Comparación De Suadero De Los Estados Unidos De América Y De México Con Y Sin Tratamiento De Marinación

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Comparación De Suadero De Los Estados Unidos De América Y De México Con Y Sin Tratamiento De Marinación COMPARACIÓN DE SUADERO CON Y SIN TRATAMIENTORev DE MexMARINACIÓN Cienc Pecu 2016;7(2):253-262 Comparación de suadero de los Estados Unidos de América y de México con y sin tratamiento de marinación Comparison of rose meat from the U.S. and Mexico with and without marination Nelson Huerta-Leidenza, María Salud Rubio Lozanob, Cheyenne Dixonc, Alejandra Valdeza, Keith Belkd, Scott Howardd, Franciso Alejandro Ruíz Lópezb RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características sensoriales, la suavidad y la pérdida durante el cocinado del suadero marinado (MR) y sin marinar (NM) procedente de México y EE.UU. El suadero se comparó con la arrachera, ya que ésta es un corte muy demandado en forma marinada por el consumidor mexicano. Se usaron dos métodos de cocinado, uno a la parrilla (en seco) y otro al horno (con humedad). El marinado del suadero y la arrachera disminuyó la fuerza de cizalla (WBSF) (P<0.05), con excepción del suadero procedente de EE.UU. cocinado a la parrilla. La arrachera marinada fue más suave que el suadero ( P<0.05) independientemente del país de origen, del método de cocinado o de si estuvo o no marinado. El suadero no marinado de EE.UU. fue más suave que el de México (P<0.05); sin embargo, una vez marinados no hubo diferencias en la suavidad del suadero en función al país de origen (P>0.05). El panel de consumidores calificó al suadero marinado mejor en aroma, jugosidad, sabor, textura y aceptación general que el no marinado (P<0.05). El suadero marinado fue más suave cuando se cocinó en el horno con humedad, que cuando se hizo en seco en la parrilla (P<0.05). Los resultados de este estudio indican que el marinado mejora la suavidad del suadero y que el cocinado con humedad produce valores de WBSF menores que el cocinado en parrilla. PALABRAS CLAVE: Suadero, Arrachera, Marinado, México, EE.UU. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional properties, sensory characteristics, mechanical tenderness and cook loss of non-marinated (NM) and marinated (MR) rose meat from U.S. and Mexico. Rose meat was compared to inside skirt as this cut is in high demand in marinated applications merchandised in Mexico. Cook loss and Warner- Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of rose meat and inside skirt were evaluated following grilling and moist heat oven- cookery. Marinating rose meat and inside skirt decreased WBSF of all samples (P<0.05), except rose meat from the U.S. that was grilled. Marinated inside skirt was more tender than rose meat (P<0.05) regardless of country of origin, cookery method or marinade. Non-marinated rose meat from the U.S. was more tender than rose meat from Mexico (P<0.05); however, no difference in WBSF was found between marinated rose meat based on country-of-origin (P>0.05). Consumers rated marinated rose meat higher than non-marinated rose meat for aroma, juiciness, flavor, texture, and overall acceptance (P<0.05). Marinated rose meat was more tender when cooked using moist heat (wet- oven) than when grilled (P<0.05). Results of this study indicate that marinade improved the tenderness of rose meat and oven cooking of marinated rose meat produces lower WBSF values than grilling. Recibido el 29 de mayo de 2015. Aceptado el 4 de septiembre de 2015. a U.S. Meat Export Federation, Mexico. b FMVZ-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. UNAM, 04510 México, DF. Tel: +52-55-5537336720. [email protected]. Correspondencia al segundo autor. c U.S. Meat Export Federation, U.S.A. d Colorado State University Center for Meat Safety and Quality, USA. 253 Nelson Huerta-Leidenz, et al. / Rev Mex Cienc Pecu 2016;7(2):253-262 KEY WORDS: Rose meat, Inside skirt, Marinating, U.S.A., Tenderness is the most important textural Mexico. attribute of meat and one of the biggest La suavidad es el atributo de textura más attributes that influences a consumer’s importante de la carne bovina que influye en acceptance of a meat product(1,2). Given the la aceptación del consumidor de un producto high variability of tenderness among beef cárnico(1,2). La suavidad varía mucho entre los (3,4) diferentes músculos del bovino(3,4). Lograr un muscles , the consistent supply of tender suministro constante de carne de res suave es beef is an ongoing challenge for the beef (5) un reto continuo en la industria de la carne(5). industry . In order to attain market share for Para ganar una proporción del mercado para traditionally tougher beef cuts, technologies such los cortes de carne que son inherentemente as blade tenderization and marination have been más duros, se han desarrollado tecnologías developed to improve tenderness of beef destinadas a mejorar la suavidad de