212155Orig1s000

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

212155Orig1s000 CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION NUMBER: 212155Orig1s000 MULTI-DISCIPLINE REVIEW Summary Review Office Director Cross Discipline Team Leader Review Clinical Review Non-Clinical Review Statistical Review Clinical Pharmacology Review NDA 212155 18F-Fluoroestradiol Multi-disciplinary Review and Evaluation NDA/BLA Multi-Disciplinary Review and Evaluation Application Type 505(b)(2) Application Number NDA 212155 Priority or Standard Standard Submit Date February 27, 2019 Received Date February 27, 2019 PDUFA Goal Date May 27, 2020 Division/Office Division of Imaging and Radiation Medicine (DIRM) / Office of Specialty Medicine (OSM) Review Completion Date May 20, 2020 Established/Proper Name Fluoroestradiol F 18 (Proposed) Trade Name Cerianna Pharmacologic Class Radioactive Diagnostic Agent for Positron Emission Tomography Applicant Zionexa Dosage form Injection Applicant Proposed Dosing 222 MBq with an allowable range from 111 MBq to 222 MBq (3 mCi Regimen to 6 mCi) Applicant Proposed For use with positron emission tomography (PET imaging) for (b) (4) Indication(s)/Population(s) characterization of estrogen receptor (ER) status breast cancer. Applicant Proposed SNOMED CT Indication Disease Term 363678002 |Positron emission tomographic imaging - action for each Proposed Indication Recommendation on Approval Regulatory Action Recommended For use with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for Indication(s)/Population(s) detection of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive lesions as an adjunct to (if applicable) biopsy in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Limitations of Use: Tissue biopsy should be used to confirm recurrence of breast cancer and to verify ER status by pathology. Cerianna is not useful for imaging other receptors, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and the progesterone receptor (PR). Recommended SNOMED CT Indication Disease Term for 315004001 |Metastasis from malignant tumor of breast (disorder) each Indication (if applicable) Recommended Dosing 222 MBq (6 mCi), with a range of 111 MBq to 222 MBq (3 mCi to 6 Regimen mCi), administered as a single intravenous injection of 10 mL or less over 1 to 2 minutes 1 Version date: October 12, 2018 Reference ID: 4610895 NDA 212155 18F-Fluoroestradiol Multi-disciplinary Review and Evaluation Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ 2 Table of Tables .................................................................................................................... 5 Table of Figures ................................................................................................................... 6 Reviewers of Multi-Disciplinary Review and Evaluation .................................................... 7 Glossary ............................................................................................................................... 8 1. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 9 Product Introduction ................................................................................................ 9 Conclusions on the Substantial Evidence of Effectiveness ...................................... 9 Benefit-Risk Assessment ........................................................................................ 10 Patient Experience Data ......................................................................................... 13 2. Therapeutic Context ..................................................................................................... 14 Analysis of Condition .............................................................................................. 14 3. Regulatory Background ................................................................................................. 15 U.S. Regulatory Actions and Marketing History ..................................................... 15 Summary of Presubmission/Submission Regulatory Activity ................................ 15 Foreign Regulatory Actions and Marketing History ............................................... 16 4. Significant Issues from Other Review Disciplines Pertinent to Clinical Conclusions on Efficacy and Safety ............................................................................. 16 Office of Scientific Investigations (OSI) .................................................................. 16 Product Quality ....................................................................................................... 16 Clinical Microbiology .............................................................................................. 17 Devices and Companion Diagnostic Issues ............................................................ 17 Office of Oncologic Disease (OOD) ......................................................................... 17 5. Nonclinical Pharmacology/Toxicology .......................................................................... 18 Executive Summary ................................................................................................ 18 Referenced NDAs, BLAs, DMFs ............................................................................... 20 Pharmacology ......................................................................................................... 20 ADME/PK ................................................................................................................ 21 Toxicology ............................................................................................................... 