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Armiero, Marco. a Rugged Nation: Mountains and the Making of Modern Italy
The White Horse Press Full citation: Armiero, Marco. A Rugged Nation: Mountains and the Making of Modern Italy. Cambridge: The White Horse Press, 2011. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/3501. Rights: All rights reserved. © The White Horse Press 2011. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism or review, no part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying or recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the publishers. For further information please see http://www.whpress.co.uk. A Rugged Nation Marco Armiero A Rugged Nation Mountains and the Making of Modern Italy: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries The White Horse Press Copyright © Marco Armiero First published 2011 by The White Horse Press, 10 High Street, Knapwell, Cambridge, CB23 4NR, UK Set in 11 point Adobe Garamond Pro Printed by Lightning Source All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism or review, no part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying or recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-874267-64-5 But memory is not only made by oaths, words and plaques; it is also made of gestures which we repeat every morning of the world. And the world we want needs to be saved, fed and kept alive every day. -
The Earthquake of the 30 October 1930
1 The source of the 30 October 1930, Mw 5.8, Senigallia (central Italy) earthquake: a 2 convergent solution from instrumental, macroseismic and geological data 3 4 Paola Vannoli1*, Gianfranco Vannucci2, Fabrizio Bernardi1, Barbara Palombo1, Graziano Ferrari2 5 6 7 (1) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione Roma 1, Via di Vigna Murata, 605, I- 8 00143, Rome, Italy 9 (2) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Bologna, Via Donato Creti, 12, I- 10 40127, Bologna, Italy 11 12 * Corresponding author 13 14 15 Electronic Supplement collects methods, data and elaborations to make transparent the 16 seismotectonic characterization. In particular it provides a short description of the method used 17 for moment tensor computation, all the available focal mechanisms, the list of the available 18 stations, with specification of those used or not used for hypocenter and moment tensor 19 computation, maps of seismic flux showing areas of larger energy release, and detailed maps of 20 the uncertainties for each realization of the macroseismic epicenter. 21 22 1 23 Abstract 24 25 On 30 October 30 1930 a Mw 5.8 earthquake hit the northern Marche coastal area (central 26 Italy), causing significant damage (Io VIII-IX degree MCS) along a 40 km stretch of the Adriatic 27 coast between Pesaro and Ancona centered on the town of Senigallia. This area is characterized 28 by relatively infrequent and moderate-size earthquakes and by elusive active faults. In spite of 29 the presence of well-known NW-SE trending, NE verging fault-propagation folds forming the 30 outer thrusts of the Apennines, the current state of activity and the kinematics of these coastal 31 structures is still controversial. -
Stress Interaction Between Seismic and Volcanic Activity at Mt Etna
Geophys. J. Int. (2006) 164, 697–718 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02824.x Stress interaction between seismic and volcanic activity at Mt Etna Nathalie Feuillet,1,∗ Massimo Cocco,1 Carla Musumeci2 and Concetta Nostro3 1Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Department of Seismology and Tectonophysics, Rome, Italy 2Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy 3Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Centro Nazionale Terremoti, Rome, Italy Accepted 2005 October 5. Received 2005 September 17; in original form 2004 September 6 SUMMARY Mt Etna lies on the footwall of a large normal fault system, which cuts the eastern coast of Sicily and crosses the volcano eastern flank. These faults are responsible for both large magnitude historical earthquakes and smaller damaging seismic events, closer to the volcano. We investigate here the two-way mechanical coupling between such normal faults and Mt Etna through elastic stress transfer. The comparison between