Homo Sapiens
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Cerutti Mastodon Site Abstract 02-06-18
The Cerutti Mastodon site: evidence for hominins in southern California 130,000 years ago. Thomas A Deméré San Diego Natural History Museum Steven R. Holen Center for American Paleolithic Research Abstract The Cerutti Mastodon (CM) site was discovered and excavated along State Route 54 in San Diego over a 5-month period during the winter of 1992-93 and yielded the partial remains of a single American mastodon (Mammut americanum) in association with evidence indicating that hominins used hammers and anvils to break the limb bones and molars. The bone assemblage and associated cobbles are contained within a fine-grain silt/sand in a low-energy overbank depositional setting. The taphonomic evidence for human agency is diverse and includes bone impact features (e.g., cone flakes, bulbs of percussion, and a large arcuate impact notch with associated negative flake scars); stone impact and usewear features (e.g., negative flake scars, Hertzian initiations, deep cracks and angular fractures); bone, tusk, and stone distribution patterns (e.g., femoral diaphysis fragments clustered around a single large cobble, detached femoral heads positioned side-by-side, and vertically oriented tusk); differential bone breakage (e.g., intact fragile ribs vs. sharply broken heavy limb bones); and bone, molar, and stone refits (e.g., 80-cm displacement of 5 pieces of a partial femoral diaphysis, 3-meter displacement of 3 pieces of single molar, 3-meter displacement of 7 pieces of a single large cobble). Significantly, most CM bones and stones were enclosed within crusts of pedogenic carbonate that establish a “chain of evidence” showing that breakage and positioning of objects at the site occurred many thousands of years ago, and, as we contend, before burial of the site. -
Human Evolution Timeline 1
Name: Human Origins Web Inquiry 1. Got to the website: http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence 2. Read the paragraph under “Evidence of Evolution.” 3. In the maroon box on the left, click on “Timeline Interactive” 4. Start by clicking on the red bands at the bottom of the timeline, beginning with Homo sapiens and the rest of the Hominids. Read the information boxes that pop up when you click. 5. When you come across a species you find particularly interesting, record that information (including dates) in the box below. Record facts of at least 5 interesting hominid species, including Homo sapiens. 6. Then begin to explore the rest of the timeline. As you go, record at least 5 other interesting species. 7. Use the magnifier tool at the bottom of the timeline. Click on “color key” to identify the different color dots. Each dot represents a specific piece of evidence scientists have discovered in their study of evolution. 8. Click on various colored dots to learn about tools, events, geology, climate information, behavior, and skeletal adaptations discovered by scientists that add to the evidence for human evolution. Record 7 pieces of evidence you find interesting or particularly important in the box on the back. Make sure to put down different types of evidence (different colors). 9. Take 15-20 minutes to explore the whole timeline and record interesting facts. 10. Build your own timeline on the next page, filling in the interesting species and evidence you recorded in their proper place in the timeline. Hominids Species Dates Interesting fact(s) Homo sapiens Name: Evidence Type of Date Interesting fact(s) Evidence Name: Human Evolution Timeline 1. -
The Adaptive Significance of Human Language
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Senior Thesis Projects, 1993-2002 College Scholars 2000 The Adaptive Significance of Human Language Nathan Oesch Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_interstp2 Recommended Citation Oesch, Nathan, "The Adaptive Significance of Human Language" (2000). Senior Thesis Projects, 1993-2002. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_interstp2/52 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the College Scholars at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Thesis Projects, 1993-2002 by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Adaptive Significance of Human Language Nathan Oesch Department of Psychology University of Tennessee, Knoxville noesch @ utk. edu Abstract Many experts have argued that human language is fundamentally incompatible with the principles of traditional Darwinian evolutionary theory. According to conventional Darwinian explanations, specific traits evolved among species according to gradual and incremental genetic changes, each of which that were in some way so favorable to the survival and reproduction of ancestral generations that they were ultimately preserved within successive generations of those species. Human language, it has been said, is simply to complex to be explained as a result of Darwinian explanations, since each successive step in the evolution of language would confer no obvious survival benefits to its recipients. According to this idea, language is such an "all-or none system," that it could not possibly have existed in any immediately beneficial intermediate forms and thus could not have evolved according to conventional Darwinian modes of explanation. -
