Plant fossils from Dubrajpur Formation, Bihar and their significance in stratigraphy

Ja;'Jsri Banerji

Banerji. Jayasri 1990. I'lanl fossils frllm J)ubralPur Form:llion. Bihar and their significance in stratigrap!l\'

11/: J11I1. K. 1'. &. Ti\yari, R. ~.(cds)-I'roc. S)'IlIjJ. ·1·i.,las il/ I/ldiall l>aICla/(,l

-n1e paper deab \\'ilh the plant fossils of J)ubrajpur Formation exp()~edat Khatangi Hill in the Raim:lhal Basin.

Bihar 11lC assemhlage is dllmin;lled Iw (\·cacloplwleo. lhllug!l pleridllp!l\'les are quile frequent. Cllnifers :Ire poorl~' represented. llH.: genera UllychiojJsis, Clem·s. Taelliupleris and I'agiuphyllll!ll art' recllrded for the first time. In \'iew of the presel1l finding the age llf th" Khatangi scdimen!' is discussed. The dominance of (Ycldllpll\leS and pllor repre,entati()[l of cllnifers inclicale subtropical to tmpical climate pre\'ailing :It thal lime.

Key-words-I\\egafossih. Pteridop!l\les. C\·cadophqes. Conifers. J)uhr'ljpur l'urmation. L'pper Jurassic (India 1.

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OLDHAl'vl (1863 in: Oldham & Morris, 1963) first Ptilophyll1l1l1 aClltijolium, Nilssonia princeps, recognised Dubrajpur beds as a distinct horizon and Macrolaeniopleris lata and Williamsonia sp. of early named it after the \'iJlage Dubrajpur in the Rajm3hal Middle Jurassic age. Sen Gupta (1984, 1985) carried Hills. Ball (1877) mapped this area and reported out e\.'tensive work on Khatangi Hill section as well Ptilophyllllm fronds from Dubrajpur beds. Later, as the designated type section of Dubrajpur Sri vasta va (19<>8), Sah ( 196<» and Sen Gupta ( 1988) Formation at Sarwan Pahar near Dubrajpur Village. recorded various fossil assemblages from Dubrajpur According to him, basal zone-A of Sah and Shah Forrnation exposed at Khatangi Hill near Kharikasol (1974), i.e., Glossopteris- Vertebraria assemblage, Village, Rajmahal Hills, Bihar (see Table 1) and belongs to the Barakar Formation and the upper proposed \'arious ages for the Ptilophyllllm-bearing 7.one-B comprising Ptilophyl!um-Gleichenites beds of Dubrajpur Formation assemblage belongs to Dubrajpur Formation (Lower Sah and Shah (1974) made twO biozones within Jurassic). Sukh-Dev (1988) assessed an Early Dubrajpu'r Formation The basal zone-A, comprising Cretaceous age for the latter assemblage. Tiwari et Glossopleris communis, G. ampla, G. retlJera, G al (1983) rccogni zed six paJynoassemblage zones parallela and Vertebraria indica of Upper Permian from the subsurface sequence of Dubrajpur affinity and the upper zone-B consisting of Formation as well as Intenrappean beds. They dated NJarattiopsis macrocalpa, Gleicheniles gleichenoides, palynoassembl3ge zones A·C as Carnian-Norian, and

l22 l3ANER.lI-I'l.AJ\lT FOSSIlS FI~OMDU13RA.lPliR FORI"lATlON 123

zones D-F as Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous, Singh Cleichenites gleichenoides (Oldham & Morris) and Venkatachala (1988) reassigned zones D-F to be Seward & Sahni 1920 Early Cretaceous. Genus- Culcitites Appert 1973 The present investigations are based on plant fossils collected from Khatangi Hill. These plant Culcitites madagascariensis Appert 1973< remains are preserved as impressions on greyish­ 196=; ?ThinnJeldia sp., Sah, p 219, pI. 1, fig. 3. white shales. All the specimens have been deposited 1965 jlJicrophJilopteris sp., Sah, p 219, pL 1, fig. 5. at the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanv ivluseum. 1988 ThirlnJeldia kbatangiensis, Sen Gupta, p. 75, pL 12, fjg. 32; pI. 15, fig. 40; text-fig. 17 (for details DESCRIPTION see Banerji, 1988)