eruptive sequences and historical seismicity reveals that the large earthquakes which struck the eastern Sicily occurred after long periods of activity along the Mt Etna rift zone. The larger the erupted lava volumes, the stronger the earthquake. The smaller earthquakes located on the eastern flank of the volcano occur during periods of rift zone eruptions. We point out that the seismicity rates are well correlated with the rate of erupted lava. By modelling elastic stress changes caused by earthquakes and eruptions cks in a 3-D elastic half-space, we investigate their interaction. Earthquake dislocations create ro a vertical stress gradient along fissures oriented perpendicular to the minimum compressive stress and compress shallow reservoirs beneath the volcano. -
Active Faulting and Related Tsunamis in Eastern Sicily and South-Western Calabria
Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata Vol. 48, n. 2, pp. 163-184; June 2007 Active faulting and related tsunamis in eastern Sicily and south-western Calabria C. MONACO and L. TORTORICI Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università di Catania, Italy (Received: July 31, 2006; accepted: December 22, 2006) ABSTRACT The Calabrian arc and eastern Sicily are currently affected by large earthquakes and by an intense volcanic activity, related to ESE-WNW trending extensional tectonics. The main regional feature is given by a prominent normal fault belt (the Siculo- Calabrian rift zone) that runs more or less continuously for a total length of about 370 km along the inner side of the Calabrian arc, extending through the Messina Straits along the Ionian coast of Sicily as far as the Hyblean Plateau. The normal faults are characterized by a very young morphology and they control both the major mountain ranges of the region (Catena Costiera, Sila, Serre, Aspromonte, Peloritani, Hyblean Plateau), and the coastline of southern Calabria and eastern Sicily. The distinct fault segments are responsible for the large earthquakes (M~7) that have occurred in this region as the seismic sequences of 1783 in southern Calabria and of 1693 in eastern Sicily, and the 1905 (Monteleone) and 1908 (Messina) earthquakes. These events were caused by slip on 30-40 km long normal fault segments located mainly offshore that also generated the largest tsunamis ever in southern Italy. 1. Introduction The most common cause of a tsunami is the displacement of the crust along active fault segments during underwater earthquakes which can impart high-potential energy to the overlying water column (Bryant, 2001). -
Active Tectonics in the Messina Straits and Surroundings: Preliminary Results from the TAORMINA-2006 Seismic Cruise A
Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 9, 02982, 2007 SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU2007-A-02982 © European Geosciences Union 2007 Active tectonics in the Messina Straits and surroundings: preliminary results from the TAORMINA-2006 seismic cruise A. Argnani (1), and the TAORMINA-2006 TEAM (1) Geologia Marina, ISMAR-CNR, Bologna, Italy, ([email protected] / Phone: +39 051 6398886) The research activity carried out during the TAORMINA-2006 cruise aimed at inves- tigating the seismotectonics of the Messina Straits and surrounding regions within the frame of a project funded by the National Civil Protection Agency. Special attention has been payed to verify the occurrence of the Taormina Fault, which might represent a potentially large seismic gap, but that has not been documented, so far. The study area is tectonically active, as indicated by GPS velocities and uplifted ma- rine terraces, and is the site of the large 1908 Messina earthquake. However, in spite of its hazard potential, geophysical surveys purposedly devised to investigate the neo- tectonic features are lacking. In order to bridge this gap we carried out a multichannel seismic survey aimed at defining the structural pattern of the Messina Straits and sur- roundings. A seismic survey, totalling about 700 km of profiles, has been carried out with two different systems, a 48-channel 600 m long streamer and a 24-channel 120 m long streamer, according to the operation conditions. Multibeam and Chirp Sonar data have been acquired during the seismic survey, and independently in selected areas. Some preliminary results have relevance on the seismotectonics of the study area: i) the Taormina Fault is supposed to trend NNE-SSW along the coast of Sicily, be- tween Taormina and Messina. -
