The IEA Oil Data System

The IEA oil data system

Joint Rosstat- IEA Energy statistics workshop Moscow, Russia 14-17 February 2012

Mieke Reece Oil and Gas Statistics IEA Energy Data Centre

Supply 14 oil Trade Current QUE EmergencyStock Data Origin Balance categories Levels & Dest.

Supply 7 oil Month-1 Joint Oil Data Initiative JODI Balance categories

Trade Supply 21 oil Stock Month-2 MOS Monthly Oil StatisticsOrigin/ Balance products Destination Levels

Supply 35 oil Trade Transformation Year-1 AOS Annual Oil Origin/Statistics Energy Balance products Destination Final Consumption

Detail Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Geographical Coverage of OECD/IEA

28 IEA countries 34 OECD countries 1 candidate OECD country Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 IEA Oil data – geographical coverage

 Questionnaire  Geographical Coverage

 Annual  OECD, UNECE  Monthly  OECD  Emergency Data  IEA  Prices  Prices (OECD/IEA/some Non- OECD)

Other

 Non-OECD  member country Non-OECD data Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Overview

. Importance of oil in the world . Introduction  A few concepts e.g. refining, units, conversion, etc . Definitions of Products  Tables 1 and 2 . Definitions of Flows  Tables 1 and 2 . Definitions of Sectors  Tables 3 and 4

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 2009

Large reduction in share of oil in TPES between 1973 and 2009

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Russia - Total Primary Energy Supply 100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50% 40% 30% 30% 22% 20%

10%

0% 1990 2009 Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Hydro Comren Other World Oil share in TPES 37% 33%

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 World uses of oil 1990 and 2009

1990 2009

19% 13% 17% 7% 8% 10% 11% 14%

46% 54%

Transformation Industry Transport Non-Energy Other Transformation Industry Transport Non-Energy Other

TPES = 8782 Mtoe TPES=12 150 Mtoe

*Other includes energy sector use, losses and other sectors.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Russia - uses of oil (*) 1990 and 2009

1990 2009

18% 18% 12% 7% 38% 11% 19%

28% 9% 40%

Transformation Industry Transport Non-Energy Other Transformation Industry Transport Non-Energy Other

TPES = 879 Ktoe TPES=647 Ktoe

World oil use – Transport 36% 53%

(*) excludes marine and aviation bunkers

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Russia – Important facts

 Major oil producer : produces 12% of total world oil production  Is second largest crude oil exporter after Saudi Arabia  Is the fourth largest exporter of oil products: particularly gasoil and fuel oil  Accounts for 3% of world oil consumption

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 World – Effect of oil crises on the energy market

1973 oil embargo 1980 Iran/Iraq war 1990 Gulf crisis

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Relationship between oil consumption, TPES and GDP OECD

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Overview

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Some “oil” principles….

 Crude oil needs refining, because it has limited use in its raw state.  Oil can be expressed in various units – how to convert ?  Oil is the largest traded commodity in the world.  Crude oil and petroleum products can be easily stored, and fulfill a security function.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 A few words on Oil Refining

 What is produced? . What is consumed?

Crude Oil World - Oil product consumption

% 3 LPG 5 Naphtha

25 Motor Gasoline

8 Kerose ne refining 30 Gas/diesel Oil

16 Fuel Oil

13 Other

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Refining  First Process: simple distillation which separates the various hydrocarbons included in the crude oil into fractions. (Atmospheric Distillation)  Crude oil is put into a distillation column and heated until the various fractions boil off. The different fractions have a different boiling point and are recovered at their specific distillation temperature.  Lighter fractions distill at lower temperatures than heavier. E.g. LPG is recovered at less than 30 degrees C, while gasoil distills between 180 and 380 degrees C.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 How are oil products derived?

Source: EIA

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Refining yields

Source: Energy Intelligence Group, Int'l Crude Oil Market Handbook

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Further Refining

 To optimise (upgrade) output, further processing is needed, either by increasing heat, changing pressure, by adding catalysts, by removing sulfur or by breaking down the molecular structure.  There are a variety of processes, many of them highly complex.  Examples:  Vacuum distillation further distills the residuum where atmospheric pressure is reduced  Hydrotreater removes sulfur, using catalysts  Catalytic cracker uses distillate to produce finished heating oil and diesel by using a catalyst  Coker: a thermal process producing lighter products and petroleum coke from residuum

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Refining

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Refining: It is complicated !

