Transactions and Proceedings

of the Palaeontological Society of Japan

New Series No. 98

Palaeontological Society of Japan J Lln e 30, 1975 Editor Takashi HAMADA Associate Editor Ikuwo OBATA

Officers for 1975 - 1976

Honorary President: Teiichi KOBAYASHI Presiden t : Tatsuro MATSUMOTO Councillors (*Executive): *Kazuo ASAMA, Kiyoshi ASANO, *Kiyotaka CI-II NZEI, *Takashi HAMADA, *T etsuro HANA I, *Itaru HAYAM I, Tadao KAMEl, *Kametoshi KANMERA, *Tamio KOTAKA, *Tatsuro MATSUMOTO, Tokio SHIKAMA, Tsugio SHUTO, *Yokichi T AKAYANAG I, Toshimasa TANAI, *Hiroshi U]IlE Executive Committee: General Affairs: Tetsuro HAN AI, Itaru HAY AMI, Kiyotaka CHINZE I, Saburo KANNO, Yasuhide IWASAKI Membership: Kazuo ASAMA, Kazuhiko UEMURA Finance: Hiroshi UJIIE Planning: Tamio KOTAKA, Hiroshi NODA Publications Transactions: Takashi HAMADA, Ikuwo OBATA Special Papers: Kametoshi KA NMERA, Ienori FUJIY AMA, Tomo\vo OZAW A "Fossils": Yokichi T AKAYANAGI, Toshiaki TAKAYAMA

Fossil on the cover is the six leaves in a whorl of Trizygia obLongifoLia (GERM. & KAULF.) ASAMA from the Maiya formation (ParafusuLina zone), Maiya, N. E. Japan.

All communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN c/o Business Center for Academic Societies, Japan Yayoi 2-4-16, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Sole agent: University of Tokyo Press, Hongo, Tokyo Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 98, pp. 55-93, pis. 5-8, June 30, 1975

646. MIDDLE-LATE EARLY CRETACEOUS PLANTS NEWLY FOUND FROM THE UPPER COURSE OF THE KUZURYU RIVER AREA, FUKUI PREFECTURE, JAPAN*

TATSUAKI KiMURA

Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo

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mainly from the Tamodani valley, a right Introduction and Acknowledgement tributary of the Kuzuryu. This paper deals with the first palaeo­ In 1953, the writer and Y. HAYASHI botanical study of the middle to late who was a student of the Tokyo Uni­ Early Cretaceous floras in the Hida]Inner versity of Education, studied the strati­ side) Palaeofloristic Province formerly graphy of the little known Mesozoic for proposed by the writer (1961, 1963). mation exposed along the upper course The present writer is deeply indebted of the Kuzuryu, Kami-Anama-mura (now to Dr. THOMAS M. HARRIS, Professor Izumi-mura), Ono-gun, Fukui Prefecture, Emeritus of the University of Reading and collected many fossil plant fragments for his very helpful suggestions and crit­ * Received Sept. 28, 1974: Read Oct. 20, icism during the writer's stay in England. 1973 at the 112th Meeting of the Society at Financial support of this study was in Tokyo. part defrayed by the Grant-in-Aid for

55 56 Tatsuaki KIMURA Scientific Research from Ministry of The Lower Member overlies the Per­ Education, Japan. mian Group and semi-schist with un­ conformity, and the Uppermos't Member is characterised by the association of two Geology and Occurrence tuff beds, greyish in colour, 30-50 cm of fossil plants thick, and covered unconformably with quartz-porphyry and andesite flows of HAYASHI named the Mesozoic for­ later ages. mation in this area the Tamodani For­ As shown in Fig. 2, fossil plants occur mation. This formation is monoclinic in in several horizons, A-H but not the structure, inclined gently to north, and Lower and the Upper Members. Non­ is divisible into the following four mem­ marine or brackish shells, though they bers which are conformably set each are of little use as stratigraphical indi­ other: cators, are obtained from the lower part Uppermost tuff, shale and sandstone of the Middle Member. alternation In the Tetori (Tedori) Basin, the fol­ Upper sandstone lowing tuff-bearing Early Cretaceous Middle sandstone and shale alternation deposits have only been known: Lower conglomerate

Mino·Shirotori·machi~ (Gifu prefecture)

0..., _""---'__ ' .--,---,hm Niguregawa valley

Fig. 1. Map shows fossil localities (A-H, AI, BI, D/)along the Tamodani and the Hayashidani valleys, Izumi-mura, Ono-gun, Fukui prefecture. 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 57

o. " ;:::, ~'.Il1/>\/>\"A"AA~I\": ...... - - 1\1\1\1\1\/'1./\

~.-----.

1..5"

Btuff ~ ~~~~,~~~~()\I'~:~~TY ...\.l-I fussil beds Fig. 2. Columnar section of the Lower Cretaceous formation exposed along the Tamodani valley, and the occurrence of fossils (T. KIMURA, 1974).