Filicales Unclassified ferns

Genus- Gleichenites Goeppert 1836 Genus- Onychtopsts Yokoyama 1889 Cleichenites gleichenoides (Oldhan, & l'vlorris") Onycbiopsis Sp. Seward & Sahni 1920 PI 1, figs 2, 3; Text-fig. JA PI. 1, fig. 1 Descnption-Fronds probably tripinnate, best Remarks-In gross morphological features, the available specimen about 2.5 em in length. Ultimate present specimens are similar to those of pinnae sub-oppositely attached at an angle of 60°-

Table I-Plant fossil assemblages recorded by different authors from Dubrajpur Formation at Khatangi Hill

Srivastava, 19')8 Sah, 1965 Sen Gupta, 1988 Present assemblage

FILlCAlES: FILICALES: FILICALES: FILICALES: Gleicheniles sp. Gleicheniles gleichenoides Gleicbeniles gleicbenoides Gleicbeniles gleichenoides Maralliopsis sp. (Oldham & Morris! (Oldham & Morris) (Oidium & Morris! Seward & Sahni Seward & Sahni Seward & Sahni Cutcililes madagascariensis Appen

UNClASSIFIED FERNS: UNCLASSIFIED FERNS UNClASSIFIED FERNS: UNCLA.c;SIFI ED FERNS: Cladophlebis sp. Cladopbtebis indica Cladophlebis indica Cladopblebis indica Sphenopleris sp. (Oldham & JVlorris) (Oldham & Morris) (Oldham & Morris) Pecopleris sp Sahni & Rao Sahni & Rao Sahni & Rao Cladophlebis sp. Onychiopsis sp. Microphyllopleris sp.

CYCADALES: PTERIDOSPERMAlES: PTERIDOSPERNlAlES Nitssonia sp. ?Thinnjeldia sp. 7binnjeldia kbalangiensis sp. nov.

BENNETTITAlES BENNE1TITAI.ES: OENNETTITALES: BENNETTITALES: Olozamiles sp. Plerophyllllm sp. Plilophylillm aculijolium Plilopbyllum cUlcbense Williamsonia sp. Morris Morris Plilopbyllum aculijolillll1 Pleropbyllum fissum Plilopbyllllm aculijolium Feistmantel Williamsonia sp. Plerophyllllm dislans Morris Plerophyllurn sp. d. P. jooleanull1 Feistmantel

CYCADALES: CYCADALES: CYCADALES: Nilssonia princeps Taeniopleris crenala Nilssonia sp. (Oldham & Morris) McClelland Glenis rajmabatensis n. sp. Nitssonia sp. Taeniopleris sp. ef. Macrolaeniopleris lala T oldbamii Bose & Banerji (Oldham & Morris) Taeniopleris sp. Sahni

CONIFERALES: CONIFERALES Elalocladus conjerla Pagiopbyllum sp. (Oldham & Morris! Sahni 124 THE PALAEOBOTANIST

