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Vesicointestinal, Vesicocutaneous Fistula and Tubal Invasion Secondary to Bladder Adenocarcinoma: a Case Report

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Vesicointestinal, Vesicocutaneous Fistula and Tubal Invasion Secondary to Bladder Adenocarcinoma: a Case Report ARAÞTIRMALAROLGU SUNUMU (Case (Research Reports) Reports) Vesicointestinal, Vesicocutaneous Fistula and Tubal Invasion Secondary to Bladder Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report Mesane Adenokarsinomuna Sekonder Vezikointestinal, Vezikokutanöz Fistül ve Tubal Ýnvazyon: Olgu Sunumu Abdullah Demirtaþ, MD. Abstract Department of Urology, Adenocarcinomas constitute less than 2% of primary bladder cancers. Seventy-five year-old Erciyes University Medical Faculty female patient presented to the urology clinic with the complaint of urinary flow from suprapubic [email protected] region which has been continuing for the last 1 month. Endoscopy revealed a vesicocutaneous fistula and a vesicointestinal fistula of approximately 2cm diameter. Lower abdominal midline Erol Erþekerci, MD. incision was applied for laparotomy. Bladder was observed to show an advanced level of Department of Urology, adherence to adjacent tissues. Ovaries were of cystic appearance and uterus was adhered Erciyes University Medical Faculty to bladder. Frozen sections were obtained from the portions where uterus showed adherence [email protected] to bladder and ovaries. Results of the frozen section analysis suggested malignant invasion. Thus eventually; cystectomy, bilateral salpingooophorectomy, hysterectomy, sigmoidectomy, Nurettin Þahin, MD. Hartmann colostomy, and ureterocutaneostomy were carried out on the patient. She was Department of Urology, deceased on the 10th postoperative day due to cardiopulmonary arrest. Definitive pathological Erciyes University Medical Faculty result was reported as bladder adenocarcinoma and invasion. [email protected] Key Words: Adenocarcinoma; Bladder fistula; Bladder neoplasms. Mehmet Caniklioðlu, MD. Department of Urology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty [email protected] Oðuz Ekmekçioðlu, MD. Department of Urology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty [email protected] Alper Akcan, MD. Department of General Surgery, Erciyes University Medical Faculty [email protected] Özet Adenokarsinomlar primer mesane kanserlerinin yüzde ikisinden azýný oluþturur. Yetmiþ beþ yaþýnda bayan hasta, üroloji kliniðine suprapubik bölgeden bir aydýr idrar gelmesi þikayetiyle baþvurdu. Yapýlan endoskopide yaklaþýk 2 cmlik vezikointestinal fistül ve vezikokutanös fistül saptandý. Laparotomide göbek altý orta hat insizyonla girildi. Mesanenin etraf dokulara ileri derecede yapýþýk olduðu izlendi. Overler kistik görünümdeydi, uterus mesaneye yapýþýktý. Uterusun mesaneye ve overlere yapýþýk olduðu yerden frozen çalýþýldý. Frozen sonucu malign invazyon olarak deðerlendirildi. Bunun üzerine hastaya sistektomi, iki taraflý salpingoooferektomi, histerektomi, sigmoidektomi, Hartmann kolostomi ve üreterokutaneostomi yapýldý. Olgu operason sonrasý onuncu gününde kardiyopulmoner arrest sonucu kaybedildi. Kesin patoloji sonucu mesane adenokanseri ve invazyon olarak raporedildi. Submitted : December 24, 2006 Revised : May 03, 2007 Accepted : June 05, 2007 Anahtar sözcükler: Adenokanser; Mesane fistülü; Mesane Neoplazmlarý. Corresponding Author: Abdullah Demirtaþ, MD. Department of Urology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty Kayseri, Turkey Telephone : +90 -0532 5094494 E-mail : [email protected] 044 Erciyes Týp Dergisi (Erciyes Medical Journal) 2008;30(1):044-047 Vesicointestinal, Vesicocutaneous Fistula and Tubal Invasion Secondary to Bladder Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report Introduction of contrast agent within intestinal loops adjacent to bladder, Adenocarcinomas constitute less than 2% of primary was commented as vesicointestinal fistula. Moreover, an bladder cancers. Adenocarcinomas are generally appearance of a fistula with 3cm diameter extending to encountered in bladder base and dome, however, they skin in the anterior portion of the bladder, and cysts on may be localized elsewhere in the bladder, as well. These bilateral ovaries, were observed as well (Figure 1). tumors develop due to chronic inflammation or irritation. Majority of adenocarcinomas are of poorly-differentiated, Cystogram and fistulogram were carried out in order to and invasive character (1). Main reason behind outline the association between bladder and fistular tracts. vesicoenteric fistulas, is the inflammatory events, Grade 5 reflux to left kidney, an apperance localized in particularly diverticulitis cases (2). Malignant enterovesical anterosuperior portion of bladder consistent with the fistulas are not seen very commonly. While malignities fistula tract extending to skin at midline, and a passage associated with colon are the main causes, they constitute of contrast agent from posterior