Totara Reserve Regional Park %SBGU"TTFU.BOBHFNFOU1MBO +VOF
Author Bill Martyn Manager – Biosecurity & Habitat Protection
Front Cover Photos Totara Reserve Regional Park Photo: (David Lupton)
July 2012 ISBN No 978-0-927189-53-8 Report No: 2012/EXT/1247
CONTACT 24hr Freephone 0508 800 800 [email protected] www.horizons.govt.nz
Kairanga Cnr Rongotea & Kairanga-Bunnythorpe Rds Palmerston North Levin Palmerston North 11 Bruce Road Marton 11-15 Victoria Avenue SERVICE REGIONAL Cnr Hammond & Hair Sts DEPOTS CENTRES HOUSES Taihape Wanganui Torere Road Taumarunui 181 Guyton Street Ohotu 34 Maata Street
Woodville Cnr Vogel (SH2) & Tay Sts
POSTAL Horizons Regional Council, Private Bag 11025, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North 4442 | 06 9522 929 ADDRESS F
FOREWORD
On 19 January 2012 stewardship of Totara Reserve was vested with Horizons Regional Council. The reserve has recently become the Manawatu’s first regional park and the Council has responsibility for managing it. These changes require the existing asset management plan (Totara Reserve Management Plan 2009) to be reviewed and updated.
The reviewed Asset Management Plan is an important document. Its overall purpose is to provide for the use, enjoyment, maintenance, protection and appropriate development of the reserve within available reserve resources. This provides the community with certainty about the future direction of Totara Reserve and enables Horizons Regional Council to manage it effectively.
The reviewed Asset Management Plan has adjusted policy to reflect the vesting of the reserve in Horizons Regional Council and the Council’s management of the reserve. To recognise changes, the Council proposes renaming the reserve Totara Reserve Regional Park. At the same time, it proposes to unite the land parcels that make up the park as one reserve.
One of the main issues that continue to be addressed in the draft Asset Management Plan is using the reserve for recreational activities and at the same time protecting and enhancing the significant natural resources on the reserve. A key to achieving a balance once the policies have been finalised is the implementation of the development which builds on the recreational use of the reserve as well as its unique natural qualities.
This draft Asset Management Plan is now open for public comment as required under the Reserves Act 1977. The Council is welcoming feedback from the community on the policies, the development plan and the proposal to rename and unite the parts that make up the reserve. Written comments may be made about any aspect of the draft plan along with suggestions and reasons for requested changes. A request to be heard at the Council public hearing to support written comments may also be made. Submission forms are available on the Council’s website and at Council offices.
Michael McCartney CHIEF EXECUTIVE
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CONTENTS
1. Introduction...... 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Process 2 1.3 Asset Management Plan Review 2 1.4 Reserves Act 1977 2 1.5 Reserve Classification 2 1.6 Treaty of Waitangi 3 1.7 Other Legislation 4 1.8 Links with Plans and Strategies 4 1.9 Horizon Regional Council 4 1.10 Department of Conservation and Ministry for the Environment 6 1.11 Mana Whenua 6 1.12 Reserve Description 7 2. Vision and Objectives ...... 11 2.1 Vision 11 2.2 Objectives 11 3. Reserve Resources ...... 12 3.1 Natural Resources 12 3.2 Recreational Resources/Use 18 3.3 Facilities, Structures, Tracks and Trails 21 4. Management...... 23 4.1 Administration 23 4.2 Maintenance 28 4.3 Visitor Health and Safety 28 4.4 Promotion/Education 31 5. Stakeholders ...... 33 5.1 Statutory and Non Statutory Interest Groups and Communities 33 6. Development ...... 35 6.1 Introduction 35 6.2 Aims 35 6.3 Totara Reserve Development Plan 36 6.4 Implementing the Development/Improvement Plan 37 6.5 Design Criteria for Totara Reserve 37 7. Glossary ...... 40 8. Bibliography...... 42 9. Appendices ...... 43
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1. Introduction
1.1 Background
The Totara Reserve Regional Park Asset Management Plan (asset management plan) provides for the management of Totara Reserve. For the purposes of the asset management plan, Totara Scenic Reserve, Pohangina Domain Recreation Reserve and the former gravel pit are considered as one reserve and referred to in the plan as Totara Reserve (refer to Figure 1 Location Map below).
Figure 1 Location Map
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1.2 Process
The Totara Reserve Asset Management Plan (asset management plan) has been prepared in accordance with Section 41 of the Reserves Act 1977. It establishes a vision for Totara Reserve and provides a policy framework for the protection, recreational use, management and development of the reserve. The intention to prepare the first asset management plan for Totara Reserve was publicly advertised in 1998 by Manawatu District Council and finalised in 2009. At that time, both Manawatu District Council and Horizons Regional Council had management responsibilities for the reserve. However, because of the reserve’s regional significance, a decision was made to vest the reserve in Horizons Regional Council (the Council). On 19 January 2012, Totara Reserve was vested in Horizons Regional Council which now has sole stewardship of the reserve. This now requires a review and update of the asset management plan.
1.3 Asset Management Plan Review
Once updated and approved, the revised asset management plan will be fully reviewed at ten yearly intervals. Alterations and additions may be made from time to time to reflect changing circumstances with respect to reserve management and development. Any proposed alterations or additions involving a comprehensive review of the asset management plan will be publicly notified in accordance with Section 41 of the Reserves Act 1977.
1.4 Reserves Act 1977 Bulls Feilding The Reserves Act specifies management requirements for the Council’s reserves. The purpose of the Act is: To make further provision for their acquisition, control, management, maintenance, preservation (including the protection of the natural environment) development, and use, and to make provision for public access to the coastline and the countryside.
1.5 Reserve Classification Woodville Palmersto A key requirement of the Reserves Act 1977 is the classification of reserves and the preparation of asset management plans that are consistent with the purposes for which the reserves have been classified. The asset management plan provides for and ensures that the objectives and policies in the plan are in line with the classifications. The lands covered by the asset management plan are classified Scenic Reserve under Section 19(1)(a. The one section of the reserve which is classified as (Landscape Protection and Plantation) under Section 23 is controlled and managed by Manawatu District Council. Refer Appendix 1 for Reserve Land Title Plans, Appendix 2 for a Schedule of Property Details and Appendix 3 for Gazette notices.
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Reserves classified Scenic under Section 19(1)(a) are managed primarily to protect and preserve: In perpetuity for their intrinsic worth and for the benefit, enjoyment, and use of the public suitable areas possessing such qualities of scenic interest, beauty, or natural features or landscape that their protection and preservation are desirable in the public interest. Reserves classified Local Purpose under Section 23 are managed primarily to provide areas for: Such local purposes as are specified in any classification of the reserve where scenic, historic, archaeological, biological or natural features are present on the reserve, those features shall be managed and protected to the extent compatible with the primary purpose of the reserve. The Reserves Act 1977 also provides the basis under which the Council must manage its reserves for the benefit and enjoyment of the public. Sections 55, 56 and 61 of the Act set out the administrative powers of the Council in respect to scenic and local purpose reserves. Appendix 2C of the Reserves Act Guide sets out further powers under delegation, once the asset management plan is approved by the Minister of Conservation. These include giving consent for the cutting or destruction of exotic trees and bush on Scenic Reserves. The vision statement, objectives and policies in this asset management plan are consistent with the purposes for which the reserves are classified.
1.6 Treaty of Waitangi
The asset management plan aims to interpret and administer the Reserves Act 1977 to give effect to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi in the formulation and implementation of the reserve management policy as required under Section 4 of the Conservation Act 1987. In the context of Totara Reserve these principles are: • To act reasonably and in good faith • To make informed decisions • To consider whether active steps are needed to protect Maori interests • To avoid actions that would prevent the redress of claims • To recognise that Government must be able to govern • To consult with tangata whenua, iwi and hapu and to take into account issues or concerns raised where activities are likely to disturb or impact on sites of cultural significance on the reserve when major developments are proposed • To recognise and provide for the relationship of Maori when expressing their culture and traditions with respect to their ancestral lands, water, sites, Waahi Tapu and other taonga, in the management of Totara Reserve. • To conduct the process of consultation with Maori within the spirit of bicultural partnership that exists between Maori and the Council • To ensure that both parties are satisfied that their rights are upheld.
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The Council is committed to effective on-going consultation with iwi in the management of Totara Reserve and when reviewing the Totara Reserve Asset Management Plan. Rangitaane O Manawatu (through Tanenuiarangi Manawatu Inc as administrator) is recognised through statutory acknowledgement and deed of recognition as having mana whenua authority over the area and the authority to engage with the Council on matters relating to Totara Reserve management.
1.7 Other Legislation
The Council, in providing and managing its reserves, is guided by a number of other Acts other than the Reserves Act. These Acts, as well as giving the Council a clear mandate to develop its reserve network, also affect how the Council plans and manages its reserves. The policies in this plan are in compliance with these Acts. The Council is also required to take into account a number of other Acts in the management of the reserves. Building Act 2004, Biosecurity Act 1993, Conservation Act 1987, Crown Minerals act 1991, Disabled Persons Community Welfare Act 1975, Fencing Act 1978, Freshwater Fisheries Act 1983, Freedom Camping Act 2011, Health Act 1956, Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, Historic Places Act 1993, Litter Act 1979, Local Government Act 2002, Maori Fisheries Act 1992, NZ Walkways Act 1990, Resource Management Act 1991, Sale of Liquor Act 1989 and the Wildlife Act 1953.
1.8 Links with Plans and Strategies
Totara Reserve exists in the context of the wider landscape. It is therefore desirable to adopt a strategic approach to the management of the reserve that recognises the integrated and multi-faceted nature of landscape. Such an approach acknowledges that the reserve is ecologically interdependent with the wider landscape. As a number of agencies and institutions manage the landscape in the Manawatu, their data and plans should be considered and taken into account when making decisions on management of Totara Reserve.