70°, linear to lanceolate in shape, largest ultimate Cladophleb is indica -Die tyozami tes indic us pinna 1 em long and 2.5 mm broad. Pinnule-lobing assemblage zone of Middle to Upper Jurassic and towards base complete but towards distal end lobing absent in Ptilophyllum acutiJolium-Gleichenites incomplete at places. Pinnules oblanceolate to gleichenoides zone of KhaLangi Hill. elliptical in shape, measuring 1.5-2 x 1-1.5 mm, Ptilophyllum acutiJulium Morris 1840 margin entire, apex subacute to obtuse, attached by broad decurrent base. Venation mostly PI. 1, fig. 9 inconspicuous. Proximal pinnules with forked or Remarks-A few specimens resembling P. unforked veins; rest, at places, showing keeled acutiJolium are present in the collections. midvein appearing to be fertile. Williamsonia Carruthers 1870 Remarks-Five frond fragments have been Genus- recovered but their fertile nature is uncertain. The Williamsonia sr. specimens are comparable with Onychiopsis PI. I, figs 5, 7 elongata (Geyler) Yokoyama (1889, pI. 12, fig. 10) in size and shape of sterile pinnules. Sukh-Dev (1970) Description-Flower large, incomplete, about considered 0 elongata and 0 paradoxus Bose & 10-14 em in length and 7 em in width; base of the Sukh-Dev 1959 as junior synonyms of 0 psilotoides flower probably rhomboidal, gradually tapering (Stokes & Webb) Ward but Kimura and Aiba ( 1986) towards apex, bracts numerous, more than 12 in maintain 0 elongata as the type species of this number, 5-6 mm broad, surface of bracts striate, genus. prOXimal portion of bracts hairless but distal portion hairy; hairs up to 8 mm long. Genus- Cladophlebis Brongnian 1849 Comparison-Only two specimens are found, Cladophlebis indica (Oldham & Morris) Sahni & Rao one (PI. 1, fig. 5) shOWing proximal part with 1933 hairless bracts and the other (PI. 1, fig. 7) shOWing PI. 1, fig. 4 distal part of bracts with profuse hairs. Although both the specimens are described here as Comparison-Cladophlebis indica is common in Williamsonia sp., there is a possibility of existence the assemblage. These forms are similar to the of twO different species. sterile frond of Todites indicus (Oldham & Morris) In their large size, the present specimens Bose & Sah described from various other localities of resemble Williamsonia indica Seward 1917 and W Rajmahal Basin. But due to lack of fertile fronds from sahnii Gupta 1943. But the specimen with profuse this locality, they are being placed provisionally hairy bracts resembles W. sahnii and the other one under Cladophlebis indica (Oldham & Morris) Sahni compares with W. indica having hairless bracts. & Rao 1933. Bennettitales Genus- Pterophyllum Brongnian 1828 Genus- Ptilophyllum Morris 1840 Pterophyllum distans Morris 1863 PI. 1, fig. 10 Ptilophyllum cutchense Morris 1840 PI. 1, fig. 6 Comparison-The specimen of Pterophyllum Remarks-According to Sen Gupta (1988, p. distans from Khatangi Hill, except for smaller pinnae 103) Ptilophyllum Cll tchense Morris is restricted to is similar to those of the same species from Kutch

PLATE 1 --

1. Gte/cben/tes gte/cheno/des (Oldham & Morris) Seward & Sahni, 36250. x 1 a fragmem of frond bearing small deltoid pinnules, Specimen 6. Ptilophyllum culchense Morris. shOWing overlapping pinnate no. BSIP 36244, x I leaves. Specimen no. BSIP 36262 A. x 1. 2. Onycb/ops/s sp. a frond fragment, Specimen no. BSIP 7 Distal portion of Williamsonia flower with hairy bracts, 36245B, x 2. Specimen no. BSIP 36249, x 1. 3. Onycbiops/s sp, a frond with sterile and probable fertile 8. Plilopbyllum aculijolium Morris, frond shOWing pinnae with pinnules at the distal end, Specimen no. BSIP 36245, x 2. acuminate apex. Specimen no. BSJP 36262 B, x \. 4. Cladopbieb/s indica (Oldham & Morris) Sahni & Rao, pinnule 9 Pterophyllum sp. cf P. jooleanum, Specimen no BSIP shOWing venation pallern, Specimen no BSIP 36246A, x 2. 36252. x 1. 5 Will/amsonia sp, a large incomplete flower shOWing 10. Pterophyllum dislans Morris, pinnate leaf shOWing distantly overlapping bracts wirhout hairs, Specimen no. BSIP placed pinnae. Specimen no. BSIP 36251, xl -::"~ - .....~ ~.. - . - .~ --.: ,b:~ '- 1" 0' BANER]I-l'lAi\JT FOSSILS FROM DlfBRAJPUR fORMATION l2'

