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O Esqueleto Pós-Craniano De Exaeretodon Riograndensis Abdala Et Al
Rev. bras. paleontol. 10(2):79-94, Maio/Agosto 2007 © 2007 by the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia O ESQUELETO PÓS-CRANIANO DE EXAERETODON RIOGRANDENSIS ABDALA ET AL. (CYNODONTIA, TRAVERSODONTIDAE), TRIÁSSICO DO BRASIL TÉO VEIGA DE OLIVEIRA, CESAR LEANDRO SCHULTZ & MARINA BENTO SOARES Instituto de Geociências, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] RESUMO – Pela primeira vez, elementos pós-cranianos de Exaeretodon riograndensis, um cinodonte traversodontídeo da Cenozona de Rhynchosauria da Formação Santa Maria, Neotriássico do sul do Brasil, são descritos e comparados com E. frenguellii e outros cinodontes não-mamalianos. O material inclui parte da coluna vertebral, radio, ulna e elementos da cintura pélvica. As diferenças mais significativas em relação a E. frenguellii estão na morfologia e nas dimensões do arco neural do atlas, na presença de intercentros em vértebras cervicais posteriores ao áxis e na ausência da dilatação do ápice do espinho neural das vértebras truncais. A morfologia da região sacral da coluna, do rádio, da ulna e da cintura pélvica são concordantes com o observado em E. frenguellii. A comparação com outros táxons de cinodontes não-mamalianos permite a observação da nítida evolução em mosaico do esqueleto pós-craniano destes animais: E. riograndensis mostra alguns caracteres similares a outros Cynognathia (grupo ao qual pertence), enquanto outros são mais próximos aos observados em alguns Probainognathia (incluindo mamíferos), como a natureza mais avançada do complexo atlas-áxis. Palavras-chave: Triássico, Brasil, Formação Santa Maria, Traversodontidae, Exaeretodon riograndensis, pós-crânio. ABSTRACT – THE POSTCRANIAL SKELETON OF EXAERETODON RIOGRANDENSIS ABDALA ET AL. -
Um Novo E Peculiar Cinodonte Traversodontídeo Para O Triássico Médio Do Rio Grande Do Sul E Suas Implicações Para a Paleoecologia De
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS Um Novo e Peculiar Cinodonte Traversodontídeo para o Triássico Médio do Rio Grande do Sul e suas Implicações para a Paleoecologia de Cynodontia Míriam Reichel Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cesar Leandro Schultz Co-Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Marina Bento Soares Comissão Examinadora: Prof. Dr. José Fernando Bonaparte Prof. Dr. Mario Cozzuol Profª. Drª. Cristina Vega Dias Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Reichel, Miriam Um novo e peculiar Cinodonte Traversodontídeo para triássico médio do Rio Grande do Sul e suas implicações para a Paleoecologia de Cynodontia. / Miriam Reichel. - Porto Alegre : UFRGS, 2006. [145 f.] il. Dissertação (Mestrado). - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Geociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências. Porto Alegre, RS - BR, 2006. 1. Paleoecologia. 2. Cynodontia. 3. Traversodontidae. 4. Triássico Médio. 5. Formação Santa Maria. 6. Rio Grande do Sul. I. Título. _____________________________ Catalogação na Publicação Biblioteca Geociências - UFRGS Renata Cristina Grun CRB 10/1113 AGRADECIMENTOS • Ao professor Dr. José Fernando Bonaparte, pelos ensinamentos a respeito dos cinodontes, por estimular este trabalho, contribuindo com importantes comentários, e pela grande dedicação à paleontologia e àqueles que por ela se interessam. • Ao professor Dr. Cesar Leandro Schultz, por orientar este trabalho, por sempre tornar o ambiente de trabalho agradável, pelos conselhos e pela amizade. • À professora Dra. Marina Bento Soares, por me trazer para o mundo dos cinodontes, pela paciência e didática de fundamental importância para este trabalho, pelo carinho e pela amizade. • Às colegas Paula C. -
Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Woolly Mammoth (Mammuthus Primigenius) from Maly Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Islands, Russia) and Its Phylogenetic Assessment
Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resources ISSN: (Print) 2380-2359 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmdn20 Complete mitochondrial genome of a woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) from Maly Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Islands, Russia) and its phylogenetic assessment Igor V. Kornienko, Tatiana G. Faleeva, Natalia V. Oreshkova, Semyon E. Grigoriev, Lena V. Grigoreva, Evgeniy P. Simonov, Anna I. Kolesnikova, Yuliya A. Putintseva & Konstantin V. Krutovsky To cite this article: Igor V. Kornienko, Tatiana G. Faleeva, Natalia V. Oreshkova, Semyon E. Grigoriev, Lena V. Grigoreva, Evgeniy P. Simonov, Anna I. Kolesnikova, Yuliya A. Putintseva & Konstantin V. Krutovsky (2018) Complete mitochondrial genome of a woolly mammoth (Mammuthusprimigenius) from Maly Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Islands, Russia) and its phylogenetic assessment, Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3:2, 596-598, DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1473721 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1473721 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa View supplementary material UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 18 May 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 118 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tmdn20 MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B: RESOURCES 2018, VOL. 3, NO. 2, 596–598 https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1473721 MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT Complete mitochondrial genome of a woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) from Maly Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Islands, Russia) and its phylogenetic assessment Igor V. Kornienkoa,b, Tatiana G. Faleevac, Natalia V. Oreshkovad,e, Semyon E. Grigorievf, Lena V. Grigorevaf, Evgeniy P. -
Размеры Тела Шерстистого Мамонта Mammuthus Primigenius (Blumenbach) Второй Половины Позднего Плейстоцена Севера Восточной Сибири Г.Г
ПРИРОДНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ АРКТИКИ И СУБАРКТИКИ, 2021, Т. 26, № 1 УДК562/569:566/569 DOI10.31242/2618-9712-2021-26-1-4 Размеры тела шерстистого мамонта Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach) второй половины позднего плейстоцена севера Восточной Сибири Г.Г.Боескоров Институт геологии алмаза и благородных металлов СО РАН, Якутск, Россия [email protected] Аннотация. Проанализированы сведения о размерах тела шерстистого мамонта Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach) второй половины позднего плейстоцена севера Восточной Сибири (Яку- тия, п-ов Таймыр, западная Чукотка). Статья основана на оригинальных данных автора, прини- мавшего участие в исследовании морфологических особенностей замороженных останков мумий и скелетов мамонтов, найденных на территории Якутии за последние 30 лет: Чурапчинский, Максу- нуохский, Юкагирский мамонты; часть скелета мамонта с р. Зимовье (остров Большой Ляховс- кий). Отдельно измерен скелет Тирехтяхского мамонта. Кроме того, проанализированы литера- турные данные по размерам тела шерстистого мамонта второй половины позднего плейстоцена Восточной Сибири и других регионов. Предыдущими исследователями отмечалось, что высота в холке взрослых самцов M. primigenius с территории Якутии и Таймыра близка таковой самцов ази- атского (индийского) слона Elephas maximus L. Отсюда был сделан вывод, что и общие размеры тела у шерстистого мамонта схожи с таковыми азиатского слона. В данной статье, основанной на более обширном материале, показано, что хотя шерстистый мамонт действительно был очень схож по высоте в холке с современным E. maximus, в то же время тело у него было в среднем длин- нее, голова больше, т. е. пропорции тела у этих видов были разными. По-видимому, особенности пропорций тела шерстистого мамонта способствовали его лучшему выживанию в условиях ледни- кового периода. Ключевые слова:шерстистыймамонт,Mammuthus primigenius,позднийплейстоцен,размеры тела,ВосточнаяСибирь.. Благодарности. -
Curriculum Vitae
ADAM N ROUNTREY Research Museum Collection Manager University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology Research Museums Center 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 +1 (734) 936 1385 [email protected] EDUCATION / ACADEMIC POSITIONS8 Research Museum Collection Manager, University of Michigan (2013-present) Research Assistant Professor, University of Western Australia (2012-2013) Postdoctoral Scholar, University of Michigan (2009-2012) PhD, Geology (2009) – University of Michigan “Life Histories of Juvenile Woolly Mammoths from Siberia: Stable Isotope and Elemental Analyses of Tooth Dentin” MS, Geology (2006) – University of Michigan BS (magna cum laude), Environmental Studies, (2003) – Randolph-Macon College PUBLICATIONS ( * = student paper) Moore, J., Rountrey, A., Scates Kettler, H. (2019). CS3DP: Developing Agreement for 3D Standards and Practices Based on Community Needs and Values. In Grayburn, J., Lischer-Katz, Z., Golubiewski-Davis, K., Ikeshoji-Orlati, V. (Eds.), 3D/VR in the Academic Library: Emerging Practices and Trends. Council on Library and Information Resources. Arlington, Virginia. *Ong, J.L., et al. (2018). A boundary current drives synchronous growth of marine fishes across tropical and temperate latitudes. Global Change Biology 24(5):1894-1903. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14083. Holen, S.R., et al. (2018). Broken bones and hammerstones at the Cerutti Mastodon site: a reply to Haynes. PaleoAmerica 4(1):8-11. Holen, S.R., et al. (2018). Reply to Ferraro, J.V, et al. Contesting early archaeology in California. Nature 544:E3. DOI: 10.1038/nature25166. Holen, S.R., et al. (2017). Disparate Perspectives on Evidence from the Cerutti Mastodon Site: A Reply to Braje et al. PaleoAmerica DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2017.1396836. -
LATE PLEISTOCENE and EARLY HOLOCENE WINTER AIR TEMPERATURES in KOTELNY ISLAND: RECONSTRUCTIONS USING STABLE ISOTOPES of ICE WEDGES Yu.K
Kriosfera Zemli, 2019, vol. XXIII, No. 2, pp. 12–24 http://www.izdatgeo.ru DOI: 10.21782/EC2541-9994-2019-2(12-24) LATE PLEISTOCENE AND EARLY HOLOCENE WINTER AIR TEMPERATURES IN KOTELNY ISLAND: RECONSTRUCTIONS USING STABLE ISOTOPES OF ICE WEDGES Yu.K. Vasil’chuk1,2, V.M. Makeev3, A.A. Maslakov1, N.A. Budantseva1, A.C. Vasil’chuk1 1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography and Faculty of Geology, 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia 2 Tyumen State University, 6, Volodarskogo str., Tyumen, 625003, Russia; [email protected] 3Russian State Hydrometeorological University, 98, Malookhtinsky prosp., St. Petersburg, 109017, Russia Late Pleistocene and Holocene winter air temperatures in Kotelny Island, northeastern Russian Arctic, have been reconstructed using oxygen isotope compositions of ice wedges and correlated with evidence of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate variations inferred from pollen data. The δ18О values range exceeds 6 ‰ in Late Pleistocene ice wedges but is only 1.5 ‰ in the Holocene ones (–30.6 ‰ to –24.0 ‰ against –23.1 ‰ to –21.6 ‰, respectively). The Late Pleistocene mean January air temperatures in Kotelny Island were 10–12 °С lower than the respective present temperature. On the other hand, mean winter temperatures in cold substages during the Karga interstadial were colder than those during the Sartan glacial event. The Late Pleistocene– Holocene climate history included several warm intervals when air temperatures were high enough to maintain the existence of low canopy tree patches in Kotelny Island. Mean January air temperatures in the early Holocene were only 1.0–1.5 °С lower than now. -
Quaternary International Xxx (2010) 1E23
ARTICLE IN PRESS Quaternary International xxx (2010) 1e23 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Sedimentary characteristics and origin of the Late Pleistocene Ice Complex on north-east Siberian Arctic coastal lowlands and islands e A review L. Schirrmeister a,*, V. Kunitsky b, G. Grosse c, S. Wetterich a, H. Meyer a, G. Schwamborn a, O. Babiy b, A. Derevyagin d, C. Siegert a a Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research, Telegrafenberg A 43, 14471 Potsdam, Germany b Melnikov Permafrost Institute RAS SB, Merslotnaya Street, Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha, (Yakutia), 677010 Russia c Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA d Moscow State University (MSU), Faculty of Geology Russia, Moscow 119899, Vorobievy Gory article info abstract Article history: The origin of Late Pleistocene ice-rich, fine-grained permafrost sequences (Ice Complex deposits) in arctic Available online xxx and subarctic Siberia has been in dispute for a long time. Corresponding permafrost sequences are frequently exposed along seacoasts and river banks in Yedoma hills, which are considered to be erosional remnants of Late Pleistocene accumulation plains. Detailed cryolithological, sedimentological, geochro- nological, and stratigraphical results from 14 study sites along the Laptev and East Siberian seacoasts were summarized for the first time in order to compare and correlate the local datasets on a large regional scale. The sediments of the Ice Complex are characterized by poorly-sorted silt to fine-sand, buried cryosols, TOC contents of 1.2e4.8 wt%, and very high ground ice content (40e60 wt% absolute). -
32-Langer Et Al
