DOCSLIB.ORG

Cultural Heritage Values

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cultural Heritage Values SASKRIVERS, OUR HERITAGE-OUR LEGACY FACT SHEET #2 SEPTEMBER, 2012 CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUES Th e South Saskatchewan River and the Saskatchewan River (SaskRivers) were nominated as a Canadian Heritage River by Saskatchewan and Canada in May, 2012. Th e SaskRivers were nominated primarily based on their cultural heritage values, although these are closely linked with its natural heritage and recreation values. Th e cultural heritage values are deemed to be nationally signifi cant and infl uential, and include rare historical and archaeological sites representative of Canada’s history. Th is fact sheet provides a brief overview of the cultural heritage values that were outlined in the nomination document. You’re encouraged to read the full chapter available on the Partners FOR the Saskatchewan River Basin webpage at: www.saskriverbasin.ca click on Heritage Rivers. If you are aware of any additional cultural heritage values not covered in the nomination document and that warrant special recognition please contact us at: [email protected] John Vandall and Ken Lozinsky, Consultants SaskRivers Cultural Heritage - Th e Past Th e cultural heritage values are integrally linked with First Nations and Metis life on the prairie, the fur trade era, the early settlement of Saskatchewan and development of the river: Th e following are only 10 of the many outstanding cultural heritage values found along the river: 1. Archaeological sites of spiritual and ceremonial signifi cance to the nomadic inhabitants of the northern plains for over 8,000 years. Th ese sites include medicine wheels, buff alo jumps Mapping medicine wheel at Wanuskewin. and stone effi gies. Saskatoon Local History Room. LH-5054 2. Major trade and travel routes for First Nations and Metis peoples, the transportation of furs to English traders and western exploration using canoes and later York boats and steamboats. 3. Site of at least 18 fur trading posts including Fort a La Corne, established in 1753 and Cumberland House, established in 1774 by Samuel Hearn and now the oldest permanent settlement in Saskatchewan. 4. Other early explorers of the SaskRivers included: Henry Kelsey (1691); Peter Pond (1775); David Th ompson (1786); Alexander Mackenzie (1793); Peter Fidler (1800); and Henry Youle Hind (1858) who fi rst proposed a dam on the South Saskatchewan River near the existing site of Gardiner Dam. 5. Location of fi rst permanent settlements marking the transition of First Métis river lots at Batoche from Nations and Métis people from a hunting/gathering culture to farming. Th e Métis 1880 to 1899 “Th e First Shot Rang Out”, Duck settlements included St. Laurent, Batoche, Fish Creek, Halcro and Adam’s Crossing. Lake Regional Interpretive Centre 6. Diverse settlement histories associated with seasonal Aboriginal sites; Metis river lots, ranching (e.g Th e Matador Land and Cattle Company Limited), homesteading, the Temperance Colonization Society where Saskatoon is now located and 5 First Nations Reserves. 7. Focal point for the Northwest Resistance of 1885. Two battles between the followers of Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont and the Government of Canada forces took place at Touround’s Coulee/Fish Creek and Batoche. 8. Steamboat transportation of early settlers, equipment, and dignitaries before the arrival of railways. Th e most common route for the steamboats was from Lake Winnipeg to the Forks (just west of Prince Albert) and on to Edmonton. Th e SS Northcote was used as a gunboat during the confl ict at Batoche. Th e Wreck of the City of Medicine Hat, 1908 Saskatoon Local History Room. LH 438 9. Th e South Saskatchewan River Project, completed in 1967, created a 225 km long reservoir, Lake Diefenbaker, which provides water for hydro-electric power generation, agricultural irrigation, community water supplies, fl ood control, industrial development and recreation. 