(Bose & Banerji, 1984) The Khatangi specimen characteristic feature of the genus Nilssonia; \'eins probably represents a juvenile leaf. are mostly unforked Though the stomatal features are not known, yet the concentration of veins is Pteropbyllum sp. cf. P. jooteanlln1 Feistmantel 1879 unlike the genus Pteropbyllum Brongniarr PI. 1, fig. 9; Text·fig. 1B Comparison -NiLsso n fa orie n t a Lis' H ee r Descnption-Specimens incomplete, 3.5 cm described by Jacob and Shukla (1955) from Saighan long; rachis 1 mm broad, finely striate. Pinnae Series of Nganistan is nearest to the present alternate to sub-opposite, attached on lateral sides of specimens in gross features and vein concentration, rachis at angles of 80° -90°, linear, largest pinna but differs by its less-segmented lamina fragment about 3.5 cm in length and 3-4 mm in Genus- Ctents Lindley & Hutton 1834 width, apex mostly not preserved but in one Ctenis rajmabalensis sp. nov specimen it seems to be obtuse; base broad, PI. 2, figs 3, 4; Text-fig 10 acroscopic and basiscopic basal margins turned upwards and downwards respectively and perhaps Diagnosis-Fronds paripinnate, more than 12 jointed with the bases of adjacent pinnae of same cm in length and 10.7 cm in width. Rachis up to 6 side; veins 3-8 per pinna, mostly forked at various mm broad, smooth or finely striate. Pinnae laterally levels. attached at angles of 80°-90°,06-5.8 cm in length, Remarks-The specimens resemble 2.5-2 cm in breadth, attached by broad base, margin Pteropbyllum jooteanum Feistmantel 1879 except entire, apex subacute to obtusely rounded, basal for less concentration of veins. basiscopic and acroscopic margins extended upward and downwards on the rachis joining the adjacent Cycadales pinnae. Rarely at places basal basiscopic margin sligh tly constricted and upper one straigh t. Veins Genus- Ntlssonta Brongniart 1825 arising at wide angles, forking at various levels, sub­ parallel throughout the lamina with slight Nilssonia sp. divergence towards lateral margins, 10-12 per cm at PI. 2, figs 6, 7; Text-fig. 1C base, 16-18 per cm in middle region and 20-25 per Descnption-Leaves simple, incomplete, largest cm towards distal end. 20 cm in length and 9 cm in width, elongate, Holotype-PI. 2, fig. 4, Specimen no BSIP 36259 oblanceolate~spathulate. Rachis 0.6 cm broad near Remarks-All the specimens are incomplete and base. Lamina rather delicate with flecks of re5>in, show either apical or middle portion of the frond. corrugated, occasionally divided into irregular Cross-connections between veins are rarely visible rectangular segments in middle region. Segments Ctenis rajmabalensis is some\'Vhat comparable to with lateral margin truncated and straight, slightly Clenis imjbiriensis Bose & Zeba-Bano 1979 in ha \'ing wavy at places. Apex obtuse, lamina gradually rare cross-connections but the Khatangi Hill tapering towards base. Veins mostly simple, arising specimens differ by smaller pinnae and decurrent at right angle and running straight across lamina, basal margins. In Clem's imjbiriensis basiscopic and slightly curved upwards tOwards apex, 20·30 acroscopic margins are contracted. veins/cm at margin. Genus- Taentopterls Brongniart 1828 Remarks-In most of the specimens studied, the Taeniopteris sp. cf T oldbamii Bose & Banerji 1981 attachment of lamina is not clear. A specimen (PI. 2, PI. 2, fig. 1; Text-fig. 1E-G fig. 7) shows lamina which almost covers the midrib leaVing a narrow groove. Another specimen shows Descnption- Leaf petiola te, petiole incomplete, flecks of resin (PI. 2, fig. 6), which is also a 12.5 mm broad. Lamina ovate, 22-6 cm in length

