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THE INDO-Paklstan SUMMIT: Faltering Steps Towards Peace? Sagarika Duh Comments on Indo-Pakistan Relations in the Light of the Recent Failed Summit in Agra

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THE INDO-Paklstan SUMMIT: Faltering Steps Towards Peace? Sagarika Duh Comments on Indo-Pakistan Relations in the Light of the Recent Failed Summit in Agra View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Nottingham Trent Institutional Repository (IRep) THE INDO-PAKlSTAN SUMMIT: faltering steps towards peace? Sagarika DuH comments on Indo-Pakistan relations in the light of the recent failed summit in Agra. Since the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York on I1 September. and the us deterrnina­ tion to bring OSaID:! bin taoen to jus­ tice and destroy the al-Qaeda network which SUbsequently led to the Ameri­ can and British attacks on Afghanistan on 7 October, the politics of South Asia have assumed great importance in iruernarional relations. The problem in Afghan.istan is an on·~oin~ one and at this juncture It is almost impossible President Perve"Z Musharraf (left) with Indian Prime Minister Atel Baha,; ro predict what will happen next, Vajpoyee. Retv.feen them is Indian Foreign Minister Jaswant Singh However, India and Pakistan are rna­ [or nuclear powers in the region and their relations with etch other are important in maintaining peaLc in the nor be termed a turning point in [no Kashmir issue rq.:jon, especlaliy since religious scn­ dia-Pakistan relations, bur it W:tS a step However, it soon became apparent runents play a role in their bilateral forward. that the TWO countries were nor on the relations and in their rclarions with On 14 July 2001 Musharraf arrived same wave-length. Al J banquet held neighbouring countries such as Ai­ at Palarn Airport (New Delhi) to attend in Musharraf s honour, the President ghanistan. the summit. He was accompanied by of India. J{.H. Narayanan . said: 'W e in Pakistan is now the only country his wife Sehba and an I l-mernber del­ India hold fast to the fundamentals of in the world which has diplomatic re­ egauon. This was Musbarrafs first visit tolerance and secular uernocrauc prin­ lations with the Taliban and !l:IS been to India, his birthplace, which he had ciples' ," These were the principles on a 'frie nd' o! this pariah regime for left more than fifty years ago. And he which India and Pakistan could build many years. President Musharraf was nOI [he only Pakistani who had ;'I relationship of ' ge n uine pC:Jcc, claims U1.1t the government of Pakistan never visited India. his or his parents' Iriendshlp and co-operation'. Mus­ had to accept the political realities on birthplace. Partition had erected an harraf did not disagree with him, but the ground. However, under US pres­ iron curtain. although Jinn:Ih had his lnterpretation of how these prin­ sure they appear to have changed never intended that to happen, He had ciples should be applied in lndo-Paki­ sides and arc now extending their eo­ said categorically: 'Now that tJ1C divj· start relations was quite different from operation 10 the international coalition sion of India has been brought about that of the. Indian government. He against terrorism. One of the reasons by a solemn agreement between the brought up t he issue of Kashmir. why they had to du this W:dS to pre­ t wo Dominions, we should bury the declaring that there could be no 'mili­ vcot India from benefiting from rhls past and resolve that . .. we shall re­ tary so lution' to the dispute and thar Situation. Pakistan has always tried to main friends ." the two countries must bre-ak the ·im· counter India's dominance in the re­ At Haveli Neharavali in Daryagan]. passe of the past', gion. This article takes us back to the Musharraf met and embraced his old tr soon became clear that for P-J. surumit meeting inJuly 2001 in order nanny, Anaro, now eighry-Ilve years kistan Kashmir was the core issue. to identify the key issues in India­ old and gave her gifts. Musharraf and Musha.rraf even had a meeting with Pakistan relations and comment on his wife then visited the samadbt (he leaders of the All-Party Hurriyat the significance of this summit. It can- (mausole um) of Mahatma Gandhi m Conference (APHC), at which he Rajghac. He is apparently (he firs! Pa­ promised 'his fill! moral, diplomatic klstani head ofSlate to place a wreath and poluical support' to Kashrniris in :11 the samadbi. He wrote in the: visi­ thdr just struggle'. However, the ln­ 5agariKa DUff is 0 lecturer in internationa l rdorions 01 tors' book; 'Never has the requirement dian government was nor 100 happy No.ltinghom Trent University, of his ideals {of peace and non-vie­ about this. I1 regards the Hurrivat as United Kingdom, and also lence] been more severely felt than a 'secessionist outfit', This is at' odds leaches South Asian politics , today, especially in the