22 General Toxicology .......................................................................................... 22 Genetic Toxicology ........................................................................................... 24 Carcinogenicity ................................................................................................ 25 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology ................................................. 25 Other Toxicology Studies ................................................................................. 25 2 Version date: October 12, 2018 Reference ID: 4610895 NDA 212155 18F-Fluoroestradiol Multi-disciplinary Review and Evaluation 6. Clinical Pharmacology ................................................................................................... 25 Executive Summary ................................................................................................ 25 Summary of Clinical Pharmacology Assessment .................................................... 26 General Dosing and Therapeutic Individualization ......................................... 26 Comprehensive Clinical Pharmacology Review ..................................................... 26 General Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics ......................... 26 Clinical Pharmacology Questions .................................................................... 27 7. Sources of Clinical Data and Review Strategy ............................................................... 29 Table of Clinical Studies .......................................................................................... 29 Review Strategy ...................................................................................................... 31 8. Statistical and Clinical and Evaluation .......................................................................... 31 Review of Relevant Individual Trials Used to Support Efficacy .............................. 31 Study 1 (Chae et al. 2019) ................................................................................ 31 Study Results .................................................................................................... 35 Assessment of Efficacy Across Trials ............................................................... 38 Review of Safety ..................................................................................................... 42 Review of the Safety Database ........................................................................ 42 Adequacy of Applicant’s Clinical Safety Assessments ..................................... 42 Safety Results ................................................................................................... 43 Analysis of Submission-Specific Safety Issues ................................................. 45 Clinical Outcome Assessment Analyses Informing Safety/Tolerability ........... 45 Safety Analyses by Demographic Subgroups................................................... 45 Specific Safety Studies/Clinical Trials............................................................... 46 Additional Safety Explorations ........................................................................ 46 Safety in the Postmarket Setting ..................................................................... 46 Integrated Assessment of Safety ................................................................... 46 Statistical Issues ...................................................................................................... 46 Conclusions and Recommendations ...................................................................... 48 9. Advisory Committee Meeting and Other External Consultations ................................ 49 10. Pediatrics ....................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Prospective Study on Gynaecological Effects of Two Antioestrogens Tamoxifen and Toremifene in Postmenopausal Women
    British Journal of Cancer (2001) 84(7), 897–902 © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign doi: 10.1054/ bjoc.2001.1703, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on http://www.bjcancer.com Prospective study on gynaecological effects of two antioestrogens tamoxifen and toremifene in postmenopausal women MB Marttunen1, B Cacciatore1, P Hietanen2, S Pyrhönen2, A Tiitinen1, T Wahlström3 and O Ylikorkala1 1Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 140, FIN-00029 HYKS, Finland; 2Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 180, FIN-00029 HYKS, Finland; 3Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 140, FIN-00029 HYKS, Finland Summary To assess and compare the gynaecological consequences of the use of 2 antioestrogens we examined 167 postmenopausal breast cancer patients before and during the use of either tamoxifen (20 mg/day, n = 84) or toremifene (40 mg/day, n = 83) as an adjuvant treatment of stage II–III breast cancer. Detailed interview concerning menopausal symptoms, pelvic examination including transvaginal sonography (TVS) and collection of endometrial sample were performed at baseline and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of treatment. In a subgroup of 30 women (15 using tamoxifen and 15 toremifene) pulsatility index (PI) in an uterine artery was measured before and at 6 and 12 months of treatment. The mean (±SD) follow-up time was 2.3 ± 0.8 years. 35% of the patients complained of vasomotor symptoms before the start of the trial. This rate increased to 60.0% during the first year of the trial, being similar among patients using tamoxifen (57.1%) and toremifene (62.7%).
