DOCSLIB.ORG

ORANGEBURG 1968 Massacre the Orangeburg Massacre Took Place in Orangeburg, South Carolina at South Carolina State University on 8 February 1968

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ORANGEBURG 1968 Massacre the Orangeburg Massacre Took Place in Orangeburg, South Carolina at South Carolina State University on 8 February 1968 ORANGEBURG 1968 Massacre The Orangeburg Massacre took place in Orangeburg, South Carolina at South Carolina State University on 8 February 1968. This horrifc incident which ended with three young men, Samuel Hammond, Henry Smith, and Delano Middleton, killed and 27 other students wounded, was the worst example of violence on a college campus in South Carolina’s history. The incident began as students gathered to protest the segregation of black patrons at the nearby All Star Bowling lane. The students gathered on the South Carolina State University campus instead of at the bowling alley this time, as they had done the prior evening. They built a bonfre which a law enforcement ofcer attempted to put out. A highway patrolman then fred his gun into the air in an attempt to calm the crowd. Upon hearing the shot, other ofcers, thinking they were being fred upon, opened fre into the crowd of students. http://www.blackpast.org orangeburgemassacre.com beachamjournal.com abcnews4.com ROCK HILL Friendship Nine Non-violent action against segregation began in Rock Hill in 1961, when nine black Friendship Junior College students took seats at the whites-only lunch counter at a downtown McCrory's and refused to leave. When police arrested them, the students were given the choice of paying $200 fnes or serving 30 days of hard labor in the York County Jail. The Friendship Nine, as they became known, chose the latter, gaining national attention in the American Civil Rights Movement because of their decision to use the "jail, no bail" strategy. http://www.crmvet.org npr.org A South Carolina judge on 25 January 2015 threw out the convictions of the Friendship Nine, who were jailed in 1961 after a sit- in protest in Rock Hill, South Carolina, during the civil rights movement. www.nytimes.org CLEMSON 28 January 1963 Harvey Gantt was the frst African-American student to be admitted to Clemson University. He graduated from Clemson with honors in architecture, earned a master's at MIT, and established a practice in Charlotte, North Carolina. auntada.tumblr.com mashable.com "It is often said that history is the lengthening shadow of one man. In Clemson University's case this man was Harvey Gantt. The desegregation of Clemson University by Gantt on January 28, 1963, was characterized by 'Integration with Dignity' and is regarded by many as a signature event in American social history." —Dr. H. Lewis Suggs, from Integration with Dignity. tigerprints.clemson.edu University of South Carolina Because of the courageous acts of Robert G. Anderson, Henrie Monteith Treadwell, and James L. Solomon on 11 September 1963, the University of South Carolina now boasts a diverse campus with students from all nationalities, races and ethnicities. Anderson’s life and career became a testament to public service, beginning with his bravery at USC, He later served a combat tour in Vietnam. After leaving military service, Anderson served as a social worker in New York City for many years Treadwell made headlines for being the frst black student since 1877 to graduate from USC. After earning a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry from USC, she continued her education at Atlanta University, earning a master’s and doctorate in biochemistry. Solomon served in various state government positions including division director at the Commission on Higher Education and the commissioner of the Department of Social Services (DSS). When he was elected to Sumter District 17 School Board he became the frst African-American elected to public ofce in Sumter County since Reconstruction. Solomon’s public service and dedication to his community earned him the Order of the Palmetto — the highest award given to a resident of the state sc.edu/desegregation DIXIECRATS The States' Rights Democratic Party (usually called the Dixiecrats) was a short-lived segregationist political party in the United States in 1948. It originated as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party in 1948, determined to protect what they portrayed as the Southern way of life beset by an oppressive federal government, and supporters assumed control of the state Democratic parties in part or in full in several Southern states. The States' Rights Democratic Party opposed racial integration and wanted to retain Jim Crow