DOCSLIB.ORG

Critical Realism Beyond Relativism – a Manifold Study of the Artworld in Beijing Thesis: Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Sociology Examiners: Prof

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Critical Realism Beyond Relativism – a Manifold Study of the Artworld in Beijing Thesis: Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Sociology Examiners: Prof Xiaoxue Gao Thinking of Space Relationally Urban Studies To all serious cosmopolites Xiaoxue Gao (Dr. phil.), born in 1987, works as a project manager and post-doc- toral researcher at the Institute of Architecture at Technical University of Berlin. Prior to that, she researched and studied in urban planning, human geography and sociology of space. She is interested in researching spatial transformation with a focus on counterculture space in China, and in exploring the cross-cultural social-spatial research methodologies. Xiaoxue Gao Thinking of Space Relationally Critical Realism Beyond Relativism – A Manifold Study of the Artworld in Beijing Thesis: Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Sociology Examiners: Prof. Dr. Martina Löw, Prof. Dr. Bettina Gransow-van Treeck, Prof. Dr. Mitsuhiro Tada The PhD research on which this book is based was funded by the China Scholar- ship Council (CSC). The publication of this book was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of the Technische Universität Berlin Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National- bibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http:// dnb.d-nb.de This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (BY-SA) which means that the text may be remixed, build upon and be distributed, provided credit is given to the author and that copies or adaptations of the work are released under the same or similar license. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons license terms for re-use do not apply to any content (such as graphs, figures, photos, excerpts, etc.) not original to the Open Access publication and further permission may be required from the rights holder. The obligation to research and clear permission lies solely with the party re-using the material. First published in 2021 by transcript Verlag, Bielefeld © Xiaoxue Gao Cover layout: Maria Arndt, Bielefeld Cover illustration: Xiaoxue Gao Printed by Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH, Wetzlar Print-ISBN 978-3-8376-5587-2 PDF-ISBN 978-3-8394-5587-6 https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839455876 Printed on permanent acid-free text paper. Contents Acknowledgment ........................................................................ 9 1 Introduction ........................................................................13 1.1 Research background ...............................................................13 1.2 Research question ................................................................. 27 1.3 Preliminary methodological concerns ............................................... 28 1.4 Research map and chapter contours ............................................... 43 Section One: Thinking of space relationally: traveling epistemic frames and local context of knowing and doing 2 Conceptual elucidations The epistemic frames and causality in relational spatial theories in the European context ............................................................ 47 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................ 47 2.2 The absolute-relational divergence and epistemic frames ........................... 49 2.3 Newtonian space and its implications for modern social theory ...................... 57 2.4 When relational space is re-inserted into the post-modern social science ............ 62 2.5 Summary .......................................................................... 80 3 Accounts of social space in traditional Chinese thought ........................... 83 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................... 83 3.2 The scope of Chinese literature and abductive reconstruction ....................... 84 3.3 The social subject, self-hood and self-other relations................................ 87 3.4 Things, names and truth-conditions................................................. 111 3.5 Summary ......................................................................... 122 4 Recontextualizing theoretical knowledge of space and the local context of knowing ................................................. 125 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................... 125 4.2 The ‘spatial turn’ in Chinese academia ............................................. 126 4.3 Spatial knowledge recontextualized and the social context of knowing ............. 134 4.4 Revised social constructivism and relational spatial knowledge on the ground ..................................................................... 148 4.5 Summary .......................................................................... 151 Section Two: The retroductive empirical research on the spatial constitution of Beijing’s artworld 5 Critical realism methodology and the study of an artworld ....................... 155 5.1 The polymorphic contemporary artworld in Beijing ................................. 155 5.2 Threefold research on Beijing’s artworld under Critical Realist principles ............157 5.3 Artworld as a space of political economy........................................... 164 5.4 Artworld as a space of everyday practices .......................................... 191 5.5 The artworld in Caochangdi: a manifold analysis .................................... 217 6 Conclusion........................................................................ 