1.9 Horizon Regional Council
The asset management plan sits within a wide range of Council plans required under some of the Acts identified above, in particular the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) and the Local Government Act 2002 (LGA). The RMA requires the sustainable management of the region’s natural and physical resources, including those in parks and reserves. It requires the development of Regional Plans and strategies which the Council has incorporated into the ‘One Plan’. The LGA requires the Council to prepare a Long Term Plan (LTP), which sets out Council’s priorities and financial strategy for the next 10 years. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship the asset management plan has with the plans prepared by the Council under these two Acts. When these plans are reviewed they should take into account the policies in the asset management plan.
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Figure 2: Relationship between the asset management plan and legislation and planning documents
One Plan Horizons Regional Council has combined seven separate environmental plans, including the Regional Plan and Regional Policy Statement into one document. The ‘One Plan’ directs management of the region’s natural and physical resources and promotes their sustainable management. The objectives and policies in the One Plan that affect the planning, provision and management of Totara Reserve include ecosystems, landscape, heritage and the built environment. The following plans from the regional council also guide management of resources within the region: • Regional Plan for Beds of Rivers and Lakes and Associated Activities • Manawatu Catchment Water Quality Plan • Native Biodiversity Statement – Issues and Opinions for the Manawatu Region
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Long Term Plan (LTP) The LTP sets out Council’s priorities for the next 10 years and provides information on Council services, budgets and major projects. The plan also outlines how Council contributes to meeting community outcomes. These outcomes set the strategic direction for the Region. The plan must be updated every three years. Totara Reserve contributes to achieving a number of LTP community outcomes. Of particular relevance to Totara Reserve is protection and enhancement of indigenous biodiversity and sustained plant and animal pest control.
Other Relevant Plans Two Council strategies of particular relevance to Totara Reserve are: • Regional Plant Pest Management Strategy • Regional Animal Pest Management Strategy. These two management strategies focus on management of pests in order to safeguard the indigenous biodiversity of Totara Reserve.
1.10 Department of Conservation and Ministry for the Environment
Both these agencies have useful policy guidance strategies on the promotion of habitats for indigenous plants as well as a number of best practice management techniques for native flora and fauna. The following documents are relevant: • The New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy (DoC & MfE) • Manawatu Plains Ecological District: Survey report for the Protected Natural Areas Programme (Wanganui Conservancy, DoC).
1.11 Mana Whenua
There is a long history of Maori occupation in the Manawatu, as outlined in the following section (History and Management). Totara Reserve is included in the rohe of Rangitaane O Manawatu. Ongoing involvement with Rangitaane O Manawatu in the management and development of the lands covered by this asset management plan is essential and required under a number of statutes, as long as actions are congruent with the purposes of the Reserves Act and of the classification of Totara Reserve (refer to the sections Reserves Act, Classification and Treaty of Waitangi, and Policy 9.2.1 Iwi and Hapu). Settlement of claims under the Treaty of Waitangi 1975 may impact on the administration of the lands covered by this asset management plan should they be included in any Treaty of Waitangi settlement claims. Mana Whenua, as defined in the Resource Management Act 1991 means customary authority exercised by an iwi or hapu in an identified area. The concept of mana whenua is a key concept for pakeha understanding when dealing with the appropriate authority over matters relating to environmental management philosophies of Te Ao Maori (the Maori world). Iwi have different environmental philosophies in relation to their regional affiliations and may not have mana whenua rights guaranteed under current legislation.
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Introduction
In general, mana whenua is the authority to control and manage a particular area or resource in relation to prescribed customary and cultural practices. The authority is gained through the relationship of the people and the resources of the land. This relationship has developed by an association based on the genealogy or lineage of those people being the original people to occupy the land. The following have an interest in the lands covered by this asset management plan: • Rangitaane o Manawatu (represented by Tanenuiarangi Manawatu Incorporated, a mandated iwi authority) 1 • Ngati Raukawa ki te Tonga (represented by Te Rununga o Raukawa, a mandated iwi authority) • Ngati Apa • Aorangi • Kauwhata • Rangimarie • Te Iwa.
1.12 Reserve Description
Totara Reserve is used by a wide variety of people, both local and visitors to the Manawatu, for a range of recreational, botanical, educational and leisure opportunities. The area known collectively as Totara Reserve is currently made up of a number of reserves: Totara Scenic Reserve, Pohangina Domain Recreation Reserve and the former gravel pit. These reserves form a contiguous ecological unit and are managed as such. They also provide complementary recreational opportunities, facilities and amenities. A copy of the land title plan is attached as Appendix 1 and a schedule of the property details is in Appendix 2.
History and Management The reserve is located in part of the Ahuatūranga Block (acquired by the Crown from Rangitaane O Manawatu in 1864) which was surveyed in 1858 by John Tiffen Stewart for the Native Land Purchase Department. In pre-European times, the Pohangina Valley was extensively covered in dense bush provided communicative, cultural and natural resources. The Pohangina River Valley was used extensively as an access way between the Manawatu and Hawke’s Bay. Its wildlife and native seeds were harvested for food and its timber for waka manufacturing.
1 The Crown and Rangitaane o Manawatu have a Heads of Agreement that includes statutory acknowledgements registering the iwi’s traditional, historical, cultural and spiritual association with places and sites owned by the Crown within the rohe, and a Deed of Recognition that specifies the nature of the iwi’s input into the management of specific sites. Refer ‘Heads of Agreement between the Crown and Rangitaane o Manawatu’.
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Stewart (1859) found 25 sites of pre-European settlements along the Pohangina River, including ‘Toutauirangi’ on the spur above the confluence of the Pohangina River and Makiekie (Coal) Creek (between Pohangina Valley East Road and the formal camping ground). These would most likely have been Rangitaane O Manawatu sites. The New Zealand Archaeological association has identified three archaeological sites near Totara Reserve. The river valley has defensive significance to Rangitaane O Manawatu. It was used as a seasonal natural resource gathering area and was defended from invaders. Records exist of a battle close to Totara Reserve between Ngati Apa and Rangitaane O Manawatu (Buick 1903, McEwen 1986). There are a number of iwi with an interest in the Block (refer to the preceding section Mana Whenua). Following European settlement in the late 1860s, the bush was cleared and farms established. The land that now makes up Totara Scenic Reserve and Pohaninga Valley Domain Recreation Reserve was set aside for state forest purposes in 1886. State forest status was cancelled under section 23 of the 1946 Reserves and Other Lands Disposal (ROLD), and the land declared recreation reserve. In 1975, Section 80 (Totara Scenic Reserve) was separately defined by survey from Part Section 48 and its status changed from recreation to scenic. The land parcels that make up Pohangina Valley Domain Recreation Reserve were declared reserve at various times between 1946 and 1969 under the Reserves and Domains Act. Under the 1946 ROLD, control of Pohangina Valley Domain was given to Palmerston North City Council, appointed as the Domain Board. When Totara Scenic Reserve was gazetted in 1976, Palmerston North City Council was also appointed as the Totara Scenic Board. Following local government restructuring in 1989, Manawatu District Council began managing both reserves. Manawatu District Council was appointed to control and manage the reserves in place of Palmerston North City Council in 2005. The gravel pit was gazetted in 1891 and vested in the Pohangina Road Board in 1894. The land was vested in Manawatu District Council as the successor to the Road Board. The reserve is identified as a High Value Conservation Area (HVCA) by the Council and a Protected Natural Area (PNA) by the Department of Conservation and Council interest in Totara Reserve is due to the ecological significance and recreational importance of the area. The reserve is recognised as having regional significance. The Council has responsibility for flood protection, erosion control, animal and pest control management and biodiversity enhancement under the Local Government Act 2002 and its relevant amendments. The December 2011 vesting also gives the regional council the responsibility for the day to day management and administration of the reserve including recreational use under the Reserves Act 1977.
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Physical/Landscape Characteristics The reserve is in the Pohangina Valley at the foot of the Ruahine Ranges and is approximately 338 hectares ranging from river flats to hills up to 60 metres high. The main part of the reserve lies between Pohangina Valley East Road and the Pohangina River. The Pohangina River Valley is an outstanding natural feature. The river is considered to have a valuable trout fishery resource as well as a number of native fish species including bullies, kokupu, brown mudfish and eels. The reserve also provides a valuable food source for tui, fantails, wax eyes, moreporks, bellbirds, kingfishers and wood pigeons. Although in some parts of the reserve the original forest has been extensively modified or destroyed by milling, fire and wandering stock, it is considered the finest forest remnant in the Manawatu Ecological District (Manawatu Plains Ecological District – PNA Report – June 1995). The Fern Walk area used to be a major kahikatea forest but was decimated by a cyclone in 1936. The walk begins with a steep climb from the road up to a plateau where it levels out. It features a scattering of tawa, totara, rimu, pukatea and rata with kiekie, astelia, kowhai and beech trees prominent on the narrow spur linking the lowland with the high plateau. The reserve has high ecological and natural values and strong landscape character due to its location, native forest remnants, native flora and fauna, river setting, informal feel and naturalness.
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Four landscape character areas make up the area: 1. Mature native forest including the Fern Walk - this consists of the river flood plain and has kahikatea/pukatea swamp forest and totara-dominated mixed podocarp with some exotics. This area is used for formal and informal camping and picnicking. 2. River margins – mixed tawa/mahoe podocarp forest and mixed broadleaf forest with a limited track network. This area has walking tracks and river access routes. 3. Camping and picnicking. 4. Plantations. The reserve has a number of animal pests and invasive weeds. These include banana passion fruit (Passiflora molissima), wandering willy (Tradescantia fluminensis), old man’s beard (Clematis vitalba), possums, deer, mustelids, sulphur crested cockatoos, rodents and feral cats, and require control and management. The river is prone to flooding and in the recent past has been damaged by floods affecting the camping and picnic sites along the river flats.
Recreational Facilities, Amenities and Use The reserve has a camping ground; children’s play area, picnic and barbecue areas, Camp Rangi Woods (an outdoor recreation facility), nature walks and trails and the river. It is used by a wide range of visitors from Feilding and Palmerston North including school groups, scouts, guides and army platoons, as well as casual visitors. The reserve provides a variety of recreational opportunities including bush walks, camping, picnicking, wildlife observation, nature studies and water based activities such as swimming and fishing.