But you don’t need to know it all!

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 The Refinery flows Refinery Input Refinery Net Output

Refinery Losses LPG

Naptha

Gasoline Refinery Feedstk Kerosene

Diesel

Fuel Other Refinery Fuel

Stock changes © OECD/IEA - 2010 Units of reporting and Density

 Oil is usually measured in mass or volume.  Units of mass (weight) e.g. are metric ton  Units of volume are litres, barrel or cubic metres.  Conversion from one mass to volume (and reverse) is essential.  To convert, the density must be known.  Density is mass per volume  Density for oil is often shown as specific gravity, this is the relative mass per volume compared to water.  Density differs according to the various crude oils and products  Examples, Specific gravity of Brent is 0.8311, while Mexican Maya is 0.9, Motor gasoline is between 0.7 and 0.79, while bitumen is between 1 and 1.1

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Converting Volume to Mass (or reverse)

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Trade

 Two Thirds of World Oil Reserves are in the Middle East and Russia  90% of consumption is in the rest of the world  Oil is the most traded commodity in the world

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Trade (2)

 Crude oil needs shipping from producing to consuming areas  Products need transporting from refining areas to consuming regions  Oil can be transported easily through various means: tankers, barges, pipelines, railways, trucks etc.  It is important to know how much your economy imports and exports in order to know the Import Dependence

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Stocks

 Oil stocks are essential to sustain the global oil supply system  Oil stocks balance supply and demand: build when supply larger than demand, drawn when demand larger than supply  Oil stocks are a leading indicator of prices  Product stocks as important as crude oil stocks  Stocks fulfill a strategic need e.g. government stocks

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Stocks (2) Three types of stocks – according to holder:

 Primary stocks: held by companies supplying the markets: producers, refiners and importers, held in refinery tanks, bulk terminals, pipeline tankage, barges, coastal tankers, tankers in port ( if they are to be discharged) and in inland ship bunkers. Also included are stocks held for strategic purposes (governments or stockholding organisations)  Secondary stocks: stocks in small bulk plants and retailers ( e.g. service stations)  Tertiary stocks: held by end-consumers. These could be power plants, industrial entities, households etc.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Stocks (3)

What needs to be reported?

 Primary stocks Most Important!

 Secondary stocks: Difficult  Tertiary stocks: to collect data

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 The IEA oil questionnaire

• 25 product categories: crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives/oxygenates, biofuels, other hydrocarbons, ethane, refinery gas, LPG, naphtha, motor gasoline, biogasoline, aviation gasoline, jet gasoline, jet kerosene, other kerosene, gas/diesel oil, biodiesel, fuel oil, white spirit, lubricants, bitumen, paraffin waxes, petroleum coke and other. • 5 tables: Table 1: Refinery Intake Table 2: Primary Supply Sector Table 3: Transformation and Energy Sectors and Final Consumption Sectors Tables 4 and 5 : Trade by origin and destination

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Overview

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Crude, NGL and Feedstocks Balance

From Other Sources Exports Direct Use Stock Change

Production Refinery

Imports Backflows from Products Petrochemical Industry Transferred

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 P.1 Refinery Intake (Table1) Unit: 1000 metric ton Crude Oil Natural Gas Refinery Additives/ Of which Other TOTAL Liquids Feedstocks Oxygenates Biofuels Hydrocarbons ( A to F) A B C D E F G Indigenous Production (+) 1 0 From Other Sources (+) 2 0 0 0 0 from coal (+) 3 0 from gas (+) 4 0 from renewable (+) 5 0 Backflows from Petrochemical Industry (+) 6 0 Products Transferred (+) 7 0 Imports (+) 8 0 Exports (-) 9 0 Direct Use (includes transfers to consumption)( - ) 10 0 Stock Changes (+ or -) (+) 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 REFINERY INTAKE (Calc.)(sum of 1 to 11)(=) 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Statistical Differences (+ or -) (12 minus 14) (-) 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 REFINERY INTAKE (Observed) (=) 14 0 MEMO ITEMS: of which: Oxygenates 15 0 of which: Liquid Biofuels 16 0 Refinery Losses 17 0 TOTAL STOCKS on NATIONAL TERRITORY Stock at - Opening 18 0 - Closing 19 0 AVERAGE NET CALORIFIC VALUES: Unit: kcal/kg Indigenous Production 20 Imports 21 Exports 22 Average 23 AVERAGE SPECIFIC GRAVITIES: Unit: kg/liter or kg/barrel 24

