East Contra Costa County Vulnerability Assessment & Adaptation Project
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Adapting to Rising Tides: East Contra Costa County Vulnerability Assessment & Adaptation Project April 2020 By San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC), Adapting to Rising Tides (ART) April 2020 Project Team BCDC Samantha Cohen Rachel Wigginton Heather Dennis Adam Fullerton Dana Brechwald Nicolas Sanders Delta Stewardship Council Kaylee Griffith Ron Melcer Harriet Ross Kate Anderson Contra Costa County Jody London Ryan Hernandez Maureen Toms Will Nelson Paul Detjens Robert Sarmiento Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the following organizations, jurisdictions, departments, agencies and individuals for participating in this project through donating their time to the working group as well as for providing guidance and direct edits to our report. ERS BCDC NON- STATE AGENCIES Todd Hallenbeck GOVERNMENTAL Caltrans Jaclyn Mendoske ORGANIZATIONS & CITIES PRIVATE Antioch ORGANIZATIONS Brentwood Pacific Gas and Electric Discovery Bay Bay Area Regional Health Pittsburg Inequities Initiative CONTRA COSTA WORKING GROUP MEMBERS COUNTY Dominic Aliano Department of Conservation Steve Aubert Avery Livengood and Development Erik Bird Jody London Health Services Bethallyn Black Luisa Lopez Water Agency Dina Breitstein Ross Macumber Flood Control and Water Scott Buenting Emily Mann Conservation Ching-Fu Chang Suzanne Marr Office of Emergency Morgan Chow Maureen Martin Services Michael Davies Rev. Will McGarvey Mosquito and Vector Control Ellen Dempsey Annie Merritt Public Works Paul Detjens Michael Moran Office of the Sheriff Melinda Dorin Will Nelson Fire Protection Districts Regina Espinoza Bob Peoples Susan Euing Shauna Polk DISTRICTS, Larry Fong Elissa Robinson AUTHORITIES, Meredith Gerhardt Harriet Ross Julie Haas-Wajdowicz Robert Sarmiento COMMITTEES Paul Seger Contra Costa Water District Sandra Hamlat Ryan Hernandez Jeremy Shannon East Bay Regional Parks Lorenzo Siemann District Teri House Marcelle Indelicato John Steere Contra Costa Transportation Maureen Toms Authority Sean Kearns Matt Kelly Miki Tsubota Contra Costa Resource Justin Vandever Conservation District Michael Kent Carlos Lare-Masters Lisa Veliz Waweru Chris Lim Mark Whitlock Sr. 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................ 5 Introduction ................................................................... 19 Adapting to Rising Tides Program Introduction and Overview ........................................ 19 The East Contra Costa ART Project ..................................................................................... 24 Vulnerability Assessment Findings ............................ 49 Business, Industry, and Hazardous Materials..................................................................... 49 Community Feedback ............................................................................................................ 65 Critical Facilities and Services .............................................................................................. 72 Delta Islands and Reclamation Districts .............................................................................. 91 Energy and Fuel Supply ....................................................................................................... 109 Flood Control and Stormwater ............................................................................................ 128 Natural Lands and Outdoor Recreation ............................................................................. 140 People and Communities ..................................................................................................... 168 Ground Transportation ........................................................................................................ 181 Wastewater ............................................................................................................................ 199 Water Management ............................................................................................................... 207 Project Evaluation, Adaptation, and Implementation ...................................................................................... 253 Project Key Planning Issues ............................................................................................... 253 Adaptation Responses ......................................................................................................... 262 Evaluation and Implementation .......................................................................................... 274 Conclusion and Recommendations ................................................................................... 278 Endnotes & Bibliography ........................................... 279 3 About the Adapting to Rising Tides Program The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission’s (BCDC) Adapting to Rising Tides (ART) Program provides staff support, guidance, tools and information to help agencies and organizations around the Bay Area understand, communicate and begin to resolve complex climate change issues. The ART Program leads and supports multi-sector, cross-jurisdictional projects that build local and regional capacity in the San Francisco Bay Area to plan for and adapt to sea level rise and storm event flooding. Through these efforts, the ART Program continues to test and refine an adaptation method (the ART Planning Process, see Figure 1) that ensures planning processes include a transparent process, collaborative process, and sustainability. Throughout the Bay Area, the ART Program is helping integrate adaptation in local and regional planning and decision-making in multiple ways. ART leads collaborative adaptation planning projects, develops adaptation responses, builds capacity across the region to increase resilience, assists adaptation planning efforts, helps create evaluation criteria to assess adaptation responses, builds regional capacity for adaptation, and advocates for adaptation through communicating findings, issues, processes, and needs to state and federal agencies. ART also provides the ART Portfolio, which combines a comprehensive set of online resources, including how-to guides, tools, and findings, with Help Desk support from experienced ART Program staff to enable users to make use of Portfolio resources to efficiently and effectively assess and plan for climate impacts. Figure 2. The ART Planning Process. 4 Executive Summary East Contra Costa Adapting to Rising Tides Project Contra Costa County is one of the nine Bay Area counties and is the ninth most populous county in the state—home to over one million residents. In the coming years Contra Costa faces a number of opportunities, as well as numerous challenges. Many regionally important assets and services are located in the East Contra Costa County, such as passenger and cargo rail lines, communities with affordable housing, industry, agriculture, employment centers, wetlands, creeks, popular parks, boating and recreation hubs, and miles of Bay Trail. The East Contra Costa (ECC) Adapting to Rising Tides Project Area (see Figure 0-1) includes the shoreline cities of Pittsburg, Antioch, Oakley, and the inland adjacent city of Brentwood. Also included in the Project Area are the unincorporated communities of Bethel Island, Discovery Bay, Knightsen, and Byron. Many of the challenges faced in the County are familiar to communities around the Bay Area, such as the need for affordable housing, increased traffic congestion, issues of equity, a need for diverse and well-paying employment, safe and healthy neighborhoods, and current seismic and flood risks. In addition, the County is learning how to view these current challenges in light of the future risks associated with climate change, such as increased flood risk, higher heat, changes in ecological systems and possible changes to drought patterns. In 2014, local interest in understanding and addressing these challenges led the ART Program to initiate a project to conduct a sea level rise vulnerability assessment and adaptation project along the west and central Contra Costa County shoreline extending from Richmond to Bay Point. The West Contra Costa County ART project concluded in 2016. The ECC Project was initiated in late 2017, funded by the Delta Stewardship Council, and in partnership with Contra Costa County, in order to complete the sea level rise study for the entire County. ART ECC continues from Pittsburg all the way to the eastern edge of the County and south to Clifton Court Forebay. This project builds off of the work done in West Contra Costa County and completes the assessment of the entire County. 5 Figure 0-1. East Contra Costa County Project Area is outlined in red. While many vulnerability and adaptation issues are similar between West Contra Costa and East Contra Costa, the ECC Project Area differs from that of the West Contra Costa ART Project in that it contains significant subsided land ranging from 0 to -15 feet below sea level, has much of its coastline protected by levees, has Delta islands, and is a more rural agricultural landscape. The ECC Project Area includes part of the Delta, which introduces new flooding dynamics and vulnerabilities. This includes risks such as saline intrusion from tidal influences, subsided lands that are more susceptible to flooding, especially with electricity outages due to pump failures, and levee failure on Delta islands. The Contra Costa shoreline, with its varying local shoreline topographies (wetlands,