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2. Vision and Objectives
2.1 Vision
The vision for Totara Reserve is to: Protect ecological values of the podocarp forest and develop quality recreational facilities that are compatible with the scenic values of the reserve and are accessible to the community for their enjoyment and well-being.
2.2 Objectives
2.2.1 Natural and Cultural Resources
1. To prevent loss of, conserve and enhance indigenous biodiversity and ecosystems in recognition of the scenic values of Totara Reserve. 2. To identify, maintain and conserve cultural heritage sites on the reserve and interpret them for public enjoyment and education.
2.2.2 Recreation Resources
1. To provide a mix of complementary recreational and educational opportunities that is compatible with the conservation objectives of this asset management plan.
2.2.3 Management
1. To manage the reserve in line with its classification and community needs, integrating its ecological and amenity values with recreational use and development. 2. To create a cohesive and integrated reserve that provides facilities and amenities that enables the community to take advantage of the reserve’s natural, recreational and educational opportunities.
2.2.4 Development/Promotion
1. To actively promote the reserve as a local, district and regional natural, recreational and educational resource. 2. To develop the reserve in line with community aspirations to the extent possible within the resources available.
2.2.5 Stakeholders
1. To work with other agencies, iwi, including Rangitaane O Manawatu as having Statutory acknowledgement and deed recognition over the area, and the community to ensure integrated management of the reserve and to enhance recreational opportunities while protecting the natural, cultural and landscape features of the reserve.
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3. Reserve Resources
3.1 Natural Resources
POLICIES
3.1.1 Database
1. A register of natural features on Totara Reserve will be compiled and maintained as part of the Reserves Asset Management Plan (AMP) database and as part of the ongoing management of the reserve. EXPLANATION: Research programmes can be used in monitoring the natural ecosystems of the reserve for their ongoing management. Existing information should be reviewed and further studies undertaken on Totara Reserve to compile a database of native and exotic flora and fauna and other features of the reserve. This information should be included in the AMP. The AMP has identified some general plantings in the reserve but a comprehensive database is necessary to determine important natural features particularly plants and plantings, along with a condition assessment and maintenance programmes to keep them in a healthy state.
3.1.2 Identification, Protection, Restoration, Enhancement and Management of Indigenous Ecosystems
1. Indigenous biodiversity and ecosystems will be identified, maintained and enhanced to ensure the long-term sustainability of the reserve. 2. Existing animal pest and weed management plans will continue to be implemented and updated and the removal of animal pests and weed species prioritised. 3. Native revegetation plans for the reserve will be developed before revegetation programmes begin. EXPLANATION: There is a need to remove threats from wild animals and invasive weed species to protect any remaining indigenous flora and to ensure revegetation programmes are successful. Possum control programmes need to be put in place on Totara Reserve and land adjacent to the reserve. 4. Indigenous plants propagated from local sources within the Pohangina Valley District will be used in planting programmes where possible and when time permits.
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EXPLANATION: The Manawatu Region has very few areas of indigenous bush remaining. It is important to protect the existing gene pool and maintain, to the fullest extent possible, the purity of existing bush remnants in the Council’s reserves. 5. The reserve will be monitored for the impact of activities on native flora and fauna such as wandering stock, domestic animals, dumping garden waste and other uses arising from general activities on or adjacent to the reserves, and public awareness of the impacts will be raised . EXPLANATION: Habitats like those on the reserves support native flora and fauna. As land use, including recreational use of the reserve and adjacent areas increases, there is a need to raise public awareness of the sensitivities of natural areas and monitor these for any impacts that may arise. For example, domestic animals such as dogs and cats either brought onto the reserve or in adjacent settlements can impact on wildlife. 6. Emphasis will be placed on the control of banana passionfruit (Passiflora molissima), wandering willy (Tradescantia fluminensis), Old Man’s Beard (Clematis vitalba), and other invasive weeds. Possums and mustelids will also be targeted. 7. Fencing the perimeter of the reserve to prevent stock entering is a priority. EXPLANATION: There is a problem of wandering deer and sheep from adjacent properties – this should be addressed through fencing along the creek on the Ruahine Range side of the reserve. Horizons Regional Council has identified this reserve as a High Value Environmental Conservation Area and the reserve is included in the pest control programme. 8. The Council will explore ways of improving the ecological sustainability of the reserve by improving linkages with other forest remnants in the area, promoting animal pest and weed control programmes on adjacent land and encouraging native plantings on private land and along rivers and waterways. EXPLANATION: The ecological sustainability of the reserve could be improved by developing linkages with other forest remnants in the area and the Ruahine Ranges.
3.1.3 Landscape Features
1. The natural character and landscape features of Totara Reserve will be protected. EXPLANATION: Natural character includes all natural landforms and native bush and forest, rivers and streams at Totara Reserve. 2. Landscape enhancement, the design of new facilities and landscape development may be carried out provided it is in keeping with the character of the reserve.
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EXPLANATION: Totara Reserve has high ecological and natural values and strong landscape character due to its location, native forest remnants, native flora and fauna, river setting, exotic plantings, informal feel and naturalness and should be protected.
3.1.4 Protection and Enhancement of Waterways, Land Stability, River Management and Flood Mitigation
1. Modification to native flora and fauna, habitats and landforms by the construction of access routes and easements may be permitted for river management. 2. Assessment criteria to guide decision making on modifying the reserve for river management will be developed by Horizons Regional Council in consultation with the Department of Conservation. EXPLANATION: A shifting river channel, natural accretion and erosion is a normal part of the Pohangina River's behaviour and is the basis on which sensitive riparian habitats establish. Any river management, including emergency river management, must consider such habitats. Assessment criteria would be useful to guide decision making on any modification of the reserve for flood control. Policies in this asset management plan are in addition to requirements under the RMA 1991. 3. A level of flooding may be allowed to maintain the wetland character of areas but methods will be explored to prevent the re-infestation of aggressive weed species. EXPLANATION: All native flora and fauna, habitats and landforms are protected in the reserve. The river valleys of Totara Reserve are subject to frequent flooding. This not only poses a threat to visitors at Totara Reserve but also impacts on the natural ecosystem through erosion and bringing in noxious weeds. 4. Willows that do not spread vegetatively or through seed will be used for erosion control, however use of native species will continue to be investigated and incorporated into flood protection planting. EXPLANATION: Willow varieties that do not spread vegetatively or through seed will be used so that they do not spread and become a weed as crack willows have done in the past. This will allow a native under storey to be established. Generally the first 15 metres of the riparian margin will be planted in willows and appropriate native species to give the required buffer. Breaks in the band of vegetation up to 10 metres will be made for river access purposes. 5. Flood warning systems will be put in place for campers using the reserve.
3.1.5 Management of Exotics
1. Exotic trees at Totara Reserve will be replaced over the longer term unless they are required for flood control purposes.
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EXPLANATION: While exotics have become part of the landscape in the Region, their presence in Totara Reserve is anomalous to the indigenous character of this reserve. The development of native revegetation plans and animal pest and weed management plans would ensure that native plant and wildlife habitats are maintained and enhanced.
3.1.6 Damage to or Removal of Plant Material and Wildlife
1. Unauthorised damage to, or removal of, plant material or wildlife is prohibited. 2. Collection of native specimens, including fallen trees, may be authorised by the Minister of Conservation (delegated to the Department of Conservation) for essential management purposes, iwi cultural purposes or for approved scientific or educational study, which will contribute to the general knowledge available on the reserve (see also policy 1.2.2.3) Traditional Land Use) . 3. No felling or clearing of native vegetation within the lands classified Scenic Reserve will be permitted except with written consent from the Minister of Conservation (delegated to the Department of Conservation, Wellington Conservancy)2. 4. Felling or clearing of native vegetation within the Local Purpose Reserve (Landscape Protection and Plantation) will not be permitted unless the Council is satisfied that the felling or clearing is necessary for the proper management or maintenance of the reserve or to harvest trees planted for revenue producing purposes, for the management or preservation of other trees or bush, for the safety of persons on or near the reserve, or for the safety of property adjoining the reserve.
2 Refer to Section 42 of the Reserves Act 1977. The authority to fell or clear native trees has not been delegated to local authorities.
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POLICIES
3.1.7 Identification and Protection
1. The Council will identify, protect and conserve cultural heritage sites on the reserve. 2. The Council will consult with iwi and hapu on any activities that are likely to disturb or impact on sites of cultural significance. EXPLANATION: Cultural heritage sites may include archaeological sites, traditional sites, historic sites, buildings, objects and areas. Not all cultural heritage sites are known and knowledge of sensitive sites such as waahi tapu may have restricted access. There is little information available about the history and cultural use of the reserve. Further research will enable more effective interpretation and management of the reserve and conservation of cultural heritage sites. 3. Collection of native specimens for cultural purposes is to be referred to the Department of Conservation for authorization. 4. Where buildings or structures are found to have heritage significance, conservation and maintenance plans will be prepared prior to any major development or maintenance work being undertaken. EXPLANATION: Totara Reserve has associations with local iwi and hapu as well as connections with European history and settlement of the Region. 5. Further research will be undertaken on the historical and cultural significance of the reserve for conservation, interpretation, management, promotion and education purposes. 6. If any archaeological sites (including but not limited to oven stones, charcoal, shell middens, ditches, banks, pits, building foundations, artifacts of Maori and European origin or human burials) are uncovered during physical works in the reserve, the Council will require the contract manager to adopt the following protocol:
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Accidental Discovery Protocol
• Work shall cease immediately at that place. • The contractor must shut down all machinery, secure the area and advise the contract manager. • The contract manager shall notify the Central Region Archaeologist of the New Zealand Historic Places Trust and if necessary the appropriate consent process shall be initiated. • The contract manager shall notify appropriate iwi groups to determine what further actions are appropriate to safeguard the site or its contents: - Tanenuiarangi Manawatu Incorporated, iwi authority for Rangitaane o Manawatu - Te Rununga o Raukawa, iwi authority for Ngati Raukawa ki te Tonga - Ngati Apa - Aorangi - Kauwhata - Rangimarie - Te Iwa • If skeletal remains are uncovered the contract manager shall advise the Police. • Works on the site shall not resume until the New Zealand Historic Places Trust, the Police (if skeletal remains are involved) and appropriate iwi groups have each given the appropriate approval for work to continue.
