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The IEA Oil Data System

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The IEA Oil Data System The IEA oil data system Joint Rosstat- IEA Energy statistics workshop Moscow, Russia 14-17 February 2012 Mieke Reece Oil and Gas Statistics IEA Energy Data Centre © OECD/IEA 2010 Timeliness The IEA Oil Data System Supply 14 oil Trade Current QUE EmergencyStock Data Origin Balance categories Levels & Dest. Supply 7 oil Month-1 Joint Oil Data Initiative JODI Balance categories Trade Supply 21 oil Stock Month-2 MOS Monthly Oil StatisticsOrigin/ Balance products Destination Levels Supply 35 oil Trade Transformation Year-1 AOS Annual Oil Origin/Statistics Energy Balance products Destination Final Consumption Detail Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Geographical Coverage of OECD/IEA 28 IEA countries 34 OECD countries 1 candidate OECD country Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 IEA Oil data – geographical coverage Questionnaire Geographical Coverage Annual OECD, UNECE Monthly OECD Emergency Data IEA Prices Prices (OECD/IEA/some Non- OECD) Other Non-OECD member country Non-OECD data Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Overview . Importance of oil in the world . Introduction A few concepts e.g. refining, units, conversion, etc . Definitions of Products Tables 1 and 2 . Definitions of Flows Tables 1 and 2 . Definitions of Sectors Tables 3 and 4 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 2009 Large reduction in share of oil in TPES between 1973 and 2009 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Russia - Total Primary Energy Supply 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 30% 22% 20% 10% 0% 1990 2009 Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Hydro Comren Other World Oil share in TPES 37% 33% Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 World uses of oil 1990 and 2009 1990 2009 19% 13% 17% 7% 8% 10% 11% 14% 46% 54% Transformation Industry Transport Non-Energy Other Transformation Industry Transport Non-Energy Other TPES = 8782 Mtoe TPES=12 150 Mtoe *Other includes energy sector use, losses and other sectors. Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Russia - uses of oil (*) 1990 and 2009 1990 2009 18% 18% 12% 7% 38% 11% 19% 28% 9% 40% Transformation Industry Transport Non-Energy Other Transformation Industry Transport Non-Energy Other TPES = 879 Ktoe TPES=647 Ktoe World oil use – Transport 36% 53% (*) excludes marine and aviation bunkers Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Russia – Important facts Major oil producer : produces 12% of total world oil production Is second largest crude oil exporter after Saudi Arabia Is the fourth largest exporter of oil products: particularly gasoil and fuel oil Accounts for 3% of world oil consumption Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 World – Effect of oil crises on the energy market 1973 oil embargo 1980 Iran/Iraq war 1990 Gulf crisis Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Relationship between oil consumption, TPES and GDP OECD Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Overview . Importance of oil in the world . Introduction A few concepts e.g. refining, units, conversion, etc . Definitions of Products Tables 1 and 2 . Definitions of Flows Tables 1 and 2 . Definitions of Sectors Tables 3 and 4 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Some “oil” principles…. Crude oil needs refining, because it has limited use in its raw state. Oil can be expressed in various units – how to convert ? Oil is the largest traded commodity in the world. Crude oil and petroleum products can be easily stored, and fulfill a security function. Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 A few words on Oil Refining What is produced? . What is consumed? Crude Oil World - Oil product consumption % 3 LPG 5 Naphtha 25 Motor Gasoline 8 Kerose ne refining 30 Gas/diesel Oil 16 Fuel Oil 13 Other Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Refining First Process: simple distillation which separates the various hydrocarbons included in the crude oil into fractions. (Atmospheric Distillation) Crude oil is put into a distillation column and heated until the various fractions boil off. The different fractions have a different boiling point and are recovered at their specific distillation temperature. Lighter fractions distill at lower temperatures than heavier. E.g. LPG is recovered at less than 30 degrees C, while gasoil distills between 180 and 380 degrees C. Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 How are oil products derived? Source: EIA Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Refining yields Source: Energy Intelligence Group, Int'l Crude Oil Market Handbook Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Further Refining To optimise (upgrade) output, further processing is needed, either by increasing heat, changing pressure, by adding catalysts, by removing sulfur or by breaking down the molecular structure. There are a variety of processes, many of them highly complex. Examples: Vacuum distillation further distills the residuum where atmospheric pressure is reduced Hydrotreater removes sulfur, using catalysts Catalytic cracker uses distillate to produce finished heating oil and diesel by using a catalyst Coker: a thermal process producing lighter products and petroleum coke from residuum Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Refining Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Refining: It is complicated ! But you don’t need to know it all! Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 The Refinery flows Refinery Input Refinery Net Output Refinery Losses LPG Naptha Gasoline Refinery Feedstk Kerosene Diesel Fuel Other Refinery Fuel Stock changes © OECD/IEA - 2010 Units of reporting and Density Oil is usually measured in mass or volume. Units of mass (weight) e.g. are metric ton Units of volume are litres, barrel or cubic metres. Conversion from one mass to volume (and reverse) is essential. To convert, the density must be known. Density is mass per volume Density for oil is often shown as specific gravity, this is the relative mass per volume compared to water. Density differs according to the various crude oils and products Examples, Specific gravity of Brent is 0.8311, while Mexican Maya is 0.9, Motor gasoline is between 0.7 and 0.79, while bitumen is between 1 and 1.1 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Converting Volume to Mass (or reverse) Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Trade Two Thirds of World Oil Reserves are in the Middle East and Russia 90% of consumption is in the rest of the world Oil is the most traded commodity in the world Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Trade (2) Crude oil needs shipping from producing to consuming areas Products need transporting from refining areas to consuming regions Oil can be transported easily through various means: tankers, barges, pipelines, railways, trucks etc. It is important to know how much your economy imports and exports in order to know the Import Dependence Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Stocks Oil stocks are essential to sustain the global oil supply system Oil stocks balance supply and demand: build when supply larger than demand, drawn when demand larger than supply Oil stocks are a leading indicator of prices Product stocks as important as crude oil stocks Stocks fulfill a strategic need e.g. government stocks Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Stocks (2) Three types of stocks – according to holder: Primary stocks: held by companies supplying the markets: producers, refiners and importers, held in refinery tanks, bulk terminals, pipeline tankage, barges, coastal tankers, tankers in port ( if they are to be discharged) and in inland ship bunkers. Also included are stocks held for strategic purposes (governments or stockholding organisations) Secondary stocks: stocks in small bulk plants and retailers ( e.g. service stations) Tertiary stocks: held by end-consumers. These could be power plants, industrial entities, households etc. Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012 © OECD/IEA 2012 Oil Stocks (3) What needs to be reported? Primary stocks Most Important! Secondary stocks: Difficult Tertiary stocks: to collect data Joint Rosstat
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