PLATE 2

1. Taeniopleris d. T oldIJamii £lose & 13anerji shOWing leaves 5. Pagiophyllilm sp., Specimen no {lSII' .3625H. x I. Wilh cordale bases, Specimen no 13SIP 3625.3, x 1 6. Nilssol1ia sp.. shOWing corrugaled irregular'" segnlented 2. Taeniopleris sp., incomplete leaf sho\'ving coarse nature of lamina of leaf wilh simple parallcl lateral \ei115 and fleck of laleral veins, Specimen no. 8511' .3625~,xl resin, Specimen no. USII' 36257, x l. 3. Ctenis rajmabalensis sp. nov. showing paripinnale nalure of 7. Another specimen of Nilssonia sp. showing middle region of leaf, Specimen no. BSIP .36260, x 1. lamina full)' covering lhe rachis except I'or a 11arro'" median 4. C. rajmabalel1sis sp. nov. holotype shOWing venalion patlern, groove, Specimen no. 13511'.36256, x 1. Specimen no. BSIP .36259, x 1. 128 THE PALAEOBOTANIST

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Text-figure I-A. Onyc:hiopsis sp. showing elliptical pinnules \vith forked or unforked veins, specimen no B.S.I.P. 36261, x 4: B, Plerophyllum sp. cf P jooleanum, linear pinnae showing venation, specimen no. B.5,I.I'. 36252 xl, C. Nilssoniasp., lamina almost covers the midrib except a narrow median groove and lateral veins are mostly unforked, specimen no. 36259, x I, D, Clerzi,­ rajmahalerzsis sp. nov.. holotype showing shape and venation pattern of pinnae, specimen no. 36259, x I; E-G, Taeniopleris sp. d. T oldhamii Bose & Banerji-E. leaf showing cordate base and venation pattern, specimen no. B.S.!.P. 36253, x 1. F·G. small leaf of the above species shOWing emarginate apex and cordate base, specimen nos. 36247. 36247 (CP.), x I. 13A1'JER.JI-I'L-\I'JT FOSSIL') FJ~OJvll)l'13RAJI'llR fOIUvlATION 129