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Definitions of Oil: Crude Oil

 1. Crude Oil Crude oil is a mineral oil of natural origin comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons and associated impurities, such as sulphur. It exists in the liquid phase under normal surface temperature and pressure and its physical characteristics (density, viscosity, etc.) are highly variable. This category includes field or lease condensate recovered from associated and non-associated gas where it is commingled with the commercial crude oil stream.

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting Crude Oil  Usually there are not too many problems in applying the definition.  Quality: crude oil can be of varying quality, colour, viscosity and mineral content. The two main factors determining the quality are the density and the sulfur content.  Density: Heavy crudes will yield less light products and are therefore in general of lesser quality.  Sulfur content: Similarly, high sulfur crudes need desulphurization and are often less valuable. Terms uses for high sulfur crudes is sour crudes, low sulphur are sweet crudes.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Definitions of Oil: NGL

 2. Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)

NGL are liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons recovered from natural gas in separation facilities or gas processing plants. Natural gas liquids include ethane, propane, butane (normal and iso-), (iso) pentane and pentanes plus (sometimes referred to as natural gasoline or plant condensate).

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting NGL Quite a lot of difficulties occur when reporting NGL:  Natural gas liquids encompass a variety of hydrocarbons from ethane to pentanes but not methane (natural gas). They are produced from gas wells, and are separated in gas processing plants. This, because NGLs are produced have usually more value on their own than when left in the natural gas. After NGLs are removed from natural gas, they are reprocessed in a unit called a fractionator to break them out for individual sale as propane, butane and other products.  Problem: how to report NGL which is not used as feedstock in refineries.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Crude Oil and NGL  Non Hydrocarbon Gases Separation Natural Gas facilities / Gas  Natural Gas (Dry) (Wet) processing plants  GAS QUESTIONNAIRE Ethane Propane  Butane NGL Pentane Oil Gas Pentanes plus well well

Crude Oil Refinery

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 NGL Reporting

Direct Use Market

Ethane Gas Separation Propane NGL Butane LPG processing facilities Pentane plants Pentane plus

Refinery Intake

Refinery

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Product Flow Chart Power Generation

International Energy Marine Products Bunkers Exports Transferred

Refinery Fuel

Transport

Gross Inland Output Deliveries

Refinery Industry

Primary Recycled Imports Inter Product Stock Change Products Products Transfers Receipts Residential Commercial Crude Oil Agriculture

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Supply of Finished Products 2010

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2 : Definitions of Oil: LPG

 9. Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)

LPG are light paraffinic hydrocarbons derived from the refinery processes, crude oil stabilisation and natural gas processing plants. They consist mainly of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4Hl0) or a combination of the two. They could also include propylene, butylene, isobutene and isobutylene. LPG are normally liquefied under pressure for transportation and storage.

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting LPG

 LPG Volume to Mass conversion is variable for most countries, depending on the combination of use between propane and butane. IEA uses a 40/60 split of propane and butane  Confusion often arises with NGL. When it is traded as a finished product, i.e. propane or butane, then it should be reported as LPG.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Definitions of Oil: Naphtha

 10. Naphtha

Naphtha is a feedstock destined for either the petrochemical industry (e.g. ethylene manufacture or aromatics production). Naphtha comprises material in the 30oC and 2l0oC distillation range or part of this range. Naphtha imported for blending is reported as an import of naphtha, then shown on the inter-product transfer row, as a negative entry for Naphtha, and a positive entry for the corresponding finished product.

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting naphtha  2 main uses of naphtha: gasoline blend stock and petrochemical feedstock.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Definitions of Oil: Motor Gasoline

 11. Motor Gasoline

Motor gasoline consists of a mixture of light hydrocarbons distilling between 35oC and 215oC. It is used as a fuel for land based spark ignition engines. Motor gasoline may include additives, oxygenates and octane enhancers, including lead compounds such as TEL (Tetraethyl lead) and TML (tetramethyl lead).