Kitadani alternation of sandstone, shale MAEDA (1958), these shells (Kitadani and tuff (MAEDA, 1958); Fauna) were said to differ from the so­ Distributed along the Omichidani called Tetori non-marine shells de­ valley, a tributary of the Tetori and scribed by KOBAYASHI & SUZUKI (1936) the Takinami River,a tributary of the and to be close to those of the Nagdong Kuzuryu, overlying the thick Akaiwa Series, Southern Korea and the late sandstone, characterised by the pres­ Neocomian Wakino Subgroup, the ence of reddish or .greenish tuffaceous Kwanmon Group, Northeastern Kyu­ layers above (see Fig. 3) and by the shu. existence of the non-marine shells as Chinaboradani alternation of tuff, shale Trigonioides suzukii MAEDA, T. kodai­ and sandstone (MAEDA, 1957); rai KOBAYASHI & SUZUKI, Plicatounio About 100 m thick, overlying con­ kobayashii MAEDA, P. tetoriensis MA­ formably the Nochino conglomerate EDA, Nakamuranaia chingshanensis and sandstone, the Akaiwa sandstone (GRABAU), etc. below. According to equivalent, distributed at the upper 58 Tatsuaki KIMURA the former is not reddish or dark green­ o~r ish but rather greyish. KC . Kuwashima Sandstone & 1,'[ The geological age of the Uppermost , Shale Alternation AK ; Akaiwa Sandstone Member is presumed to be Aptian, K 1 ; Kitadani Sandstone, Shale & Tuff because in the Kitadani Formation, the Alternation Omichidani Tuff. Shale Kitadani Fauna below is similar to that o:vr ; 1000 III & Sandstone Alternation of the late Neocomian Wakino Subgroup (Upper Cretaceous) Sh Shale. S ; sandstone. (A. HASE, 1960; Y. OTA, 1960) and the C conglomerate, T ; tuff, Q quartz-porphyry, coloured tuffaceous layers above are A andesite similar in colour to the coloured pyro­ clastic layers of the Shimonoseki Sub­ AK group (so-called the Inkstone) overlying the Wakino Subgroup, and of Silla (Shi­ o ragi in Japanese) Series overlying the Neocomian Nagdong Group. ----. s If the above chronological assumption for the Uppermost Member is accepted, the Lower to Upper Member are rightly correlated with the late Neocomian Aka­ Kif iwa sandstone widely distributed in the Tetori Basin. Fig. 3. Columnar section along the Omichidani valley, Ishikawa Prefecture (after S. MAEDA, 1958). Subdivision of the so-called "Tetori Flora"

course of the Uchinami and the Itoshiro The fossil plants including Arctopteris Rivers, both tributaries of the Kuzuryu, and jacutopteris, of the Uppermost Mem­ characterised by the presence of red­ ber, are quite different in composition dish or dark greenish tuffaceous layers. from those of the Akaiwa and the early Oyama Formation (MAEDA, 1957); Neocomian Oguchi Formations and that Distributed along the upper course of of the late Jurassic Kuzuryu Group_ the Itoshiro River, consisting of the Accordingly it is appropriate to treat Upper alternation of tuff, shale and them as a flora, the Tamodani Flora. sandstone Member of 30 m thick, and Recently, from several new localities the Lower sandstone and tuff Member of the Akaiwa Formation, the writer and of 47 m thick, conformably overlying his cooporators found a new fossil flora, the thin Nobudani conglomerate which the Akaiwa Flora which was fairly dif­ overlies the Palaeozoic Group with un­ ferent from the Oguchi Flora both in conformity and is characterised by the morphological characters of cycadophytes presence of reddish or dark greenish and ginkgos and in composition. tuffaceous layers. Accordingly, the formerly so-called "Tetori Flora" is now divisible chrono­ JUdging from the lithic characters, the logically into the followings. Uppermost Member may correspond to the tuff -bearing formations mentioned Tamodani Flora: above, though the colour of the tuff in Description; the present work 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 59

Table 1. Stratigraphical relation between the standard area and the Tamodani valley section, and subdivision of the so·called "Tetori Flora". (Thickness of formation is in the average)

Geological age Stratigraphy of standard area and subdivision Tetori Group Tetori Super­ Tamodani of "Tetori by S. MAEDA Group by M. (Present work) Flora" (1958) KAWAJ (1961)

I--

Kitadani Sandstone. Uppermost Shale & Tuff. Tuff Shale & Alternation .- Sandstone - (275 m) 2 s: Upper c.;: Sands((me :\Jyogadani jI,·liddle <0 Formation Sandstone (252 m) g & Shale ;: Alternation Lower Akaiwa Conglomerate Formation (288111) < ] !-

KU\\'ashima Kuwashima Sandstone & Alternation Shale Alternation (400 m) u ~, Gomishima o Gomishima Conglomerate Conglomerate (50- 350 m)