    [Show full text]
  • Epilepsy & Seizure
    Epilepsy & Seizure Journal of Japan Epilepsy Society Vol.4 No.1 (2011) pp.15-25 Original Article Usefulness of 123I-iomazenil SPECT for childhood focal epilepsies 1) 1) 1) 1) Kentaro Okamoto, MD , Hirokazu Oguni, MD , Yoshiko Hirano, MD , Makiko Osawa, MD 1Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan Key words: focal epilepsy, children, 123I-iomazenil SPECT, epileptic foci Published online July 29, 2011 Abstract Purpose: We investigated the usefulness of obtained from visualization of IMZ-SPECT 123I-iomazenil (IMZ-) SPECT to detect epilep- images and those speculated based on a com- tic foci in children with symptomatic focal bination of clinical manifestations, EEG find- epilepsy (SFE). ings, and brain MRI. We then verified the Subjects: 21 children with SFE who under- concordance of the results between the two went IMZ-SPECT to identify the epileptic fo- methods. cus were studied. Results: There was concordance in both later- Methods: We retrospectively compared the alization and localization in 9/12 patients with localization and lateralization of epileptic foci temporal lobe epilepsy (75%), in 2/5 patients Correspondence to: Hirokazu Oguni, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan Tel. 81-3-3353-8111, Fax. 81-3-5269-7338, [email protected] 15 Kentaro Okamoto, et al. IMZ-SPECT for childhood epilepsy with frontal lobe epilepsy (40%), and in 2/4 interictal/ictal cerebral blood flow single pho- patients with parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy ton emission computed tomography (SPECT) (50%).
    [Show full text]
  • Imaging in Parkinson's Disease
    Clinical Medicine 2016 Vol 16, No 4: 371–5 CME MOVEMENT DISORDERS I m a g i n g i n P a r k i n s o n ’ s d i s e a s e Authors: G e n n a r o P a g a n o , A F l a v i a N i c c o l i n i B a n d M a r i o s P o l i t i s C The clinical presentation of Parkinson’s disease (PD) Abnormal intra-neuronal (Lewy bodies) and intra-neuritic is heterogeneous and overlaps with other conditions, (Lewy neurites) deposits of fibrillary aggregates are currently including the parkinsonian variant of multiple system considered the key neuropathological alterations in PD. atrophy (MSA-P), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and The majority of these aggregates, mainly composed of alpha essential tremor. Imaging of the brain in patients with (α)−synuclein, are located at presynaptic level and impair ABSTRACT parkinsonism has the ability to increase the accuracy of axonal trafficking, resulting in a series of noxious events that differential diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cause neuronal damage to the substantia nigra pars compacta single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and with a subsequent dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. positron emission tomography (PET) allow brain imaging The cardinal motor features of PD (bradykinesia and rigidity, of structural, functional and molecular changes in vivo in with or without resting tremor) manifest after a substantial patients with PD. Structural MRI is useful to differentiate denervation of substantia nigra, which is associated with about PD from secondary and atypical forms of parkinsonism.
    [Show full text]
  • Brain Imaging
    Publications · Brochures Brain Imaging A Technologist’s Guide Produced with the kind Support of Editors Fragoso Costa, Pedro (Oldenburg) Santos, Andrea (Lisbon) Vidovič, Borut (Munich) Contributors Arbizu Lostao, Javier Pagani, Marco Barthel, Henryk Payoux, Pierre Boehm, Torsten Pepe, Giovanna Calapaquí-Terán, Adriana Peștean, Claudiu Delgado-Bolton, Roberto Sabri, Osama Garibotto, Valentina Sočan, Aljaž Grmek, Marko Sousa, Eva Hackett, Elizabeth Testanera, Giorgio Hoffmann, Karl Titus Tiepolt, Solveig Law, Ian van de Giessen, Elsmarieke Lucena, Filipa Vaz, Tânia Morbelli, Silvia Werner, Peter Contents Foreword 4 Introduction 5 Andrea Santos, Pedro Fragoso Costa Chapter 1 Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology 6 Elsmarieke van de Giessen, Silvia Morbelli and Pierre Payoux Chapter 2 Tracers for Brain Imaging 12 Aljaz Socan Chapter 3 SPECT and SPECT/CT in Oncological Brain Imaging (*) 26 Elizabeth C. Hackett Chapter 4 Imaging in Oncological Brain Diseases: PET/CT 33 EANM Giorgio Testanera and Giovanna Pepe Chapter 5 Imaging in Neurological and Vascular Brain Diseases (SPECT and SPECT/CT) 54 Filipa Lucena, Eva Sousa and Tânia F. Vaz Chapter 6 Imaging in Neurological and Vascular Brain Diseases (PET/CT) 72 Ian Law, Valentina Garibotto and Marco Pagani Chapter 7 PET/CT in Radiotherapy Planning of Brain Tumours 92 Roberto Delgado-Bolton, Adriana K. Calapaquí-Terán and Javier Arbizu Chapter 8 PET/MRI for Brain Imaging 100 Peter Werner, Torsten Boehm, Solveig Tiepolt, Henryk Barthel, Karl T. Hoffmann and Osama Sabri Chapter 9 Brain Death 110 Marko Grmek Chapter 10 Health Care in Patients with Neurological Disorders 116 Claudiu Peștean Imprint 126 n accordance with the Austrian Eco-Label for printed matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Neuroblastoma: Current Status and New Developments