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting motor gasoline  Probably best known product – Statistics reporting fairly straightforward.  Product well defined and identified in most economies.  Blending components should be included.  If biogasoline is blended in motor gasoline, the total including biogasoline needs to be reported.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Definitions of Oil: of which: Biogasoline

 12. of which Biofuels Amount of biogasoline included in gasoline should be reported.

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting biofuels

 Only those amounts of biofuels which will be blended with motor gasoline

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2 : Definitions of Oil: Kerosene Type Jet Fuel

 15. Kerosene Type Jet Fuel

This is a distillate used for aviation turbine power units. It has the same distillation characteristics between 150oC and 300oC (generally not above 250oC) and flash point as kerosene. In addition, it has particular specifications (such as freezing point) which are established by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). This category includes kerosene blending components.

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting Jet Kerosene

 Use of Jet kerosene by international companies  should not be shown as an export.  Jet Kerosene is a product with very strict specifications,  when it loses its properties it is often used as normal kerosene.  The line inter-product transfer is used for this.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012

Table 2: Definitions of Oil: Gas/diesel Oil

 17. Gas/Diesel Oil (Distillate Fuel Oil)

Gas/diesel oil is primarily a medium distillate distilling between 180oC and 380oC, and mainly used for diesel compression ignition (cars, trucks, etc.), usually of low sulphur content.

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting Gas/Diesel oil

 2 Types :  Transport Diesel: on-road diesel oil for diesel compression engines (cars, trucks, etc). This type of diesel of environmental concerns usually has a low sulphur content.  Heating and Other Gasoil: light heating oil for industrial and commercial use, marine diesel and diesel used in rail traffic, other gas oils including some heavy gas oils which distil between 380 degrees and 540 degrees C and which are used as petrochemical feedstock.  Diesel used in international marine bunkers

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Definitions of Oil: of which Biodiesel

 18. of which Biofuels Amount of biodiesel included in gas/diesel oil should be reported.

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting biodiesel  Include quantities of biodiesel which will be blended with transport diesel

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Definitions of Oil: Fuel Oil

 19. Fuel Oil This covers all residual (heavy) fuel oils (including those obtained by blending). Kinematic viscosity is above 10 cSt at 80oC. The flash point is always above 50oC and density is always more than 0.90 kg/l.

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting Fuel Oil

 Both Low and High sulphur fuel need to be reported.  A large amount of fuel oil is delivered for international marine bunker use.  Fuel oil other main use is for power generation and in the industrial sector.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Definitions of Oil: Petroleum Coke

 24. Petroleum Coke Petroleum coke is a black solid by-product, obtained mainly by cracking and carbonising petroleum derived feedstock, vacuum bottoms, tar and pitches in processes such as delayed coking or fluid coking. It consists mainly of carbon (90 to 95%) and has a low ash content. It is used as a feedstock in coke ovens for the steel industry, for heating purposes, for electrode manufacture and for production of chemicals. The two most important qualities are "green coke" and "calcinated coke". This category also includes "catalyst coke" deposited on the catalyst during refining processes; this coke is not recoverable and is usually burned as refinery fuel.

 Issues and Difficulties in reporting additives/oxygenates  Petroleum coke used as feedstock in coke ovens should be reported in the Coke ovens category of the Transformation Sector, because most of it is used to supplement the carbon content and the properties of the coking coal which is used. Some of the petroleum coke may also be used for energy purposes and should then be reported in the Energy Sector - Coke ovens.  If it is used for heating it should be reported as energy use in the appropriate sector.  It can also be used as non-energy to produce electrodes and carbon black – report it in the relevant industry sector as Non-energy.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Overview

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 - Flows

Indigenous Production (+) 1 Other Sources (+) 2 Backflows from Petrochemical Industry (2) (+) 3 Products Transferred (3) (+) 4 Total Imports (4) (+) 5 Total Exports (5) (-) 6 Direct Use (includes transfers to consumption) (6) (-) 7 Stock Change (+ or -) (7) (+) 8 REFINERY INTAKE (Calculated) (sum of 1 to 8) (=) 9 Statistical Difference (+ or -) (9 minus 11) (-) 10 REFINERY INTAKE (Observed) (=) 11 MEMO ITEMS: Refinery Losses 12 STOCK LEVELS: - Opening Total Stocks on National Territory 13 - Closing 14