and 22-4 COl in \viclth, margin appears to be entire, -- TAXA JURASSIC CRETACEOJS apex probably emarginate, base cordate. Midrib 12 mm thick, distinct up to apex, veins arising at 60° LOWER MIDDLE UPPER LOWER 80° angles. simple or forked, forking at various Gleichenites le\'els; vein concentration near midrib region 8-14 Cladophlebis per Col and towards margin 13-20 per Col. Pli!ophyllum Remarks-The specimens though resemble T Will iamsonia oldhami! Bose & Banerji 1981 in general, yet differ Plerophyllum in ha\-ing emarginate apex and more or less entire margin. Taemopteris emclIginala Oishi 1940 has Nil sson,a emarginate apex, but is distinguished by an obovate­ Clenis elliptical shape dnd high concentration of veins Taeniopteris Pagiophyllum Taeniopleris sp. Elalocladus PI. 2, fig. 2 Onychiopsis DeSCription-leaf incomplete, petiolate, 9.6 cm Culcitltes long, maximum width 62 cm, Petiole 2.6 cm long, 05 cm broad, surface showing wrinkles Lamina Text-figure 2-Dislribulion of various laxa in Khalangi Hill Dubralpur Forn,alion probably thin, base constricted, margin entire Petiole continued as midrib of the lamina. Lateral by Cleiebeniles, Culeitiles, Onychiopsis and veins coming out almost at right angles to midrib, Cladophlebis. Conifers are extremely rare and once mostly bifurcated in middle region, represented by a fragment of Pagiophyllum and concentration of veins 7-10 per cm near midrib and Elatocladus conferla The assemblage is 10-14 per cm near margin. characterised by frequent occurrence of Culcililes, Comparison- Taenioplens sp. resembles T Onycbiopsis, Clenis and Nilssoma along with the buskoghalensis'Bose & Banerji 1981 in coarse nature preponderance of Plilophyllum and Cleieheniles, of lar,eral veins. Frequent occurrence of Onychiopsis· along with abundance of Cleiebenites indicates a Lower Coniferales Cretaceous affinity. Howe\'er, unlike other Lower Genus- Pagiophyllum Heer 1881 Cretaceous assemblages the conifers are relatively infrequent An Upper Jurassic affinity cannot be Pagiophyllum sp. ruled out as the flora is dominated by cycadophytes PI. 2, fig. 5 md contains an Upper Jurassic marker genus Descriplion- Twig 2.5 cm long, 3 mm wide, Culeililes (Tex"t-fig .2) The o\'crall dominance of leaves spirally disposed at angles of 30° -45 0, linear cycadophytes over the conifers depicts that a tropical to falcate, 4 x 0.5 mOl, apex acute, margin entire, to subtropical ciimate was prevailing at the time of acroscopic basal margin straight, basiscopic basal deposition, margin decurrent, medianly keeled, Keel distinct up to apex. REFERENCES Remarks-Pagiophyllum has been recorded from Khatangi Hill for the first time. The specimen Appen. O. 1973 Die Pleridoph)1en aus dem oberen Jura des Manamana in SlKlwesr-tvladagaskar. ScIJu'l'iz. pa[aeonl I1!JIJ. compares best with Pagiophyllum araucaroides 94: 1-62 Vishnu-Mime 1959, but the latter is based on Ball. V. 1877 Geology of Ralmahal Hills. ,111'/1/ geol Sum India anatomical details. 13(2) : I",=' 2';9 Banerji. j. 198H. Firs! record of the genus CU[Cililes Appen from India and ilS significance. [n Venkalachala, B. S & DISCUSSION Maheshwari, H. K (eds)- Concepl, limits and eXlension oj Ibe Indian Gondu'ana, PataeobOlanisl 36 201-204. In Dubrajpur Formation at Khatangi Hill, the Bose, M, N. & Banerji, j. 1981. Cycadophylic leaves from Jurassic· cycadophytes are represented by nine species Lower Cretaceous rocks of India, Palal'o!Jolanisl 28-29 : belonging to six genera, Plilophyllum is the most 218300 dominant element. Nilssonia and Clem-s are quite BlJSe, M. N. & Banerji, J 1984, The fossil floras of Kachchh-I. i\-Iesozoic megafossils. Pa[aeo!Jolanisl 33 : I 189. frequent, whereas Pleropbyllum and Taeniopterisare Bose, M. N. & Sukh-Dev 19';9 Studies on the fossil nora of lhe meagrely represented Lycopsids and sphenopsids Jabalpur Series from the SOLuh Hewa Gondwana Basin·2. are absent in this assemblage Ferns are represented Onychiopsis paradoxus n. sp Pa/aeobotanisl 8 .57-64. 130 THE PAlAE0130TANIST