New Discoveries in the American Paleolithic
NEW DISCOVERIES IN THE AMERICAN PALEOLITHIC THE PRE-16,000 BP ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD ANZA-BORREGO DESERT STATE PARK® BORREGO SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA, USA 10-12 JANUARY 2019 Conference Weekend Events AGENDA Thursday, January 10, 5:00-8:00 pm Meet & Greet / Poster Presentations Steele/Burnand Anza-Borrego Desert Research Center 401 Tilting T Drive Borrego Springs, CA 92004 Friday, January 11, 8:00 am-5:00 pm Speaker Presentations Borrego Springs Performing Arts Center 590 Palm Canyon Drive Borrego Springs, CA 92004 Saturday, January 12, 8:00 am-5:00 pm Speaker Presentations Borrego Springs Performing Arts Center 590 Palm Canyon Drive Borrego Springs, CA 92004 Host Committee: Steven R. Holen, Kathleen Holen, Robin Connors, Lyndon K. Murray, G.T. Jefferson, and Briana Puzzo Center for American Paleolithic Research Anza-Borrego Desert State Park® Anza-Borrego Foundation Begole Archaeological Research Center Meet & Greet and Poster Session Thursday Evening, January 10th 5pm-8pm Steele/Burnand Desert Research Center, Borrego Springs 5:30 Welcome Elaine Tulving, UCI Steele/Burnand Desert Research Center Steven Holen, Center for American Paleolithic Research Briana Puzzo, Anza-Borrego Foundation Robin Connors, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park® THE CALICO SITE: AGE, CONTEXT AND THE ARTIFACT/GEOFACT ISSUE BUDINGER, Fred E. Jr., Budinger & Associates, San Bernardino, California, USA, OBERLANDER, Theodore M., University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, BISCHOFF, James L., U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA and OWEN, Lewis A., Geology Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ROBERT BEGOLE 1919 TO 2010: A LEGACY OF STONES CONNORS, Robin, and ELSKEN, Hayley, Begole Archaeological Research Center, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park®, California, USA W. -
November/December 2017 ISSN 0897-2478 Volume 45, Number 6
SSSDDDCCCAAASSS Newsletter NNeewwsslleetttteerr November/December 2017 ISSN 0897-2478 Volume 45, Number 6 The mission of the San Diego County Archaeological Society is to promote public understanding and President’s Message appreciation of archaeology in general and to encourage By Shannon Foglia the preservation of the cultural resources of San Diego County. The year is almost at an end and I can’t believe this is the last newsletter of 2017! I hope everyone has a great upcoming holiday season filled with relaxation, good Calendar company, and great food! SDCAS has been busy the Support your Society! Items in boxes are past months with community events. First in October, SDCAS-organized or sponsored events we had Arch in the Park, which I am sure you’ll read more about inside! Continuing the Archaeology NOVEMBER IS NATIVE AMERICAN Month celebrations, SDCAS hosted a table at the HERITAGE MONTH! Colorado Desert Archaeology Society’s (CDAS) Archaeology Weekend at Anza-Borrego Desert State November & December (8 am-5 pm) Liberty Station Park. The event showcased the CDAS volunteers’ Celebrating the Art in Archaeology art show (Continued on page 4) See announcement inside (Pg. 3) November 28 (7:30 p.m.) Los Peñasquitos INSIDE SDCAS Fourth Tuesday Lecture Pg. 2 Board of Directors / Meeting Locations “The Cerutti Mastodon site: evidence for hominins in southern Pg. 2 Editor’s Message & Submission Information California 130,000 years ago” Pg. 3 Members’ News Corner See announcement inside (Pg. 4) Pg. 4 Upcoming SDCAS Meeting & Speaker December 1 & 3—Steele/Burnand Anza-Borrego Desert Pg. 4 Membership Report Research Center 3rd Annual Colorado Desert Cultural Heritage Symposium Pg. -
Denisovan Portrait Drawn From
IN FOCUS NEWS trees across 13 provinces in the country’s north since the programme began in 1978. Around 2000, deserts across the country MAAYAN HAREL MAAYAN were expanding by 10,400 square kilometres a year, says the government. But in 2017, it reported that China’s deserts were shrinking by more than 2,400 square kilometres a year. A 2018 study1 of satellite data from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration found that forest cover has increased in line with government statistics, but suggested that changes in logging policy were more important than afforestation — planting forests where none were before. In 1999, the Chinese government began planting millions of trees in its Grain for Green Program, intended to repair dam- aged farmland in the northern Loess Plateau, which is roughly the size of France. And the afforestation drive is continuing apace: in 2018, the government announced a target of 30% forest coverage by 2050. At the moment, the