    Journal of Personalized Medicine Review Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Neuroblastoma: Current Status and New Developments Atia Samim 1,2, Godelieve A.M. Tytgat 1, Gitta Bleeker 3, Sylvia T.M. Wenker 1,2, Kristell L.S. Chatalic 1,2, Alex J. Poot 1,2, Nelleke Tolboom 1,2, Max M. van Noesel 1 , Marnix G.E.H. Lam 2 and Bart de Keizer 1,2,* 1 Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (G.A.M.T.); [email protected] (S.T.M.W.); [email protected] (K.L.S.C.); [email protected] (A.J.P.); [email protected] (N.T.); [email protected] (M.M.v.N.) 2 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; [email protected] 3 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmaar, The Netherlands; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-887-571-794 Abstract: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children. At diagnosis, approximately 50% of patients present with metastatic disease. These patients are at high risk for refractory or recurrent disease, which conveys a very poor prognosis. During the past decades, Citation: Samim, A.; Tytgat, G.A.M.; nuclear medicine has been essential for the staging and response assessment of neuroblastoma. 123 123 Bleeker, G.; Wenker, S.T.M.; Currently, the standard nuclear imaging technique is meta-[ I]iodobenzylguanidine ([ I]mIBG) Chatalic, K.L.S.; Poot, A.J.; whole-body scintigraphy, usually combined with single-photon emission computed tomography Tolboom, N.; van Noesel, M.M.; with computed tomography (SPECT-CT).
    [Show full text]
  • (18F-FDG) Uptake for PET/CT in Normal Organs
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Efects of blood glucose level on 18F fuorodeoxyglucose (18F- FDG) uptake for PET/CT in normal Received: 24 October 2017 Accepted: 18 January 2018 organs: an analysis on 5623 Published: xx xx xxxx patients Clarice Sprinz1,2, Matheus Zanon 3,4, Stephan Altmayer3,4, Guilherme Watte 3, Klaus Irion 5, Edson Marchiori 6 & Bruno Hochhegger 2,3,4 Our purpose was to evaluate the efect of glycemia on 18F-FDG uptake in normal organs of interest. The infuences of other confounding factors, such as body mass index (BMI), diabetes, age, and sex, on the relationships between glycemia and organ-specifc standardized uptake values (SUVs) were also investigated. We retrospectively identifed 5623 consecutive patients who had undergone clinical PET/ CT for oncological indications. Patients were stratifed into groups based on glucose levels, measured immediately before 18F-FDG injection. Diferences in mean SUVmax values among glycemic ranges were clinically signifcant only when >10% variation was observed. The brain was the only organ that presented a signifcant inverse relationship between SUVmax and glycemia (p < 0.001), even after controlling for diabetic status. No such diference was observed for the liver or lung. After adjustment for sex, age, and BMI, the association of glycemia with SUVmax was signifcant for the brain and liver, but not for the lung. In conclusion, the brain was the only organ analyzed showing a clinically signifcant relationship to glycemia after adjustment for potentially confounding variables. The lung was least afected by the variables in our model, and may serve as an alternative background tissue to the liver.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Clinical Comparison of 18F-Florbetapir and 18F-FDG PET in Patients with Alzheimer Disease and Controls
    Journal of Nuclear Medicine, published on May 10, 2012 as doi:10.2967/jnumed.111.099606 Initial Clinical Comparison of 18F-Florbetapir and 18F-FDG PET in Patients with Alzheimer Disease and Controls Andrew B. Newberg1, Steven E. Arnold2, Nancy Wintering1, Barry W. Rovner1, and Abass Alavi2 1Thomas Jefferson University and Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The purpose of this study was to determine how clinical inter- Alzheimer disease (AD) is a brain disorder of older pretations of the 18F-amyloid tracer florbetapir compares diagnos- adults, with symptoms of progressive decline in memory 18 tically with F-FDG PET when evaluating patients with Alzheimer and other cognitive functions. A definitive diagnosis of AD disease (AD) and controls. Methods: Nineteen patients with a clin- ical diagnosis of AD and 21 elderly controls were evaluated with can be established only by demonstrating the presence of both 18F-florbetapir and 18F-FDG PET scans. Scans were inter- abundant senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in post- preted together by 2 expert readers masked to any case informa- mortem brain sections (1,2). During life, most patients are tion and were assessed for tracer binding patterns consistent with diagnosed by clinical criteria that imperfectly track with AD. The criteria for interpreting the 18F-florbetapir scan as positive postmortem pathologic findings. The criteria for the diagno- for AD was the presence of binding in the cortical regions relative to sis of AD were defined by the Working Group of the Na- the cerebellum. 