Editorial Board and Staff xi 42 The Concept of Diaspora and Exile in German-Jewish Literature Contributors xiii and Art Preface xv Mark H. Gelber Maps xvii 48 The Concept of Sephardi and the Ashkenazi in German-Jewish and Introduction German Anti-Semitic Thought xix The Need and Usefulness of Mark H. Gelber Diaspora Studies Gabriel (Gabi) Sheffer 52 The Concept of Diaspora in the Thought of Diaspora Themes Joseph B. Soloveitchik 1 The Concept of Diaspora in Marc D. Angel Biblical Literature 54 Jewry as an Archetypical Diaspora Carl D. Evans Gabriel Sheffer 4 The Concept of Diaspora in 57 Jewish Self-Hatred Talmudic Thought Ritchie Robertson Eliezer Segal 61 Diaspora, Exile, and Jewish 8 Diaspora in the Hellenistic Period Identity Edrel Arie Howard K. Wettstein 17 Symbols of the Diaspora Ellen Frankel History of the Diaspora 64 Jews and in Ancient 23 Liturgy in the Diaspora World Literature Raymond Apple Timothy Andrew McCaffrey 31 The Concept of Exile and Diaspora 72 History of Jews as a Minority in Sephardi Thought Robert M. Seltzer Marc D. Angel 78 The Lost Tribes of 34 Lurianic Kabbalah and the Idea Amotz Asa-El of the Diaspora Shaul Magid 87 The Samaritan Diaspora Alan D. Crown 38 Communication in the Premodern Jewish Diaspora 90 History of the Karaite Diaspora Sophia Menache Fred Astren VIII CONTENTS

Persecution of Diaspora Jews 150 Jewish-Islamic Mutual 95 History of Jewish Persecution Influences and Expulsion Esperanza Alfonso Frederick Schweitzer 156 The Widespread Phenomena 103 Varieties of Anti-Semitism of Marranism and Ritchie Robertson Hidden jews Gloria Mound 107 Literary Anti-Semitism Mark H. Gelber 160 Brazilian Marranism Anita Waingort Novinsky 112 Western Democracies and Translation by Mike Boyington the Holocaust William D. Rubinstein Languages of the Diaspora 115 Euro-Arab Anti-Semitism 167 Characteristics of Bat Ye'or Jewish Languages David M. Bunis 118 The New Anti-Semitism Danny Ben-Moshe 171 Varieties of Diaspora Languages John Myhill 123 The Dissemination of Early Christianity beyond the 180 Judeo-Spanish in the Turkish Jewish Diaspora Social Context Marianne Dacy Mary Altabev 184 Two-Tiered Relexification in Religious Fusion and Yiddish: Jews, Sorbs, Khazars, Interaction in the Diaspora and the Kiev-Polessian Dialect 126 Jewish Diaspora and the Paul Wexler Spreading of Christianity Edward Kessler 187 A Perspective on judeo-Ibero- Romance, Yiddish, and Rotwelsch 132 Jewish Influence on the Paul Wexler Formation of the Christian Scriptures 191 The Yiddish-German Irony Alison Salvesen Frank Heynick 136 History of Judeo-Christian 193 Yiddish as a Diaspora Language Communities in the and Its Future Jewish Diaspora Dovid Katz David J.Rudolph 197 The Integration of Yiddish 139 Islamization and Jews in the into English Medieval Middle East Arnie Keogh Fred Astren 200 Diaspora Influences on Modern 141 Christian-Jewish Dialogue: Hebrew ("Israeli") 18th Century Ghilad Zuckermann Klaus L. Berghahn Music and Culture 146 Contemporary Judeo-Christian of the Diaspora Communities in the 206 Overview of Diaspora Jewish Diaspora Jewish Music David J.Rudolph Marsha Bryan Edelman CONTENTS IX