10. A tradition of trapping, hunting and fi shing along the SaskRivers and the Saskatchewan River Delta, the largest active inland delta in North America. SaskRivers Cultural Heritage – Today Th e SaskRivers cultural heritage is intimately linked to life in Saskatchewan now as in the past. Currently the rivers and associated lakes including Diefenbaker, Codette and Tobin Lakes provide: • a clean and reliable water supply for over 50% of Saskatchewan’s population including Saskatoon, Regina and Moose Jaw and irrigation for nearly 10,000 ha. • diverse landscapes and features and a rich history that serves as an inspiration to not only tourists but also to both amateur and professional painters, photographers, poets and musicians. • Sites of paleontological interest where fossil remains are exposed Sagebrush studios and Art Gallery, SW Sask. along the steep walls of the river valley, including a large skeleton of Photo by J. Vandall a mosasaur, a marine reptile, found near Herbert Ferry. • Th e site of numerous events including fi shing derbies, a theatre festival, and “Back to Batoche Days”. • Th e site of historic sites and interpretive centres of provincial and national prominence including Saskatchewan Landing, Meewasin, Wanuskewin, Batoche, and Cumberland House – the oldest community in Saskatchewan • Hunting and fi shing opportunities for Aboriginal use, local sportsmen and outfi tted visitors, including a major waterfowl migration area at Galloway Bay. • Th e opportunity to experience 9 of Saskatchewan’s fl eet of ferries and, in winter, an ice road in southern Saskatchewan at Riverhurst and east of Cumberland House into Manitoba • Th e opportunity for outstanding water-based recreation – canoeing, boating, sailing and fi shing, and associated hiking, hunting and camping at numerous urban, regional and Lemsford Ferry, SW Sask. provincial parks, recreation sites and resort villages. Photo by J. Vandall .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • South Saskatchewan River Watershed Authority Watershed Stewards Inc
    Saskatchewan South Saskatchewan River Watershed Authority Watershed Stewards Inc. Table of Contents 1. Comments from Participants 1 1.1 A message from your Watershed Advisory Committees 1 2. Watershed Protection and You 2 2.1 One Step in the Multi-Barrier Approach to Drinking Water Protection 2 2.2 Secondary Benefits of Protecting Source Water: Quality and Quantity 3 3. South Saskatchewan River Watershed 4 4. Watershed Planning Methodology 5 5. Interests and Issues 6 6. Planning Objectives and Recommendations 7 6.1 Watershed Education 7 6.2 Providing Safe Drinking Water to Watershed Residents 8 6.3 Groundwater Threats and Protection 10 6.4 Gravel Pits 12 6.5 Acreage Development 13 6.6 Landfills (Waste Disposal Sites) 14 6.7 Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Pipelines and Storage 17 6.8 Effluent Releases 18 6.9 Lake Diefenbaker Water Levels and the Operation of Gardiner Dam 20 6.10 Watershed Development 22 6.11 Water Conservation 23 6.12 Stormwater Discharge 23 6.13 Water Quality from Alberta 25 6.14 Agriculture Activities 26 6.15 Fish Migration and Habitat 27 6.16 Role of Fisheries and Oceans Canada in Saskatchewan 28 6.17 Wetland Conservation 29 6.18 Opimihaw Creek Flooding 31 6.19 Federal Lands 32 7. Implementation Strategy 33 8. Measuring Plan Success - The Yearly Report Card 35 9. Conclusion 36 10. Appendices 37 Courtesy of Ducks Unlimited Canada 1. Comments from Participants 1.1 A message from your Watershed Advisory Committees North “Safe drinking water and a good supply of water are important to ALL citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicine Wheels
    The central rock pile was 14 feet high with several cairns spanned out in different directions, aligning to various stars. Astraeoastronomers have determined that one cairn pointed to Capella, the ideal North sky marker hundreds of years ago. At least two cairns aligned with the solstice sunrise, while the others aligned with the rising points of bright stars that signaled the summer solstice 2000 years ago (Olsen, B, 2008). Astrological alignments of the five satellite cairns around the central mound of Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel from research by John A. Eddy Ph.D. National Geographic January 1977. MEDICINE WHEELS Medicine wheels are sacred sites where stones placed in a circle or set out around a central cairn. Researchers claim they are set up according to the stars and planets, clearly depicting that the Moose Mountain area has been an important spiritual location for millennia. 23 Establishing Cultural Connections to Archeological Artifacts Archeologists have found it difficult to establish links between artifacts and specific cultural groups. It is difficult to associate artifacts found in burial or ancient camp sites with distinct cultural practices because aboriginal livelihood and survival techniques were similar between cultures in similar ecosystem environments. Nevertheless, burial sites throughout Saskatchewan help tell the story of the first peoples and their cultures. Extensive studies of archeological evidence associated with burial sites have resulted in important conclusions with respect to the ethnicity of the people using the southeast Saskatchewan region over the last 1,000 years. In her Master Thesis, Sheila Dawson (1987) concluded that the bison culture frequently using this area was likely the Sioux/ Assiniboine people.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Resources