laws and white supremacy in the face of possible federal intervention. Former U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond unsuccessfully ran for the presidency of the U.S. under this new political party. sodahead.com quietmike.org abagond.press.com CLARENDON COUNTY In 1944, George Stinney, a 14-year-old black youth, was accused of murdering two girls, aged 11 and 8 near Alcolu at Clarendon County. Alcolu was a small working-class mill town, where residences of whites and blacks were separated by railroad tracks. Stinney was interrogated by police in a locked room with several white ofcers and no other witnesses, and it was claimed that he had confessed to the killing within an hour. Given the two white female victims, and an all-white male jury, Stinney was rapidly convicted. On 16 June 1944, Stinney was executed at South Carolina State Penitentiary in Columbia. Seventy years later, on 17 December 2014, Stinney's conviction was vacated on the grounds that his constitutional rights had been violated, and his confession had most likely been coerced. Stinney walked to the execution cnn.com chamber with a Bible under his arm, which he later used as a booster seat in the electric chair lorrab.wordpress.com Brown vs Board of Education Briggs vs Eliot The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) is one of the most pivotal opinions ever rendered by that body. In December, 1952, the U.S. Supreme Court had on its docket cases from Kansas, Delaware, the District of Columbia, South Carolina (Clarendon County), and Virginia, all of which challenged the constitutionality of racial segregation in public schools. The U.S. Supreme Court had consolidated these fve cases under one name, Oliver Brown et al. v. the Board of Education of Topeka. This 1954 decision overturned Plessy vs Ferguson, stating that separate but equal was unconstitutional. nps.gov Even after Brown vs Board, South Carolina public schools remained segregated. It was not until 1963 that South Carolina began to integrate its schools. Prior to 1956 South Carolina had sixteen private schools across the state. Between 1963-1975, 200 new private schools were created as a means to keep blacks and whites educated separately. Scequalizationschools.org COLUMBIA SIT-INS March 1960 If you were a black student protesting the segregation of Columbia’s downtown lunch counters in the 1960s, you could count on two things: the steely silence of whites and a hungry stomach The sit-ins began in March 1960, a little over a month after four young men from North Carolina A&T sat down at a Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C., stirring college students to action throughout the South. Hundreds of students walked from the historically-black campuses of Allen University and Benedict College to take up positions at the drugstore lunch counters in downtown Columbia. Milton Greene gained notoriety when he was arrested with Charles Barr and three others at the Taylor Street Pharmacy for trespassing as they sat at the lunch counter and tried to order food. His case, along with another Columbia case led by protester Simon Bouie, went to the U.S. Supreme Court. Sitinmovement.org http://www.thestate.com/news/local/civil-rights/ AMERICAN HISTORY Timeline of Oppression and Resistance 1607 First Episcopal Church founded in Jamestown, VA (known as the Church of England) 1619 African Slavery Begins: Dutch slave trading vessel lands in Jamestown. Slaves were purchased like indentured servants. 1640s American farmers turned to West Africa as source of slave labor. “Triangle of Trade” came into being. 1694 Rice cultivation is introduced into the Carolinas. Slave importation increases dramatically. 1776 Declaration of Independence was signed. 1790 Naturalization Act of 1790; Citizenship restricted to free whites. 1827 Freedom's Journal, frst African-American newspaper appears. Cherokee Republic formed in attempt to avoid force removal. 1830 Peak of Southern Plantation Slavery; Congress passes Indian Removal Act. 1831 Nat Turner Rebellion – slave rebellion in Virginia. 1861-1865 The Civil War 1860-1866 Indentured servants begin to arrive from India. 1861 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, by Harriet Jacobs was published. 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation given by Abraham Lincoln to free slaves in the confederacy was signed. 1865 Reconstruction begins in the South. 1868 The 14th Amendment was passed granting due process and equal protection 1877 Reconstruction ends in the South. 