Kuzuryu Subgroup 60 Tatsuaki KIMURA

Geological age; Aptian "Ryoseki Flora" as early Early Creta­ Akaiwa Flora: ceous, and the difference in composition Description; the present work in part between both floras has been considered Geological age; late Neocomian to be due to the difference in age. Remarks; the main subject will be The writer (1961, 1963) has observed shown in detail in the near future that both floras were synchronous and Oguchi Flora: (=Kaga flora formerly that the difference in composition was proposed by YOKOYAMA, 1889) not due to a difference in age but to the Description; GEYLER, 1877; YOKO­ surroundings in those days, and has YAMA, 1889; Y ABE, 1905, 1922; provisionally established the following OISHI, 1936. 1940, 1941; SHIMA­ palaeofloristic provinces in the age from KURA, 1937; MATSUO & OMURA, Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. 1968; KIMURA, 1961; KIMURA, & SEKIDO, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1970, Outer side (or Outer zone) palaeo- 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974 (in press) floristic province Geological age; early Neocomian Northeast subprovince Remarks; collected mainly from the Soma subprovince Kuwashima (=Kuwajima) sand­ Southwest subprovince stone and shale alternation and its Inner side (or Inner zone) (=Hida) equivalent of the Itoshiro Group palaeo floristic province (by KAWAI) or the Itoshiro Sub­ Toyora palaeo floristic province group (by MAEDA) On the other hand, based upon the "Kuzuryu Flora": recent results of palaeobotanical studies Description; KIMURA, 1958, 1959 in the Soviet Union, together with those Geological age; late Juras sic in other parts of Eurasia, V AKHRAMEEV The stratigraphical relation of these (1964, 1966) proposed the following palaeo­ floras is shown in Table 1. floristic provinces extending from Juras­ sic to Early Cretaceous. On the Early Cretaceous floras of Japan Siberian palaeo floristic pra vince Indo-European palaeofloristic General remarks province European subprovince We have two distinct floras in the Indian subprovince early Early Cretaceous, the "Ryoseki East Asian subprovince Flora" and the Oguchi Flora or the main part of the" Tetori Flora". The former He later proposed to subdivide the includes the floras or florules of the Siberian province into the Lena and the Omoto Formation, the Of una to Group, Amur sub provinces (1970, 1971). The the Jusanhama Group, the Kukunari and boundary between both palaeofloristic the Ayukawa Formations, the Shiroi provinces was considered by him to have Formation, the Tatsukawa Formation, removed northward as the time pro­ the Ryoseki Group, the Lower Monobe­ ceeded. gawa Group and the Kawaguchi For­ The early Early Cretaceous floras of mation of early Neocomian in age. his Indo-European province are repre­ The rich Oguchi flora has been re­ sented by one of the" Wealden" type. garded as Late Jurassic in age and the The "Ryoseki Flora" and its equivalent 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 61 in the Outer side province of Japan are tri· or more pinnate fronds with very very similar to the "Wealden flora" in small pinnules often with lobed margins. composition. While the Oguchi Flora in These pinnules or lobes are mostly re· the Inner side province of Japan is, on flexed. Cladophlebis takezakii with un· the other hand, similar in composition usually large·sized pinnules may belong to the floras of V AKHRAMEEV'S Siberian to the Osmundaceae. province. It is highly probable that some species Judging from floral composition, it of Sphenopteris belong to Pachypteris or seems clear that the Early Cretaceous its allies, because they represent leathery floras of Southern Primo rye (KRYSHToFo· pinnules. Acrostichopteris was once re· VICH and PRYNADA, 1932; KRASSILOV, corded by NAGAO (1926) and Y ABE (1927) 1967) belong to the Indo·European pro· from the Yuasa Formation and later was vince, although they include some "stran· assigned to Sphenopteris goepperti by gers" from the Siberian province. OISHI (1931, 1940). New specimens, how· Accordingly, the Oguchi Flora appears ever, recently obtained by KANSHA from to be isolated in the Indo·European pro· the same formation, are very similar to vince. According to V AKHRAMEEV (1971), those described as Acrostichopteris from Siberian floras existed under temperate the Lower Cretaceous of Portugal, North and moderately moist climates, whereas America and Southern Primorye, and are those of the Indo·European province ex· clearly distinguishable from Sphenopteris isted under more arid climates. goepperti or Ruffordia goepperti. Now, in the case of discussing the Japa· Without cuticular analyses, it is dif· nese Early Cretaceous floras, it seems to ficult or even impossible to make dis· be quite necessary to introduce the recent tinctions between the Cycadales and the knowledge regarding two distinct early Bennettitales depending only on external Early Cretaceous floras, the "Ryoseki appearance of leaves, so the term cycad· Flora" and the Oguchi Flora, as mentioned ophyte including both orders is quite below. useful. Cycadophytes are represented by such genera as Otozamites, Ptilophyllum, The "Ryoseki Flora" Williamsonia (or Weltrichia), Zamites, Cycadolepis (or Deltolepis), Nilssoniopteris Predominant elements are Matonia· (or Willia11lsoniella), Zamiophyllum and ceous, Gleicheniaceous and Schizaeaceous Nilssonia. Except for entire leaves re­ ferns. Matoniaceous ferns have not yet garded as Nilssonia orientalis, or N. ex been found in the "Tetori Flora" and gr. orientalis, no species is common with Dicksoniaceous ferns are very rare in the" Tetori Flora ". the" Ryoseki Flora ". Otozamites klipsteinii is, though not Recently W eichselia, a Matoniaceous abundant, a typical Wealden element. fern, was recorded by FUJIOKA (HUZIOKA) Fairly abundant are Ptilophyllum leaves from the Ryoseki Group of Kochi prefec· which are variable in form, and the leaf ture. This genus is considered to be pe· fragments regarded as Ptilophyllum culiar to the Indo·European province in pecten may include such species as those the early Early Cretaceous (ALVIN, 1968, were studied by JACOB and JACOB (1954), 1971; DABER, 1968). and BOSE and KAsA T (1972). Thirteen Cladophlebis species have Cycadolepis is an organ genus con· been recorded so far, most of which have sidered to represent the scale leaves of 62 Tatsuaki KIMURA some bennettitalean plants. It is, how­ In contrast to the Siberian and the ever, difficult to make distinction between " Tetori" floras, ginkgoaleans are very this genus and the cycadean Deltolepis few in the " Ryoseki Flora" as was for­ which is similar to Cycadolepis on the merly mentioned by KOBAYASHI (1942); basis of external feature only. only doubtful Baiera browniana (OISHI, No Dictyozamites leaf has been found 1940) and Czekanowslzia? sp. have been in the "Ryoseki Flora" and no definite known from the Ryoseki Group. Zamiophyllum blade has been found in In the Late Jurassic and the Early the" Tetori Flora". Nilssonia leaves are Cretaceous floras of the Indo-European generally small in size. The leaves re­ province, ginkgoaleans are also quite garded as Nilssonia schaumburgensis re­ few; a single species of Pseudotorellia present three leaf forms, two of which from the English Wealden (W ATSON, are quite different from its type speci­ 1969); two species from India described mens originally described from the Ger­ by SEWARD (1919) based on imperfect man Wealden. specimens; Ginkgoites rajmahalensis Quite recently V AKHRAMEEV stated as (SAH, 1952, 1953 ; MEHTA and SUD, 1953; follows: "In the Neocomian of the Si­ SAH and JAIN, 1965) from the Jurassic berian area, abundant are the remains of of Rajmahal Hills; and Ginkgoites feist­ ginkgos (Ginkgo, Baiera, Sphenobaiera; mantelli (BOSE and DEV, 1958) and Pseudotorellia in the Amur subprovince), ?Baiera sp. (BOSE, 1957) known only from czekanowskias (Czekanowskia, Phoeni­ the Early Cretaceous of Jabalpur; only copsis), conifers (Pityophyllum, Podoza­ Ginkgo pluripartita and Sphenobaiera sp. mites) and seeds of various gymnosperms from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern (Pityospermum, Schizolepis, Ixostrobus, Primorye (KRASSILOV, 1967). Stenorachis, etc.). The number of species Frenelopsis cfr. hoheneggeri from the of these gymnosperm group is consider­ Ayukawa Formation resembles closely ably less than that of ferns and cycado­ the forms from the European Wealden phytes. This appears to be related to and the Potomac Formation. Brachy­ the fact that morphological variety of phyllum japonicum is known from various leaves of ginkgos, czekanowskias and localities. But the exact attribution of conifers is not great, and the species both species is still uncertain, as their distinguished by palaeo botanists are cones for distinguishing genera and spe­ based, as a rule, on leaf remains. Study of cies have not yet been obtained. cuticles of Ginkgoales, Czekanowskiales Nageiopsis of uncertain affinity and and conifers has revealed a great diver­ Podozamites are both rare in the "Ryo­ sity of epidermal structures as compared seki Flora". to morphological variety of leaves. This VAKHRAMEEV (1971) emphasized that will enable in the future to distinguish the Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous a large number of species especially a­ floras in the Indo-European province had mong such genera as Ginkgo, Phoeni­ existed under arid climate, in striking copsis, PityoPhyllum." contrast to those in the Siberian province. This presumption was supported by The above would also be indicated by the detailed study of KRASSILOV (1972), the association of red formations and who distinguished 21 ginkgoalean genera carbonate-bearing layers in the deposits and 39 species from the Jurasso-Creta­ of this province at that time. ceous of Bureja basin. According to BOWER (1961), the char- 646. iVliddle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 63