    Relationship with the Land - Resources This map shows one year’s travels of a clan of Amsskaapipikani in the last decade of the nineteenth century. Courtesy of Glenbow Museum Relationship with the Land – Seasonal Round Unit Resource Glenbow Museum Relationship with the Land - Resources Place Names on the Map: 1. Itsiputsimaup – Battle Coulee 2. Katoyissksi – Sweet Grass 3. Aiiyimmikoi – Cypress Hills 4. Pakoki Lake – Pakowki 5. Akaiiniskio – Manyberries 6. Einiotoka’nisi – Buffalo-Bull’s Head 7. Ihkitsitapiksi – Seven Persons 8. Aiiykimmikuyiu – Cypress Hills 9. Nokomis’s – Long Lakes 10. Matokeks oma’nistamoai otsitskiiitapiau – Women’s Society Left their Lodge Pole 11. A’ykomonoasiu – Green Lake 12. A’isinaiypi – Writing on Stone 13. A’kekoksistakskuyi – Women’s Point 14. Ponakiksi – Cut Bank Creek Relationship with the Land – Seasonal Round Unit Resource Glenbow Museum Relationship with the Land - Resources Blackfoot camps were composed of members of an extended family and other people who may have joined the clan. The arrangement of the tipis was not strictly defined in these camps, although all of them faced east. This allowed the morning prayers to travel towards the rising sun, helping it to come above the horizon for another day. Relationship with the Land – Seasonal Round Unit Resource Glenbow Museum Relationship with the Land - Resources Definition of the term – “Seasonal Round” The Blackfoot tribes had an enormous land base they inhabited. Within this territory they had areas where they would travel well over 500 miles during a yearly cycle to hunt, gather and renew religious commitments. Being knowledgeable of their environment and respectful of their gifts from the creator they would carefully select locations or places to travel to in a lifetime.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Lewis and Clark, Pioneering Rangeland Managers? by Richard H
    Historical Lewis and Clark, Pioneering Rangeland Managers? By Richard H. Hart wo hundred years ago, the “Corps of Discovery,” as also support large numbers of domestic livestock. On the the expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and other hand, Steven Long7 and John C. Fremont8 concluded William Clark was formally known, was well into that, although the Great Plains were unfit for crop agricul- the Northern Great Plains. They were not the first ture, they were excellent grazing lands. However, Lewis and TEuro-Americans to enter this region. Henry Kelsey had been Clark’s sighting of large numbers of bison nearly every day on the Saskatchewan River in 1690 or 1691 and described his and of bison on 19 of the 29 days they spent near the Great travels in verse of awkward rhyme and worse meter.1 Pierre Falls of the Missouri casts doubt on the regular migration of Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de la Vèrendrye, reached the bison and the rationale for rotational grazing.9 Mandan villages on the Missouri River in 1738. His sons, Although they frequently mentioned woody vegetation Louis-Joseph and François, traveled up the Missouri from the and the more showy forbs, Lewis and Clark rarely mentioned villages in 1742 and 1743, reaching the mouth of the Teton grass in general, and never, as far as I could find, mentioned a River.2 DeVoto describes several other explorations of the particular species of grass. Perhaps they viewed grass as out- Northern Plains before 1800.3 Representatives of the side the plant kingdom, as Fremont8 apparently did when he Hudson’s Bay Company and the North West Company had recorded “.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate in the Lake Winnipeg Watershed and the Level of Lake Winnipeg