1896 Plessy vs Ferguson: Supreme Court establishes “separate but equal” as standard for public transportation in train travel 1898 Wilmington, NC Riot: Integrated government was overthrown and all white government put in its place. Black-owned businesses and newspapers were destroyed and owners fed the town. 1909 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in New York. 1915 Julius Rosenwald, the president of Sears Roebuck established the Julius Rosenwald Fund to provide grants to African Americans for school construction. 1914-1918 World War I 1918 Bishop Henry Delany was consecrated Sufragan Bishop for Colored Work in North Carolina. 1929-1935 The Great Depression 1939-1945 World War II 1954 Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas overturns Plessy vs Ferguson saying that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” 1954 Sarah Mae Flemming refuses to give up her bus seat in Columbia, South Carolina. 1955 Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white person on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. 1957 Durham, NC Sit-In – the Rev'd Douglas Moore and six black young people sit in the white section of the Royal Ice Cream Parlor.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • U.S. CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL JOURNEY SOUTH CAROLINA Greenville
    U.S. CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL JOURNEY SOUTH CAROLINA Greenville Columbia Orangeburg Charleston Greenville - Columbia (1 hr. 32 mins.) Columbia - Orangeburg (51 mins.) Orangeburg - Charleston (1 hr. 15 mins.) The U.S. Civil Rights Trail spans 14 states, features more than 100 sites and highlights the country’s civil rights story. Your journey along the trail begins in Greenville, South Carolina. Penn Center St. Helena, SC DAY 1 – GREENVILLE Springfield Baptist Church Your journey begins as you travel along Interstate 85 toward Greenville and make your first stop: Springfield Baptist Church. Springfield Baptist Church Founded in 1867 by newly freed slaves, Springfield Baptist Church is the oldest historically Black Baptist church in Greenville and is still active in the community. In addition to being a center for spiritual growth, Springfield Baptist Church was headquarters for nonviolent civil rights protests in the 1960s. The church became Springfield Baptist Church, pivotal in the movement on Jan. 1, 1960, with Greenville, SC a peaceful march from the church to the Greenville Downtown Airport. The march was organized after the keynote speaker for a state NAACP convention, Jackie Robinson, the first Black Major League Baseball player, was denied use of the airport’s waiting room. Benjamin E. Mays House Museum Greenwood, SC DAY 2 – COLUMBIA Modjeska Monteith Simkins House > Modjeska Monteith Simkins House South Carolina State House Columbia, SC Continue your exploration of the U.S. Civil Today, a monument commemorating the Rights Trail as you make your way southeast history, contributions and actions of African- to the capital of South Carolina, Columbia. Americans in South Carolina, including their First stop on today’s schedule is the Modjeska struggle for civil rights, stands next to the Monteith Simkins House.
    [Show full text]
  • Events at Orangeburg, a Report Based on Study And
    1.11..111, REPORT RESUMES ED 019 380 UD 006 149 EVENTS AT ORANGEBURG, A REPORTBASED ON STUDY AND INTERVIEWS IN ORANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA,IN THE AFTERMATH OF TRAGEDY. BY- WATTERS, PAT ROUGEAU, WELDON SOUTHERN REGIONAL COUNCIL, ATLANTA,GA. PUB DATE 25 FEB 68 EDRS PRICE MF80.25 HC -$1.92 46P. DESCRIPTORS- *CONFLICT, *RACIALDISCRIMINATION, *NEGRO STUDENTS, *COLLEGE STUDENTS, *SOUTHERNCOMMUNITY, RACIAL SEGREGATION, FREEDOM ORGANIZATIONS,RACE RELATIONS, EDUCATIONAL QUALITY, STATE SCHOOLS,STATE AID, STATE OFFICIALS, STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS,.POLICE ACTION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, INTERVIEWS, DEMONSTRATIONS(CIVIL), BLACK POWER, ORANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA THIS REPORT ON THE RACIAL CONFLICTIN ORANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA, ATTEMPTS TO PRESENTA *CAREFUL AND IMPARTIAL* ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION, MASED ONINTERVIEWS WITH STUDENTS AND FACULTY, NEWSMEN, TOWNSPEOPLE,AND OFFICIALS. THE VIOLENCE IN THIS SMALL NEGROCOLLEGE TOWN BROKE OUT OVERTLY OVER THE ISSUE OF A SEGREGATEDBOWLING ALLEY BUT IN FACT, WAS DEEPLY ROOTED IN ALL THE FACETS OFSOUTHERN RACIAL DISCRIMINATION. THE REPORT PRESENTSA CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS BEGINNING WITH THE EFFORTS OFA GROUP OF NEGRO STUDENTS TO VISIT THE BOWLING ALLEY ANDTHE RESPONSE BY LOCAL AND STATE POLICE, AND CONTINUES WITH ADAY-BY -DAY DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILD -UP OF TENSION UNTIL THECULMINATING TRAGEDY OF THE DEATH OF THREE STUDENTS. THEINVOLVEMENT OF CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS, STATE BODIES, THE U.S.JUSTICE DEPARTMENT, AND THE STATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO THEU.S. COMMISSION ON CIVIL .RIGHTS ARE DESCRIBED. ALSO DISCUSSEDARE THE MAJOR ISSUES AT THE CORE OF THE EVENTS- -THE EDUCATIONAL QUALITY OF STATE - SUPPORTED NEGRO COLLEGES,THE PAST AND PRESENT STATUS OF RACE RELATIONS IN THE TOWN,AND THE EXTENT AND MEANING OF THE INFLUENCE OF BLACK POWER.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Review of Politics, Vol