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EXPLANATION: Under the Historic Places Act 1993, all archaeological sites (within the meaning of the Act) are afforded statutory protection. This applies to unrecorded archaeological sites that may be accidentally uncovered. If there is 'reasonable cause' to suspect an archaeological site may be modified, damaged or destroyed in the course of any activity, an archaeological authority is required from the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. An authority is required whether or not the land on which an archaeological site may be present is designated, or a resource or building consent has been granted, or the activity is permitted by a district or regional plan.
3.1.8 Traditional Land Use
1. Discussions will be held to establish whether there is any historic and cultural use of the reserve that needs to be taken into account in the future management of the reserve. 2. Mechanisms for managing Maori custodial rights on the reserve will be explored, where this affects reserve management and use. 3. Collection of native specimens for cultural purposes or specimens of rock mineral are to be referred to the Minister of Conservation for authorisation (delegated to the Department of Conservation), and the Council informed.
3.2 Recreational Resources/Use
POLICIES
3.2.1 Activities - General
1. The Council will promote and encourage maximum use and enjoyment of the reserve through a range of informal, low impact recreation, leisure and educational activities such as picnicking, walking, observing nature and camping. 2. More active pursuits such as mountain biking will be considered where these do not have an adverse affect on the environment or on other established recreational activities. These activities will be assessed for their impacts and addressed specifically in each situation. Explanation: Totara Reserve provides for a range of recreational opportunities. The most common activities are picnicking, walking, swimming, camping and observing plant, bird and animal habitats. These activities all have an impact on the reserve such as littering from visitors to the area and damage to natural areas by indiscriminate use of vehicles.
3.2.2 Access – Pedestrian and Vehicle
1. The public are generally permitted unrestricted foot access to the reserve at all times unless there is a notice to say otherwise for reasons such as animal pest control, weed spraying operations and special events. Restrictions will be in accordance with the Reserves Act 1977.
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2. Vehicle access may be prohibited between sunset and sunrise, for reserve security and visitor safety and will be controlled by gates. 3. Vehicle access within the reserves is confined to formed roads and parking areas and on designated unformed roads. 4. Vehicle access will be controlled to avoid impact on natural and cultural features, sensitive habitats and recreation activities. 5. Vehicle access points and roadways within the reserves will be clearly defined and conveniently located. 6. Trail bikes and other motorised off-road vehicles will be confined to formed roads and vehicle access routes and designated areas. 7. Motorised scooters for the elderly and disabled may be permitted on designated paths. 8. Special access arrangements may be made for events. Events involving the use of vehicles (motorised or otherwise) may be considered on application. Approval will be subject to an assessment of impacts/effects and the ability to mitigate any adverse effects. EXPLANATION: Access to the different facilities within the reserve needs to be clear to ensure effective traffic movement and assist visitor enjoyment.
3.2.3 Providing for Special Needs
1. Access to recreational opportunities and facilities will be provided in the reserve, as far as possible, for people with disabilities and other members of the community with special needs.
3.2.4 Dogs and Horses
1. Dogs are prohibited in Totara Reserve. 2. Horses are prohibited in the reserve except for special events and with the consent of the Biosecurity and Habitat Protection Manager. EXPLANATION: Totara Reserve has important stands of native bush and wildlife which can be damaged or destroyed by uncontrolled horses and dogs.
3.2.5 Camping, Campervans and Motorhomes
1. Camping, campervans and motorhomes will be permitted at the formal camping ground for a maximum period of three weeks. 2. Limited facility camping, campervans and motorhomes will be allowed in designated areas to accommodate overflow from the camping ground for a maximum of two weeks. 3. Campers, campervans and motorhomes are prohibited from providing their own latrines and long drops. Where toilets are not available chemical toilets must be used and emptied into local waste disposal points. 4. Caravans, tents, campervans and motorhomes shall remain clear of any tree, shrub, or protection screen around seedlings.
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5. Charges for camping will be as set out in the Annual Operational Plan and will be reviewed from time to time. 6. Camping, campervan and motorhome numbers may be restricted during periods of heavy use. EXPLANATION: Camping over busy periods requires a number of extra services including rubbish collection, personnel, toilet cleaning etc. A contribution to the cost of these services will be made through fees collected from campers.
3.2.6 Firearms and Hunting
1. The use of firearms is prohibited except for pest management purposes or special events authorised by the Council.
3.2.7 Rubbish
1. A general ‘take home’ policy for rubbish will be adopted. 2. Rubbish removal for events and organised activities will be the responsibility of the event organisers. 3. Litter on-site will be monitored and responded to accordingly. 4. Rubbish removal will be provided in the camping ground. EXPLANATION: A ‘take home’ litter policy will be promoted to encourage responsible litter management by day visitors to the reserve. While some backup is necessary to collect loose litter, this approach is more cost effective and avoids providing and maintaining rubbish bins. The ‘take home’ litter policy will be monitored as to its effectiveness. Provision will be made for rubbish removal from the camping area.
3.2.8 Fire
1. Open fires will only be permitted in purpose built fireplaces on the reserve at any time except when a fire ban is in place. 2. Portable gas barbecues will be permitted at any time. EXPLANATION: When the Council puts a fire ban in place no fires will be permitted. It is necessary to prohibit open fires including braziers because of the potential damage to the bush. The availability and cost of gas barbecues enables open air cooking with minimal risk of fire.
3.2.9 Recreation Monitoring
3. The impact from recreation activities will be regularly monitored to ensure there are no adverse effects on the reserve. 4. The Council may modify or stop activities that cause environmental degradation or nuisance including nuisance to adjoining properties.
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3.3 Facilities, Structures, Tracks and Trails
POLICIES
3.3.1 Facilities, Buildings and Structures
1. New buildings and facilities will be kept to a minimum, their design will reflect the reserve’s natural character and setting and will be appropriate to its classification, primary use and location. 2. Development of facilities will take into account both the current and projected level of use and visitor needs to ensure facilities are developed appropriately. 3. Facilities, tracks and trails will be reviewed to identify where provision can be made for people with special needs. 4. Development and Landscape Plans will be required for new facilities and will include an assessment of the effects of any new building, structure or facility on the reserve’s environment and its use. 5. A development plan will be established for any new areas added to Totara Reserve prior to any construction work or planting. 6. A lease agreement will be required for any reserve building not used by the Council. 7. Maintenance requirements for new facilities that are owned and operated by the Council will be incorporated into the Council’s Annual Plan.
3.3.2 Reserve Furniture
1. Reserve furniture design will be functional and visually appropriate to the reserve and its surroundings and will be consistent with reserve design guidelines. 2. Existing furniture e.g. seating, picnic tables, shelters, signs and information boards will be upgraded to meet new guidelines as necessary and as resources allow.
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3. Fences and barriers may be erected where appropriate for the control and management of the reserve and will be consistent with reserve design guidelines. 4. The design of new facilities and upgrading of existing facilities will take into account the requirements of people with special needs. EXPLANATION: Reserve facilities must be developed to ensure effective use and visitor enjoyment. Design should be appropriate to the character and use of a reserve and construction should be robust, aesthetically pleasing with low maintenance requirements. Lease agreements for buildings should set out maintenance standards etc.
3.3.3 Toilets
1. The organisers of large group events will supply portable toilet facilities where these are required to supplement permanent toilet facilities.
3.3.4 Road and Carpark Development
1. Roads and carparks will be defined to assist traffic flow and articulate appropriate use of the different activity areas. 2. The location and construction of carriageways, carparks and control barriers will be designed to ensure harmony with the landscape and ecologically sensitive areas.
3.3.5 Tracks, Paths and Boardwalks
1. Existing tracks will be graded according to the level of use and experience of track users (refer DoC Track Service and Standards). 2. Tracks, paths, boardwalks, lookouts and handrails will be maintained and their condition regularly assessed. 3. The design and construction of new tracks, paths and boardwalks will take into account the sensitivity of the environment, likely impacts from levels of use and people with special needs and be appropriate to the experience the visitor is seeking. 4. Entrances to tracks will be clearly defined from carparks and main access points e.g. Fern Walk. 5. When new activities on tracks are proposed, negative effects on the enjoyment and use of the tracks by other users will be considered and measures taken to avoid conflicting use. EXPLANATION: Different users of tracks may come into conflict from time to time e.g. mountain bikers and walkers. Such conflicting use may be overcome through education and making trail ethics explicit such as respect, tolerance and courtesy towards other track us wider than walking tracks, one-way in parts and designed to control speeds. In high use areas separate tracks may be constructed. Where use is shared an effective maintenance program appropriate to the type of track and its use is essential.
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4. Management
4.1 Administration
POLICIES
4.1.1 Lands Coming Under this Plan
1. All lands shown in the Reserve Land Title Plan in Appendix 1 and Schedule of Property Details in Appendix 2 come under the policies of this asset management plan including any accretion to these land parcels. EXPLANATION Accreted land at Totara Reserve arising from a shift in the Pohangina River will be treated as part of the reserve.
