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Neurons and Nudibranchs Wt-Z - R 5/09 'J-M i Neurons and Nudibranchs wt-z - r.:.. SOME STEEL IS MORE AMBITIOUS THAN OTHERS. Only Rolex uses 904L steel for its steel watch cases. 904L is a super alloy usually reserved for the chemical industry, where maximum resistance against corrosion is essential. Corrosion resistance stems from 904L's higher chromium content, which forms a thin, impervious barrier on the alloy's .surface when exposed to oxygen. In the event of a scratch, the chromium oxide barrier fills and protects it immediately, effectively reducing the scratch's propensity to corrode. 904L steel is so hard that Rolex even had to develop special equipment to machine it. A mighty 250-ton press is necessary just to stamp out a single Oyster case from a solid block of 904L. When it comes to ensuring the lasting beauty of your watch, no measure is too extreme for Rolex. Discover more at rolex.com OYSTER PERPETUAL MILGAUSS ROLEX GRAN OFFICIAL ROLEX JEWELER CALL I -800-367-6539. ROLEX * OYSTER PERPETUAL AND MILGAUSS ARE TRADEMARKS. N EW YORK m- •< - K»~(:f^5-x*¥5«^-5r'4,'-9f/B«»*C5.A---..'>J -- ^; ':- FE ATU RES ER STORY 36 BRAINS OF BEAUTIES 42 RATIONAL FEAR The swimming styles of sea slugs Human populations in eastern demonstrate how malleable Africa put pressure on lions— neural circuitry can be. and suffer the consequences. BY PAUL S. KATZ BY CRAIG PACKER AND JAMES N. NEWCOMB m ^ D E PARTM E NTS 2 THE NATURAL MOMENT 52 THIS LAND Daddy's Brood On Heron Pond Photograph by Glen Threlfo Robert H. Mohlenbrock 6 WORD EXCHANGE 54 BOOKSHELF Laurence A. Marschall 6 nature.net Wanderlust 58 SKYLOG Robert Anderson Joe Rao 10 SAMPLINGS 60 AT THE MUSEUM News from Nature 64 ENDPAPER 16 PERSPECTIVES Frozen Treasures In Science We Trust Dorothy Harley Eber Paul Bloom 48 GEOSCAPES A Shot In the Dark ON THE cover: Meilbs leonia amid Benjamin von Cramon eel grass In the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Washington. Photograph by Jan Koclan THE NATURAL MOMENT DADDY'S BROOD Photograph by Glen Threlfo May 2009 N " .KY 1 3 — ^ See preceding two pages THE NATURAL EXPLANATION BY ERIN ESPELIE When Australian birdI expert Glen Threlfo spot- ted a male comb- crested jacana > {Irediparra gallinacea) preparing a nest on the pads of a lotus pond in the North- ern Territory, he decided to build a "skybox" to watch the action unfold. He plopped an old wooden table in the shallow water, insects and pond veggies, navigating placed atop it a big cardboard box the lilies on their own long, un- with a cutout viewing window, and webbed toes. returned to his seat periodically for Threlfo points out that the fa- HERE'S TO EVERY the next several weeks. ther was able to protect the chicks After the hen laid eggs, Threlfo from afar, too: "He makes a shrill TOUGH GUY WHO'S noticed that she flew the coop, so to chirping alarm, and all the chicks NOT AFRAID TO SHOW speak, and "wandered around feed- dive under a lily leaf and just poke ing, with no interest in the nest or their little beaks out for breathing." HIS SOFTER YET the offspring." (On larger ponds or They only surfaced at the sight of EQUALLY TOUGH SIDE. billabongs—seasonal water holes their father's form, come to rescue a female will sometimes mate with them—never at the sight of a curi- as many as four different males and ous, looming Threlfo. spend her time fighting intrusive females.) Instead the male took on The jacana triplets live in Kakadu all caretaking duties, as most jacana I National Park, a cultural and nat- fathers do. He incubated the eggs for ural World Heritage site in the trop- about two weeks, scooping them up ics of northern Australia. Local Ab- under his wings and moving them if original leaders recently squelched the flimsy nest sank slightly. the plans of a mining company to Upon hatching, the chicks