    Back to Blue? Shifting Tides of Red and Blue and The Dole-Hagan Senate Race in North Carolina Jody C. Baumgartner, Peter L. Francia, Brad Lockerbie, and Jonathan S. Morris At the start of the 2008 election cycle, not many observers or analysts would have predicted that Senator Elizabeth Dole would lose her seat. Indeed, in their January 2008 analysis of U.S. Senate races, the non-partisan Cook Political Report rated Dole’s seat “solid Republican.” However, the dynamics in North Carolina began to change and Dole was on the long list of Republicans who had the potential to lose; by May the race had shifted to the “likely Republican” category, by the end of summer Dole’s seat was classified as “lean Republican,” and in the middle of the fall campaign it was judged as a “toss up.” This article explores the contest between Elizabeth Dole and Kay Hagan by tracing the factors that allowed this apparently “safe” Republican seat to be captured by Democrats in 2008. While we discuss a number of factors that help to explain Hagan’s victory, we suggest that a changing partisan electoral environment resulting from the immigra- tion of non-Southerners to the state not only favored this outcome, but may auger well for the Democratic Party in the future. In other words, a state that had shifted red during the past several decades may be reverting back to blue. Next, we outline the shifting electoral and demographic landscape in North Carolina and contrast the candidates. Then, we discuss the environ- mental factors arrayed against Dole in 2008, including the mood of the state, an economic crisis, the popularity of Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama in North Carolina, and a competitive Democratic primary that drew out a large number of newly registered Democrats.
    [Show full text]
  • Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
    EMMETT TILL UNSOLVED CIVIL RIGHTS CRIME ACT JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION, CIVIL RIGHTS, AND CIVIL LIBERTIES AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON H.R. 923 JUNE 12, 2007 Serial No. 110-31 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary Available via the World Wide Web: http://judiciary.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 36-017 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY JOHN CONYERS, JR., Michigan, Chairman HOWARD L. BERMAN, California LAMAR SMITH, Texas RICK BOUCHER, Virginia F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., JERROLD NADLER, New York Wisconsin ROBERT C. SCOTT, Virginia HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina MELVIN L. WATT, North Carolina ELTON GALLEGLY, California ZOE LOFGREN, California BOB GOODLATTE, Virginia SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas STEVE CHABOT, Ohio MAXINE WATERS, California DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California MARTIN T. MEEHAN, Massachusetts CHRIS CANNON, Utah WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts RIC KELLER, Florida ROBERT WEXLER, Florida DARRELL ISSA, California LINDA T. SANCHEZ, California MIKE PENCE, Indiana STEVE COHEN, Tennessee J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia HANK JOHNSON, Georgia STEVE KING, Iowa LUIS V. GUTIERREZ, Illinois TOM FEENEY, Florida BRAD SHERMAN,
    [Show full text]
  • Balancing the Success of the Civil Rights Movement Created By: Mrs