Hose. ~(N &. 7.eba·Bano 1979. On some cycadophytic leaves from Sen Gupta, S 1988 Upper Gondwana stratigraphy and palaeo­ the jabalpur Series. Palaeohotanist 26. 1·9. botany of Rajmahal Hills, Bihar, India. Mem. geol Sun. India FeistmalHel. O. IiP9. Outliers on the Madras coast, ill "Fossil Palaeont indica, 48 • 1-182. nlna of the [Ipper Gondwanas" ,Hem. geol Sure. Indw Seward. A C 1917 Fossil plants-3. Cambridge Unil' Press, Palaeolll. indica. Ser 2, I( 4) 1-34 Cambridge. Gupta, K At 19-13. A ne," species of Williamsollia ( W salmi) sp. Seward. A. C &. Sahni, 13. 1920. Indian Gondwana plants. A re­ no' ) from the Rajmahal Hilts. I Indian hot Soc. 22 191 200 visiOn. Mem. geol. Sun'. India jJalaeont. indica, n. ser. 7( 1) Jacob, K &. Shukla, B. N. 19';5. jurassic piaills from the Saighan 1-41. series of northern Afghanistan and their palaeo·climatOlogical Singh, H. P. & Venkatachala, 13. S. 1988. Upfler Jurassic-Lower ~ndpalaeo-geographical significance. Mem. geol Sun' Illdia Cretaceous sflore-pollen assemblages in the peninsular India. PalaeOI/{. Indica (ns) 33(2) • 1·64. {n . Venkatachala, 13.S. &. ~laheshwari,H. K. (eds)-Concepts, Kimura, T& Aiba, H. 1986. Onychiopsis yokoyamai (Yabe) comb. Itnlits alld extension of tbe indian Condu'Cllw, Palaeo­ nlW from the Lower Cretaceous plant beds in the outer zone botanist 36 : 168-176 01- japan. HIIII. natn. Sci. MilS. Tokyo 12(2) 41-52. Srivastal'a, R. N. 19')8. In. Krishnan, M. S-General report 01­ Oishi, S 19-10. 111e Mesozoic flora of japan. I Fac Sci. Hokkaido Geological Survey of India for year 19:;4 Rec. geol. Sun' Imp. [filii'., Ser 4, 5 123-467 India 88( 1) 21-23 Oldham, T &. Morris. J. 1863 Fossil flora of the Rajmahal Series Sukh-De\' 1970. Some ferns from the Lower Cretaceous of Madhya in the Rajmahal Hills. lvlem. geol. Suru. India Palaeo lit. Pradesh-I Palaeobotanist 18 : 197-207 illdica, Ser 2, I( I) • I-52. Sukh-De" 1988. Floristic zones in the Mesozoic formations and Sah, S. C D. 196';. Palaeobotanical evidence on the age of their relative age. III . Venkatachala, B. S. &. Ivlaheshwari, H. K. Khatangi beds ('Dubralpur) in Ra)mahal Hilts, Bihar Palaeo­ (eds)-Concepts, limits f- e_>:tension of the {lldiall Go ndu'CIIW, botanist 13.218-220 Palaeohotanist 36 161-167 Sah. SeD. & Shah, S. C 1974. Dubrajpur Formation and its Tiwari. R. S, Kumar. P. & Tripathi, A 1983. Palvnodating of biozones III. Surange, K. R et al. (eds)-A,pects (-, appraisal Dubrajpur and lnter-trappean beds in sub-surface strata of of Indian palaeohotany. pp. 447 -4'; 1. Birbal Salmi Institute of north-eastern Rajmahal Basin. In. TIwari, R. S. et al. Palaeobotany, Lucknow. (eds)-Proc Sl'mp. Tecb. Sess. V Indian Geopbytol. Con[., Sahni, B. & Rao, A. K 1933 On some jurassic plants from Raj­ Spec. Publ .. flp. 207-22'), Palaeobotanical S()ciet~', mahal Hills. I asiat Soc. l3eng (n. sef) 27 : 183-208 Lucknow. Sen Gupta, S. 1984. On the stratigraphy of Khatangi Hill Seerion, Vishnu-Mime 1959. Studies on the fossil flora of Nipania (Raj· Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. India. Nee. geol. Slim India 114( 2) • mahal Series). Bihar-Coniferales Palaeohotalllst 6: 82112. 63-67 Yokoyama, Ivl 1889. Jurassic plants from Kaga, Hida and Echizen. Sen Gupta, S. 1985. Dubrajpur Formation and itS type section from I Sci. Coli Imp Un il'. japan 3 • I- 66. Rajmahal Hills. India. Rec. geol. sun!. [lidia 113(3) • 99· 105.