4.1.2 Renaming and Uniting of Reserve
1. The Council will approach the Minister of Conservation to have the land that makes up Totara Scenic Reserve along with lands that make up Pohangina Valley Domain Recreation Reserve and the former gravel reserve renamed ‘Totara Reserve Regional Park’ and united under that name (see Table 1 below). EXPLANATION The reserve is currently made up of Totara Scenic Reserve, Pohangina Valley Domain Recreation Reserve and the area known as the gravel pit. In order to clearly identify the reserve it is proposed to formally give it one name, which can then be used for information, location and emergency purposes etc: ‘Totara Reserve Regional Park’. A reserve can be renamed at the time of classification (s.16 (10)) or by a separate action at a later stage. While the renaming process is not essential to the reserve management planning process, the Council is taking this opportunity to consult with the commuity on renaming and uniting the reserve (seeTable 1 for details of current reserve names) . Table 1: Reserve Renaming
Current Reserve Names Identification
Totara Scenic Reserve Section 80, Blk VII Pohangina Survey District (PSD) Pt SO 30547, Gazette 1976 p.2501 Pohangina Domain Recreation Reserve Sections 76-79 SO 26556
Pohangina Valley Domain Recreation Pt Section 62 Blk VII PSD, SO 12884 Reserve Pohangina Valley Domain Recreation Section 61 Blk VII PSD, SO 12884 Reserve Pohangina Valley Domain Recreation Pt Section 65 Blk VII PSD, SO 12884 Reserve Pohangina Valley Domain Recreation Pt Section 48 Blk VII PSD, SO 12884 Reserve Gravel Pit Section 4A Blk V11 PSD
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4.1.3 Delegated Authorities
1. Horizons Regional Council is responsible for the day to day management and administration of the reserves including recreational use within the powers delegated under Sections 55, 56 and 61 of the Reserves Act 1977and is responsible for flood protection, erosion control, animal pest and weed control management and biodiversity enhancement under the Local Government Act 2002. EXPLANATION: Totara Reserve was vested in Horizons Regional Council in January 2012.
4.1.4 Bylaws
1. Manawatu District Bylaw Public Spaces, Animal Control, Fires and Traffic Safety will be applied in the management of the reserve. Further information on these bylaws can be obtained from Manawatu District Council.
4.1.5 Funding
1. Funding for maintenance programmes, on-going protection, development and enhancement programmes will be identified in Horizons Regional Council’s LTCCP and the Annual Plan. 2. All programmes will be prioritised and funded when resources or opportunities allow. 3. Alternative sources of funding (other than rates) and other means of implementing programmes will also be considered. EXPLANATION: Horizons Regional Council is responsible for maintaining reserve assets and funding capital works that are part of core reserve services. The levels of service are limited to the level of funding available through rates and other sources. However community aspirations are usually higher than the level of funding available and a number of projects are suitable for funding through community grants, sponsorship etc and/or can be advanced through volunteer and works scheme programmes. These projects add considerable value to the presentation of reserves. Such programmes also contribute to greater community ownership and pride in the reserve.
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4.1.6 Leases, Licences and Permits
1. Recreation groups and community organisations requiring exclusive use of Totara Reserve or part of the reserve will consult with the Biosecurity and Habitat Projection Manager and may be required to have an agreement. 2. A licence is required for any commercial activities. 3. A lease, licence, easement or permit is required for the occupation of any part of the reserve by a public utility. EXPLANATION: Totara Reserve, is available to the community at most times. However, there may be times when application is made for the reserve to be used for other purposes including commercial recreation activities, filming, weddings and events. The Council charges for the use of the reserves for activities, other than day to day recreational activities, as a contribution towards reserve management costs. Leases and licences are contractual agreements made between the Council and groups using facilities or land on reserve vested in the Council or on a reserve Council has been appointed to control and manage (sections 48,55,56 59A and 74 of the Reserves Act). The responsibilities of both the Council and the leasee or licensee will be clearly stated in the lease or licencee agreement. A clear statement of responsibilities ensures that the leasee or licencee knows exactly what the Council considers to be acceptable use of the reserve and associated facilities and appropriate behaviour on public land. 4. In conjunction with the Totara Advisory Group, the Council will investigate options for the management of Camp Rangi Woods, define the working relationship with management of Camp Rangi Woods and formalise a lease agreement.
4.1.7 Fees and Charges
1. Entry to the reserve is free. 2. Charges will be made for the following: • Use of reserve and facilities for regular or one-off events • Casual hire • Camping, campervans and motorhomes • Commercial activities, recreation operations and concessions • Rights of way, other easements, utilities and communication stations. 3. Charges may be made for the following: • Scientific research programmes carried out for commercial purposes • Use of the reserve for community events • Bookings for club and group activities • Weddings. 4. The Council will set its charges for use of the reserve and its facilities for events and functions and other activities in the reserve through the Annual Plan process, where issues of fairness and equity are given full consideration.
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EXPLANATION: The reserve is available to the community at most times. However, there may be times when the reserve is required for other purposes including commercial recreation activities, filming, weddings and events. The Council has authority under the Reserves Act to charge for the use of the reserve for activities other than day-to-day recreational activities as a contribution towards reserve management costs.
4.1.8 Utilities (Rights of Way, Other Easements and Communication Stations)
1. The placement of utilities and the establishment of rights of way, other easements or communication stations will generally not be allowed within the reserve unless exceptional circumstances3 apply. EXPLANATION: From time to time it may be necessary for rights of way, other easements or communication stations to be placed on, over or through the reserve. Should consent for such utilities be granted, they should be placed unobtrusively with minimal impact on the functioning and amenity values of the reserve. Under delegated authority, Council may consent to an activity on a reserve vested in it when the activity is provided for in a management plan, or the activity is an existing use and the effects are the same or similar to an existing one. If the activity is new or the reserve is vested in the Crown, consent of the Minister of Conservation is required. Section 48, 48A and 59A of the Reserves Act 1977 set out the types of rights of way, other easements or communication stations permitted on reserves and the processes required to be undertaken including the consent of the Minister. The policies in this plan are specific to the reserve and are additional to Reserves Act requirements. 2. With the prior consent of the administering body, network utility operators with existing works on the reserve will be permitted conditional access to the reserve to inspect, maintain, operate or carry out minor upgrade or replacement of these works subject to the provisions of the relevant empowering Acts and Regulations4. 3. The administering body will comply with national standards regulating safe separation distances between reserve activities and development and network utilities.
3 ‘exceptional circumstances’ allows for the placement of a utility on a reserve to be considered (rights of way, other easements or communication stations) when the reserve affords the only site available, all other sites or options are proven to be unsuitable and the utility is an essential service for wider community benefit. Impacts will be taken into account and the normal notification and consultation process would apply prior to making a decision for approval or otherwise. This does not preclude requirements under both the RMA resource consent process and delegated authority required by the Minister of Conservation. 4 Empowering Acts and Regulations are: The Electricity Act 1992, The Electricity Regulations 1997, NZECP 34:2001 New Zealand Electrical Code of Practice for Electrical Safe Distances and Electricty Engineers Association Safety manual – Electricity Industry.
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4.1.9 Sale of Liquor
1. The Council will develop guidelines for the sale and use of liquor on the reserve. EXPLANATION: The consumption, sale or supply of liquor in Totara Reserve has the potential to cause adverse effects (such as noise and public disorder) to reserve users, neighbours and other members of the public.
4.1.10 Caretaker
2. The role of the caretaker will be reviewed to establish appropriate levels of service and consider the best way of delivering caretaker services. EXPLANATION: The caretaker plays an important role in public safety, reserve security and public relations. The standard of service and means of delivery need to be assessed to ensure effective outcomes. 3. The provision of caretaker facilities will be reviewed once the need for caretaker positions has been assessed. EXPLANATION: The caretaker facilities at Totara Reserve are currently being used primarily for accommodation purposes. Following a review of the caretaker positions the facilities will be appraised and opportunities for alternative uses, such as visitor information centres, explored.
4.1.11 Character Areas
1. Landscape Character Areas will guide and control the use and development of the different component parts of the reserve. They will be based on the types of uses permitted in relation to the primary purpose and classification of each reserve area (refer Development/Improvement Plan). 2. Landscape character areas include: • Mature native forest including the Fern Walk • River margins • Camping and picnicking • Plantations.
4.1.12 Relationship with Other Reserves and Facilities
1. The Council will consider any development and use of the reserve and its facilities in the context of existing and proposed reserves and facilities in the District. 2. Future planning for Totara Reserve may also take into account opportunities in neighbouring areas and provision of services through commercial recreation groups.
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Explanation: There are reserves and facilities in the area where Totara Reserve is situated which are managed by other agencies and private landowners. Recognising the links between Totara Reserve, neighbouring properties and other recreational service providers will extend and complement development of Totara Reserve.
4.2 Maintenance
POLICIES
4.2.1 Maintenance of Facilities, Services and Amenity
1. Totara Reserve will be given high priority by the Council in its maintenance programme in recognition of its regional significance. EXPLANATION: The asset management plan provides policies on management, development and planning for the reserve and the Annual Operational Plan provides the operational details and should be in accordance with the plan.
4.3 Visitor Health and Safety
POLICIES
4.3.1 Sanitary
1. Appropriate sewage and grey-water disposal will be maintained at Totara Reserve with toilet and water facilities. They will be designed and sited to protect waterways and fisheries. 2. Toilets will be maintained to ensure there is no leachate into water-tables. 3. Toilet facilities will be provided in areas of the reserve where there is concentrated use and hygiene is likely to be an issue. EXPLANATION: Where there is high visitor use there is an increased risk both to the environment and visitor health and safety. The location, type and standards of toilets are important for protecting water quality and maintaining visitor health.
4.3.2 Water
1. The Council will provide potable drinking water. 2. River water will be monitored to ensure water quality standards are being met.
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EXPLANATION: There is a growing awareness of the risks of disease from drinking water contaminated by organisms such as giardia and cryptosporidium. With increasing visitor numbers, especially campers, there is an increased risk both to the environment and visitor health and safety. Water quality should therefore be monitored.
4.3.3 Hazards
1. The Council will identify natural and other hazards affecting Totara Reserve and take appropriate precautions to minimise risks through cordoning off hazardous areas and placing notices in appropriate places. 2. The Council will establish a flood warning system at the reserve, prepare a Flood Evacuation Plan and provide information to visitors to the reserve about threats of flood and hazards from floods in rivers. EXPLANATION: The formal camping ground is sited near the confluence of the Pohangina River and Makiekie (Coal) Creek and is subject to flooding including flash floods, which can pose a threat to campers and picnickers. 3. A Visitor Health and Safety Plan will be developed and will include identifying the types of conditions under which potential hazards are likely to arise and the checks required to be carried out to prevent and/or manage such conditions. EXPLANATION: A Visitor Health and Safety Plan identifies the appropriate means of dealing with any natural or other hazards that may occur on the reserve such as flooding of the Pohangina River or tree fall.