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Crude, NGL and Feedstocks Balance

From Other Sources Exports Direct Use Stock Change

Production Refinery

Imports Backflows from Products Petrochemical Industry Transferred

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Flow Definitions

 Indigenous Production: Report all production within national boundaries including off-shore production. Production should only include marketable production, excluding volumes returned to formation. Such production should include all crude oil, NGL, condensates and oil from shale and tar sands, etc. It should also include the receipts of additives/oxygenates by refineries and blending plants from outside the refinery sector.

 Important:

Marketable production: exclude volumes which are recycled or returned to the wells. Onshore and off-shore production Primary production includes oil from shale and tarsands

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Flow Definitions

 From other sources: Report supplies of Additives, Biofuels and Other Hydrocarbons, the production of which has already been covered in other fuel balances e.g. in NZ the manufacture of synthetic gasoline requires natural gas as feedstock. The amount of gas for methanol manufacture is accounted for in the natural gas balance, while the receipts of methanol are reported as inputs `from gas as other sources' in the oil balance. The other sources are divided to three sources below;  From Coal: Additives and other hydrocarbons produced from coal  From Gas: Additives and other hydrocarbons produced from gas  From Renewable: Additives, biofuels and other hydrocarbons produced by renewable energy

 Important:

To account for all oil and additives entering the market it is essential to capture the inputs from other energy forms which are blended with oil and oil products

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Flow Definitions

 Imports and Exports:

Data should reflect amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries, whether customs clearance has taken place or not. Quantities of crude oil and products imported or exported under processing agreements (i.e. refining on account) should be included. Crude oil and NGLs should be reported as coming from the country of ultimate origin; refinery feedstocks and finished products should be reported as coming from the country of last consignment. Any gas liquids (e.g. LPG) extracted during the regasification of imported liquefied natural gas should be included as imports in this questionnaire. Petroleum products imported or exported directly by the petrochemical industry should be included.  Note: Imports or exports of ethanol (reported in the Additives/Oxygenate column) should relate to the quantities destined for fuel use.  - Re-exports of oil imported for processing within bonded areas should be included as an export of product from the processing country to the final destination.Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Flow Definitions: Imports and Exports

 Imports and Exports  Important  Physical flow (not customs flows)  Crude Oil, NGL: country of origin  Oil products: country of last consignment  Transit trade not included  Include imports by large industries  e.g. Petrochemical industry

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012

Table 1 : Flow Definitions  Total stocks on national territory: All stocks on national territory, including stocks held by governments, by major consumers or by stockholding organisations, stocks held on board incoming ocean vessels, stocks held in bonded areas and stocks held for others, whether under bilateral government agreement or not.

 Important:  It is important that an as complete as possible statement is made of oil stocks in your economy. ( emergency and security purposes)  Stocks are reported on a geographical basis, i.e. report stocks on your national territory.  All stocks (primary and secondary) should be included except consumer stocks (tertiary stocks)  Include stocks held for strategic purposes, or under government control.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Flow Definitions

 Stock Changes: Stock changes should reflect the difference between opening stock level and closing stock level for stocks held on national territory. A stock build is shown as a negative number, and a stock draw as a positive number.

 Important: Opening Stock level - Closing Stocks level = Stock Change

+ Stock reduction - Stock increase

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Flow Definitions

 Refinery Intake (observed):

 This is defined as the total amount of oil (including other hydrocarbons and additives) observed to have entered the refinery process.

 Important

 This flow is usually well known and monitored by the refineries  The information is usually quite easy to obtain  Refineries need to include all their inputs, crude oil, NGL refinery feedstock transfers, additives and oxygenates, biofuels and other hydrocarbons

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Flow Definitions

 Statistical Differences: This is the difference between calculated and observed Refinery Intake.

 Important

Refinery Intake Calculated - Refinery Intake Observed = Statistical Difference

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Product Flow Chart Power Generation

International Energy Marine Products Bunkers Exports Transferred

Refinery Fuel

Transport

Gross Inland Output Deliveries

Refinery Industry

Primary Recycled Imports Inter Product Stock Change Products Products Transfers Receipts Residential Commercial Crude Oil Agriculture

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Flow Definitions

 Gross Refinery Output: This is production of finished products at a refinery or blending plant. This category excludes Refinery Losses, but includes Refinery Fuel.