Lucas, S.G. and Spielmann, J.A., eds., 2007, The Global Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 41. 201 THE CONTINENTAL TETRAPOD-BEARING TRIASSIC OF SOUTH BRAZIL MAX C. LANGER1, ANA M. RIBEIRO2, CESAR L. SCHULTZ3 AND JORGE FERIGOLO2 1 Depto. Biologia, FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected]; 2 Museu de Ciências Naturais, FZB-RS, Av. Salvador França 1427, Porto Alegre, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]; 3 Inst. Geociâncias, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, Brazil; e-mail [email protected] Abstract—The Rosário do Sul Group is one of the better-known tetrapod-bearing continental deposits of Triassic age. It crops out in central Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil, and has yielded a fauna of more than 40 valid species, including temnospondyl, procolophonoideans, dicynodonts, cynodonts, sphenodontian, rhynchosaurs, and archosaurs. Its fossil record is herein briefly assessed, along with the stratigraphy of its bearing sequences. This includes the Early (perhaps earliest) Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation, which correlates to the Lystrosaurus/ “Impoverished” zones of the Karoo Basin, and a second major stratigraphic sequence of Mid-Late Triassic age that broadly corresponds to the Santa Maria and Caturrita formations. The lower, cynodont-dicynodont dominated fauna of that sequence is partially Chañarian (Ladinian) in age, and encompasses the Dinodontosaurus Assem- blage-Zone. The Late Triassic fauna includes the Hyperodapedon and Ictidosaur assemblage-zones. The former, dominated by rhynchosaurs, includes some of the oldest known dinosaurs, and can be given an Ischigualastian (Carnian) age. -
Mammuthus Primigenius) Carcass from Maly Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Islands, Russian Federation
Quaternary International 445 (2017) 89e103 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint A woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) carcass from Maly Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Islands, Russian Federation) ** * Semyon E. Grigoriev a, , Daniel C. Fisher b, , Theodor Obada c, Ethan A. Shirley b, Adam N. Rountrey b, Grigory N. Savvinov d, Darima K. Garmaeva e, Gavril P. Novgorodov a, Maksim Yu. Cheprasov a, Sergei E. Vasilev f, Artemiy E. Goncharov g, h, i, Alexey Masharskiy i, Viktoriya E. Egorova e, Palmira P. Petrova e, Eya E. Egorova e, Yana A. Akhremenko e, Johannes van der Plicht j, Alexei A. Galanin k, Sergei E. Fedorov a, *** Evgeny V. Ivanov d, Alexei N. Tikhonov l, a, a Lazarev Mammoth Museum, Institute of Applied Ecology of the North, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation b Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA c Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chis¸inau, Republic of Moldova d Institute of Applied Ecology of the North, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation e Medical Institute, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation f 3D Modelling and Virtual Reality Center, Institute of Physics and Technologies, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation g North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation h Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation i Saint -
Morfologia Pós-Craniana De Cinodontes Traversodontídeos Da Zona De Associação De Santacruzodon, Triássico Médio Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Bacia Do Paraná, Brasil
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS MORFOLOGIA PÓS-CRANIANA DE CINODONTES TRAVERSODONTÍDEOS DA ZONA DE ASSOCIAÇÃO DE SANTACRUZODON, TRIÁSSICO MÉDIO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BACIA DO PARANÁ, BRASIL RICARDO SABOIA BERTONI ORIENTADOR – Profª. Dra. Ana Maria Ribeiro Porto Alegre – 2014 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS MORFOLOGIA PÓS-CRANIANA DE CINODONTES TRAVERSODONTÍDEOS DA ZONA DE ASSOCIAÇÃO DE SANTACRUZODON, TRIÁSSICO MÉDIO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BACIA DO PARANÁ, BRASIL RICARDO SABOIA BERTONI ORIENTADOR – Profª. Dra. Ana Maria Ribeiro BANCA EXAMINADORA Profª. Dra. Graciela Piñeiro - Departamento de Evolución de Cuencas, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguai Profª. Dra. Marina Bento Soares – Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Prof. Dr. Jorge Ferigolo – Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Título de Mestre em Geociências. Porto Alegre – 2014 Ao casal mais lindo que já conheci Meus Amados Pais AGRADECIMENTOS Inicialmente gostaria de agradecer ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (PPGGEO-UFRGS) pela oportunidade paraa mim ofertada de realizar este Mestrado. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pelo financiamento desta pesquisa por meio da bolsa de Mestrado. À Dra. Ana Maria Ribeiro, minha orientadora desde os tempos de Iniciação Científica no Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCN-FZBRS) e neste Mestrado pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. -