acteristics of xerophytes are as follows: described by WATSON (1969), Nilssonia a) The leaf-area is reduced. and its schaumburgensis shows thickened cuticle texture is often fleshy to serve for and has small-sized stomata with unicel­ water storage (especially on the lular trichome bases around, but stomata dry areas of the Old World). are not sunken; in Bec1lelesia sulcata and b) The leaf-reduction goes along with Pseudotorellia heterophylla, stomata are a corresponding distension of the sunken and surrounded by thick-walled stem (especially on the dry areas cells; in most of the ferns and Pachyp­ of the New World). teris lanceolata, leaf-margins are reflexed. c) In some cases the stem swells to Many barrel-shaped bennettitalean an almost spherical form, by which stems are known from the Early Creta­ means greatest possible proportion ceous of England (STaPEs, 1915) and of bulk to surface area is attained. North America (FONTAINE, 1889). These d) A spiny or thorny character is manoxylic stems are not known either common. from the Siberian province or from the e) Many possess extensive and deep Tetori Supergroup. root systems and root hairs are Prof. HARRIS told the writer that the characterised by high osmotic pres­ Wealden floras of England were not ex­ sures. actly in an arid climate, but in the one where there was a good period of rain f) Thickened epidermal walls and cu­ ticle and the leathery texture of and a very pronounced dry, hot period. The plant characters indicating xeric leaves are common. conditions, and the occurrence of red g) Hairiness or waxy surface of leaves layers in the Ryoseki Group, leads to a is common. h) The stomata are frequently sunk conclusion that the" Ryoseki Flora" ex­ in deep pits. isted under an edaphic condition similar to that of other Wealden floras. and a i) A lengthwise rolling of the leaf is more arid condition than that is indicated common. for the" Tetori Flora ". j) Some leaves occupy a vertical According to "Geological Materials in rather than a horizontal plane due China" (1956, 1958), red formations are to a bending of the petiole. predominant in the Jian-de and the Pan­ As previously stated, in most of the tou Series of Southern China, whereas ferns, pinnules are small-sized, often in the Mishan and the Mulin Series of lobed; the surface of pinnules and lobes Northeastern China, there are coal inter­ are strongly convex and the leaf-margin calations but is no red formation. is reflexed; most of the long pinnules of SMILEY (1969) distinguished eight floral Matoniaceous ferns have lengthwise rol­ zones extending from Albian to Mae­ ling; in cycadophytes and some fern-like strichtian in North Alaska by his detailed plants, leathery leaves are predominant; field work, and mentioned that each flo­ entire or nearly entire cycadean or ben­ rule had existed on the coastal plain nettitalean leaves are also predominant; under a temperate and moderately humid cuticular characters are little known, climate, this seems true also for the Early because of the ill-preservation of fossil Cretaceous floras of the Kolyma basin material. (SAMYLINA, 1964, 1967). It seems certain In the Wealden flora of England re- that the environment of the "Ryoseki 64 Tatsuaki KIMURA