    Balancing the Success of the Civil Rights Movement Created By: Mrs. Leveretter and Ms. McMahon (2017) Subject / Lesson: Balancing the Success of the Civil Rights Movement Grade Level: 8th Grade Overview/Description: Our lesson plan for the Supreme Court Institute, Summer 2017, focuses on notable mid- 19th century civil rights events in South Carolina. “Balancing the Success of the Civil Rights Movement” is the hook which leads our students into the discussion of whether events in our state have served as a catalyst or hindrance into the acquisition of civil rights for all South Carolina residents. The standard for review outlines specific events mandated for discussion; we are adding to the listing as a matter of issue in order for students to be well-grounded in their understanding of how past events dramatically may affect their present day. Students will mentally coalesce our South Carolina Social Studies Standards through primary, visual sources to this point in history. Using a close read as a blueprint, the students are equipped to summarize and appraise SC civil rights events through questions and discussion. “Balancing the Scales” exercise will let them critically rank specific events and their importance to the civil rights movement. These qualities are essential in becoming an informed citizen in today’s world. Essential Question for lesson: “What landmark court cases affected the civil rights movement in South Carolina and what were the lasting effects?” Duration: 55 minutes Standard 8-7.2: Analyze the movement for civil rights in South Carolina, including the impact of the landmark court cases Elmore v.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrates 25 Years. 25Th Anniversary Collector’S Edition Dear Students, Educators,And Friends
    South Carolina African American History Calendar Celebrates 25 Years. 25th Anniversary Collector’s Edition Dear Students, Educators,and Friends, One of the highlights of my year is the unveiling of the new African American History Calendar, for it is always a wonderful time of renewing friendships, connecting with new acquaintances, and honoring a remarkable group of South Carolinians. This year is even more exciting, for the 2014 calendar is our 25th Anniversary Edition! For a quarter of a century, the Calendar project has celebrated the lives, leadership, and experiences of gifted people who have shaped who we are as a State and as South Carolinians. Initially developed as a resource for teachers as they include African American history in their classroom curriculum, the Calendar has become a virtual Hall of Fame, combining recognition with education and drawing online visitors from around the globe. Thus far, 297 African Americans with South Carolina roots have been featured on the Calendar’s pages. They represent a wide array of endeavors, including government and military service, education, performing and fine arts, business, community activism, and athletics. They hail from every corner of the state, from rural communities to our largest cities. And each has made a difference for people and for their communities. The Calendar, with its supporting educational materials, has always been designed to help students understand that history is about people and their actions, not simply dates or places. While previous editions have focused on individuals, the 25th Anniversary Edition spotlights 12 milestone events in South Carolina’s African American History. Driven by men and women of courage and conviction, these events helped lay the foundation for who we are today as a State and who we can become.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom of Information in the United States
    DePaul Law Review Volume 20 Issue 1 1971 Article 1 Freedom of Information in the United States Morris D. Forkosch Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review Recommended Citation Morris D. Forkosch, Freedom of Information in the United States, 20 DePaul L. Rev. 1 (1970) Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review/vol20/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Law at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in DePaul Law Review by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION IN THE UNITED STATES Moius D. FORKOSCH* INTRODUCTION NY ANALYSIS which involves numerous and varied details may degenerate into a taxonomic exercise. For example, an im- mediate and necessary classification is that of the content or symbols transmitted and received, and the means, methods, and agencies so transmitting and receiving. While divisions and group- ings may be so utilized, these must remain servants and not become masters. The reason is that the "why" is generally more important than the "what," being projectable in time and in space, e.g., one country's experiences may become the basis for another's approach. For these reasons the present inquiry at first goes deeply into what may seem too abstract a discussion of American history and values. However, the subsequent particularization discloses that while now and then the United States has swerved from its basic ar- ticles of political faith, still, over the past two centuries, it has re- mained true to its national credos' involving freedom of information.2 * DR.
