2009 Butterfly Summary Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
NORTH EAST ENGLAND BRANCH BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION BUTTERFLY SUMMARY 2009 North East England Compiled by Dave O’Brien, Roger Norman & Steve le Fleming Butterfly Conservation CONTENTS Page number Contents Page .................................................................... Inside front cover Recorder’s Review ..........................................................................................3 Monthly Butterfly Summary ...........................................................................6 Weather Summary ...........................................................................................8 Species Accounts: 2009 ...............................................................................10 Small Skipper (Thymelicus sylvestris) ........................................................10 Large Skipper (Ochlodes sylvanus) ...........................................................11 Dingy Skipper (Erynnis tages) ....................................................................12 Clouded Yellow (Colias croceus) ...............................................................14 Brimstone (Gonepteryx rhamni) .................................................................14 Large White (Pieris brassicae) ...................................................................14 Small White (Pieris rapae) .........................................................................16 Green-veined White (Pieris napi) ...............................................................17 Orange Tip (Anthocharis cardamines) .......................................................18 Green Hairstreak (Callophrys rubi) ............................................................20 Purple Hairstreak (Neozephyrus quercus) .................................................21 White-letter Hairstreak (Satyrium w-album) ...............................................22 Small Copper (Lycaena phlaeas) ...............................................................23 Brown Argus (Plebeius (Aricia) agestis) ....................................................24 Northern Brown Argus (Plebeius (Aricia) artaxerxes) ................................26 Long-tailed Blue (Lampides boeticus) ........................................................27 Common Blue (Polyommatus icarus) .........................................................27 Holly Blue (Celastrina argiolus) ..................................................................29 Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta) ................................................................30 Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui) ..................................................................31 Small Tortoiseshell (Aglais urticae) ............................................................33 Peacock (Inachis io) ...................................................................................34 Comma (Polygonia c-album) ......................................................................35 Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Boloria selene) .........................................37 Dark Green Fritillary (Argynnis aglaja) .......................................................38 Speckled Wood (Pararge aegeria) .............................................................40 Wall Brown (Lasiommata megera) .............................................................41 Marbled White (Melanargia galathea) ........................................................42 Grayling (Hipparchia semele) .....................................................................43 Gatekeeper (Pyronia tithonus) ...................................................................44 Meadow Brown (Maniola jurtina) ................................................................45 Ringlet (Aphantopus hyperantus) ...............................................................46 Small Heath (Coenonympha pamphilus) ...................................................47 Large Heath (Coenonympha tullia) ............................................................48 Contributors ..................................................................................................50 Flight Period Table ........................................................................................52 Species Abundance Comparison Table .....................................................53 Graphs showing changes in abundance for Small White, Small Copper, Red Admiral & Ringlet ....................................................54 Submitting Butterfly Records in 2010 ................................... Inside back cover North East England Branch Committee Members ..................... Back cover (Front cover: Painted Lady, Terry Coult) The latest annual report, newsletter and Branch details are available on the website: www.northeast-butterflies.org.uk 2 RECORDERS’ REVIEW Introduction: 2009 was a bumper year for records with 18506 records of butterfly sightings from over 160 contributors. The records total submitted just exceeds our previous record year of 2006, which was a year when the sun really shone. Below we show where the recording took place in 2009, with a total of 638 tetrads visited. NORTHUMBERLAND & DURHAM TETRADS VISITED IN 2009 Recording: 2009 was, of course, the year of the Painted Lady which arrived in large numbers in May, but was not the only immigrant to our region: a Long-tailed Blue was recorded at New Hartley, evidently an unwitting passenger in imported foodstuffs. It was unlikely to have found a mate, whereas the Painted Ladies bred to produce fresh specimens later in the season which apparently headed home in the autumn; it will be interesting to see if any hibernated here to emerge in the spring. However, that other migrant, Clouded Yellow was not seen here in 2009. The summer weather in our region was again poor, not quite as bad as 2008, but enough to affect some species noticeably: some of the UK Biodiversity Action Plan's priority species, Large Heath, Wall, Grayling and Dingy Skipper apear to have coped quite well in places, while Northern Brown Argus has declined despite being rediscovered in old habitat, and interesting ova records were submitted for White-letter Hairstreak. Of the species not given priority status even the ubiquitous Meadow Brown, normally resilient, took a heavy hit, and Holly Blue was recorded rarely enough to suggest that its population has shrunk catastrophically; we shall have to make a special point of looking for this butterfly whose first brood normally appears in mid- 3 April. We shall also be hoping to see Gatekeeper establish itself more securely in the region after a very thin year. The graph below shows that our records database grew steadily over the first part of the Butterflies for the New Millennium Project and that recorders have maintained their enthusiasm over the subsequent years, despite the fluctuations in our summer weather that we have experienced recently. NORTH EAST ENGLAND: RECORDS & RECORDERS, 1995 - 2009 20,000 250 18,000 Records 16,000 Recorders 200 14,000 12,000 150 10,000 8,000 100 6,000 Recorders (line) Recorders Records (columns) 4,000 50 2,000 0 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year In 2009 Butterfly Conservation introduced its Wider Countryside Butterfly Survey (WCBS): the idea was to try to discover how widespread butterflies are, not just in the hotspots of people's gardens or the sites patrolled by transect walkers, but in a random scatter of OS grid squares which might or might not contain any butterflies. Volunteers were sent a map of their square(s) and asked to plot two 1 km. walks on it, ideally parallel and not closer than 200 metres apart, to get permission from landowners, to submit the route for approval and to undertake a minimum of two walks in the summer. Special thanks to everyone who struggled through remote bogs or trudged urban streets possibly devoid of butterflies. WCBS was something of an experiment, but is now going to continue in 2010; more volunteers should approach Brian Denham, our transect co-ordinator. As well as casual records, we collect data from regular transect walkers and, in 2009 a total of 28 transect were covered giving valuable systematic data for headquarters which will be used to assess trends in numbers of our commoner species. Given the population of this corner of England and our relatively small membership, this is a magnificent total and congratulations are due to everyone who took part. Whereas casual records are used to assess distribution and ranges, transect data is used to assess changes in abundance from year to year and decade to decade and is a key conservation tool. 2009 marked the end of the third five-yearly phase of the Butterflies for the New Millennium Project. The end of the first phase was marked by the publication of the Atlas1 and the end of the second phase by an update2. It is anticipated that these will be brought up-to-date by a further publication in due course, to which our regional records will have made a valuable contribution. In the meantime, I trust you will all keep on recording, particularly of our less common species as without records, we cannot tell how they are faring. 1 Asher, J., Warren, M., Fox, R., Harding, P., Jeffcoate, P., Jeffcoate, S., 2001. The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland. OUP, Oxford. 2 Fox, R., Asher, J., Brereton, T., Roy, D., Warren, M., 2006. The State of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland. Pisces Publications, Newbury, Berks. 4 The map below shows the tetrads from which we have not yet received