    Climate in the Lake Winnipeg Watershed and the Level of Lake Winnipeg Prepared for the Manitoba Clean Environment Commission Gregory K. McCullough th 6 February 2015 This document has been prepared at the request of the Clean Environment Commission. The main objective are 1) to describe climatic patterns and inflow history to Lake Winnipeg over the 100 years since widespread, continuous meteorological and hydrometric records were initiated in the early 20th century, and to describe climate patterns predicted for the 21st century, and 2) to describe the effects of trends and variability in climate over the watershed on the water level record in the lake. Finally, there is a brief summary of how regulation since the late 1970s has interacted with these historical relationships. Disclosure In my current employment at the University of Manitoba, I conduct scientific research that is partially funded by Manitoba Hydro, including research related to the effects of climate change and hydro-electric regulation on Hudson Bay. However, none of the research described below was supported by funding from Manitoba Hydro. Lake Winnipeg Climate and Regulation 1 Feb 2015 Greg McCullough i Executive summary Over the last century, the total annual inflow to Lake Winnipeg has ranged by almost 4X from 35,000 to 136,000 cfs. The variability of tributary discharge and underlying climate in the watershed happens at four scales: seasonal, year-to-year, multi-decadal, and long term trends. The level of the lake has varied at all of these scales in rough synchrony with the supply of water from its watershed. Based on analyses reported in scientific literature, over the last century, precipitation has increased in the watersheds of the Winnipeg and Red Rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • Perspectives of Blackfoot Confederacy People
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-03-02 Indian Residential Schools: Perspectives of Blackfoot Confederacy People Fox, Terri-Lynn Fox, T.-L. (2021). Indian Residential Schools: Perspectives of Blackfoot Confederacy People (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113142 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Indian Residential Schools: Perspectives of Blackfoot Confederacy People by Terri-Lynn Fox (Aai’piihkwikomotaakii) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH CALGARY, ALBERTA MARCH, 2021 © Terri-Lynn Fox 2021 English Abstract This qualitative research project explored two main themes: the Indian residential school (IRS) settlement agreement for survivors of federally funded and church-run institutions, and the participants’ perspectives (N = 16) on the apology to the survivors and subsequent generations that have been affected. I focus on the First Nation population of southern Alberta, specifically the Blackfoot Confederacy (Siksikaitsitapi). I use a Siksikaitsitapi lens and methodology on their experiences at an IRS, the IRS settlement, the Canadian government’s apology to former students, and the status of reconciliation as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • The Methodists' Great 1869 Camp Meeting and Aboriginal Conservation Strategies in the North Saskatchewan River Valley
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Quarterly Great Plains Studies, Center for 2009 The Methodists' Great 1869 Camp Meeting and Aboriginal Conservation Strategies in The North Saskatchewan River Valley George Colpitts Department of the University of Calgary, in Alberta, Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Colpitts, George, "The Methodists' Great 1869 Camp Meeting and Aboriginal Conservation Strategies in The North Saskatchewan River Valley" (2009). Great Plains Quarterly. 1170. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly/1170 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Quarterly by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE METHODISTS' GREAT 1869 CAMP MEETING AND ABORIGINAL CONSERVATION STRATEGIES IN THE NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER VALLEY GEORGE COLPITTS George McDougall, chairman of the Methodist gent of Wesleyan Methodists and their Native Missions to the Indians of the Northwest affiliates from Fort Edmonton, Pigeon Lake, Territories, kept a large, black book in which he Lac Ste. Anne, Lac La Biche, and Whitefish jotted sermon notes, references to classical and Lake-all located on the most northern and biblical literature and sometimes simply his itin­ westerly fringes of the northern Great Plains. eraries by horseback from Victoria, the primary Their expedition and other hunts joined by Methodist mission in the far British northwest. Protestant or Roman Catholic missions help Under the "s" tab and labeled "Saskatchewan," identify some of the strategies of competition he noted repeatedly in the 1860s the food crisis and cooperation emerging in the western boreal facing North Saskatchewan residents.