From the Late Triassic of Rio Grande Do Sul (Brazil) and Its Phylogenetic Relationships Among Carnivorous Non-Mammalian Eucynodonts
AMEGHINIANA (Rev. Asoc. Paleontol. Argent.) - 42 (1): 191-208. Buenos Aires, 31-03-2005 ISSN 0002-7014 A new tritheledontid (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and its phylogenetic relationships among carnivorous non-mammalian eucynodonts Agustín G. MARTINELLI1, José F. BONAPARTE1-2, Cesar L. SCHULTZ2 and Rogerio RUBERT3 Abstract. A new tritheledontid, Irajatherium hernandezi gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of Brazil is described. The specimen consists of a left maxilla bearing the canine, five postcanines, and the alveolus of another one, two fragments of lower jaw, a humerus, and a femur. The association of the following features is unique for this taxon: 1) anterior upper postcanines transversely narrow bearing a higher cusp A and smaller cusp C; 2) last upper postcanines with higher, bulbous cusp A and smaller lingual cusps B and C, differing from Pachygenelus in lacking a buccal cingulum; 3) middle lower postcanines bearing a higher anterior cusp and three consecutively smaller posterior cusps, differing from Pachygenelus in lacking a lingual cingulum; 4) lower postcanines with sharp wear facets; 5) humerus with two thick osseous processes for the teres major muscle; and 6) femur with the greater trochanter at the head level and the lesser trochanter on the medial surface of the shaft. Our phylogenetic analysis placed I. hernandezi together with Riograndia guaibensis Bonaparte et al., Chaliminia musteloides Bonaparte, Pachygenelus monus Watson and Diarthrognathus broomi Crompton. These taxa represent the family Tritheledontidae. The presence of two kinds of upper postcanines in different replacement waves in Irajatherium could be a useful fea- ture for inference of possible mechanism of dental differentiation among non-mammalian cynodonts. -
Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships
RUSSIAN MARITIME REGISTER OF SHIPPING RULES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF SEA-GOING SHIPS PART I CLASSIFICATION Saint-Petersburg Edition 2019 Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships of Russian Maritime Register of Shipping have been approved in accordance with the established approval procedure and come into force on 1 January 2019. The present edition of the Rules is based on the 2018 edition taking into account the amendments developed immediately before publication. The unified requirements, interpretations and recommendations of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) and the relevant resolutions of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have been taken into consideration. The Rules are published in the following parts: Part I "Classification"; Part II "Hull"; Part III "Equipment, Arrangements and Outfit"; Part IV "Stability"; Part V "Subdivision"; Part VI "Fire Protection"; Part VII "Machinery Installations"; Part VIII "Systems and Piping"; Part IX "Machinery"; Part X "Boilers, Heat Exchangers and Pressure Vessels"; Part XI "Electrical Equipment"; Part XII "Refrigerating Plants"; Part XIII "Materials"; Part XIV "Welding"; Part XV "Automation"; Part XVI "Structure and Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Ships"; Part XVII "Distinguishing Marks and Descriptive Notations in the Class Notation Specifying Structural and Operational Particulars of Ships"; Part XVIII "Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers". The text of the Part is identical to that of the IACS Common Structural Rules; Part XIX "Additional Requirements for Structures of Container Ships and Ships, Dedicated Primarily to Carry their Load in Containers". The text of the Part is identical to IACS UR S11A "Longitudinal Strength Standard for Container Ships" (June 2015) and S34 "Functional Requirements on Load Cases for Strength Assessment of Container Ships by Finite Element Analysis" (May 2015).