251 6.1 Critical realism and compressed modernity studying space relationally with plural social-spatial theories ...................... 252 6.2 Thinking of space relationally in local context ..................................... 255 References ............................................................................. 259 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1 Street view in Caochangdi. On the left side, the mixed-use residential area; On the right side, the gallery compound named “the red courtyard no.1.” (Photo by Xiaoxue Gao, November 2013, Caochangdi, Beijing, China)........................ 25 Figure 2 View from within the “the Red Courtyard No.1.” (Photo by Xiaoxue Gao, November 2013, Caochangdi, Beijing, China)............................................... 26 Figure 3 An Iceberg Metaphor for CR ontology. (Adapted from Amber J. Fletcher (2016), Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets method, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20:2, 181-194, fig. 1)......... 33 Figure 4 Bhaskar’s illustration on the distinction between constructivism and the transformational models of Society/Person Connection. (Bhaskar, Roy. The pos- sibility of naturalism: A philosophical critique of the contemporary human sci- ences. Routledge, 2014., 35-40) ........................................................... 36 Table 1 Deduction, Induction and Abduction – the informal structures of infer- ence (Adapted from Danermark, Berth, Mats Ekström, and Karlsson Jan Ch. 2005 [1997]. Explaining Society: Critical Realismin the Social Sciences. Critical realism: interventions. London, New York: Routledge, 90, table 3) ................................... 41 ......................................................................................... 43 Table 2 The Epistemic Frames of Absolute, Relative and Relational Space.................. 56 Figure5PlanofthesiteoftheritualcomplexbuiltbyWangMangasareconstruc- tion of ‘Ming Tang’ from antiquity. (Illustration from Wang, Aihe. 2000. Cosmology and Political Culture in Early China. Cambridge studies in Chinese history, litera- ture, and institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 170, fig. 4.1) ................ 114 Table 3 The five elements/phases (wuxing) categorization system, entailing sym- bolic correlations among both social and natural things. (Needham, Joseph. 2005 [1956]. Science and Civilisation in China: History of Scientific Thought 2. Cam- bridge: Cambridge University Press, 263, table 12)......................................... 116 Figure 6 The number of funded research projects entailing ‘national new-type urbanization’ sponsored by NSFC, 2008-2018. (calculated by Xiaoxue Gao)................. 129 Figure 7 China’s territorial administrative system in 2002. (Illustration from Ma, Laurence J.C. 2005. “Urban Administrative Restructuring, Changing Scale Re- lations and Local Economic Development in China.” Political Geography 24 (4): 477–97, 479, fig. 1) ....................................................................... 139 8 ThinkingofSpaceRelationally Figure8Narrativesofstudios,byafewestablishedcontemporaryChineseartists, at a group exhibition titled ‘The Studios.’ (Photo by Xiaoxue Gao, 2016.10. Qiao Space Gallery, Shanghai, China).......................................................... 202 Figure 9 A studio called Iowa in Caochangdi, transformed from a greenhouse by inhabited artists. (Photo courtesy, artist Zhang Ruo and Zeng Yilan, 2014. Caochangdi, Beijing, China) .............................................................. 203 Figure 10 Typical self-restructured ‘loft’ studio in Heiqiao village, Beijing. (Photo by Guzidao (2016), retrieved in October 2016 from https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/YYa bG2yNCp-EZFx3AYxMxQ) ................................................................. 205 Figure 11 A ‘loft’ studio in Songzhuang village, Tongzhou, Beijing. (Photo retrieved in September 2018, from Basha art (2018), https://www.94477.com/article/1959014 .html.) .................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download This PDF File
    Cover’s comment No stars When artists draw on materials and techniques from an area such as science, they must be able to keep free from demonstration and verification. It is to be good at having a lyrical approach, imagining “the Earth is still flat" and considering sci- ence and technology as mysterious and fantastic tools. In the proposed image, a model of the tetrahedron designed by the Canadian scientist and inventor Alexander Graham Bell as a module for the gliders is al- tered. The change is made by the torsion of a plane surface, through developing formal ambiguity, thus depriving the object of its aerodynamic function. The model was then made available to a group of people with whom the artist opened a dialogue. Hence a spontaneous conversation was triggered about the nature of the object itself, from which it turned out a kaleidoscope of assump- tions, definitions, visual projections, constituting the series "No stars". Some stretches of the dialogue: "There are surfaces to which you can adhere in a metaphorical sense"; "The rotate plane is a lever that multiplies these surfaces toward infinity"; "Ironic instruments punctuate the experience"; "I can still imagine the earth as flat". Reflection concerns the inevitable sophistication produced by the attempt to define a form. And this sophistication is a "problem" we have in common. In fact a strong ambiguity is always encountered when it is sought to define an object, for the object is not merely placed in a space, but is itself a space. By de-contextualizing the object we have a first difference of meaning and by altering it we have a second one.