 Important

 As refinery intake, this flow is information that refineries monitor very well, and the data is usually easily available.  Note that refinery output is Gross: i.e. it includes the amount of oil used for the operation of the refinery ( or refinery fuel).

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Flow Definitions

 Refinery Fuel: These are all petroleum products consumed in support of the operation of a refinery. This should not include products used by oil companies outside the refining process, e.g. bunkers or oil tankers. Fuels used for the production at the refineries of electricity and heat sold should also be included in this category.

 Important

 The most frequently used refinery fuel product is refinery gas, some fuel oil and to a lesser extent gas/diesel oil are also used.  Refineries should be able to provide this information. On average about 6 to 7 % of the fuel intake is used as refinery fuel

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Flow Definitions

 International Marine Bunkers: Bunkers cover the quantities of fuels delivered to sea-going ships of all flags. Consumption of warships should be included in Final Consumption under Other Sector, Not Elsewhere Specified. Consumption by ships engaged in fishing and in transport in inland and coastal waters is not included.

 Important

 These are deliveries of oils to ships for consumption during international voyages  The oils are used as fuel by the ship and are not part of the cargo.  Ships must be undertaking international voyages, i.e. their first port of call must be aforeign country.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 1 : Flow Definitions

 Products Transferred: These are imported petroleum products which are reclassified as feedstocks for further processing in the refinery, without delivery to final consumers. For example, naphtha imported for upgrading would be first reported as imports of naphtha, and then appear also as products transferred of naphtha.

 Important:  Oils which are reclassified under another name.  The flow is reported in the Refinery Balance and in the Product balance  Transfers are negative quantities in the product balance, but are shown as positive receipts in the refinery balance.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Product Transferred

Crude Oil Natural Gas Refinery Additives/ 1 Other TOTAL Liquids Feedstocks Oxygenates Hydrocarbons 1 ( A to E ) Table 1 A B C D E F Indigenous Production (+) 1 Other Sources (+) 2 Backflows from Petrochemical Industry 2 (+) 3 Products Transferred 3 (+) 4 1800 1800 Total Imports 4 (+) 5 Total Exports 5 (-) 6 Direct Use (includes transfers to consumption) 6 (-) 7 Stock Change (+ or -) 7 (+) 8 REFINERY INTAKE (Calculated) (sum of 1 to 8) (=) 9 Statistical Difference (+ or -) (9 minus 11) (-) 10 REFINERY INTAKE (Observed) (=) 11

TOTAL Table 2A W Primary Product Receipts 2 (+) 1 Gross Refinery Output 3 (including refinery fuel) (+) 2 Recycled Products (+) 3 Refinery Fuel (-) 4 Total Imports 4 (+) 5 Should e.g., of which Total Exports 5 (-) 6 Intl. Marine Bunkers (-) 7 be equal! Naphtha 120 Interproduct Transfers 6 (+ or -) (+) 8 Gasoil 1100 Products Transferred 7 (-) 9 1800 Other 580 Stock Change (+ or -) 8 (+) 10 GROSS INLAND DELIVERIES (calculated) (=) 11 Statistical Difference 9 (-) 12 GROSS INLAND DELIVERIES (observed) (=) 13

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 2: Flow Definitions

 Gross Inland Deliveries (observed):

This is the observed delivery of finished petroleum products from primary sources (e.g. refineries, blending plants, etc.) to the inland market. This figure may differ from the calculated figure due, for example, to differences in coverage and/or differences of definition in different reporting systems.

 Important  Gross inland deliveries are a measure of what is consumed in your economy  Inland deliveries, as this flow excludes international marine bunkers (inland) and refinery fuel (deliveries)  Gross Inland deliveries as it still includes the gross deliveries to the petrochemical plants. When the backflows are deducted, then it becomes Net inland deliveries.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Table 3 : Gross Inland Deliveries by sector

Gross Inland Deliveries

• Transformation Processes

• Energy industry own use

• Losses

• Final Consumption

• Transport Sector • Industry Sector • Other Sectors

Memo: Non-Energy Use

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 CRUDEOIL NGL REFINGAS ETHANE LPG NAPHTHA Crude Natural Refinery Ethane LPG Naphtha Oil Gas Gas Liquids (not liq.)