18F-FDG PET scans were interpreted as positive if they displayed the classic pattern of hypometabolism in the tem- tional Institute of Neurologic and Communicative Disorders poroparietal regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Amyloid and Tau Signatures of Brain Metabolic Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease
    European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-3933-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Amyloid and tau signatures of brain metabolic decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease Tharick A. Pascoal1 & Sulantha Mathotaarachchi1 & Monica Shin1 & Ah Yeon Park2 & Sara Mohades1 & Andrea L. Benedet1 & Min Su Kang1 & Gassan Massarweh3 & Jean-Paul Soucy3,4 & Serge Gauthier5 & Pedro Rosa-Neto 1,3,5,6 & for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Received: 12 September 2017 /Accepted: 2 January 2018 # The Author(s) 2018. This article is an open access publication Abstract Purpose We aimed to determine the amyloid (Aβ) and tau biomarker levels associated with imminent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) - related metabolic decline in cognitively normal individuals. Methods A threshold analysis was performed in 120 cognitively normal elderly individuals by modelling 2-year declines in brain glucose metabolism measured with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) as a function of [18F]florbetapir Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau biomarker thresholds. Additionally, using a novel voxel-wise analytical framework, we determined the sample sizes needed to test an estimated 25% drugeffect with 80% of power on changes in FDG uptake over 2 years at every brain voxel. Results The combination of [18F]florbetapir standardized uptake value ratios and phosphorylated-tau levels more than one standard deviation higher than their respective thresholds for biomarker abnormality was the best predictor of metabolic decline in individuals with preclinical AD. We also found that a clinical trial using these thresholds would require as few as 100 individuals to test a 25% drug effect on AD-related metabolic decline over 2 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Ribociclib (LEE011)
    Clinical Development Ribociclib (LEE011) Oncology Clinical Protocol CLEE011G2301 (EarLEE-1) / NCT03078751 An open label, multi-center protocol for U.S. patients enrolled in a study of ribociclib with endocrine therapy as an adjuvant treatment in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2- negative, high risk early breast cancer Authors Document type Amended Protocol Version EUDRACT number 2014-001795-53 Version number 02 (Clean) Development phase II Document status Final Release date 17-Apr-2018 Property of Novartis Confidential May not be used, divulged, published or otherwise disclosed without the consent of Novartis Template version 22-Jul-2016 Novartis Confidential Page 2 Amended Protocol Version 02 (Clean) Protocol No. CLEE011G2301 Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................. 2 List of tables ........................................................................................................................ 5 List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 6 Glossary of terms ................................................................................................................. 9 Protocol summary .............................................................................................................. 10 Amendment 2 (17-Apr-2018) ............................................................................................ 14
    [Show full text]
  • Toremifene (Fareston)