Flora" was quite different from that of of the "Tetori" and the "Ryoseki" North Alaska and the Kolyma basin. Floras; those of the Old Sutschan and In China, the Mishan and the Mulin the Ussuri (Barremian) are similar to the floras have been assigned to Late "Ryoseki Flora ", although both include Jurassic in age. V AKHRAMEEV (1965, p. Dictyozamites cordatus. 152) inferred the age of both floras to Dictyozamites species have been known be early Early Cretaceous, because both from South America (MENENDEZ, 1966; floras resembled in composition the Early ARCHANGELSKY and BALDONI, 1972), Cretaceous floras of nearby Southern Italy (BARNARD, 1965), Yorkshire Primorye and the geological structure of (HARRIS, 1969), Bornholm (NATHORST, the Mulin Series is very similar to that 1889; FLORIN, 1931 and others), India of the adjacent early Lower Cretaceous (OLDHAM, 1863; MORRIS, 1863; FEIST­ coal-bearing formation along the Suifun MANTEL, 1877 and others), Southern river. Primorye (KRYSHTOFOVICH, 1929, 1933; The writer agrees with V AKHRAMEEV KRYSHTOFOVICH and PRYNADA, 1932 ; in the age of both floras. Among the SAMYLINA, 1964; KRASSILOV, 1967), Ma­ Chinese Early Cretaceous floras, those of laysia (KoN'No, 1967), Nagdong (Y ABE, the Mishan, Mulin, Nenjiang, He-gang, 1905; T ATEIWA, 1929; OISHI, 1936, 1940), Hua-shan and Sha-he-tze Series and that Oguchi, the main part of "Tetori" of Shan-dong peninsula are more like the (YOKOYAMA, 1889; OISHI, 1936, 1940; " Tetori Flora" than the "Ryoseki Flora" KIMURA, 1961; KIMURA and SEKIDO, in composition. On the other hand, the 1966, 1967), Kiyosue (TAKAHASHI and Jian-de flora in the western part of Zhe­ NAITO, 1950) and Lena basin (V AKHRA­ jiang and the Pantou flora in the western MEEV, 1970). part of Fujian are similar to the "Ryo­ seki Flora". The Oguchi Flora, main part SZE (1956) divided the late Mesozoic floras of China into two, i. e. the earlier of the " Tetori Flora" Mishan flora and its equivalents which The writer considers the age of the he considered to be of Dogger-Maim age, Oguchi Flora to be synchronous or nearly and the later Pantou flora and its equi­ so with the "Ryoseki Flora" for the valent which he regarded as of Wealden reasons previously mentioned (1973), age. but its composition is quite different The writer, however, believes that from the " Ryoseki Flora". these Chinese floras are synchronous and The known early Cretaceous or Jurasso­ of early Early Cretaceous age, and re­ Cretaceous floras in the Siberian province present a heterogeneous vegetation like are from the following areas; the relation between the "Tetori" and the" Ryoseki" Floras of Japan. East Siberia; Zeia river (LEBEDEV, 1963), The rich Early Cretaceous floras of Bureja basin (V AKHRAMEEV and DOLu­ Southern Primorye were recently studied DENKO, 1961), Tul and Uda rivers by KRASSILOV (1967), representing a (V AKHRAMEEV and LEBEDEV, 1967), floral succession extending from Berria­ South Yakutsk (VASSILEVSKAJA and sian to Albian age. Floras of the Tauk­ GENKINA, 1961), Lena basin (V ASSIL­ hin (Berriasian) and the Kljuchev (Valan­ EVSKAJA, 1958, 1959; V ASSILEVSKAJA ginian) Formations include elements both and PAVLOV, 1963; V AKHRAMEEV, 1958, 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 65

1962, 1970; SAMYLINA, 1956, 1963 ; SILEVSKAJA, Pterophyllum aeuta (V AS­ KIRICHKOVA and SLASTENOV, 1968 ; SILEVSKAJA) V ACHRAMEEV, P. polynovii KIRICHKOVA and BUDANTSEV, 1967) (PRYNADA) KRASSILOV, P. tyrmensis and Kolyma basin (SAMYLINA, 1964, (PRYNADA) KRASSILOV, Ginkgo para­ 1967). diantoides SAMYLINA, Sphenobaiera West Siberia; left side of the Yenisey angustiloba HEER, Podozamites grami­ river (MOGUCHEVA, 1963) neus HEER, Rhipidiocladus fiabellata In addition to the above, coeval floras PRYNADA. or florules are known from New Siberian Amur subprovince; Cladophlebis argutula Islands,Franz Josef Land, Svalbard (Spitz­ (HEER) FONTAINE, Coniopteris burejen­ bergen). Among these, the floras of Zeia, sis (ZALESSKY) SEWARD, C. nympharum Tul, Uda and Bureja areas were included CHEER) V ACHRAMEEV, C. onyehioides in the Amur subprovince, and the others V ASSILEVSKAKA and KARA-MuRsA, C. in the Lena subprovince. The boundary saportana (HEER) V ACHRAMEEV, Ano­ between both subprovinces is along the mozamites angulatus HEER, Ctenis bure­ Stanovoy Range (V AKHRAMEEV, 1971). jensis PRYNADA, Heilungia amurensis According to V AKHRAMEEV, character­ (NOVOPOKROVSKY) PRYNADA, Ptero­ phyllum polynovii (PRYNADA) KRAs­ istic genera and species of the early SILOV. P. tyrmensis (PRYNADA) KRAs­ Early Cretaceous of the Siberian pro­ SILOV, Ginkgo paradiantoides SAMY­ vince are as follows: LINA, Sphenobaiera angustiloba HEER, Lena subprovince; Cladophlebis argutula Czekanowskia rigida HEER, Phoenieop­ (HEER) FONTAINE, C. atyrkanensis sis angustifolia HEER, Podozamites (HEER), C. lenaensis V ACHRAMEEV, gramineus HEER, Rhipidiocladus fiabel­ C. pseudolobifolia V ACHRAMEEV, C. lata PRYNADA. angarensis V ACHRAMEEV, Coniopteris V AKHRAMEEV (1971) mentioned that the burejensis (ZALESSKY) SEWARD, C. Neocomian Siberian floras had existed nympharum (HEER) V ACHRAMEEV, C. under temperate and moderately humid onychioides V ASSILEVSKAJA and KARA­ climates, instead of more arid climates MURSA, C. setacea (PRYNADA) V ACHRA­ under which coeval Indo-European floras MEEV, C. saportana (HEER) VACHRA­ had developed, for the following reasons: MEEV, Jacutopteris lenaensis V ASSELE­ VSKAJA, Gleichenia lobata V ACHRA­ 1) Insertion of rich coal layers. MEEV, Gonatosorus ketovae V ACHRA­ 2) Wide distribution of pycnoxylic MEEV, Aldania auriculata SAMYLINA, wood remains with well-developed A. umanskii V ACHRAMEEV and LEBE­ annual rings. DEV, A. vaehrameevi SAMYLINA, Ano- 3) No manoxylic wood remains or 71lozamites angularis HEER. Ctenis arborescent ferns which were burejensis PRYNADA, C. nana SAMY­ well-developed in the Indo­ LIN A, C. tygyensis V ASSILEVSKAJA and European province during Neo­ ABRAMovA. He£lungia amurensis comian time. (NOVOPOKROVSKY) PRYNADA, H. san­ 4) Abundant occurrence of decidu­ garensis V ASSILEVSKAJA, Jaeutiella ous ginkgoaleans and Podozamites amurensis (NOVOPOKROVSKY) SAMY­ leaves which would fall in a LINA, Neozamites verehojanensis V ACH­ certain season similar to recent RAMEEV, Nilssonia lobatidentata V AS- Ginkgo leaves. 66 Tatsuaki KIMURA