    [Show full text]
  • September 16, 2019 (Updated Web Links February 7, 2020) 1 Proposed
    Proposed Nutrient Concentration Objectives and Loading Targets for the Red River at the US/Canada Boundary International Red River Board – Water Quality Committee Background Excessive nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and resulting increase in the frequency and severity of algal blooms is one of the greatest water quality challenges facing the international Red River watershed and downstream Lake Winnipeg. While all jurisdictions within the watershed have various regulatory frameworks, as well as plans and approaches to reduce the contribution of nutrients to water, the development of an enhanced, coordinated, and systematic strategy is desirable. Since September 2011, with the support of the International Joint Commission (including through the International Watershed Initiatives funding), the International Red River Board’s Water Quality Committee has been undertaking work to address nutrients in the Red River. The mission is to develop a collaborative, science and watershed-based approach to managing nutrients in the Red River and its watershed with the goal of restoring and protecting aquatic ecosystem health and water uses in the Red River watershed and Lake Winnipeg. The strategy has a number of guiding principles: Efforts, decisions and outcomes will be based on and supported by scientifically defensible methods and research. An integrated watershed perspective and approach will be used in priority setting and decision making. Coordinated, cooperative and collaborative processes will be used where appropriate and desirable. Notwithstanding, it is understood that jurisdictional independence will be maintained and that jurisdictional participation is voluntary. The strategy and its objectives will be goal/outcome based with particular focus on the protection and/or restoration of aquatic ecosystems and water uses.
    [Show full text]
  • 37 the "Bowrey" Dictionary and Henry Kelsey H. Christoph Wolfart
    37 The "Bowrey" Dictionary and Henry Kelsey H. Christoph Wolfart University of Manitoba David H. Pentland University of Calgary The collections of the British Museum include what appears to be the earliest substantial document of Cree: a pamphlet of seven pages in folio, without any overt indication of author, date or place of printing. The only explicit iden­ tification is the title: A Dictionary of the Hudson's-Bay Indian Language. Thomas Bowrey This dictionary of approximately 600 entries has long been associated with the name of Thomas Bowrey. For Algonquian- ists, the most important citation is that of Pilling (1891: 54-55) who, if he had any doubts about the dictionary's authorship, expresses them only by the explicit mention of his sources: Ludewig's Literature of American Aboriginal Languages of 1858 which, he claims erroneously, followed the Bibliotheca Britannica of Robert Watt, published in 1824. Bowrey also appears as the author in most general biblio­ graphies, notably Sabin's Dictionary of Books Relating to America (vol. 2, 1869) and both editions (1956, 1973) of Peel's Bibliography of the Prairie Provinces. Apart from a few oblique remarks, Algonquianists have ignored the Dictionary of the Hudson's-Bay Indian Language, and not even its presumed author—otherwise unknown in early North America—appears to have elicited much interest. The only question about Bowrey's authorship was raised by the editor of his papers (Temple 1905:xli) who concludes rather diffidently that "if the Dictionary ... were really the work of Bowrey, then he must also have voyaged to North America." Thomas Bowrey was a "free merchant" whose life spanned many voyages to India (mainly between 1669 and 1679) and a number of European enterprises.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Shell Study Guide and Timeline
    Study Guide and Timeline for A Montana Tribal Histories Project Book Ofce of Public Instruction Division of Indian Education Study Guide and Timeline for A Montana Tribal Histories Project Book Written by Dr. Nicholas Vrooman Published by the Montana Ofce of Public Instruction 2015 Table of Contents Overview 1 Content Standards Connections 2 Conceptual Framework 3 Summation of “One Robe” Synopsis 4 Student Activities 5 #1 Getting to Know the Book 5 #2 The Historian’s Craft: Interpretive Analysis – Model 1 Activity 7 #3 The Historian’s Craft: Interpretive Analysis – Model 2 Activity 8 #4 The Historian’s Craft: Interpretive Analysis – Model 3 Activity 9 Exhibit #1 10 Exhibit #2 10 “One Robe” detailed Synopsis 13 Preface 13 Introduction 14 The Context 16 Traditional Historic Homeland 17 The Nehiyaw Pwat 19 Conclusion 20 Chronology of Little Shell Tribe History in Montana 23 Primary Source Materials 58 Exhibit #1 58 Exhibit #2 59 Notes 60 A Montana Tribal Histories Project Book Overview Note: The terms Aboriginal, American