Graziano Ferrari
CURRICULUM VITAE G RAZIANO F ERRARI INFORMAZIONI PERSONALI Nome FERRARI GRAZIANO Data di nascita 13 GIUGNO 1952 Qualifica Dirigente di Ricerca Amministrazione Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, via D. Creti 12, 40128 Bologna Incarico attuale Responsabile Unità Funzionale Sismos del Centro Nazionale Terremoti - Roma Numero telefonico dell’ufficio +39 051 4151442 – +39 06 51860629 Fax dell’ufficio +39 051 4151498 E-mail istituzionale [email protected] TITOLI DI STUDIO E PROFESSIONALI ED ESPERIENZE LAVORATIVE Titolo di studio Laurea in Fisica presso l’Università di Bologna con 110/110 e lode Esperienze professionali 2010 – 2012 Responsabile di una unità del progetto Global Instrumental (incarichi Seismic Catalog in seno al Global Earthquake Model (GEM). Ricoperti) 2008 – 2010 Coordinatore del Transnational access TA3 del progetto NERIES della Commissione Europea; 2008 – Responsabile della strumentazione storica sismologica e meteorologica dell’INGV 2008 – Responsabile dell’Unità Funzionale SISMOS; 2007 – Dirigente di Ricerca dell’INGV; 2006 – 2008 Responsabile dell coordinamento delle attività relative alla definizione della pericolosità sismica locale e territoriale del progetto Carta del Rischio del Patrimonio Culturale – Dati sulla vulnerabilità e pericolosità sismica del patrimonio culturale della Regione Siciliana e della Regione Calabria Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, Dipartimento per la Ricerca l’Innovazione e l’Organizzazione – Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione e il Restauro. 2003 – 2009 Promotore -
Seismic Strain and Seismogenic Stress Regimes in the Crust of the Southern Tyrrhenian Region
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com R Earth and Planetary Science Letters 213 (2003) 97^112 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Seismic strain and seismogenic stress regimes in the crust of the southern Tyrrhenian region G. Neri a;Ã, G. Barberi b, B. Orecchio a, A. Mostaccio b a Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita' di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy b Istituto Nazionale di Geo¢sica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy Received 7 January 2003; received in revised form 12 March 2003; accepted 19 May 2003 Abstract An investigation has been performed to identify and characterize the seismic deformation zones active over the last decades in the region of Italy that has experienced the strongest seismicity during the last centuries. The study is based on the estimate of hypocenter locations, fault plane solutions, seismogenic stress and seismic strain tensor orientations carried out using the entire dataset of the national and local seismic networks, and the recently improved three- dimensional (3D) crustal velocity model of the study area. A series of simulation tests have been performed to evaluate the significance of the earthquake space distribution obtained and whether it was influenced by network geometry problems related to the sea and the lack of ocean bottom seismometers. In the sectors where hypocentral location was synthetically proved to be reliable, space distributions of earthquakes located with epicenter and focal depth errors less than 3 and 4 km, respectively, have been compared with local geology in order to identify seismogenic faults. The dataset of 32fault plane solutions estimated with fault parameter errors less than 20‡has been used to investigate space variations of seismogenic stress and seismic strain orientations over the study area. -
Relazione Geologica, Geomorfologica, Idrogeologica E