4.3.4 Pesticides and Hazardous Chemicals
1. The Council will provide for the safe use of pesticides and other chemicals used in its management operations. 2. The Council will minimise the use of hazardous chemicals in Totara Reserve by exploring more environmentally friendly alternatives. 3. Where hazardous chemicals are to be used consideration shall be given to the times for application and methods undertaken to ensure minimum risks to visitors to the reserve and neighboring properties. 4. Adequate warning signs and public notification shall be given prior to and during the period in which the hazardous chemicals are used.
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EXPLANATION While it may be necessary to use hazardous chemicals including pesticides for weed and animal pest control programmes they are a potential threat to the health of reserve users. Where applied the Council will minimise any potential risk to reserve users and neighbours. Hazardous chemicals will be applied in accordance with the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act. Any consent conditions imposed by the medical officer of health or his delegated officers will be adhered to.
4.3.5 Civil Defence
1. The Council will continue to assist and co-operate with search and rescue and other authorities having responsibilities for public health and safety. 2. The Council will co-operate in using reserve areas for civil defence purposes as may be required under some emergency situations.
4.3.6 Visitor Safety
1. The Council will address visitor safety by closing the reserve to vehicles from dusk to dawn as required, and will liaise with police about increasing police patrols in the reserve as necessary. 2. The Council will encourage wider use of the reserve by school groups, educational institutions and walking groups to raise the profile of the reserve. It will also encourage more community participation in weed control and planting programmes. This will maintain a public presence on the reserve. EXPLANATION: Visitor safety and vandalism are from time to time a problem. The proposed measures are aimed at improving the current situation. 3. The Council will continue to assist and co-operate with authorities having responsibilities for public health and safety. 4. A Visitor Health and Safety Plan will be developed and will identify situations that may require access for emergency services. Event organisers and other groups such as sports groups will be made aware of their responsibilities for maintaining access. EXPLANATION: Emergency services such as ambulances usually require access to a reserve to attend injuries or medical emergencies. A Visitor Health and Safety Plan will ensure access for emergency services are provided for.
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4.4 Promotion/Education
POLICIES
4.4.1 Marketing
1. A Marketing Strategy and reserve branding will be developed to promote Totara Reserve and its unique qualities. 2. Promotional material will be developed in conjunction with other interested agencies and parties. 3. The New Zealand Environmental Care Code (DoC website) that provides guidelines for visitors on protecting the natural environment will be promoted. 4. Camping, campervan and motorhome guidelines will be developed and included in relevant promotional material and on-site information. 5. Educational opportunities will be explored for Totara Reserve to be used and developed as an education resource for schools. 6. Promotional opportunities will be investigated for Totara Reserve to be used for heritage tours, events and other appropriate occasions which do not impact on the ecological and tranquil values of the reserve and its setting. EXPLANATION: Totara Reserve is not widely known, either locally or regionally, and priority should be given to promoting its natural, educational, scientific and recreational values.
4.4.2 Signs
1. Consistent signage will continue to be developed and installed throughout the reserve. 2. The use of signs will be kept to a minimum but will be consistent with the need to provide visitor information and interpretation about facilities and features of the reserve and to help promote public safety and enjoyment. 3. All entrances to Totara Reserve will be clearly marked and sign-posted.
4.4.3 Information and Interpretation
1. A record will be maintained of reserve resources, features, facilities and uses, and to record information as it becomes available. 2. Information on access, use, visitor facilities and opportunities, and natural and cultural resources will be progressively improved and extended as necessary. 3. On-site interpretation of the reserve’s natural, historic and amenity features will be developed over time as part of visitor information and development of the reserve as an education resource. 4. Use of the reserve as an education facility for schools, tertiary institutions and the general public will be encouraged. 5. On-site interpretation of natural and cultural resources and landscape features will be provided at appropriate locations in the reserve.
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6. Interpretative material will represent both European and Maori in interpretations of the features and values of the area. 7. Information centres will be developed (refer Development /Improvement Plans.
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5. Stakeholders
5.1 Statutory and Non Statutory Interest Groups and Communities
POLICIES
5.1.1 Iwi and Hapu
1. The Council will give effect to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi in the management of Totara Reserve (refer section headed Treaty of Waitangi for these principles). 2. Iwi and hapu who have an interest in the area covered by the reserve (see earlier section ‘Mana Whenua’) and issues or concerns raised taken into account by the Council where activities are likely to disturb or impact sites of cultural significance on the reserve where major developments are proposed. 3. The Council will recognise and provide for the relationship of Maori and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water, sites, waahi tapu and other taonga, in the management of the reserve. EXPLANATION: The types of activities where consultation may be required include: development of animal pest and weed eradication plans and native revegetation plans; fencing; sewage disposal; toilet facilities; identification, research and protection of cultural heritage sites; information, interpretation, signage, development of bylaws, grants of occupation rights and changes to management plans.
5.1.2 Other Agencies
1. Horizons Regional Council will liaise where appropriate with other land administering agencies on matters affecting Totara Reserve. • The Manawatu District Council relating to relevant bylaws and the Local Purpose Reserve • Department of Conservation; - To enhance biodiversity and biosecurity programs - Legislative matters related to vesting - Enhanced recreational opportunity.
5.1.3 Delegated Authorities
1. The reserve will be managed by Horizons Regional Council and within the powers delegated under Sections 55, 56 and 61 of the Reserves Act 1977, and as they pertain to the Scenic and Local Purpose classification of the reserve.
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EXPLANATION: The Regional Council will work alongside other territorial authorities, DoC and other government and non-government agencies such as Royal NZ Forest and Bird Protection Society Inc and clubs, to avoid unnecessary duplication of recreation opportunities, spread impacts on the environment and increase recreational opportunities.
5.1.4 Public Participation
1. The Council will encourage public participation in the planning, management and development of Totara Reserve. 2. The Council will consult with the public and affected parties when major works are proposed in the reserve that differs from those identified in the Development/Improvement Plan. 3. Where public programmes are in place the Council will establish agreements identifying roles and responsibilities to support effective management and development of such programmes. 4. Community groups will be encouraged to access funding and other support from sources outside of the Council in the development of recreational facilities and other reserve activities e.g. planting programmes. 5. Local community groups will be encouraged to act as reserve watchdogs to protect the reserves and to guard public safety. EXPLANATION: Community support is integral to the successful management of the reserve. The Council needs to identify the level of maintenance and development it is responsible for and also areas where the community can be encouraged to take responsibility.
5.1.5 Adjacent Land Owners
1. The Council will work with private landowners to maintain stock-proof fencing on reserve boundaries and other issues of common interest such as animal pest and weed control programmes. 2. The nature and proximity of neighboring properties will be taken into account when the location of parking areas, entrances and facilities is being determined. EXPLANATION: The effectiveness of reserve management programmes, including pest management, stock control, recreational impact, emergency management, and trespass issues require a co-operative working relationship between the Council and adjacent landowners.
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6. Development
6.1 Introduction
The Totara Reserve Development/Improvement Plan establishes a clear vision, creates cohesion and integrates the different landscape character areas within the reserve. It also looks to provide appropriate levels of services and facilities. The plan is made up of development (which relates to new capital works) and improvements (which is about upgrading existing facilities and/or programmes that seek to improve the amenity values of the reserve over a period of time. Refer to the Development/Improvement Plan on the following page5. The Development/Improvement Plan takes into account the vision and objectives for the reserve and the landscape character areas identified on page 9. The plan addresses issues such as access, provision of services such as toilets and camping grounds, protection and enhancement of natural heritage features, and the provision of and upgrading of buildings and structures. The plan provides a blueprint for the development and improvement of the reserve over a period of time and can be implemented through a range of mechanisms as opportunities and resources allow. While there is no requirement on the Council or interested community groups to implement the plan it enables them to look to the future and to assess priorities for the development and improvement of the reserve.
6.2 Aims
1. Maintaining open river beaches and river flats where there is public access. 2. Protecting river banks and diversifying riverbank vegetation with appropriate native plantings. 3. Managing and increasing native forest. 4. Strengthening forest edges with native vegetation. 5. Increasing indigenous biodiversity. 6. Working with Manawatu District Council to: - manage the southern section of exotic plantations for staged timber production and replanting, after felling, with native tree species for timber and habitat - manage the northern section of native plantations for integrated timber, habitat and public access. 7. Monitoring and controlling plant and animal pests. 8. Creating sheltered picnicking and camping compartments of varying sizes within existing grass areas. 9. Upgrading visitor facilities, improving landscape furniture and controlling vehicles to improve the experience and enjoyment of visitors while maintaining the ecological, landscape and natural values of the reserve.
5 Refer also to Appendix 3, Flood Damage Restoration/Enhancement Concept for the northern area of the reserve, and BBQ Shelter Construction Details.
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6.3 Totara Reserve Regional Park Development Plan
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POLICIES
6.4 Implementing the Development/Improvement Plan
1. The Development/Improvement Plan will be the basis on which future development and improvements to the reserve will occur. 2. The design criteria will be the basis for future detailed works. 3. Design guides will be prepared for all landscape construction elements and landscape furniture including new tracks, paths, boardwalks, fences, traffic barriers, signs, information, seats, shelters, barbecues, bins and other furniture and will be completed before any development occurs.
6.5 Design Criteria for Totara Reserve Regional Park
6.5.1 Mature Native Forest
• Strengthen forest edge next to tracks and paths, grassland, roads and stream banks with native pioneer forest edge species • Replace areas of exotic edge with native pioneer forest edge • Monitor and control possums, stoats and rats • Monitor native bird populations • Control invasive edge pest plant species especially wandering willy (Tradescantia fluminensis), Old Man’s Beard (Clematis vitalba) and banana passionfruit (Passiflora molissima) • Continue to revegetate as mixed native forest open land near Highland Home Camp which has been retired from grazing • Identify primary and secondary entrances with appropriate signage and information
6.5.2 River Margins
• Maintain river beaches, river margins and open river flats where there is public access • Diversify present willow riverbank protection planting by interplanting and underplanting with shallow rooting wetland natives and establishing moisture loving native shrubs/trees behind the willow belts.