coverage is around 22%. It’s still too early to determine whether it has solved the problem, says Congbin Fu, director of the Institute for Climate and Global Change Research at Nanjing University. Land restoration can take An artist’s impression of a young female Denisovan, based on skeletal traits derived from ancient DNA. several decades or even 100 years, he says. There are pitfalls to mass tree-planting. ANCIENT HUMANS Large parts of China — including some areas where trees are being planted — are getting drier. A paper2 co-authored by Sternberg found that arid areas in China had increased Denisovan portrait by roughly 1.6 million square kilometres, about the size of Iran, since 1980 — probably due largely to anthropogenic climate change. -
Evolutionary Musicology
I THE BEGINNING 1 An Introduction to Evolutionary Musicology Steven Brown, Björn Merker, and Nils L. Wallin Abstract In this introduction to the new field of evolutionary musicology, we see that the study of music origins provides a fresh and exciting approach to the under- standing of human evolution, a topic that so far has been dominated by a focus on language evolution. The language-centered view of humanity has to be expanded to include music, first, because the evolution of language is highly inter- twined with the evolution of music, and, second, because music provides a spe- cific and direct means of exploring the evolution of human social structure, group function, and cultural behavior. Music making is the quintessential human cul- tural activity, and music is an ubiquitous element in all cultures large and small. The study of music evolution promises to shed light on such important issues as evolution of the hominid vocal tract; the structure of acoustic-communication signals; human group structure; division of labor at the group level; the capacity for designing and using tools; symbolic gesturing; localization and lateralization of brain function; melody and rhythm in speech; the phrase-structure of lan- guage; parent-infant communication; emotional and behavioral manipulation through sound; interpersonal bonding and synchronization mechanisms; self- expression and catharsis; creativity and aesthetic expression; the human affinity for the spiritual and the mystical; and finally, of course, the universal human attachment to music -
From a Scientific Point of View
From a Scientific Point of View From a Scientific Point of View: Reasoning and Evidence Beat Improvisation across Fields By Mario Bunge From a Scientific Point of View: Reasoning and Evidence Beat Improvisation across Fields By Mario Bunge This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Mario Bunge All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0864-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0864-4 CONTENTS Preface ....................................................................................................... vii 1. The Scientific Worldview ........................................................................ 1 2. Should Scientists Listen to Philosophers? ............................................. 15 3. Interdependence of Epistemology and Metaphysics .............................. 29 4. Human Nature is Unnatural ................................................................... 37 5. The Study of Early Societies ................................................................. 53 6. Reframing Mental Disorders ................................................................. 71 7. Technology ≠ Applied Science -
A 130,000-Year-Old Archaeological Site in Southern California, USA Steven R
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature22065 A 130,000-year-old archaeological site in southern California, USA Steven R. Holen1,2, Thomas A. Deméré2, Daniel C. Fisher3,4, Richard Fullagar5, James B. Paces6, George T. Jefferson7, Jared M. Beeton8, Richard A. Cerutti2, Adam N. Rountrey3, Lawrence Vescera7 & Kathleen A. Holen1,2 The earliest dispersal of humans into North America is a fragments (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 5). One contentious subject, and proposed early sites are required to meet tusk was found lying horizontally, and the other was oriented vertically the following criteria for acceptance: (1) archaeological evidence with the distal portion penetrating the underlying strata. Femora were is found in a clearly defined and undisturbed geologic context; represented by detached femoral heads and spiral-fractured diaphyseal (2) age is determined by reliable radiometric dating; (3) multiple fragments that had been broken while fresh14 (Fig. 2 and Extended lines of evidence from interdisciplinary studies provide consistent Data Figs 3a, b, 4a–e), whereas several fragile ribs and vertebrae were results; and (4) unquestionable artefacts are found in primary unbroken. context1,2. Here we describe the Cerutti Mastodon (CM) site, an Two concentrations of spiral-fractured bone and broken molar frag- archaeological site from the early late Pleistocene epoch, where ments were delineated, each clustered around a separate andesite cobble in situ hammerstones and stone anvils occur in spatio-temporal (concentrations 1 and 2 (Fig. 1b, c)). Refitting bone fragments were association with fragmentary remains of a single mastodon found in concentration 1 (Fig. 1c), where both femoral heads lay adja- (Mammut americanum). -