214 Liturgical Music of Sephardi Jews 287 Genetic Diseases and Mark Kligman the Diaspora Joel Zlotogora 218 Liturgy and Music of Syrian jews Mark Kligman 292 Evolution of Jewish Genealogic Studies 220 Humor and Satire in Sallyann Sack Judeo-Spanish Song Judith R. Cohen 294 Jews, Diaspora, and Medicine Frank Heynick 222 Music and the Reconstruction of Iberian Crypto-Jewish Identity 301 Freud, Judaism, and the Judith R. Cohen Emergence of Psychoanalysis 225 Contemporary Jewish Music Frank Heynick in America Mark .Kligman Sephardi, Oriental, and Ashkenazi Ethnicities 229 Rescue and Virtual Preservation and Culture of Diaspora Cultural Heritage by 305 Jews under Muslim Rule the Center for Jewish Art Frederick Schweitzer Aliza Cohen-Mushiin 309 History of the Religious 233 Jewish Contributions to the Arts Sylvia Barack Fishman Leadership of Oriental Jewry Menachem Ben-Sasson Women in the Diaspora 315 Insights into Sephardic 251 Hie Jewish Diaspora and the Intellectual History Role of Women Marc D. Angel Judith R. Baskin 320 Jewish Enlightenment and 255 Sephardi Women, Marriage, and Its Impact on the Diaspora Family: 16th-17th Centuries Shmuel Feiner Ruth Lamdan 325 Beginning of Hasidism in 260 Jewish Women in Central Europe: Eastern Europe 19th-20th Centuries M. Avrum Ehrlich Dieter J.Hecht 264 Women, Family, and Identity in Israel and the Diaspora Imperial Germany (1871-1918) 328 Jewish Immigration to Pre-State Marion Kaplan and Modern Israel Danny Ben-Moshe 267 Jewish Women in Yemen Yael Katzir 333 Diaspora Anti-Zionism 271 Women and Egalitarianism in Thomas A. Kolsky American Judaism 340 Jewish Diaspora Engagement Shaul Magid with Israel Danny Ben-Moshe Genetics, Medicine, and Genealogy 345 Education in Israel about 275 Jewish Genetic Diseases the Diaspora Edwin H. Kolodny Matt Silver and Aliza Shenhar CONTENTS

Migration and Wanderings 402 Self-Revitalization of of D iaspora Jews Diaspora Life 351 A Chronology of Jewish Travelers Martina Urban and Explorers 407 Jewish Values and Diaspora M. Avrum Ehrlich and Steve Hall Philanthropy 354 Migration Patterns of Iraqi Jews Gary A. Tobin Myer Samra 412 Contemporary Responses 361 Westward Migration Routes to Intermarriage of Sephardijews Gerald Cromer Julia R. Lieberman 416 A Rabbi's Reflections on the 364 Population Transfer of the Modern Rabbinate and the Jews of Thessaloniki Jewish Community Yitzchak Kerem Marc D. Angel 369 Migration Routes of Rhodian Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the 419 Insight into the Workings of Mediterranean Basin a Diaspora Beth Din Yitzchak Kerem Raymond Apple 375 Migration Routes of Egyptian Jews 421 Contemporary Conversion Racheline Barda Patterns into Marc D. Angel 378 Why the Majority of the Jews of Iraq Emigrated to Israel in 424 Jewish Day School Education in Operation Ezra and Nehemya, French-Speaking Europe as Viewed by Jewish Memoirs Zehavit Gross Daphne Tsimhoni 427 The International Network of 382 Modern Jewish Refugees from Religious Zionist Kollels Arab Countries Yael Ehrenpreis Meyer David G. Littman 430 The Habad Movement, 386 Contemporary Migration Its Organizations, and Patterns of Russian Jews Its Influence in the Diaspora to Germany M. Avrum Ehrlich Barbara Dietz Glossary Contemporary Diaspora 392 The Demography of Modern Index Diaspora Jewry Sergio Delia-Pergola About the Editor