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COMMENT: Interplanting willow riverbank protection with native species along riverbanks will increase biodiversity. It will also improve shelter for picnicking and camping. Planting will also define access to the open river beaches, margins and flats for picnickers, campers and other reserve visitors and for recreational activities on the river such as swimming and kayaking.
6.5.3 Camping and Picnicking
• Create a range of sheltered picnic and camping compartments within a framework planting of native shrubs and trees COMMENT: It is important to create recreational spaces at a range of scales from niche areas for small groups to large open spaces for camping and large group activities. • Define river access points for picnickers and campers • Upgrade fences, traffic barriers, signs, information, seating, barbecues, bins and other landscape furniture • Develop barbecue shelters with barbecue facilities and work benches • Locate barbecues where they can be easily accessed by more than one group or individual at a time • Control vehicles and protect vulnerable areas of grass from damage by vehicles by using bollards, boulders and barriers • Maintain vehicle tracks COMMENT: Internal access tracks, surfaced in crushed and compacted metal and aligned to provide maximum picnic, camping and recreational spaces at a range of scales, will define a route through the reserve. Access to picnic and camping areas can be over grassed open spaces rather than formed tracks. Gravel bought into the reserve for the surfacing of tracks should be checked to ensure it does not contain invasive weed species.
6.5.4 Plantations
• Create native shrub and tree edges to plantations and access routes to replace exotic shrubs and grass/weed species • Southern section (Local Purpose Reserve - Double Gate Plantation): - Manage exotic eucalypts and blackwood wattles for staged timber production - Replace exotic trees after felling with totara and other native species for combined timber and habitat. • Northern section (Scenic Reserve area north of Double Gate Plantation): - Retain mature native trees for nest sites and habitat diversity - Diversify age structure by planting young podocarps - Diversify canopy by planting broadleaf canopy and sub-canopy species.
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COMMENT: The long term objective of the plantation is mixed native plantation and integrated forestry, recreation and conservation. While management and administration of these Local Purpose Reserves lies with Manawatu District Council, it is important that the Regional Council liaises with the District Council as their management impacts on Totara Reserve.
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7. Glossary
Amenity Planting Plan: defines planting areas, establishes planting themes appropriate to the character and purpose of a reserve, specifies species location and species type with the specific purpose of creating attractive plant groupings using either native or exotic plant species or a mixture of both. Amenity values: those natural or physical qualities and characteristics of an area that contribute to people’s appreciation of its pleasantness, aesthetic coherence, and cultural and recreational attributes (Resource Management Act 1991). Archaeological site: any place, including shipwrecks, which was associated with human activity that occurred before 1900 AD, and which through investigation by archaeological techniques may provide scientific, cultural, or historical evidence ‘on’ (or ‘about’) the exploration, occupation, settlement, or development of New Zealand (Historic Places Act 1993). Biodiversity: is short for ‘biological diversity’ and describes the variety and diversity of species on land, in fresh water and in the sea, including the places or ecosystems where they live and the genes they contain. When we talk about biodiversity we generally think about New Zealand’s distinctive species and ecosystems. Campervan and motorhomes: motor vehicles which provide mobile accommodation for up to six people and have certified self-contained toilet and waste water storage facilities and are not longer than 5.5 metres or weighing more than 2,500 kg. Cultural heritage sites: include archaeological sites, traditional sites, historic sites, buildings, objects and areas and/or historic or commemorative trees. Cultural resources: include cultural heritage sites, traditional sites, and waahi tapu sites. Eco-sourced species: species or genetic variants of native plants found in their natural state. Environment: includes – a) ecosystems and their constituent parts, including people and communities; and b) all natural and physical resources; and c) amenity values; and d) the social, economic, aesthetic, and cultural conditions which affect the conditions stated in paragraphs (a) to (c) (Resource Management Act 1991). Flood Channel Zone: area identified in the Manawatu District Plan where the risk from flooding means that land use and buildings need special management. Hapu: sub-tribe. (Waitangi Tribunal Report [Wai27] 1991). Indigenous: species or genetic variants found naturally in New Zealand. Iwi: tribe, people (Waitangi Tribunal Report [Wai27] 1991). Landscape features: include clearly distinct physical features that are a component part of a reserve e.g. stream, hill, cliff face etc. Mana Whenua: customary authority exercised by an iwi or hapu in an identified area (RMA 1991).
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Glossary
Natural features: include features on a reserve that are part of nature and may include individual plant or tree specimens and ecosystems that by their nature require special care and attention for their preservation. Natural resources: include plants and animals and their habitats, landscape and landforms, geological features, and systems of interacting living organisms, and their environment (Conservation Act 1987). Pest and Weed Control Plan: plan or programme to control wild animals that damage the natural environment including goats, rabbits, hares, wild cats and dogs, noxious plants as identified under the Noxious Plants Act 1978, s 4, and invasive weeds that are threatening the ecological health or amenity planting of an area. Rohe of Rangitaane: Extends from the southern bank of the mouth of the Rangitikei River, inland to Orangipango near Ohingaiti, to Te Hekenga, follows the summit ridgeline along the Ruahine and Tararua Ranges to Taramea Trig, westward to the mouth of the Manawatu River and northwards to the mouth of the Rangitikei River. Self-contained camping: includes caravaners and tenters that provide their own sewage disposal (chemical toilets), rubbish disposal and drinking water. Traditional site: a place or site that is important by reason of its historical significance or spiritual or emotional associations with Maori. Visitor Health and Safety Plan: identifies situations where reserve visitors health or safety may be compromised and where access for emergency services may be required. The plan also identifies areas where event organisers need to be aware of responsibilities towards such matters. Waahi tapu: sacred place (Waitangi Tribunal Report [Wai27] 1991); a place sacred to Maori in the traditional, spiritual, religious, ritual, or mythological sense (Historic Places Act 1993). Waterways: include rivers, streams and storm-water courses. Wildlife habitat: the environment in which a group of animal species live.
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8. Bibliography
Buick T.L., 1903: Old Manawatu, Palmerston North. Department of Conservation, June 1995: Manawatu Plains Ecological District – PNA – Report. Downes T. W., 1990: “Early history of Rangitikei, and notes on the Ngati Apa tribe” From Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, Vol. XLII, 1909, Government Print, Wellington. Feilding Borough Council, 1983: Schedule of Reserves. Frean, Jessica and Ravine, Don - 1986: An archaeological and historical survey of the Pohangina River Valley, Manawatu, New Zealand. Manawatu Museum, Palmerston North. Greenwood R.M., 1949: “Totara Reserve” in Bulletin of the Wellington Botanical Society No. 21 August 1949 pp 2-7. Haunui Heritage Trails: Valley Trail, [Manawatu District]. Heads of Agreement between the Crown and Rangitaane o Manawatu: www.executive.govt.nz/96-99/minister/graham/rangitaane. Holcroft M.H. 1972: The Line of the Road, John McIndoe Ltd. Dunedin. Local Government New Zealand/Department of Conservation, 1999: Reserves Act Guide. McEwen J.M., 1986: Rangitaane A Tribal History Reed, Methuen, Auckland. Stewart John Tiffen, 1859: Ahuaturanga or Upper Manawatu and Oroua Blocks of Land [Plan], Native Land Purchase Department (Copy of SO Plan 10603 (Roll Plan 418) 7 December 1970).
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9. Appendices
9.1 Totara Reserve Regional Park Land Title Plan
9.2 Schedule of Property Details
9.3 Gazette Notices for Reserve Vesting and classification
9.4 ICOMOS New Zealand: Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Heritage Value
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9.1 Totara Reserve Regional Park Land Title Plan
500
1386035001 1386055900 1386055900 1386035100
1386055900 Secs 76-79 SO 26556 1386055900 1386035103 1386036000 0.3566 ha Pt Sec 62 1386036000 1386036000
Blk VII Pohangina 1386036000 1386036000 Survey District1386055900 1386056000SO 12884 1386036000 36.4659 ha
1386055900 1386055900
13860343 1386055900
1386055900 1386034900 1386036101 1386056100 1386034500 1386034700
1386034400 1386055900 1386034600
1386055900
1386056100 1386034501 1386034800 Pt Sec 4A Blk VII
1386055900 Pohangina Survey 1386036000 1386034500 District 1386055900 1.2682 ha
1386036000 1386034300 1386036000 (gravel pit)
386055900 1386036102
1386055900 1386036000
1386034502
Pt Sec 48 Blk VII Pohangina1386036100 Survey District 1386036100 130.5169 ha
1386056501
1386036000 1386036100 Sec 65 Blk VII Pohangina Survey District 1386036200
6.4750 ha 1386034502
1386056500
1386036000
Sec 80 Blk1386036000 VII Pohangina 1386056900Pt Sec 48 Survey District SO 30547 1386035700 401 Blk VII 900 129.6296 ha Pohangina 1386036000 Survey
1386056900District
1386035901
Pt Sec 11 Blk XI Pohangina 1386035900 1386056900 1386036000 Survey District SO 11924 1386056900 6.4175 ha
1386036400 1386036400
1386036400 Key:
Key Scen Scenic A Reserve vested in Loca Horizons Regional Council (Lan Local Purpose Reserve and (Landscape Protection and Plantation). Controlled and managed by Manawatu District Council
9.2 Schedule of Property Details that make up Totara Reserve Regional Park
Certificate Vested/ Legal Description Area (ha) Classification of Title Gazetted
Scenic 23 Dec 2011 Section 80 s.19(1)(a) Blk VII Pohangina NZ Gazette None 129.6296 (NZ Gazette Survey District 19/01/2012 Pt SO 30547 02/09/2010 No.3 p.89 No.13 p.3042
Scenic 23 Dec 2011 s.19(1)(a) Section 61 Blk VII NZ Gazette Pohangina Survey None 27.1139 (NZ Gazette 19/01/2012 District 02/09/2010 No.3 p.89 No.13 p.3042
Scenic 23 Dec 2011 s.19(1)(a) Section 65 Blk VII NZ Gazette Pohangina Survey None 6.4750 (NZ Gazette 19/01/2012 District 02/09/2010 No.3 p.89 No.13 p.3042
Scenic 23 Dec 2011 s.19(1)(a) Sections 76-79 SO NZ Gazette None 0.3566 (NZ Gazette 26556 19/01/2012 02/09/2010 No.3 p.89 No.13 p.3042
Scenic 23 Dec 2011 s.19(1)(a) Pt Section 48 Blk NZ Gazette VII Pohangina None 130.5169 (NZ Gazette 19/01/2012 Survey District 02/09/2010 No.3 p.89 No.13 p.3042
Scenic 23 Dec 2011 s.19(1)(a) Pt Section 62 Blk NZ Gazette None 36.4659 (NZ Gazette VII PSD SO 12884 19/01/2012 02/09/2010 No.3 p.89 No.13 p.3042
Scenic 23 Dec 2011 s.19(1)(a) Pt Section 4A Blk NZ Gazette VII Pohangina None 1.2682 (NZ Gazette 19/01/2012 Survey District 02/09/2010 No.3 p.89 No.13 p.3042
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9.3 Gazette Notices for Reserve Vesting and classification
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ICOMOS NEW ZEALAND Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Heritage Value
Preamble New Zealand retains a unique assemblage of places of cultural heritage value relating to its indigenous and its more recent peoples. These areas, landscapes and features, buildings, structures and gardens, archaeological and traditional sites, and sacred places and monuments are treasures of distinctive value. New Zealand shares a general responsibility with the rest of humanity to safeguard its cultural heritage for present and future generations. More specifically, New Zealand peoples have particular ways of perceiving, conserving and relating to their cultural heritage. Following the spirit of the International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (the Venice Charter 1966), this charter sets our principles to guide the conservation of places of cultural heritage value in New Zealand. It is intended as a frame of reference for all those who, as owners, territorial authorities, tradespersons or professionals, are involved in the different aspects of such work. It aims to provide guidelines for community leaders, organisations and individuals concerned with conservation issues. It is a statement of professional practice for members of ICOMOS New Zealand. Each section of the charter should be read in the light of all the others. Definitions of terms used are provided in section 22. Accordingly this charter has been adopted by the New Zealand National Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites at its Annual General Meeting on 4 October 1992.