    [Show full text]
  • Varieties of Familialism: Comparing Four Southern European and East Asian Welfare Regimes
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Saraceno, Chiara Article — Published Version Varieties of familialism: Comparing four southern European and East Asian welfare regimes Journal of european social policy Provided in Cooperation with: WZB Berlin Social Science Center Suggested Citation: Saraceno, Chiara (2016) : Varieties of familialism: Comparing four southern European and East Asian welfare regimes, Journal of european social policy, ISSN 1461-7269, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, Vol. 26, Iss. 4, pp. 314–326, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928716657275 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/171966 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu ESP0010.1177/0958928716657275Journal of European Social PolicySaraceno 657275research-article2016 Journal Of European Article Social Policy Journal of European Social Policy 2016, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSFORMATIONS Comparative Study of Social Transformations
    TRANSFORMATIONS comparative study of social transformations CSST WORKING PAPERS The University of Michigan Ann Arbor "Consumer Cultures, Political Discourse and the Problem of Cultural Politics" Fraflk Mort CSST Working CRSO Working Paper #86 Paper $482 Consumer Cultures, political Discourse and the Problem of Cultural Politics Frank Mort, Portsmouth Polytechnic, United Kingdom Paper Presented to Session IV of the 'Power' Conference, University of Michigan, USA, January 1992 Every quarter the Henley Centre for Forecasting publishes its survey of leisure in the United Kingdom. A prestige marketing organization, specializing in long-term planning for the consumer industries, Henley has developed a strong - track-record for in-depth social research. One of its survey findings makes particularly depressing, if familiar, reading. Throughout 1986 a sample profile was monitored for their main leisure patterns. What came out top were a list of late twentieth century pleasures which are principally made- available through market based structures: personal shopping, eating take-away meals, DIY, video watching. Right at the bottom of the list came politics. Going to a political meeting ranked on a par with a visit to the circus as one of our last likely things to do! Politics as something pleasurable, as something to do with one's disposable leisure time, it seems, is a decided non-starter. 1 This paper is focused via two inter-related themes touched on by the Henley Centre's survey: the articulation between a series of post-war political discourses and the leisure cultures of contemporary consumer capitalism. The arguments centre primarily on British politics and culture, though many of the debates reviewed present their analysis more globally, speaking of general characteristics of the 'advancedt industrial economies, the 'mature' democracies, and so on.