COMMITTENTE: PROGETTAZIONE: DIREZIONE TECNICA U.O. GEOLOGIA, GESTIONE TERRE E BONIFICHE PROGETTO DEFINITIVO ITINERARIO NAPOLI-BARI RADDOPPIO TRATTA CANCELLO – BENEVENTO II LOTTO FUNZIONALE FRASSO TELESINO – VITULANO 2° LOTTO FUNZIONALE TELESE – SAN LORENZO RELAZIONE GEOLOGICA, GEOMORFOLOGICA ED IDROGEOLOGICA SCALA: - COMMESSA LOTTO FASE ENTE TIPO DOC. OPERA/DISCIPLINA PROGR. REV. I F 0 H 2 2 D 6 9 R G G E 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 B X Rev. Descrizione Redatto Data Verificato Data Approvato Data Autorizzato Data A Emissione esecutiva S. Romano giu. 2017 A. Salvagnini giu. 2017 F. Cerrone giu. 2017 F. Marchese ott. 2017 S. Romano B Emissione esecutiva ott. 2017 A. Salvagnini ott. 2017 F. Cerrone ott. 2017 File: IF0H 22 D69 RG GE0001 001 B.docx n. Elab 2L 008 ITINERARIO NAPOLI-BARI RADDOPPIO TRATTA CANCELLO – BENEVENTO II LOTTO FUNZIONALE FRASSO TELESINO – VITULANO 2° LOTTO FUNZIONALE TELESE – SAN LORENZO COMMESSA LOTTO CODIFICA DOCUMENTO REV. FOGLIO RELAZIONE GEOLOGICA, GEOMORFOLOGICA ED IDROGEOLOGICA IF0H 22 D 69 RG GE 00 01 001 B 2 di 164 INDICE 1 PREMESSA .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2 SCOPO DEL DOCUMENTO ............................................................................................................................................... 6 3 DOCUMENTI DI RIFERIMENTO ..................................................................................................................................... -
Deliverable 5
NEtwork of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology Deliverable D5 The European Earthquake Catalogue (1000-1600), demo version Part 1 – The NA4 Calibration Initiative (april 2009) Activity: Distributed Archive of Historical Earthquake Data Activity number: NA4 Deliverable: The Europena Earthquake Catalogue (1000- 1600), demo version. Part 1, The NA4 Calibration Initiative Deliverable number: D5 Responsible activity leader: Massimiliano Stucchi Responsible participant: INGV Author: A.A. Gomez Capera, C. Meletti, R. Musson and M. Stucchi with the collaboration of S. Alvarez Rubio, J. Batllo, A. Cassera, V. D’Amico, D. Faeh, M. Locati, C. Mirto, C. Papaioannou, A. Rovida, C. Ventouzi, P. Gasperini, O. Scotti and D. Giardini reviewed by W. Bakun, june 2009 Sixth Framework Programme EC project number: 026130 NA4 Distributed Archive of Historical Earthquake Data Index 0. Introduction 1. Methods and software 2. Calibration: input data 3. Calibration: procedures and results 4. Validation: data 5. Validation: procedures and results 6. Conclusion References Review by W. Bakun Tables A to F Annexes 1 to 6 Abstract The aim of this initiative was to calibrate, in a homogeneous way, three methods for determining earthquake parameters from macroseismic data, Boxer, Meep, Bakun & Wentworth, in five European areas: Aegean, Iberian, Italian, Great Britain and Switzerland. For each area a dataset of about fifteen earthquakes of the 20th century, selected to cover the largest magnitude range, was compiled according to homogeneous procedures. The Boxer and Meep methods are accompanied by codes which provide calibrated coefficients from the input dataset. The Bakun & Wentworth method requires an intensity attenuation relation as function of the moment magnitude and hypocentral distance. -
Marine Geology in the Region of the Messina Straits, and a Puzzling Tale of Faults, Earthquakes and Tsunamis
Marine Geology in the Region of the Messina Straits, and a Puzzling Tale of Faults, Earthquakes and Tsunamis A. Argnani Institute of Marine Sciences, CNR, Bologna, Italy [email protected] Abstract The Straits of Messina is one of the most tectonically active areas of the Mediter- ranean, and has been the site of the destructive 1908 Messina earthquake. In spite of the hazard potential of this marine area, studies based on modern geophysical data are still lacking. A marine multichannel seismic survey was purposely carried out with the aim to outline the fault pattern in the area of the Messina 1908 earth- quake, and to better understand its significance within the tectonic frame of the re- gion. Within the Messina Straits, faults have been imaged on the Calabrian side, with a 30 km long NW-trending fault, located at the SW tip of Calabria, that is affecting the sea floor, whereas we did not image any extensional fault plane attributable to the Taormina Fault, on the Sicilian side of the straits. The geodynamic implication is that extension in south-eastern Sicily, on the Ionian side of the Hyblean Plateau, and extension in southern Calabria and Messina Straits belong to two different tec- tonic systems and, therefore, cannot be mechanically linked. Finally, the damages produced by the1908 ground shaking were aggravated by the effects of a remarkable tsunami, with up to 11 m of run-up height, that followed the earthquake. The origin of the tsunami associated with the 1908 earthquake is not yet fully understood, but geological and geophysical evidences substantially undermine a recent proposal that the 1908 tsunami originated by a large landslide offshore Giardini Naxos. -