    [Show full text]
  • Alabama at a Glance
    ALABAMA ALABAMA AT A GLANCE ****************************** PRESIDENTIAL ****************************** Date Primaries: Tuesday, June 1 Polls Open/Close Must be open at least from 10am(ET) to 8pm (ET). Polls may open earlier or close later depending on local jurisdiction. Delegates/Method Republican Democratic 48: 27 at-large; 21 by CD Pledged: 54: 19 at-large; 35 by CD. Unpledged: 8: including 5 DNC members, and 2 members of Congress. Total: 62 Who Can Vote Open. Any voter can participate in either primary. Registered Voters 2,356,423 as of 11/02, no party registration ******************************* PAST RESULTS ****************************** Democratic Primary Gore 214,541 77%, LaRouche 15,465 6% Other 48,521 17% June 6, 2000 Turnout 278,527 Republican Primary Bush 171,077 84%, Keyes 23,394 12% Uncommitted 8,608 4% June 6, 2000 Turnout 203,079 Gen Election 2000 Bush 941,173 57%, Gore 692,611 41% Nader 18,323 1% Other 14,165, Turnout 1,666,272 Republican Primary Dole 160,097 76%, Buchanan 33,409 16%, Keyes 7,354 3%, June 4, 1996 Other 11,073 5%, Turnout 211,933 Gen Election 1996 Dole 769,044 50.1%, Clinton 662,165 43.2%, Perot 92,149 6.0%, Other 10,991, Turnout 1,534,349 1 ALABAMA ********************** CBS NEWS EXIT POLL RESULTS *********************** 6/2/92 Dem Prim Brown Clinton Uncm Total 7% 68 20 Male (49%) 9% 66 21 Female (51%) 6% 70 20 Lib (27%) 9% 76 13 Mod (48%) 7% 70 20 Cons (26%) 4% 56 31 18-29 (13%) 10% 70 16 30-44 (29%) 10% 61 24 45-59 (29%) 6% 69 21 60+ (30%) 4% 74 19 White (76%) 7% 63 24 Black (23%) 5% 86 8 Union (26%)
    [Show full text]
  • Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act Joint Hearing Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives
    EMMETT TILL UNSOLVED CIVIL RIGHTS CRIME ACT JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION, CIVIL RIGHTS, AND CIVIL LIBERTIES AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON H.R. 923 JUNE 12, 2007 Serial No. 110–31 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://judiciary.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 36–017 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 16:21 Sep 05, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 H:\WORK\CONST\061207\36017.000 HJUD1 PsN: DOUGA COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY JOHN CONYERS, JR., Michigan, Chairman HOWARD L. BERMAN, California LAMAR SMITH, Texas RICK BOUCHER, Virginia F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., JERROLD NADLER, New York Wisconsin ROBERT C. SCOTT, Virginia HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina MELVIN L. WATT, North Carolina ELTON GALLEGLY, California ZOE LOFGREN, California BOB GOODLATTE, Virginia SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas STEVE CHABOT, Ohio MAXINE WATERS, California DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California MARTIN T. MEEHAN, Massachusetts CHRIS CANNON, Utah WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts RIC KELLER, Florida ROBERT WEXLER, Florida DARRELL ISSA, California LINDA T. SA´ NCHEZ, California MIKE PENCE, Indiana STEVE COHEN, Tennessee J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia HANK JOHNSON, Georgia STEVE KING, Iowa LUIS V. GUTIERREZ, Illinois TOM FEENEY, Florida BRAD SHERMAN, California TRENT FRANKS, Arizona TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin LOUIE GOHMERT, Texas ANTHONY D.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Lesson Plan
    CHALLENGES TO THE MOVEMENT ESSENTIAL QUESTION ACTIVITIES What significant turning points affected the momentum of the Civil Rights Movement and challenged Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s leadership from 1965 to 1968? 2 Do-Now: Opening Exercises LESSON OVERVIEW At any moment a variety of individuals or events can emerge that change the direction and 2 Analyzing: Sourcing evolution of a social movement or challenge its ability to achieve its goals. For example, the leadership and/or constituents of a movement can strategically plan a gathering, march, or 3 Analyzing Film as Text protest or take a public stance to increase awareness and visibility and demonstrate their ongoing commitment for change. At other times external factors out of the control of the 4 Close View of Interview movement can emerge and undermine the mission, success of a campaign, or threaten the Threads health and well-being of the movement’s leadership. 