estos products. Marinating, or enhancing, is the productos cárnicos, tales como el ablandamiento process of adding non-meat ingredients to fresh mecánico por perforación múltiple y la meat to improve eating quality by through marinación. También conocido como increased tenderness, juiciness, and flavor(6). mejoramiento, la marinación es el proceso de Results from the U.S.A. National Meat Case adicionar ingredientes no cárnicos a la carne Study conducted in 2004 showed that 15.8 % fresca con el fin de mejorar la calidad del of the whole muscle beef products in the retail producto al incrementar su suavidad, jugosidad cases surveyed were enhanced(7). y sabor(6). Los resultados del Estudio de la Vitrina Nacional de la Carne en los Estados Beef fajitas are an extremely popular dish in Unidos de América (U.S.A. National Meat Case Mexico, causing significant demand for both Study - NMCS) del 2004, mostraron que 15.8 % the inside (M. transversus abdominus) and de los productos de carne de músculo entero outside skirt (M. diaphragma pars costalis)(8). a la venta al menudeo había pasado por Due to the significant demand for skirt steaks, procesos de mejoramiento(7). many entities are looking for other thin muscle alternatives that possess similar eating Las fajitas de carne son un guiso muy popular characteristics and can be used as a substitute en México, generando una demanda sustancial for skirt steaks. One of these alternatives is tanto de la falda interior (M. transversus rose meat (Cutaneous trunci). Use of rose meat abdominus) como de la exterior (M. diaphragma in this application would benefit the beef pars costalis)(8). La creciente demanda por los industry, as this cut is less than acceptable in cortes de falda motiva una búsqueda para ground beef applications due to low pigment alternativas de músculo delgado con (myoglobin) concentrations. Numerous studies características comestibles similares que have been conducted to review certain pudieran sustituir a estos cortes. Una de las characteristics of the skirt steak and rose meat(8- alternativas es el corte conocido como suadero 11). However, few of these studies have (Cutaneous trunci). Este corte, conocido como examined all sensory attributes of these cuts, falda rosa (rose meat en EE.UU.), no satisface especially as both a non-marinated and totalmente los lineamientos de la industria marinated product(8,12). The objective of this estadounidense para producir carne molida study was to evaluate the characteristics of NM debido a sus bajas concentraciones de and MR rose meat according to its country of pigmentos (mioglobina). Sin embargo, el uso origin (U.S.A. vs Mexico). The inside skirt was alternativo del suadero podría ser como un chosen as the benchmark as it is widely used sustituto de los músculos enteros de falda, in Mexico, is commonly utilized as a marinated proveyendo beneficios a la industria cárnica. product, and would be used in similar Algunos estudios se han realizado para evaluar foodservice applications as rose meat. las características de los cortes de falda y de 254 COMPARACIÓN DE SUADERO CON Y SIN TRATAMIENTO DE MARINACIÓN suadero(8,9,10,11), sin embargo, pocos son los Rose meat was sourced from major packers in que han evaluado los atributos sensoriales de the U.S. and Mexico. Rose meat arrived in estos cortes, especialmente como productos vacuum packaged bags that contained two to con y sin marinación(8,12). Por lo tanto, el three pieces if it was of U.S. origin or four to objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las six pieces if it was of Mexican origin. Each características del suadero natural y marinado piece was identified and weighed. Whole-pieces según el país de origen (EE.UU. vs México). Se were cut into approximately eight 10 cm long seleccionó la falda exterior como referencia, ya by 2.5 cm thick samples. Samples were weighed, que este corte se consume ampliamente en trimmed relatively free of fat and then weighed México, comúnmente está marinado y podría again to determine an initial rough weight for ser utilizado en aplicaciones similares a las del each sample. Approximately four samples from suadero. each larger piece were randomly assigned to either the marinated or non-marinated Se adquirieron muestras de suadero a través treatment. Following fabrication, all samples de empacadoras de los Estados Unidos y de were vacuum packaged and frozen until further México. El suadero enviado desde los EE.UU. processing. estaba empacado en bolsas al vacío, con dos o tres piezas por paquete. Por otro lado, el Rose meat and inside skirts were marinated by suadero que se obtuvo de empacadoras immersing meat in a solution that contained mexicanas también estaba empacado en bolsas sodium tripolyphosphate, carrageenan, xanthan al vacío, pero con cuatro a seis piezas por cada gum, sodium benzoate and sodium erythorbate una de ellas.
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