The 28 December 1908, Messina Straits Earthquake (MW 7.1): a Great Earthquake Through a Century of Seismology
The 28 December 1908, Messina Straits earthquake (MW 7.1): A great earthquake through a century of seismology Nicola Alessandro Pino, Alessio Piatanesi, Gianluca Valensise and Enzo Boschi Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy Abstract The MW 7.1, 28 December 1908, Messina Straits earthquake has been the deadliest earthquake in recent European history and also one of the first to be investigated with modern instrumental data. Throughout a full century, in parallel with the evolution of seismology as a research discipline, scientists from all over the world confronted the complexity and elusiveness of its source and the diversity of its effects on buildings and on the environment. Investigations of the 1908 earthquake went through three distinct phases. In the first phase (1909-late 1970s) all available observations were used to derive the main source parameters with simplified methods, starting with determinations of the epicenter from free-falling bodies. In the second phase (early 1980s) all data were reconsidered with modern methods involving extensive computer modeling, which described the seismic source based largely on the distribution of elevation changes due to the earthquake. In the third phase (since 2000), state-of-the-art seismological approaches (such as waveform modeling, joint inversion of seismological and geodetic data, dating of paleotsunami deposit) are being used to shed light on the more debated aspects of the event, such as the exact origin of the tsunami. This paper summarizes the full evolutionary path of these investigations, pointing out misconceptions, major achievements and turning points, and discusses the established vs. the debated facts in the understanding of the earthquake causative source. -
Il Terremoto Irpino Del 1930: Caratteristiche Della Sorgente Sismica Da Simulazioni Numeriche Del Processo Di Frattura
GNGTS – Atti del 19° Convegno Nazionale / 10.09 A. Emolo (1), A. Gorini (2), G. Iannaccone (3) e A. Zollo (1) (1) Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università degli Studi “Federico II”, Napoli (2) Servizio Sismico Nazionale, Roma (3) Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli IL TERREMOTO IRPINO DEL 1930: CARATTERISTICHE DELLA SORGENTE SISMICA DA SIMULAZIONI NUMERICHE DEL PROCESSO DI FRATTURA Riassunto. In questo lavoro sono rivisitate le caratteristiche di sorgente del terremoto irpino del 23 luglio1930 (IMAX=X) utilizzando la metodologia proposta da Zollo et al. (1997) per simulare le accelerazioni del moto. Le stime dell’accelerazione teorica ottenute dalle simulazioni numeriche sono state poi convertite in valori di intensità macrosismica mediante la relazione di Trifunac e Brady (1975) e confrontate (entro l’incertezza di una deviazione standard) con i valori disponibili da catalogo (Camassi e Stucchi, 1998). I risultati delle simulazioni mostrano che una faglia di dimensioni 25×12 km2, caratterizzata da un meccanismo normale, orientata in direzione appenninica e immergente di un angolo pari a 55° in direzione SW e con momento sismico di 5.6×1025 dyne⋅cm sembra ben riprodurre l’estensione areale del campo di intensità macrosismica. Tale faglia deve infine essere traslata di circa 10 km verso SW rispetto alle localizzazioni del terremoto irpino del 1930 note dalla letteratura al fine di rendere minimo lo scarto tra i valori di intensità macrosismica disponibili da catalogo e quelli calcolati in base ai valori di accelerazione simulati negli stessi punti. THE 1930 IRPINIA EARTHQUAKE: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEISMIC SOURCE FROM NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE RUPTURE PROCESS Abstract. We use the method proposed by Zollo et al.