In the Neocomian of Siberian province, sonia, Ctenis, Ginkgo and Podozamites most Cladophlebis species represent bi­ species are common or similar to those of pinnate fronds with large-sized pinnules the Early Cretaceous floras of Siberia. lacking reflexed margins; such Clado­ KIMURA and SEKIDO (1969) found phlebis species are known from the Older Neozamites which is considered to be Mesozoic floras and the Oguchi Flora in one of the characteristic of Siberian Japan. floras. A Ctenis species (KIMURA and The main locality of the Oguchi Flora SEKIDO, MS) is indistinguishable from is now the upper course of Mekkodani, Ctenis burejensis, one of the elements of a tributary of the Tetori (=Tedori) river. the Siberian floras. Recently Podozamites Characteristics of the Oguchi Flora are as reinii and its allies have been described follows: from the Lena and the Kolyma basins (V ASSILEVSKAJA and PAVLOV, 1963 ; 1) Abundant occurrence of older LEBEDEV, 1965; GENKINA, 1966). This type Cladophlebis species repre­ species is one of the characteristic ele­ senting bipinnate fronds with large-sized pinnules lacking re­ ments of the" Tetori Flora". Xenoxylon latiporosum is a pycnoxylic flexed margins. wood and no manoxylic wood has been 2) Occurrence of older type Todites found in the" Tetori Flora". species. It is highly probable that the Oguchi 3) Abundant occurrence of various Flora existed under a temperate and Dicksoniaceous ferns and such moderately humid climates, because of cycadophytes as Dictyozamites, Ctenis, Nilssonia and Nilssonio­ the characters mentioned above, the fairly rich association of coals, and lack of red cladus (KIMURA and SEKIDO, in press). formations as is the case also with the Early Cretaceous floras of the Siberian 4) Abundant occurrence of various province. ginkgoaleans and Podozamites The material from the Oguchi For­ leaves. mation and its equivalents is only of im­ 5) No Matoniaceous fern has been pressions, and unfortunately no cuticular found. preparation is available at the present 6) Among the cycadophytes, except for entire or nearly entire leaves time. of Nilssonia orientalis or N. ex gr. orientalis, there is no known Brief notes on the late Neocomian species in common with the " Ryoseki Flora". Akaiwa Flora Judging from the composition and the Along the Tamodani section, four characteristic external features of indi­ plant beds were noticed but the lowest vidual species, the Oguchi Flora is very one produced indeterminable fragments similar to the Early Cretaceous floras of only. Among the collection, the following the Siberian province, and not to the species have been identified; Equisetites "Ryoseki Flora" of Japan and the late sp., Birisia onychioides, Adiantites sp. B, Neocomian floras of Southern Primorye; Cladophlebis ex gr. denticulata, Onychi­ some Coniopteris, Gleichenites (or Glei­ opsis elongata, Nilssonia cfr. oriental is, chenia), Sphenopteris, Cladophlebis, Nils- N. dr. nipponensis, Pseudotorellia sp., 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 67