1. The Purpose of Conservation
The purpose of conservation is to care for places of cultural heritage value, their structures, materials and cultural meaning. In general, such places:
i. have lasting values and can be appreciated in their own right; ii. teach us about the past and the culture of those who came before us; iii. provide the context for community identity whereby people relate to the land and to those who have gone before; iv. provide variety and contrast in the modern world and a measure against which we can compare the achievements of today; and v. provide visible evidence of the continuity between past, present and future.
2. Indigenous Cultural Heritage
The indigenous heritage of Maori and Moriori relates to family, local and tribal groups and associations. It is inseparable from identity and well-being and has particular cultural meanings. The Treaty of Waitangi is the historical basis for indigenous guardianship. It recognises the indigenous people as exercising responsibility for their treasures, monuments and sacred places. This interest extends beyond current legal ownership wherever such heritage exists. Particular knowledge of heritage values is entrusted to chosen guardians. The conservation of places of indigenous cultural heritage value therefore is conditional on decisions made in the indigenous community, and should proceed only in this context. Indigenous conservation precepts are fluid and take account of the continuity of life and the needs of the present as well as the responsibilities of guardianship and association with those who have gone before. In particular, protocols of access, authority and ritual are handled at a local level. General principles of ethics and social respect affirm that such protocols should be observed.
3. Conservation Practice
Appropriate conservation professionals should be involved in all aspects of conservation work. Indigenous methodologies should be applied as appropriate and may vary from place to place. Conservation results should be in keeping with their cultural content. All necessary consents and permits should be obtained. Conservation projects should include the following:
i. definition of the cultural heritage value of the place,which requires prior researching of any documentary and oral history, a detailed examination of the place, and the recording of its physical condition; ii. community consultation, continuing throughout a project as appropriate; iii. preparation of a plan which meets the conservation principles of this charter; iv. the implementation of any planned work; and v. the documentation of any research, recording and conservation work, as it proceeds.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
4. Conservation Method Conservation should:
i. make use of all relevant conservation values, knowledge, disciplines, arts and crafts; ii. show the greatest respect for, and involve the least possible loss of, material of cultural heritage value; iii. involve the least degree of intervention consistent with long term care and the principles of this charter; iv. take into account the needs, abilities and resources of the particular communities; and v. be fully documented and recorded.
5. Respect for existing evidence
The evidence of time and the contributions of all periods should be respected in conservation. The material of a particular period may be obscured or removed if assessment shows that this would not diminish the cultural heritage value of the place. In these circumstances such material should be documented before it is obscured or removed.
6. Setting
The historical setting of a place should be conserved with the place itself. If the historical setting non longer exists, construction of a setting based on physical and documentary evidence should be the aim. The extent of the appropriate setting may be affected by constraints other than heritage value.
7. Risk Mitigation
All places of cultural heritage value should be assessed as to their potential risk from any natural process or event. Where a significant risk is determined, appropriate action to minimise the risk should be undertaken. Where appropriate, a risk mitigation plan should be prepared.
8. Relocation The site of an historic structure is usually an integral part of its cultural heritage value. Relocation, however, can be a legitimate part of the conservation process where assessment shows that:
i. the site is not of associated value (an exceptional circumstance); or ii. relocation is the only means of saving the structure; or iii. relocation provides continuity of cultural heritage value.
A new site should provide a setting compatible with cultural heritage value.
9. Invasive Investigation
Invasive investigation of a place can provide knowledge that is not likely to be gained from any other source. Archaeological or structural investigation can be justified where such evidence is about to be lost, or where knowledge may be significantly extended, or where it is necessary to establish the existence of material of cultural heritage value, or where it is necessary for conservation work. The examination should be carried out according to accepted scientific standards. Such investigation should leave the maximum amount of material undisturbed for study by future generations.
10. Contents
Where the contents of a place contribute to its cultural heritage value, they should be regarded as an integral part of the place and be conserved with it.
11. Works of Art and Special Fabric
Carving, painting, weaving, stained glass and other arts associated with a place should be considered integral with a place. Where it is necessary to carry out maintenance and repair of any such material, specialist conservation advice appropriate to the material should be sought.
12. Records
Records of the research and conservation of places of cultural heritage value should be placed in an appropriate archive. Some knowledge of place of indigenous heritage value is not a matter of public record, but is entrusted to guardians within the indigenous community.
CONSERVATION PROCESSES 13. Degrees of Intervention
Conservation may involve, in increasing extent of intervention: non-intervention, maintenance, stabilisation, repair, restoration, reconstruction or adaptation. Where appropriate, conservation processes may be applied to parts or components of a structure or site. Re-creation, meaning the conjectural reconstruction of a place, and replication, meaning to make a copy of an existing place, are outside the scope of this charter.
14. Non-intervention
In some circumstances, assessment may show that any intervention is undesirable. In particular, undisturbed constancy of spiritual association may be more important than the physical aspects of some places of indigenous heritage value.
15. Maintenance
A place of cultural heritage value should be maintained regularly and according to a plan, except in circumstances where it may be appropriate for places to remain without intervention.
16. Stabilisation
Places of cultural heritage value should be protected from processes of decay, except where decay is appropriate to their value. Although deterioration cannot be totally prevented, it should be slowed by providing stabilisation or support.
17. Repair
Repair of material or of a site should be with original or similar materials. Repair of a technically higher standard than the original workmanship or materials may be justified where the life expectancy of the site or material is increased, the new material is compatible with the old and the cultural heritage value is not diminished. New material should be identifiable.
18. Restoration
Restoration should be based on respect for existing material and on the logical interpretation of all available evidence, so that the place is consistent with its earlier form and meaning. It should only be carried out if the cultural heritage value of the place is recovered or revealed by the process. The restoration process typically involves reassembly and reinstatement and may involve the removal of accretions. 19. Reconstruction
Reconstruction is distinguished from restoration by the introduction of additional materials where loss has occurred. Reconstruction may be appropriate if it is essential to the function or understanding of a place, if sufficient physical and documentary evidence exists to minimise conjecture, and if surviving heritage valued are preserved. Reconstruction should not normally constitute the majority of a place. Generalised representations of typical features or structures should be avoided.
20. Adaptation
The conservation of a place of cultural heritage value is usually facilitated by it serving a socially, culturally or economically useful purpose. In some cases, alterations and additions may be acceptable where they are essential to continued use, or where they are culturally desirable, or where the conservation of the place cannot otherwise be achieved. Any change, however, should be the minimum necessary and should not detract from the cultural heritage value of the place. Any conditions and alterations should be compatible with original fabric but should be sufficiently distinct that they can be read as new work.
21. Interpretation
Interpretation of a place may be appropriate if enhancement of public understanding is required. Relevant protocol should be complied with. Any interpretation should not compromise the values, appearance, structure or materials of a place, or intrude upon the experience of the place.
22. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this charter:
o adaptation means modifying a place to suit it to a compatible use, involving the least possible loss of cultural heritage value o conservation means the processes of caring for a place so as to safeguard its cultural heritage value o cultural heritage value means possessing historical, archaeological, architectural, technological, aesthetic, scientific, spiritual, social, traditional or other special cultural significance, associated with human activity o maintenance means the protective care of a place o material means physical matter which is the product of human activity or has been modified by human activity o place means any land, including land covered by water, and the airspace forming the spatial context to such land, including any landscape, traditional site or sacred place, and anything fixed to the land including any archaeological site, garden, building or structure, and any body of water, whether fresh or seawater, that forms part of the historical and cultural heritage of New Zealand o preservation means maintaining a place with as little change as possible o reassembly (anastylosis) means putting existing but dismembered parts back together o reconstruction means to build again in the original form using old or new material o reinstatement means putting components of earlier material back in position o repair means making good decayed or damaged material o restoration means returning a place as nearly as possible to a known earlier state by reassembly, reinstatement and/or the removal of extraneous additions o stabilisation means the arrest of the processes of decay o structure means any building, equipment, device or other facility made by people and which is fixed to the land.