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8 the Portuguese Second Fleet Under the Command of Álvares Cabral Crosses the Atlantic and Reaches India (1500-1501)
Amerigo Vespucci: The Historical Context of His Explorations and Scientific Contribution Pietro Omodeo 8 The Portuguese Second Fleet Under the Command of Álvares Cabral Crosses the Atlantic and Reaches India (1500-1501) Summary 8.1 On the Way to India the Portuguese Second Fleet Stops Over in Porto Seguro. – 8.2 Cabral’s Fleet Reaches India. 8.1 On the Way to India the Portuguese Second Fleet Stops Over in Porto Seguro In Portugal, King Manuel, having evaluated the successes achieved and er- rors made during the voyage of the First Fleet (or First Armada), quickly organised the voyage of the Second Fleet to the East Indies. On March 9, 1500, this fleet of thirteen ships, i.e. four caravels and nine larger vessels, carrying a total of 1,400 men (sailors, soldiers and merchants), set sail from Lisbon. Two ships were chartered, one from the Florentines Bartolomeo Marchionni and Girolamo Sernigi, the other from Diogo da Silva, Count of Portalegre. The 240-ton flagshipEl Rey and ten other ships were equipped with heavy artillery and belonged to the Crown. The fleet was under the command of the young nobleman Pedro Álvar- es Cabral (1467-1520) and its mission was to reach the markets of the In- dian Ocean. For this reason, no expense had been spared in equipping the ships; in addition to the artillery they carried a large amount of money and goods for exchange (mainly metals: lead, copper and mercury), and many glittering gifts to be distributed, created by refined artisans. King Manuel remembered Vasco da Gama’s humiliation over the small size of his ships and gifts, and intended to present himself on the eastern markets as a great king whose magnificence could rival that of the Indian princes. -
Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 4B106
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(5)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
Who Read the Romances of Chivalry? 211 the Immediate Sources of These Observations Need Not Concern As Here
l lVH0 READ THE ROMANCES OF CHIVALRY? By Dimiel Eisenberg jgE ROMANCES OF CHIVALRY WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT of the nresent discussion are those which were written in Castilian in jjje sixteenth century. The conclusions should also be valid for Tirante el Blanco, Amadís de Gaula, and the Sergas de Esplandián, gil of which were probably considered to be sixteenth-century Castilian works by the readers of the period. Specifically excluded are those short works, of the fifteenth century or earlier, translated into Spanish, such as Oliveros de Castilla, Partinuplés de Bles, or Enrique fi de Oliva; they are quite different works, and to a degree were translated and published for a different public. (They are scarcely mentioned in the Quijote.) In any event, they do not form parí of Spanish literature.2 i Tbis article was read in the Spanish 2 section of the December, 1972 meeting of the Modera Language Association of America. Its researcfa was greatly facilitated by the Smith Fund and the University Research Council of the University of North Carolina, and by the Brown University Library. 1 would like to express my appreciation to Keith Whinnom, Merritt Cox, and James Burke for reading this paper and making helpful suggestions; to Juan Bautista Avalle-Arce for his assistance with sections of the Appendix; and to Ricardo Arias for permitting the Hispanic Society of America to make o copy of Rosián de Castilla for my examination. 2 These works, printed in large quantities at modest pnces, are lumped together as "menudencias" in the book order reproduced by Irving Leonard, "Best Sellers of the Lima Book Trade, 1583," HÁHR, 22 (1942), 30-31, and elsewhere; it is, of course, to them that Julio Caro Baroja, Ensayo sobre la literatura de cordel (Madrid: Revista de Occidente, 1969), pp. -
Collecting Portuguese Ballads1
Oral Tradition, 2/2-3 (1987): 547-72 Collecting Portuguese Ballads1 Manuel da Costa Fontes Á memória de meu tio Manuel Soares, (✝1984), que tanto ajudou com a recolha do Romanceiro da Ilha de S. Jorge. The Spanish began to publish extensive collections dedicated exclusively to their ballads in the middle of the sixteenth century (see Rodríguez-Moñino 1973). These collections included versions of many poems that had already become traditional, for they were being sung by common people throughout Spain. Although the Portuguese were also singing ballads at that time,2 nothing of the sort was done in Portugal. This lack of ancient documentation renders the modern Portuguese tradition even more signifi cant. Without the poems that have been transmitted from generation to generation throughout the centuries, our knowledge of the ancient Portuguese tradition would be very limited indeed. The systematic collection of ballads was begun by Almeida Garrett in 1824. Having been forced into exile for political reasons, he was inspired by the example of the English Romantics, and made his early fi ndings known through the publication of Adozinda while still abroad (London, 1828). Since he was the fi rst to publicize the fact that ballads from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance were still being sung by common people in Iberia, he is the “father” of all subsequent fi eldwork undertaken in Portugal, Spain, and in the other Pan-Hispanic traditions as well (see Costa Fontes 1983-84b:54-55). My own fi eldwork began among the Portuguese in California in 1970. Although I had heard ballads being sung within my own family since childhood, I became aware of their importance only when I took a course on the Spanish ballad from Professor Arthur 548 MANUEL DA COSTA FONTES L.-F. -
The Sephardi Jewish Orphans of Sao-Tome and the African -American Appropriation of Their Story