Ginkgoites sp., Podozamites reinii and P. cooperation with the staffs of the Komatsu sp. Leaves of ferns, Ginkgos and Podo­ City Museum, Ishikawa Prefecture, from zamites are abundant but cycadophyte the southeastern slope of Mt. Hakusan leaves less common. and the Osugidani valley, a tributary of Equisetites sp. is represented only by the Tetori (KIMURA and SEKIDO, MS). several tubers which are so close to those The Akaiwa flora is characterised by from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia in the predominance of ginkgoalean and general outline rather than those from Podozamites leaves like the Oguchi Flora the Oguchi Formation. and is quite different in composition from Birisia onychioides was fomerly re­ the early Early Cretaceous "Ryoseki garded as Coniopteris onychioides. This Flora" and Aptian-Albian floras of the species is widely spread in the Siberian Outer side palaeofloristic province of palaeofloristic province over the Early Japan. Cretaceous except early half of Neo­ It is clear that the Akaiwa Flora existed comian. Cladophlebis shinshuensis origi­ in the Inner side palaeofloristic province nally illustrated by T ATEIW A (1929) from of Japan, but its floral composition be­ the Chin-ju (Shinshu in Japanese) For­ came fairly different from that of the mation, the Nagdong Group (or Kyong­ Oguchi flora as shown below; sang Group) is now identical with this 1) Diversity of ferns was decreased_ Dicksoniaceous species. Adiantites sp. B Only Dicksoniaceous ferns were is represented by incomplete leaf frag­ rather prominent. ments. Onychiopsis elongata is rather 2) Diversity of cycadophytes was poorly represented than abundant in the decreased. Nilssonia leaves were early Early Cretaceous in Japan. In changed in form arid were reduced Siberia, this genus is said to appear since in size. Aptian (V AKHRAMEEV, 1971). 3) Ginkgoes were predominant and Nilssonia cfr. orientalis is represented diverse in form. Ginkgodillm leaves by a single small fragment of N. orientalis were increased in size. Pseudoto­ var. minor type lamina. N. cfr. nip­ rellia species appeared for the first ponensis is also represented by several time. fragments and resembles some specimens 4) Podozamites leaves were also pre­ regarded as N. schmidtii. These cycado­ dominant and diverse in form, and phytes are commonly smaller in size than new type of this genus, such as P_ those from the late Jurassic Kuzuryu angllstifolius appeared. Group and also from the Oguchi For­ 5) Conifers were rather rare as well as mation_ the Oguchi Flora, but the coniferous Ginkgoes are represented by many wood, Xenoxylon latiporosum was isolated leaves which strongly remind us predominant. of Pselldotorellia and by many fragments of Ginkgoites leaves. Podozarnites reinii Except several new types, it is clear is less abundant than in the Oguchi For­ that the species of the Akaiwa Flora are mation_ Podozamites sp. has more longer mostly the descendants or the survivors leaves than the former. from those of the Oguchi Flora. The This flora is quite similar in compo­ palaeobotanical detail of the Akaiwa sition to the rich flora of the Akaiwa Flora will be shown by KIMURA and Formation newly found by the writer in SEKIDO in the near future. 68 Tatsuaki KIMURA in general outline. Cladophlebis cfr. Note on the Aptian pseudolobifolia is similar to some speci­ Tamodani Flora mens regarded as C. pseudolobifolia origi­ nally described by V AKHRAMEEV from the Most of specimens were obtained from Early Cretaceous of Lena basin. Sphen­ two tuff beds as shown in Fig. 2. Among opteris kochibeana is indistinguishable the collection, the following species have from the original specimen described by been identified; Osmundopsis? sp., Glei­ YOKOYAMA as Adiantites kochibeana chenites aff. porsildi, Arctopteris sp., (1889) from Kuwashima of the Oguchi jacutopteris sp., Adiantites sp. A, Clado­ Formation. Recently this species was phlebis cfr. pseudolobifolia, Sphenopteris found from Mongolia (JANICHEN and kochibeana, Sphenobaiera? sp., Pseudo­ KAHLERT, 1972) under its original generic torellia sp., Ginkgodium ? sp., Podozamites name. sp. cfr. P. eichwaldi, Pityophyllum sp. Ginkgo leaves are abundant but not and Conites sp. clearly distinguishable because of ill­ No cycadophyte has been noticed in preservation of material. Podozamites the collection. Ferns are abundant but leaves are represented by such small quite different in composition from those leaves as Podozamites sp. cfr. P. eichwaldi of the Middle Member and also from the which is common to the Early Cretaceous Akaiwa Formation. Osmundopsis? sp. is of Siberia. Pityophyllum sp. is represented close to Osmundopsis efimoviae originally by detached needle-like leaves in crowds. described by SAMYLINA (1964) from the Such leaves are commOn to the Early Early Cretaceous Zyrianka coal basin in Cretaceous of Siberia, too. Conites sp. general appearance of pinnae and is too imperfect to identify. pinnules. jacutopteris sp. has long per­ This flora is quite distinct and new to pendicular pinnules and is quite close to Japan, and is similar to the late Early ]. lenaensis originally described by Cretaceous floras of Arctic region in V ASSILEVSKAJA (1960) from the Early composition. Cretaceous of Lena basin. Arctopteris No common species has been noticed sp. is rather close to A. kolymensis between this flora and the Early Cretace­ SAMYLINA than A. rarinervis SAMYLINA ous floras of th.e Outer side palaeofloristic which was formerly regarded as Clado­ province of the Japanese Islands. The phlebis huttoni in North Alaska (FONTAINE presence of this flora would support the in WARD, 1905; KNOWLTON, 1914; SAMY­ existence of the Inner side palaeofloristic LINA, 1964). province extending to the late Early Gleichenites aff. porsildi is widely Cretaceonus in Japan. known from the Early and Late Cretace­ ous of Arctic region. The present speci­ mens are so similar to this species Systematic Description originally described by SEWARD (1926) in external morphology. Adiantites sp. Equisetales A is close to Adiantites sewardi original­ ly described by Y ABE (1905) from the Genus Equisetites STERNBERG, 1833 Nagdong Group and also to Adiantopteris Equisetites sp. grandis V ACHRAMEEV (1968) from the Early Cretaceous of Southern Primorye PI. 5, fig. 1 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 69 Description of SPecimens: The col­ roundish form in the former and more lection consists of a number of tubers. elongated and irregularly attached to the These are oval, 1.5 cm long, 7 mm wide rhizomes in the latter. and have an irregularly wrinkled surface. It is difficult to identify such tubers as They are attached in opposite pairs to mentioned above, unless they represent slender rhizomes which are only faintly some characteristics. visible. Horizon & Occurrence: C-Tamodani. Remarks: From the early Lower Cre­ Common. taceous Oguchi Formation, YOKOYAMA Depository: TC-9026, TC-9029B-1. (1889) originally described Equisetum ushimarense with circular tubers. They seem to be different from the present Filicales ones in shape. Osmundaceas The writer and SEKIDO (1967) described some tubers together with rhizomes and Genus Osmundopsis HARRIS, 1931 aerial