    [Show full text]
  • By Jennifer M. Fogel a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
    A MODERN FAMILY: THE PERFORMANCE OF “FAMILY” AND FAMILIALISM IN CONTEMPORARY TELEVISION SERIES by Jennifer M. Fogel A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Communication) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Amanda D. Lotz, Chair Professor Susan J. Douglas Professor Regina Morantz-Sanchez Associate Professor Bambi L. Haggins, Arizona State University © Jennifer M. Fogel 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe my deepest gratitude to the members of my dissertation committee – Dr. Susan J. Douglas, Dr. Bambi L. Haggins, and Dr. Regina Morantz-Sanchez, who each contributed their time, expertise, encouragement, and comments throughout this entire process. These women who have mentored and guided me for a number of years have my utmost respect for the work they continue to contribute to our field. I owe my deepest gratitude to my advisor Dr. Amanda D. Lotz, who patiently refused to accept anything but my best work, motivated me to be a better teacher and academic, praised my successes, and will forever remain a friend and mentor. Without her constructive criticism, brainstorming sessions, and matching appreciation for good television, I would have been lost to the wolves of academia. One does not make a journey like this alone, and it would be remiss of me not to express my humble thanks to my parents and sister, without whom seven long and lonely years would not have passed by so quickly. They were both my inspiration and staunchest supporters. Without their tireless encouragement, laughter, and nurturing this dissertation would not have been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Poststructuralism Understanding Movements in Modern Thought Series Editor: Jack Reynolds
    understanding poststructuralism Understanding Movements in Modern Thought Series Editor: Jack Reynolds Th is series provides short, accessible and lively introductions to the major schools, movements and traditions in philosophy and the history of ideas since the beginning of the Enlightenment. All books in the series are written for undergraduates meeting the subject for the fi rst time. Published Understanding Existentialism Understanding Virtue Ethics Jack Reynolds Stan van Hooft Understanding Poststructuralism James Williams Forthcoming titles include Understanding Empiricism Understanding Hermeneutics Robert Meyers Lawrence Schmidt Understanding Ethics Understanding Naturalism Tim Chappell Jack Ritchie Understanding Feminism Understanding Phenomenology Peta Bowden and Jane Mummery David Cerbone Understanding German Idealism Understanding Rationalism Will Dudley Charlie Heunemann Understanding Hegelianism Understanding Utilitarianism Robert Sinnerbrink Tim Mulgan understanding poststructuralism James Williams For Richard and Olive It is always about who you learn from. © James Williams, 2005 Th is book is copyright under the Berne Convention. No reproduction without permission. All rights reserved. First published in 2005 by Acumen Acumen Publishing Limited 15a Lewins Yard East Street Chesham Bucks HP5 1HQ www.acumenpublishing.co.uk ISBN 1-84465-032-4 (hardcover) ISBN 1-84465-033-2 (paperback) Work on Chapter 3 was supported by British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British
    [Show full text]
  • Heidegger and the Hermeneutics of the Body
    International Journal of Gender and Women’s Studies June 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 16-25 ISSN: 2333-6021 (Print), 2333-603X (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijgws.v3n1p3 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v3n1p3 Heidegger and the Hermeneutics of the Body Jesus Adrian Escudero1 Abstract Phenomenology, Feminist Studies and Ecologism have accused Heidegger repeatedly for not having taken into account the phenomenon of the body. Without denying the validity of such critiques, the present article focuses its attention first on the question of Dasein’s neutrality and asexuality. Then it analyzes Heidegger’s remarks on temporality as the horizon of all meaning, paying special attention to its significance for Butler’s notion of performativity. Keywords: body, Dasein, gesture, performativity, temporality In Being and Time we find only one reference to corporeality in the context of Heidegger’s analysis of spatiality. Therefore, his analysis of human existence is often accused of forgetting about the body. This criticism has particular force in the field of French phenomenology. Alphonse de Waehlens, for instance, lamented the absence of the fundamental role that the body and perception play in our everyday understanding of things. Jean-Paul Sartre expanded upon this line of criticism by emphasizing the importance of the body as the first point of contact that human beings establish with their world. However, in the context of the first generation of French phenomenologists, Maurice Merleau-Ponty was undoubtedly the first whose systematic analysis of bodily perception established the basis for a revision of Heidegger’s understanding of human life (Askay, 1999: 29-35).
    [Show full text]
  • Aesthetic Space: the Visible and the Invisible in Urban Agency
    Aesthetic Space: The Visible and the Invisible in Urban Agency THÈSE NO 6445 (2017) PRÉSENTÉE LE 16 MAI 2017 À LA FACULTÉ DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT NATUREL, ARCHITECTURAL ET CONSTRUIT LABORATOIRE CHÔROS PROGRAMME DOCTORAL EN ARCHITECTURE ET SCIENCES DE LA VILLE ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES PAR Mirza TURSIĆ acceptée sur proposition du jury: Prof. B. Marchand, président du jury Prof. J. Lévy, directeur de thèse Prof. M. Jakob, rapporteur Prof. L. Matthey, rapporteur Dr L. Pattaroni, rapporteur Suisse 2017 Acknowledgements First, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Prof. Jacques Lévy for his continuous support, motivation and thoroughness. His incisiveness and intellectual acuity were fundamental throughout the research and writing phases of this thesis. I thank him for teaching me that one should not find their way, but invent it. Additional thanks go to Prof. Bruno Marchand, Prof. Michael Jakob, Prof. Laurent Matthey and Dr. Luca Pattaroni for their participation on my thesis committee. Their feedback and ideas remain an invaluable inspiration for my future scientific activities. My sincere thanks also go to Prof. Ognjenka Finci, Prof. Lemja Chabbouh Akšamija and Prof. Adnan Pašić for their crucial support at the very beginning of my academic odyssee. I recognize that this research would not have been possible without the Swiss government, from which I received a three-year excellence scholarship through the Federal Commission for Scholarships for Foreign Students (FCS). I am particularly grateful to Karin Delavy-Juillerat and Nathalie Miazza for their unfailing support from my very first day at the EPFL.