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-26-2019 Making History: The Sephardi Jewish Orphans of Sao-Tome and the African -American Appropriation of their Story Arinze D. Amanfo Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Amanfo, Arinze D., "Making History: The Sephardi Jewish Orphans of Sao-Tome and the African -American Appropriation of their Story" (2019). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3960. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3960 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida MAKIN G HI STORY: THE SEPHA R D I JEWISH ORPH A N S OF S Ã O TO MÉ AND THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN APPROPRIATION OF THEIR STORY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER O F ARTS in RELIGIOUS STUDIES by Arinze Am anfo 2019 To: Dean John F. Stack, Jr. S teven J. G reen S chool of Interna tional and P ublic A ffairs This thesis, written by Arinze Amanfo, and entitled Making History: The Sephardi Jewish Orphans of São Tomé and the African-American Appropriation of Their Story, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. -
Redalyc.The First List of Malayalam Words at the End of 15Th Century By
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas ISSN: 1981-8122 [email protected] Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Brasil Fernandes, Gonçalo The first list of Malayalam words at the end of 15th century by a Portuguese seaman Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, vol. 11, núm. 3, septiembre-diciembre, 2016, pp. 793-809 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=394054354014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Hum., Belém, v. 11, n. 3, p. 793-809, set.-dez. 2016 The first list of Malayalam words at the end of 15th century by a Portuguese seaman A primeira lista de palavras do malaiala escrito por um marinheiro português no final do século XV Gonçalo Fernandes Universidade de Trás-os-Montes Alto Douro. Centro de Estudos em Letras, Vila Real, Portugal Abstract: MS-804 from the Municipal Library of Porto, Portugal, is a unique copy of the journal of the first voyage to India under Vasco da Gama’s (ca. 1460–1524) command. It describes the voyage subsequent to the departure from the Tagus River, Portugal, on 8 July 1497 until the return up the shallows of the Grande River de Buba, Guinea, on 25 April 1499. The author of the original of this account is probably Álvaro Velho (fl. -
Christopher Columbus a Greek Nobleman
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS A GREEK NOBLEMAN © James L. Marketos 2008 A Lecture Presented to the Hellenic Society “Prometheas” Friday, October 3, 2008 at 7:30 p.m. St. George Greek Orthodox Church, Founders Hall 7701 Bradley Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20817 Introduction When I was young, I could count on an argument with my father every year right around this time -- around Columbus Day. I would insist that Christopher Columbus was Italian -- Genoese to be precise -- as I had been taught in school. My father would smile and respond, “No, he was Greek.” I would roll my eyes, thinking this was just another example of ardent Greek chauvinism. “And I’ve got the book to prove it,” he would continue, pointing to a blue-covered book high on a shelf. That book came to me after my father died. And last year, around Columbus Day, I decided to find out what my father had been talking about. So I pulled the book off the shelf and, rather skeptically, began to read it. I simply could not 2 put it down; and when I was finished it completely changed my thinking about Christopher Columbus. This evening, I would like to bring that book and its thesis to your attention, and reconsider with you the possibility that Columbus was in fact Greek. It turns out that we know precious little about Columbus before he “sailed the ocean blue in 1492.” There is very little documentary evidence about him before about 1476, when he says he arrived in Portugal. And Columbus was cryptic about his origins -- some say purposely. -
Overseas Elements in Portuguese Armorials from the Modern Era
Overseas Elements in Portuguese Armorials from the Modern Era Miguel Metelo de Seixas1 Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the presence of overseas elements in the armorials compiled in Portugal between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. Such representations frequently took the form of elements inserted into the coats of arms of families linked to overseas expansion, both through the addition of already existing insignia and the creation of new devices. However, from a certain time onwards, they also included the coats of arms attributed to the political entities exercising power in overseas territories that were either subject to the authority of the king of Portugal or subsidiary thereto. This was the case, for example, with some attempts at heraldic acculturation on the part of a restricted but significant group of municipalities. Keywords Heraldry; Overseas; Iconography of power; Visual culture; Modern Era Resumo O objectivo do presente artigo consiste em analisar a presença do Ultramar nos armoriais coligidos em Portugal entre os séculos XV e XVIII. Tais representações podem tomar a forma de elementos inseridos nas armas de famílias ligadas à expansão ultramarina, tanto por acrescentamento de insígnias já existentes, como por criação de emblemas novos. Mas abrangem também, a partir de certa altura, as armas atribuídas às próprias entidades políticas que exerciam o poder nos territórios ultramarinos submetidos à autoridade do rei de Portugal ou subsidiários a ela: caso de algumas tentativas de aculturação heráldica de organizações políticas autóctones e, sobretudo, de um conjunto restrito, mas significativo de municípios. Palavras-chave Heráldica; Ultramar; Representação do poder; Cultura visual; Idade Moderna 1 Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Universidade Lusíada, Lisbon, Portugal. -
A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic
Dear Reader, This book was referenced in one of the 185 issues of 'The Builder' Magazine which was published between January 1915 and May 1930. To celebrate the centennial of this publication, the Pictoumasons website presents a complete set of indexed issues of the magazine. As far as the editor was able to, books which were suggested to the reader have been searched for on the internet and included in 'The Builder' library.' This is a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by one of several organizations as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. Wherever possible, the source and original scanner identification has been retained. Only blank pages have been removed and this header- page added. The original book has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books belong to the public and 'pictoumasons' makes no claim of ownership to any of the books in this library; we are merely their custodians. Often, marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in these files – a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Since you are reading this book now, you can probably also keep a copy of it on your computer, so we ask you to Keep it legal. -
The Influence of Roman Catholic Mission on Comity Agreements: Development of Territorial Division in Christian Mission History
KOREA PRESBYTERIAN JOURNAL OF THEOLOGY Vol. 52 No. 4 The Influence of Roman Catholic Mission on Comity Agreements: Development of Territorial Division in Christian Mission History BYUN Chang-Uk, Ph.D. Professor, Mission History Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary, South Korea I. Introduction II. Biblical and Historical References to the Territorial Division III. Line of Demarcation between the Two Catholic Powers IV. Patronato Real (Padroado) V. Precursors to Comity Agreements VI. Conclusion Korea Presbyterian Journal of Theology Vol. 52 No. 4 (2020. 11), 159-186 DOI: 10.15757/kpjt.2020.52.4.006 160 KOREA PRESBYTERIAN JOURNAL OF THEOLOGY Vol. 52 No. 4 Abstract This paper examines how the territorial division of the Roman Catholic Church has influenced the mission practices of the Protestant Church. Spain and Portugal, the two Catholic maritime powers, took the lead in pioneering the New World. In 1493, the Pope gave the two kings of the Iberian countries the right (patronato real) to colonize and Christianize the new colonies. The Pope entrusted this task to the kings of Spain and Portugal and divided the world into two regions distributed between them. The kings of Portugal and Spain performed their missions sincerely at first, but as time passed, they failed to fulfill their missions properly. To resolve this situation, the Holy See established the Propaganda Fide in 1622 and granted the jus commissionis (the right of entrustment) to the religious orders. Special authority was granted to the missionary order to carry out mission work in the designated area. Other missionary societies were not allowed to enter the field without the consent of the preoccupying missionary order. -
International Memory of the World Register
International Memory of the World Register Roteiro da primeira viagem de Vasco da Gama à Índia, 1497-1499 (Journal of the first voyage of Vasco da Gama to India, 1497-1499) (Portugal) 2012-16 1.0 Summary (max 200 words) The Journal of the first voyage of Vasco da Gama to India, 1497-1499, an anonymous work, is a real testimony of how Vasco da Gama, in command of a fleet, seeked to discover the sea route to India. His pioneer sea voyage to India is one of the defining moments that changed the course of history. Apart from being one of the greatest pieces of European seamanship of that time, his journey acted as a catalyst for a series of events that would change the world. The voyage described in this Journal settled a stage in the globalization of trade; was an occasion of unprecedented cultural encounters and allowed a new route of exchange of influence between the west and the east. It represents a unique moment for the world at that time, changing an established paradigm. This manuscript, written by an eyewitness who participated in the voyage - and who, through the descriptions, enables the readers to feel they are eye witnessing and participating in the voyage-, is a unique and irreplaceable document that has a world relevance as it represents an undoubtedly breakthrough in the history of mankind. 2.0 Nominator 2.1 Name of nominator (person or organization) Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto/Câmara Municipal do Porto Public Library of Porto/Municipality of Porto 2.2 Relationship to the nominated documentary heritage Owner of the manuscript and custodial body. -
Columbus and Vespucci
The Power of the Winds Columbus may have been persuaded by an axiom attributed to Aristotle, that “one could cross from Spain to the Indies in a few days.” Or by the oft-repeated prophecy of Seneca, "An age will come after many years when the Ocean will loose the chain of things, and a huge land lie revealed; when Tiphys will disclose new worlds and Thule no more be the Ultimate." Seneca, Tiphys, legendary leader of the Argonauts Thule (Tile on the map), the most northern Roman Statesman, known extent, thought to be an island by the Philosopher, Romans. Thule was likely Scandinavia. Playwriter Mistakes by Ptolemy that motivated Christopher Columbus • Asia stretched 180 degrees around the globe, where as its actual extent is 130 degrees • The size of Ptolemy’s nautical mile was 57 miles per degree of longitude, where as the real number is 69 • Didn’t know about the American continent • Africa’s southern extent was landlocked with a great southern continent, making an eastward passage impossible Columbus also thought that, as stated in the Bible, the earth was 6/7 (86%) land. The first two led Columbus to conclude the eastern extent of Asia was a lot closer (and on the order of the actual distance to the American Continent it turns out). Not all scholars adopted Columbus’ numbers however. The Enterprise of the Indies Genoa, where Columbus spent the first 22 years of his life, had struggled against Venice for maritime dominance of the Mediterranean. In Columbus' youth, Genoa was a flourishing center of shipbuilding and seafaring.