5 Research and Corroborate In this lesson, students will focus on two significant and often overlooked challenges within the Civil Rights Movement and to Dr. King’s leadership of the Southern Christian Leadership 5 Closing Discussion Conference (SCLC). One challenge was strategic: Dr, King’s decision to take a public stand Questions against the war in Vietnam; and the other was external: the FBI’s ongoing surveillance of Dr. King and many leaders in the Civil Rights Movement. 6 Homework or Extended Learning By learning about the strategic and external factors that can challenge a movement’s success and momentum, students will apply their history- reading skills of sourcing, HANDOUTS contextualization, and corroboration, and broaden their skills and use of close reading strategies by analyzing historical images, documentary film, and first-person interviews 7 Timeline: King in the alongside the transcript.
    [Show full text]
  • Note: This Rough Transcription Has Some Points Where the Names
    Note: This rough transcription has some points where the names, places and events are difficult to hear or understand, and most of them were marked with asterisks or ellipsis. Interviewee: Cleveland Sellers, Jr: Transcript author: Hongqiao “Ted” Li Date transcript finished: 2018/3/22 Video 19527 Location: anonymous office Visuals: CS sitting in the office CS: …Really been in full, eh, eh, control of your faculties to know that the danger that you’re in sometimes and the kind of situation you put yourself in. That, that might be …side of that. But eh, people, people have said that, you know, we, we thought it was normal, that’s the positive, the strength, we didn’t see it to be extraordinary, and, and even during that period, when, when folk(s) were …on kind of walking onto the stage of history, they never registered that, what was going on, it was another day’s work, it was another um, object that you had to reach, and another goal you had to achieve, and that’s the way people looked at it. DM: And I look at it, it, it, is these guys. And correct me maybe if I’m wrong, I, I kind of think maybe you look at the people of Mississippi who had to live there, face that, and, and stood up. You look that, that were the bravest people in the world. CS: That’s right, absolutely, absolutely, all the time. I mean, that’s well,… and, and many of the organizers who were indigenous to Mississippi, were just extremely, extraordinary people.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Rights Legacy Itinerary
    Group Contract Tour: The Struggle Towards Equality: The Civil Rights Movement Past & Present Dates: September 23-29, 2021 March 20-26, 2022; September 18-24, 2022 Included: 6 nights’ accommodation as per itinerary or similar 1 expert guide throughout Private bus transportation Meals as per itinerary Entrances, sites, and honorariums for speakers1 US-based customer service representative Not included: Airfare Arrival/departure airport transfers Travel insurance-HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Single Supplement - $795 Meals not mentioned in the itinerary Gratuities Anything not explicitly mentioned in the included section Pricing: 15+ Paying Participants - $2,995 Overview: The “deep south” plays a leading part in the history of race relations in the United States. Many here take great pride in a unique heritage marked by “southern hospitality” and industriousness. Yet, so many of the region’s contributions to American prosperity were achieved through slavery or despite legal frameworks for segregation persisting into the 1960’s. As local communities grapple with difficult lessons of the past, many issues around race remain unresolved. The struggle for Civil Rights was staged across the south, but the pursuit of justice continues across the country. 1 Subject to confirmation based on availability Itinerary: Day 1: Arrival - Birmingham, Alabama Arrive in Birmingham, Alabama and transfer to your hotel (on own). Meet your expert guide in the lobby of your hotel and set the stage for your civil rights legacy tour with a visit to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, an interpretive museum that depicts the struggles of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. Explore the story of a persecuted people and their ongoing movement toward justice and equality.
    [Show full text]