portion of bladder to only 1% of fistulas (3). We see vesicointestinal fistulas, intestines, were detected. which develop secondary to bladder cancers, in the third place (4). As far as we investigated; vesicointestinal, vesicocutaneous fistula and tubal invasion secondary to bladder adenocarcinoma, has not been reported in the literature. Case Report Seventy-five year-old female patient presented to the urology clinic with the complaint of urinary flow from suprapubic region continuing for 1 month. The patient who had undergone cystolithotomy operation 20 years previously, had also been operated 2 times before 27 and 25 years due to vesicocutaneous fistula. Physical examination showed a good overall condition with a slim appearance. Her blood pressure was 140/80mmHg and temperature was 36.8ºC. Abdominal examination revealed a fistula opening localized on the lower abdominal Figure 1. View of skin and intestinal fistulas from anterior midlineand 2cm above pubic symphysis. Laboratory aspect of bladder on the tomography section. examination results were as follows; Hb:9.2 gr/dL, leukocyte:7.970, Platelets:289000/ mm, fasting blood sugar: 96 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen: 25 mg/dl, creatinine:1.0 mg/dl , Na: 142 mmol/L, K: 4.4 mmol/L, Cl: 101 mmol/L, AST: 14 U/L, ALT: 12 U/L, total protein: 4.3 gr/dl, albumin: 1.8 gr/dl. E. Coli growth was found in the urinary culture. Antibiogram tests showed an E.Coli sensitivity against imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, nitrofuranteine. Intravenous pyelography showed a normal upper urinary system and an appearance suggesting duplex collecting system; bladder could not be evaluated clearly. USG revealed no pathological results except a fistula tract with a diameter of 3cm, starting from bladder and extending through skin. Abdominal tomography showed normal liver and spleen. Kidneys exhibited contrast enhancement, ureters were Figure 2. Cystogram showing an intestinal fistula and normal with a mild dilatation on the left side. Detection grade 5 reflux on the left side. Erciyes Týp Dergisi (Erciyes Medical Journal) 2008;30(1):044-047 045 Abdullah Demirtaþ, Erol Erþekerci, Nurettin Þahin, Mehmet Caniklioðlu, Oðuz Ekmekçioðlu, Alper Akcan Discussion as a result of traumatic injury (6). Vesicointestinal Endoscopy carried out under anesthesia, revealed two fistulas with neoplastic origin are reported to occur fistulas, one from bladder dome to skin, and another secondary to cancer in sigmoid colon (54%), rectum vesicointestinal fistula of 2cm diameter. Pathology result and rectosigmoid (23%), and bladder (16%). In the of the obtained biopsy sample was reported as chronic present case, there were fistulas of colon and skin which inflammatory event. were associated with bladder adenocarcinoma. Moreover, bilateral tuba uterina invasion was determined In close consultation with general surgery and obstetrics with local invasion. Firmin reported malignant departments, fistula repair with open surgery was planned. enterovesical fistula incidence as an infrequent case Laparotomy was applied through a lower abdominal with an incidence of 1% , along with malignities related midline incision. While bladder was found to be adhered to colon being the most common reason (3). Initial to the adjacent tissues, ovaries had cystic appearance and radiologic assessment of bladder adenocarcinomas is uterus has been adhered to bladder. A frozen technique known to be intravenous pyelography for evaluating was applied from the point where uterus adhered to bladder upper urinary system. Filling defect is observed during and ovaries. The results of the frozen samples indicated cystography. malignant invasion. Thus; cystectomy, bilateral salpingoophorectomy, hysterectomy, sigmoidectomy, Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging Hartmann colostomy, and bilateral ureterocutaneostomy and ultrasonography can be used for showing size, were carried out on the patient. On the right side, she had localization, and structure of tumors and for determining bilateral duplex ureters, although one was rudimentary. their relations with other organs (7). In the present case, All four of the ureters were anastomosed to the skin by upper urinary system was found to be normal in our ureterocutaneostomy. Because postoperative monitoring laboratory analysis. Fistula tracts were observed in showed a deterioration of overall condition, general cystogram and cystoscopy. However, no mass associated surgery applied a second exploration. Due to determination with bladder, was determined in tomography and of diffuse necrotic areas in mesenterium of small intestine, cystoscopy. Considering the fact that the sample taken a small intestinal resection of 100cm was carried out and during cystoscopy might not have the ability to shed a jejunostomy was opened. The case was kept under close light on the case and taking account of the possibility monitoring within intensive
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