A B C D E F

GROSS INLAND DELIVERIES (1) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL TRANSFORMATION SECTOR 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants (2) 3 Autoproducer Electricity Plants (3) 4 Main Activity Producer CHP Plants (2) 5 Autoproducer CHP Plants (3) 6 Main Activity Producer Heat Plants (2) 7 Autoproducer Heat Plants (3) 8 Gas Works 9 For Blended Natural Gas 10 Coke Ovens 11 Blast Furnaces 12 Petrochemical Industry 13 Patent Fuel Plants 14 Non-specified (Transformation) 15

TOTAL ENERGY SECTOR 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coal Mines 17 Oil and Gas Extraction 18 Coke Ovens 19 Blast Furnaces 20 Gas Works 21 Own Use in Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants 22 Non-specified (Energy) 23

Distribution Losses 24

Quantities of fuel that will be transformed into another energy form

TOTAL TRANSFORMATION SECTOR  Main Activity Producer Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants (2) Autoproducer Electricity Plants (3) Plants: plants that are either Main Activity Producer CHP Plants (2) owned by public or private Autoproducer CHP Plants (3) Main Activity Producer Heat Plants (2) utilities but for which the main Autoproducer Heat Plants (3) activity is to produce power Gas Works For Blended Natural Gas Autoproducers: plants Coke Ovens which activity is not only to Blast Furnaces Petrochemical Industry produce power, their main activity Patent Fuel Plants is e.g industrial activity Non-specified (Transformation)

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Transformation processes

What needs to be reported?

TOTAL TRANSFORMATION SECTOR Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants (2) Autoproducer Electricity Plants (3)  Main Activity Producer Main Activity Producer CHP Plants (2) Autoproducer CHP Plants (3) Plants: all fuel used for all Main Activity Producer Heat Plants (2) Autoproducer Heat Plants (3) production Gas Works For Blended Natural Gas Coke Ovens  Autoproducers: all fuel used Blast Furnaces for all electricity produced and Petrochemical Industry Patent Fuel Plants only fuel used for heat sold only Non-specified (Transformation)

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Energy industry own use

Quantities of fuel that will be consumed to support the oil and gas extraction or the transformation activity

TOTAL ENERGY SECTOR Natural Gas Blending Plants: Report Coal Mines own consumption of oil in process for Oil and Gas Extraction blending natural gas Coke Ovens Blast Furnaces Biofuel Processing: Report own Gas Works consumption of oil in biofuel plants Own Use in Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants Non-specified (Energy) Note : Oil consumed in support of the operation of oil and gas pipelines should be reported in the Transportation sector.

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Distribution losses

Losses which occur outside the refinery due to transport and distribution, including pipeline.

This includes tanker spills e.g 1989 Exxon Valdez at the Alaska Coast, Distribution Losses 27 pipeline leakage, train car derailments and tanker and truck accidents.

Note: Sometimes distribution losses are included in statistical differences

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 FINAL CONSUMPTION 1 TOTAL TRANSPORT SECTOR 2 International Civil Aviation 3 Final Consumption Domestic Air Transport 4 Road 5 Rail 6  Inland Waterways 7 All energy delivered to final Pipeline Transport 8 Not Elsewhere Specified (Transport) 9 consumers: in the Transport, TOTAL INDUSTRY SECTOR 10 Industry and Other sectors Iron and Steel 11 Chemical (incl.Petro-Chemical) 12  Energy and Non-energy use Non Ferrous Metals 13 Non Metallic Mineral Products 14 Transportation Equipment 15 Machinery 16  Mining and Quarrying 17 Transport Sector Food, Beverages and Tobacco 18 Pulp, Paper and Printing 19 Wood and Wood Products 20 Construction 21 Textiles and Leather 22 Industry Sector Not Elsewhere Specified (Industry) 23 TOTAL OTHER SECTOR 24 Commerce and Public Services 25 Residential 26  Agriculture 27 Other Fishing 28 Not Elsewhere Specified (Others) 29 MEMO ITEM: Below categories are already included in the above sectorial breakdown. TOTAL NON-ENERGY USE 30 Transformation Sector 31 Non-Energy (separately, Energy Sector 32 Transport Sector 33 included above) Industry Sector 34 of which: Chemical (incl. petrochem.) 35 Other Sector 36

Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Transport Sector Oil used for transport activity, regardless of the sector International Civil Aviation: all consumption of aviation fuels other than for TOTAL TRANSPORT SECTOR 2 domestic aircraft activities. International Civil Aviation 3 Domestic Air Transport: consumption of Domestic Air Transport 4 aviation fuels by domestic aircraft - commercial, private, agricultural, etc.; Road 5 include oil used for purposes other than Rail 6 flying, e.g. bench-testing of engines. It Inland Waterways 7 excludes use by airlines of motor-spirit for Pipeline Transport 8 their road vehicles. Military use of aviation Not Elsewhere Specified (Transport) 9 fuels also should be excluded here.  Breakdown International / Domestic Air Transport VERY important for the CO2 calculation Note: Oil consumed for heating and lighting at stations and airports should be reported in the Commercial sector and not in the Transport sector. Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Transport Sector (2)

Oil used for transport activity, regardless of the sector Road: exclude gasoline used in stationary engines TOTAL TRANSPORT SECTOR 2 (incl Other sector) and diesel oil for non-highway use International Civil Aviation 3 in tractors (incl Agriculture). Lubricants for use in road vehicles should be Domestic Air Transport 4 included here. Bitumen for use in road surfacing and Road 5 gasoil for engines at construction sites should not be Rail 6 incl but in Industry subsector Construction. Inland Waterways 7 Rail: oil for rail traffic, including industrial railways. Inland Waterways: oil used for inland waterways Pipeline Transport 8 and by coastal shipping, e.g. small craft, barges, Not Elsewhere Specified (Transport) 9 coastal ships not incl on International Marine Bunkers. Pipeline Transport: oil consumed in support of the operation of pipelines. Not Elsewhere Specified: Report transport activities not included elsewhere.

Oil used by industrial undertakings in support of their primary activities Report quantities of oil consumed for TOTAL INDUSTRY SECTOR 10 autoproducer heat (Heat) and (CHP) Iron and Steel 11 Chemical (incl.Petro-Chemical) 12 that is not sold but used by the plant Non Ferrous Metals 13 itself. Non Metallic Mineral Products 14 Transportation Equipment 15 Machinery 16 oil consumed for the production of heat Mining and Quarrying 17 that is sold, and for all production of Food, Beverages and Tobacco 18 electricity, should be in the Pulp, Paper and Printing 19 Wood and Wood Products 20 transformation sector. Construction 21 Chemical (incl Petrochem) should be Textiles and Leather 22 Not Elsewhere Specified (Industry) 23 reported net of backflows. Backflows are reported in the Transformation Sector ISIC  http://esa.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/

Oil used by the Other Sectors Commercial and Public Services: Oil consumed by businesses and offices in the public and private sectors. Residential: all consumption by households TOTAL OTHER SECTOR 24 Commerce and Public Services 25 including households with employed persons. Residential 26 Agriculture: oil consumption by users classified Agriculture 27 as agriculture, hunting and forestry. Fishing 28 Fishing: Report oil consumption by users Not Elsewhere Specified (Others) 29 classified as fishing (inland, coastal and deep- sea fishing) and aquaculture. Fishing ships of all flags including international fishing should be covered. Not Elsewhere Specified: Report activities not included elsewhere. Fuel consumption by road vehicles of airlines and all military activities are also reported here.

Energy products used as raw materials in the different sectors; i.e. not consumed as a fuel or transformed into another fuel.

MEMO ITEM: Below categories are already included in Nonthe above-energy sectorial breakdown. use in the chemical and TOTAL NON-ENERGY USE 30 petrochemical industry: should include Transformation Sector 31 feedstocks used for the purpose of producing Energy Sector 32 ethylene, propylene, butylene, synthesis gas, Transport Sector 33 aromatics, butadiene and other hydrocarbon- Industry Sector 34 based raw materials in processes such as of which: Chemical (incl. petrochem.) 35 steam cracking, aromatics plants and steam Other Sector 36 reforming.