    Clinical Policy: Toremifene (Fareston) Reference Number: PA.CP.PMN.126 Effective Date: 10.17.18 Last Review Date: 04.17.19 Revision Log Description Toremifene (Fareston®) is an estrogen agonist/antagonist. FDA Approved Indication(s) Fareston is indicated for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with estrogen-receptor positive or unknown tumors. Policy/Criteria Provider must submit documentation (such as office chart notes, lab results or other clinical information) supporting that member has met all approval criteria. It is the policy of health plans affiliated with PA Health & Wellness® that Fareston is medically necessary when the following criteria are met: I. Initial Approval Criteria A. Breast Cancer (must meet all): 1. Diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer; 2. Prescribed by or in consultation with an oncologist; 3. Failure of a 1-month trial of tamoxifen at up to maximally indicated doses, unless contraindicated or clinically significant adverse effects are experienced; 4. Failure of a 1-month trial of an aromatase inhibitor (e.g., anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole) at up to maximally indicated doses, unless contraindicated or clinically significant adverse effects are experienced (see Appendix B); 5. Request meets one of the following (a or b): a. Dose does not exceed 60 mg per day (1 tablet/day); b. Dose is supported by practice guidelines or peer-reviewed literature for the relevant off-label use (prescriber must submit supporting evidence). Approval duration: 12 months B. Soft Tissue Sarcoma - Desmoid Tumors (off-label) (must meet all): 1. Diagnosis of desmoid tumor or aggressive fibromatosis; 2. Prescribed by or in consultation with an oncologist; 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Toremifene, a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, On
    ISSN 2472-1972 Effects of Toremifene, a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, on Spontaneous and Stimulated GH Secretion, IGF-I, and IGF-Binding Proteins in Healthy Elderly Subjects Ferdinand Roelfsema,1 Rebecca J. Yang,2 Paul Y. Takahashi,3 Dana Erickson,4 Cyril Y. Bowers,5 and Johannes D. Veldhuis2 1Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands; 2Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; 3Department of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; 4Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and 5Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 Context: Estrogens amplify spontaneous and stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion, whereas they diminish GH-dependent insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in a dose-dependent manner. Selective es- trogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including tamoxifen and toremifene, are widely adjunctively used in breast and prostate cancer. Although some endocrine effects of tamoxifen are known, few data are available for toremifene. Objective: To explore sex-dependent effects of toremifene on spontaneous 10-hour overnight GH se- cretion, followed by GH-releasing hormone–ghrelin stimulation. Additionally, effects on IGF-I, its binding proteins, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified. Participants and Design: Twenty men and 20 women, within an allowableagerangeof50to80years, volunteered for this double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective crossover study. Ten-minute blood sampling was done for 10 hours overnight and then for 2 hours after combined GH-releasing hormone–ghrelin injection. Main Outcome Measures: Pulsatile GH and stimulated GH secretion, and fasting levels of IGF-I, IGF- binding protein (IGFBP)1, IGFBP3, and SHBG.
    [Show full text]
  • FDG PET for the Diagnosis of Dementia
    PET for Clinicians Christopher C. Rowe MD FRACP Austin Health University of Melbourne PET in dementia is not new but only in recent years, as PET has become more accessible, has a clinical role emerged. Austin Health, Melbourne does 1000 brain PET per year. Parieto-temporal hypometabolism in AD Clinical Diagnosis of AD • Sensitivity 80%, Specificity 70% (Knopfman, Neurology 2001- average of 13 studies with pathological confirmation) i.e. diagnosis requires dementia and only has moderate accuracy Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) does not equate to early AD • Only 50% of MCI will progress to AD dementia • 15-20% have other dementias. • 35-40% do not develop dementia. We need biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD and other dementias! New Research Criteria for AD (2007)* • dementia or significant functional impairment is NOT required • clear history of progressive cognitive decline • objective evidence from psychometric tests of episodic memory impairment • characteristic abnormalities in the CSF or in neuroimaging studies (MRI, FDG-PET, Aβ PET) *Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, et al. Lancet 2007. FDG PET in Alzheimer’s disease Parietotemporal hypometabolism Reiman EM et al. New Engl J Med 1996;334(12):752–758. View in AC-PC plane bottom of frontal lobe and occipital lobe on same horizontal plane in mid sagittal image Prefrontal Primary sensori-motor cortex Parietal Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre Department of Nuclear Medicine & Centre for PET Reading Brain PET Compare: • parietal vs sensori-motor and frontal • posterior cingulate vs
    [Show full text]