Indian, Indian, Indigenous and Native American are used throughout this guide when referring to issues that impact all Indian Nations/Peoples. Please accept, with our compliments, this study guide designed to accompany the Montana Tribal Histories Project book, “The Whole Country was . ‘One Robe’”: The Little Shell Tribe’s America. The “One Robe” book is about the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana, a disfranchised society of indigenous North Americans known as “Landless Indians.” But, more fully and accurately, this book is about those Aboriginal peoples who live along what became the Canada and United States border between Lake of the Woods (MN) and the Rocky Mountains (MT) who did not ft as part of either national project in the reconfguration of the North American West.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality in the South SK River Basin
    Water Quality in the South SK River Basin I AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER BASIN I.1 The Saskatchewan River Basin The South Saskatchewan River joins the North Saskatchewan River to form one of the largest river systems in western Canada, the Saskatchewan River System, which flows from the headwater regions along the Rocky Mountains of south-west Alberta and across the prairie provinces of Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). The Prairie physiographic region is characterized by rich soils, thick glacial drift and extensive aquifer systems, and a consistent topography of broad rolling hills and low gradients which create isolated surface wetlands. In contrast, the headwater region of the Saskatchewan River (the Western Cordillera physiographic region) is dominated by thin mineral soils and steep topography, with highly connected surface drainage systems and intermittent groundwater contributions to surface water systems. As a result, the Saskatchewan River transforms gradually in its course across the provinces: from its oxygen-rich, fast flowing and highly turbid tributaries in Alberta to a meandering, nutrient-rich and biologically diverse prairie river in Saskatchewan. There are approximately 3 million people who live and work in the Saskatchewan River Basin and countless industries which operate in the basin as well, including pulp and paper mills, forestry, oil and gas extraction, mining (coal, potash, gravel, etc.), and agriculture. As the fourth longest river system in North America, the South Saskatchewan River Basin covers an incredibly large area, draining a surface of approximately 405 860 km² (Partners FOR the Saskatchewan River Basin, 2009). Most of the water that flows in the Saskatchewan River originates in the Rocky Mountains of the Western Cordillera, although some recharge occurs in the prairie regions of Alberta and Saskatchewan through year-round groundwater contributions, spring snow melt in March or April, and summer rainfall in May and early July (J.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality on the Saskatchewan River, the Pas Region, Manitoba: Potential Influences on Water Quality from the Carrot River
    Water quality on the Saskatchewan River, The Pas region, Manitoba: Potential influences on water quality from the Carrot River, Pasquia River, and outflow from the Tolko kraft paper mill. Sheila Atchison Supervisor: L. Gordon Goldsborough A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Honours Thesis Course (05.4111/6) Department of Biology The University of Winnipeg 2008 Abstract The Saskatchewan River plays key roles both for the industries that rely on it and for the ecosystems that depend on it. Recently anthropogenic pressures placed on the river have raised concern as to the long term sustainability of the river as a resource. The aim of this project is to compare the amount of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous), sediment, and organic matter contributed by agricultural runoff and pulp and paper mill effluent to the Saskatchewan River in the region of The Pas, Manitoba, Canada. Water samples were taken on three dates; August 22nd and 27th and September 24th 2007 from transects located along the Saskatchewan River, Carrot River, Pasquia River, and outflow from the Tolko kraft paper mill. One round of sediment samples were taken on August 22nd. The results show no significant differences between samples taken in the Saskatchewan River upstream and downstream of The Pas. However, the sites do differ significantly from each other for parameters including: sediment carbonate, dissolved organic carbon, ammonia, salinity, conductivity, temperature, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, and total reactive phosphorous. This indicates that each source does contribute unique amounts of the above mentioned water quality parameters and that the lack of differences in samples above and below The Pas may be due to other factors such as dilution.
    [Show full text]