im- dig up the 4 billion dollars' worth of mediately nestled under their father's uranium deposits surrounding Ka- wings, a refuge they continued to kadu. The area's 1,700 plant species, use for many days—for instance, dozens of unusual mammals (some whenever a hawk or raven appeared. in dire straits already), and 280 spe- (Note the two pairs of legs dan- cies of bird—roughly one-third of gling from the father's wings in the Australia's bird species—will cer- photograph above.) But with every tainly benefit from such under-the- passing day they foraged farther for wing care. '!&. Although Glen Threlfo dabbles in still photography, he *-<S: specializes in filmmaking. He worked on a documen- tary for BBC TV on Queensland rainforest bowerbirds ^# (shown on PBS's NOVA in the United States), and just recently helped to produce, with filmmaker David a — Warth, wide-screen documentary called Rainforest J"- I the Secret of Life for the Australian national broadcaster ABC TV. Threlfo also works as a guide for birders in Lamington National Park in Queensland, Australia. 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Email: [email protected] , WORD EXCHANGE nature.net by robert anderson WANDERLUST Live and Let Live Richard King's article, "To Kill a J. HfflM^ Cormorant" [3/09], brings to light the fact that man is everywhere a ViTTORfo Maestko EiMtoY ill Chief disturbing agent, and that human Steven R. Black Art Director overpopulation is bringing planet Erin Espelie Executive Editor Earth to its knees. Our own survival Senior Editors depends upon cooperation with So far as humans know, the world record our Rebecca Kessler, Dolly Setton for longest nonstop flight by a land bird is environment. We humans need to held by E7, a female bar-tailed godwit. In Melisa Beveridge Assistant Ar! Director learn that are not the center Annie Gottlieb we of 2007, as a satellite tracked her, she flew Copy Chief Graciela Flores Editor-a(-Large the natural world. 7,200 miles from Alaska to New Zealand Florence Brauner Volunteer Jim and Ginger Visconti in eight days. The Web site of the U. S. Geological Survey's Alaska Science Center Contributing Editors Monticello, Florida (http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/ Robert Anderson, Olivia Judson, Avis Lang, Charles Liu, Laurence A. Marschall. Richard Milner. shorebirds/barg_updates.html) displays the Robert H. Mohlenbrock, Joe Rao, Stephan Reebs. Erratunn bird's route. With recent improvements in Judy A. Rice, Adam Summers, Neil deCrasse Tyson In "You Can't Hide, Glycolalde- technology, satellite tracking is answering many questions about animal movements hyde" ["Samplings," 3/09], ribose across the globe. Godwits were monitored Charles E. Harris PnhUsher was called "the backbone of RNA." to learn how a deadly bird flu might be Edgar L. Harrison Advertising Director In fact, ribose molecules and phos- transmitted someday, but wildlife managers Maria Volpe Promotion Director phate groups form that backbone. are collecting similar data from birds, SoniaW. Paratore National Advertising Manager Adam Cohen Advertising Manager sea mammals, and fish with an eye to Meredith Miller Production Manager Natural History welcomes correspon- helping far-flung species in decline. For Joe Sharkey Manager, Publishing Services dence froin readers. Letters should be sent via my guide to Web sites exploring migration e-mail to [email protected] or please visit the magazine online (www. For advertising information naturalhistorymag.com). call 646-356-6508 byfax to 646-356-651i. All letters shoidd Advertising Sales Representatives include a daytime telephone number, and all ROBERT ANDERSON is a freelance science writer Detroit—B2vron Media Sales. 313-268-3996 who lives in Los Angeles. LLC. letters may be editedfor length and clarity. 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