu por aquele espaço. Aos Dr. Staphan Rodebrand e Dr. Carlos Pereira (SPEA) pelo apoio. À minha família e aos meus amigos, e em especial à Isabel, os meus sinceros agradecimentos. 7 Lista de Acrónimos SIGLA Designação SIGLA Designação Organizações Não-Governamentais de ONGA ADA Associação de Defesa de Ambiente Defesa do Ambiente AFN Áreas Florestais Naturais ONU Organização das Nações Unidas AGESPI Associação Gestora do Parque Industrial OTU Ordenamento do Território e Urbanismo Administração dos Portos da Terceira e Plano Ambiental e de Recuperação APTG PARP Graciosa Paisagística CEB Ciclo do Ensino Básico PDM Plano Director Municipal CEE Comunidade Económica Europeia Plano Estratégico de Gestão de Resíduos PEGRA CMPV Câmara Municipal da Praia da Vitória dos Açores DIA Declaração de Impacte Ambiental PNI Parque Natural de Ilha DL Decreto-Lei POOC Plano de Ordenamento da Orla Costeira Paisagens Protegidas de Interesse DLR Decreto Legislativo Regional PPIR Regional DPM Domínio Público Marítimo PPCP Paul da Pedreira do Cabo da Praia DQA Directiva Quadro da Água Plano(s) Regional(is) de Ordenamento DRA Direcção Regional do Ambiente PROT do Território Direcção Regional do Ordenamento do DROTRH Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Território e Recursos Hídricos PROTA Território DRR Decreto Regulamentar Regional RAA Região Autónoma dos Açores DS Desenvolvimento Sustentável RFR Reservas Naturais Regionais Paradigma social dominante ( Dominant DSP RN2000 Rede Natura 2000 Social Paradigm) SIC Sítio de Interesse Comunitário EIA Estudo de Impacte Ambiental SIG Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Estudo de Impacte Ambiental do Parque EIAPCCP Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das de Combustíveis do Cabo da Praia SPEA Aves ESVN Escola Secundária Vitorino Nemésio SRA Secretaria Regional do Ambiente Índice de Condição de Zonas Húmidas FWCI Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e do da Flórida SRAM Mar GR Governo Regional Secretaria Regional da Agricultura, Paradigma da excepcionalidade humana SRAPA HEP Pescas e Ambiente (Human Exemptionalism Paradigm) Secretaria Regional do Turismo e Método de Avaliação hidrogeomórfica SRTA Ambiente de Zonas Húmidas HGM (Hidrogeomorphic Wetland UE União Europeia Assessment Method ) Método Uniforme de Avaliação da UNAM I/ II Área importante para as aves ( Important Mitigação IBA Bird Area ) Programa Ambiental das NU ( United UNEP Índice de Intensidade de Nations Environmental Programme) LDI Desenvolvimento da Paisagem US$ Dólares Norte-Americanos Avaliação de Ecossistemas Millenium Procedimento de Avaliação Rápida de MEA WRAP (Millenium Ecossystem Acessment) Zonas Húmidas Novo Paradigma Ecológico (New ZEC Zona Especial de Conservação NEP Ecological Paradigm) ZH Zona Húmida MNR Monumento Natural Regional Zona de Protecção Especial de Aves ZPE NU Nações Unidas Selvagens 8 ÍNDICE GERAL RESUMO ...........................................................................................................
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