context of with Mush :tlTafs perception of them Pakistan-lndia rei ations. '2 as the voice of Kashmir, N ElYoI Zoolond Infcrnorionol Review Kashmir is the only state in India that nas a Muslim maioriry. According 10 the two-nation theory (that the Hin­ dus and the Muslims of the Indian sub­ conlinent arc rwo separate nations) propollnded by the Muslim leaders, on the basis of which India was parti­ tloncd and India and Pakistan came into existence in 1917 as two separate sovereign states, Kashmir should have joined Pakistan. However, Kashmir W;}5 a princely Slate at that time ruled by a Hindu Maharaja, who toyed with the idea of remaining independent. On being invaded by tribesmen from Pakistan, he quickly signed the instru­ ment of accession and joined the ln­ dlan Unio n. 111is led to the first war Indian Army howitzers emplaced to support operations during the brief Kargil War with Pakistan-backed Infiltrators In 2000 between India and Pakistan, in which India 10SI one-third of the territory of the Slate. Why India did not try 10 re­ rnits receive a lot of media attention. such as the easing of visa restrictions capture the territory, given that its As Berridgc asserts. under the glare of unilaterally announced by New Delhi armed forces were superior 10 those the television cameras, the personal before Musharraf'x visit. Vajpayee said: of Pakistan, ls a question that is some­ prestige of the heads of governments 'it is Our conviction Ih:1( an all-round times asked. However, the Indian gOY· and that of their country is on the Line. development in the relationship be­ ernrneru refused to hold a plebiscite The India-Pakistan summit re­ rween India and Pakistan will have a in Kashmir in accordance with UN flected all these difficulties and prob­ beneficial impact on our dialogue on resolutions as long as PaltiSL:U1 contin­ lems. The fundamental differences be­ jarnmu and Kashmir. ' On the other ued to occupy the territory rhar it had rwcen the rwo countries soon sur­ hand. Musharraf declared at Agra that seized. At any rate the Indian govern­ faced at the Agra calks between the resolurion of the Kashmir issue mcnr has always rejected the IWO­ Musharraf and Indian Prime Minister was the most important aspect of con­ nation theory, maintaining that India Vajpayec and made a dialogue, let fidence building between the two Is a secular state and that Kashmir is alone a [oint declaration, difficult. countries. It soon became clear that an integral part of India. In other Musharraf insisted that no progress hc had come with his own agenda but words, the instrument of accession could be made towards normalisation not much knowledge of the Indian cannot be nullified. 'TIlt: l 'niled States' of relations with India unless the Kash­ govcrnrnenrs position when he view that the rwo countries should rnir ixsue was resolved in accordance blurted out: 'What confidence build­ resolve the Kashmir issue 'taking Into with the wishes of the people of the in,g measures? Confidence building account the wishes of the Kashmlri state. lndla, on the other hand, wanted mt:'1SI1n.' ,~ i~ the rrsoh 11 ilm of Kashmir'. people' is good in principle but is 10 discuss other bilateral issues. These He told a press conference: 'Resolu­ problematic in practice as the Kash­ included cross-border terrorism, set­ tion of the Kashmir dispute, the blg­ miri people are constantly being rna­ ling up of nuclear risk reduction cen­ gest confidence building measure, is nipulated by political leaders. groups tres, trade and economic affairs and at the heart of lndo-Pakixtan conrron­ and organisations. Also the conflict has prisoners of war. talion and litis is the only issue that displaced thousands of Hindu Vajpavec later told the Indian Par­ is blocking peace between us." Kzshmiris and their wishes also need liament that resolution of these issues IQ be con sidered, not just those of the would hdp the peace process. He also Prominent position Muslim population. said that his government would imple­ However, there L, no doubt about the ment the confidence building meas­ fact Ihat Musharraf was under pres­ Summit diplomacy ures announced before the summit, sure from several groups al home to Berridgc argues that 'sumrnirry may sometimes be highly damaging 10 di­ plomacy and is always risky: and it The problem of international poltics in South Asia has assumed may serve only foreign or domestic propaganda purposes, Nevert hclcss, particular importance since the terrorist attacks on the United judiciously employed and carefully States on 1 1 September 2001 . The relationship between India prepared, It can - and does - serve and Pakistan is the key to peace in the region, especially now dlplomauc purposes as well'. Summit that both hove a nuclear weapons capacity. That relafionship diplomacy should ideally Improve po­ has been strained ever since partition in 1947.
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