No Evidence for Recent Selection at FOXP2 Among Diverse Human Populations
Article No Evidence for Recent Selection at FOXP2 among Diverse Human Populations Graphical Abstract Authors Elizabeth Grace Atkinson, Amanda Jane Audesse, Julia Adela Palacios, Dean Michael Bobo, Ashley Elizabeth Webb, Sohini Ramachandran, Brenna Mariah Henn Correspondence [email protected] (E.G.A.), [email protected] (B.M.H.) In Brief An in-depth examination of diverse sets of human genomes argues against a recent selective evolutionary sweep of FOXP2, a gene that was believed to be critical for speech evolution in early hominins. Highlights d No support for positive selection at FOXP2 in large genomic datasets d Sample composition and genomic scale significantly affect selection scans d An intronic ROI within FOXP2 is expressed in human brain cells and cortical tissue d This ROI contains a large amount of constrained, human- specific polymorphisms Atkinson et al., 2018, Cell 174, 1424–1435 September 6, 2018 ª 2018 Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.048 Article No Evidence for Recent Selection at FOXP2 among Diverse Human Populations Elizabeth Grace Atkinson,1,8,9,10,* Amanda Jane Audesse,2,3 Julia Adela Palacios,4,5 Dean Michael Bobo,1 Ashley Elizabeth Webb,2,6 Sohini Ramachandran,4 and Brenna Mariah Henn1,7,* 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA 2Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA 3Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary -
Adam and Eve Outside of Eden Prof.M.M.Ninan
ADAM AND EVE OUTSIDE OF EDEN PROF.M.M.NINAN ISBN 978-0-359-08377-0 Normal, IL Feb., 2018 ADAM AND EVE OUTSIDE OF EDEN PROF.M.M.NINAN CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER ONE: THE STORY SO FAR 1 CHAPTER TWO: THE WORLD OUTSIDE OF EDEN. 10 CHAPTER THREE: ADAM: THE GIANT FARMER 29 CHAPTER FOUR; CAIN AND ABEL 47 CHAPTERFIVE: CAINANDSETH 67 CHAPTER SIX: NEPHILIM AND THE DAUGHTERS OF MEN 77 CHAPTER SEVEN: CLEANSING THE EARTH 95 ADAM AND EVE OUTSIDE OF EDEN PROF.M.M.NINAN PREFACE This is a continuation of my studies in genesis in which I study what happened to Adam and Eve after they have been thrown out of Eden because they did not obey the one commandment as children given by God the Father. Thus in order that they may not remain as eternal demons with a selfish nature, God send them out clothed in skin and to live of their own using their brains and learning to live. Since outside of Eden, the law of entropy was the default law, they are no susceptible to death. God had his plan of redemption without violating the freedom of any of his children. Until all creation is redeemed, since creation is always part of God himself with whole universe within God as the only reality is God, God himself will be in torment and pain. Yet that is what having children mean - even on earth. Adam carried the selfish ego DNA as a Son of God went out into the world outside of Eden, with the only profession he knew as an Agriculturalist. -
Lieberman 2001E.Pdf
news and views Another face in our family tree Daniel E. Lieberman The evolutionary history of humans is complex and unresolved. It now looks set to be thrown into further confusion by the discovery of another species and genus, dated to 3.5 million years ago. ntil a few years ago, the evolutionary history of our species was thought to be Ureasonably straightforward. Only three diverse groups of hominins — species more closely related to humans than to chim- panzees — were known, namely Australo- pithecus, Paranthropus and Homo, the genus to which humans belong. Of these, Paran- MUSEUMS OF KENYA NATIONAL thropus and Homo were presumed to have evolved between two and three million years ago1,2 from an early species in the genus Australopithecus, most likely A. afarensis, made famous by the fossil Lucy. But lately, confusion has been sown in the human evolutionary tree. The discovery of three new australopithecine species — A. anamensis3, A. garhi 4 and A. bahrelghazali5, in Kenya, Ethiopia and Chad, respectively — showed that genus to be more diverse and Figure 1 Two fossil skulls from early hominin species. Left, KNM-WT 40000. This newly discovered widespread than had been thought. Then fossil is described by Leakey et al.8. It is judged to represent a new species, Kenyanthropus platyops. there was the finding of another, as yet poorly Right, KNM-ER 1470. This skull was formerly attributed to Homo rudolfensis1, but might best be understood, genus of early hominin, Ardi- reassigned to the genus Kenyanthropus — the two skulls share many similarities, such as the flatness pithecus, which is dated to 4.4 million years of the face and the shape of the brow.