    [Show full text]
  • LIS Working Paper Series
    LIS Working Paper Series No. 766 Income, Familialism and Women’s Economic Independence Kaitlin Alper June 2019 Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), asbl Income, Familialism and Women’s Economic Independence Income, Familialism and Women’s Economic Independence Kaitlin Alper Abstract This paper explores the dynamics of women’s economic independence at the individual household level and its relationship to country-level income distributions. I posit a nega- tive relationship between income and women’s economic independence. Using detailed household-level data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) across thirteen advanced capitalist democracies, I show that women at upper ends of the income distribution con- sistently have less within-household economic independence than do their counterparts at the bottom of the distribution. I then show that this negative relationship is sensitive to political characteristics at the country level. In countries whose policies support a male breadwinner model, women’s economic independence is lower across the board than in other types of countries; in gender egalitarian countries, it is higher. Family policies do not, however, have a significant impact on the income stratification of women’s eco- nomic independence. These results suggest that social policy characteristics and labor market dynamics have important implications for gender equity both within and between households. 1 1 Introduction Over the past three decades, income inequality has been increasing throughout the advanced capitalist world (Piketty, 2014). For women, gendered income inequality in partic- ular has significant sociological implications, including unequal division of household labor and increased likelihood of abuse within relationships (Kalmuss and Straus, 1982; Brines, 1994; Macmillan and Gartner, 1999; Morris, 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Temporality and Historicality of Dasein at Martin Heidegger
    Sincronía ISSN: 1562-384X [email protected] Universidad de Guadalajara México Temporality and historicality of dasein at martin heidegger. Javorská, Andrea Temporality and historicality of dasein at martin heidegger. Sincronía, no. 69, 2016 Universidad de Guadalajara, México Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=513852378011 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Filosofía Temporality and historicality of dasein at martin heidegger. Andrea Javorská [email protected] Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Eslovaquia Abstract: Analysis of Heidegger's work around historicity as an ontological problem through the existential analytic of Being Dasein. It seeks to find the significant structure of temporality represented by the historicity of Dasein. Keywords: Heidegger, Existentialism, Dasein, Temporality. Resumen: Análisis de la obra de Heidegger en tornoa la historicidad como problema ontológico a través de la analítica existencial del Ser Dasein. Se pretende encontrar la estructura significativa de temporalidad representada por la historicidad del Dasein. Palabras clave: Heidegger, Existencialismo, Dasein, Temporalidad. Sincronía, no. 69, 2016 Universidad de Guadalajara, México Martin Heidegger and his fundamental ontology shows that the question Received: 03 August 2015 Revised: 28 August 2015 of history belongs among the most fundamental questions of human Accepted:
    [Show full text]
  • Schelling: Understanding German Idealism
    SCHELLING Understanding German Idealism ◊ by Michael Tsarion Copyright ©2016 Unslaved Media. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the publisher's permission. First Kindle Edition, July 2016 DEDICATIONS This book is dedicated to the memory of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Eduard von Hartmann, Jacob Bohme, Meister Eckhart, Nicholas Cusanus, George Berkeley, William Blake, Rudolf Steiner, Wilhelm Reich, Gustave Le Bon, Ayn Rand, Alvin Boyd Kuhn and Otto Rank. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To Chris for technical support. To Bryan Magee. To Alan for being a good teacher way back then. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. The Problem of Idealism 2. Back to the Mirror 3. The Freedom of Man 4. The Existential Trinity 5. The Fall of Albion 6. Nothing Higher Than Beauty 7. The Absolute Idealism of Hegel About Author INTRODUCTION Great things are done when men and mountains meet – William Blake I first began studying academic philosophy at a community college in Belfast in 1987. Although I did not take the classes to matriculate, my interest in Western philosophy, which had always been sincere, was enhanced considerably. We were fortunate to have a captivating tutor, a very rare thing in Northern Ireland in those days. Unlike ordinary school we were permitted to wear our own clothes rather than uniforms and even allowed to go about the college smoking. It was a barely bearable experience, but mission accomplished I activated my little grey cells and learned many interesting things.
    [Show full text]
  • Masterpiece Era Puerh GLOBAL EA HUT Contentsissue 83 / December 2018 Tea & Tao Magazine Blue藍印 Mark
    GL BAL EA HUT Tea & Tao Magazine 國際茶亭 December 2018 紅 印 藍 印印 級 Masterpiece Era Puerh GLOBAL EA HUT ContentsIssue 83 / December 2018 Tea & Tao Magazine Blue藍印 Mark To conclude this amazing year, we will be explor- ing the Masterpiece Era of puerh tea, from 1949 to 1972. Like all history, understanding the eras Love is of puerh provides context for today’s puerh pro- duction. These are the cakes producers hope to changing the world create. And we are, in fact, going to drink a com- memorative cake as we learn! bowl by bowl Features特稿文章 37 A Brief History of Puerh Tea Yang Kai (楊凱) 03 43 Masterpiece Era: Red Mark Chen Zhitong (陳智同) 53 Masterpiece Era: Blue Mark Chen Zhitong (陳智同) 37 31 Traditions傳統文章 03 Tea of the Month “Blue Mark,” 2000 Sheng Puerh, Yunnan, China 31 Gongfu Teapot Getting Started in Gongfu Tea By Shen Su (聖素) 53 61 TeaWayfarer Gordon Arkenberg, USA © 2018 by Global Tea Hut 藍 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be re- produced, stored in a retrieval system 印 or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, pho- tocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the copyright owner. n December,From the weather is much cooler in Taiwan.the We This is an excitingeditor issue for me. I have always wanted to are drinking Five Element blends, shou puerh and aged find a way to take us on a tour of the eras of puerh. Puerh sheng. Occasionally, we spice things up with an aged from before 1949 is known as the “Antique Era (號級茶時 oolong or a Cliff Tea.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Spatial Approach Or the New Urban Sociology the Lecture
    Objectives_template Module 3: Theories of Urban Sociology Lecture 22: Socio-spatial Approach or the New Urban Sociology The Lecture Contains: Henri Lefebvre The ctiy and the 'genaeral law of capitalist accumulation'. Circuits of capital. 'Abstract and Social space' David Harvey Second Circuit of Capital and other social factors A global view of metropolitan development References file:///D|/NPTL%20WORK/Dr.%20Anindita%20Chakrabarti/UrbanSociology/lecture22/22_1.htm [5/31/2013 10:37:34 AM] Objectives_template Module 3: Theories of Urban Sociology Lecture 22: Socio-spatial Approach or the New Urban Sociology The concept of uneven development, as developed by Karl Marx, has been applied by the theorists of the socio- spatial school in order to explain the city building process. According to Marx, a major contradiction of capitalism lies in the simultaneous emergence of concentrations of wealth and capital, on one hand, and poverty and dispossession, on the other. This ‘general law of capitalist accumulation’ as Marx termed it, highlights the capital-labour conflict. It was in the 1970s that the Marxian tradition was revived in urban sociology. In this lecture we will discuss the socio-spatial approach as developed in the works of Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey. From this perspective the capitalist mode of production was based on a spatial dynamic. Urban analysis was influenced by the work of Henri Lefebvre for whom the unevenness in accumulation and ownership is expressed spatially in terms of inequalities in the residential pattern and in the provision of urban services. Lefebvre dealt with the organization of space as a material product, delineating the relationship between social and spatial structures of urbanism.
    [Show full text]