shoots from the same formation as Equisetites ushimarensis (YOKOYAMA) Osmundopsis? sp. OISHI, but they differ from the present PI. 5, figs. 2-5; Fig. 4-1a, b ones in that their apical portion is divided into four lobes (leaves ?) with acuminate Description of SPecimens: Several apices. imperfect sterile pinna fragments and The present tubers are rather close to an ill-preserved fertile pinna fragment those described by Y ABE (1905, p. 43, pI. were examined. Unfortunately the sterile 3, fig. 10) from the early Lower Cre­ and fertile fragments are separate. taceous Nagdong Group, Korea as PI. 5, fig. 2 (TH-029) shows an im­ Equisetum ushimarense, both in external perfect sterile pinna with pinnules which appearance and in form. are triangular in shape, directed for­ Equisetum burejense originally des­ wards, set closely, attached to the pinna cribed by HEER (1876, p. 99, pI. 22, figs. axis with whole base; margins shallowly 5-7) and represented by rhizomes with lobed as shown in PI. 5, fig. 3 (TH -031), tubers which sometimes jointed each but entire in the apical ones; nerves other like beads, is similar in form to rather Sphenopteris-type as shown in the present tubers. Fig. 4-1a than that of Cladophlebis; Some imperfect tubers illustrated by midnerve distinct in the proximal half, V ASSILEVSKAJA and PAVLOV (1963) as sending off secondaries forking once but Equisetites burejensis (HEER) KRYSHTO­ not forking so in apical pinnules. FOVICH (pI. 1, fig. 2) and its variety PI. 6, fig. 4 (TG-Oll) shows an ill­ parvula V ASSILEVSKAJA (pI. 1, fig. 3), preserved penultimate pinna with small both from the Lower Cretaceous of Lena ultimate pinna bearing fertile pinnules. basin, are also similar in form to the Fertile pinnules remotely set; laminae present ones. SAMYLINA (1964) described strongly reduced and bear many circular two types of tubers as Equisetites sp. A sporangia on both sides of supposed (p. 47, pI. 1, figs. 6, 7) and sp. B (p. 48, midnerve as shown in PI. 5, fig. 5 enlarged. pI. 1, figs. 8, 9) from the Lower Cretace­ Preservation is tOO poor to show spo­ ous of Kolyma basin. They are somewhat rangial details. Fig. 4-1b shows the different from the present ones in having lobed margins of pinnules. 70 Tatsuaki KIMURA Remarks: This genus was originally Ultimate pinnae set rather closely, the defined by HARRIS as follows; "sterile distance being 1 cm as shown in PI. 7, leaf bipinnate, a Cladophlebis; fertile leaf fig. 1 (TG-039), long and narrow, nearly trip innate, ultimate branches with no parallel-sided, attached alternately to the lamina, but bearing tufts of pear-shaped slender penultimate pinna axis at an angle sporangia. Wall of apical part of spo­ of 45 degrees, pinna apex unknown. rangium indurated, dehiscence by a long­ Pinnules set closely but not contiguous itudinal stomium. The type species, at base, mostly uniform in size, long and Osmundopsis sturi (RACIBORSKI) is re­ narrow, linear sometimes falcate, 6 mm pesented by fertile pinnae resembling long and 1 mm wide, nearly parallel­ those of Osmunda. The specimens were sided, gradually narrowing towards the named Osmundites but this is essentially bluntly pointed apex, attached to the a genus of stems, and I consider it avail­ pinna axis at wide angle with whole able to make a new genus for the leaves. " bases which are often constricted with It is much probable that both sterile rounded basal corners or sometimes and fertile leaves here described belong strongly decurrent; upper surface mostly to the same plant although they occurred convex, and the lower concave; margin separately. If so, the present specimens entire (PI. 7, fig. 2) or broadly undulated would belong to HARRIS' genus though (PI. 8, fig. 2), often reflexed; nerves the writer was unable to'show the detail indistinct, midnerve persisting to the tip, of the sporangia I character fully. giving off the secondaries which are Horizons & Occurrence: G, H-Tamo­ sparse, directed forwards, mostly once dani. Not rare. forking but sometimes twice. Depository: TG-Oll, TH-002, TH-013, The sori can not be seen directly be­ TH-016, TH-029, TH-031. cause the present specimens are, for the most part, represented by the convex upper surface of laminae. Judging from the depressions on the upper surface of Gleicheniaceae the lamina, they are circular, fairy large, 0.4-0.45 mm across measured on im­ Genus Gleichenites GOEPPERT, 1836 pression, each consisting of 4-6 sporangia Gleichenites aff. porsildi SEWARD with a possible slender central placenta, forming a single row, 3-5 in number on PI. 7, figs. 1-3, 5; PI. 8, fig. 2; Fig. 4-4a, b each side of the mid nerve as partly shown in Fig. 4-4b. Unfortunately the writer Compare: could not get the balsam transfer pre­ 1926. Gleichenites porsildi SEWARD; p. 76, pI. paration because of being little organic 6, figs. 18, 19, 24, 30. material preserved there. 1935. Gleichenites porsildi SEWARD; SEWARD Remarks: There seems to be little and CONWAY, p. 5, pI. 1, fig. 5. evidence to justify to include the present 1956. Cladophlebis (Gleichenites) porsildi SE. specimens in Gleicheniaceae, but their WARD; BELL, p. 63, pI. 14, fig. 4; pI. 19, fig. 4; pI. 21, figs. 2, 3. general appearance as described above would strongly remind us of rather Description of SPecimens: Many pinna Gleicheniaceous affinity than Cyatheace­ fragments were obtained, but they do ous. not show the' size of the whole frond. About 65 Gleichenia species among 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 71 which some one third were instituted by As indicated the present specimens do HEER, have been known, and 24 species not agree fully with SEWARD'S Gleiche­ of them are overlapping with those of nites porsildi and may ultimately be corresponding Gleichenites species of satisfactorily distinguishable, but for the which about 50 in number have been present it seems best to call them known. Besides the above two genera, Gleichenites aff. porsildi. Gleicheniopsis and Gleichenoides with a Horizons & Occurrence: G, H-Tamo­ few species have also been known. dani. Common. According to the result of the writer's Depository: TG-012, TG-024, TG-033, examination of these species described TG-035, TG-037, TG-039, TG-040, TG- by various authors, he found, in the 042, TH-009. secondary nerves strongly directed for­ ward, the arrangement of sori and the Dicksoniaceae outline of pinnules, that the most closest specimens to him were some of those of Genus Birisia SAMYLINA, 1972 Gleichenites porsildi originally established by SEWARD (1926) from the Lower Cre­ Birisia onychioides (V ASSILEVSKAJA, taceous of Greenland and also of Western and KARA-MuRSA) SAMYLINA Canada. The original specimens, however, have PI. 5, figs. 6-9; PI. 6, figs. 1-4; the following features which have not Figs. 4-2a-d been recognizable in the present speci­ 1878. Dicksonia gracilis HEER; p. 13, pI. 3, mens; 1) many "dichotomously forking figs. 8-14. stems" each with a bud or a bud scar 1929. Cladophlebis shinshuensis T ATEiWA; at an angle, occurred in association with pia te, fig. 24. fronds, though whether these stems and 1940. Cladophlebis shinshuensis T ATEiWA; fronds belong to the same plant has not OiSHi, p. 285, pI. 20, figs. 5, 6; pI. 21, been proved, 2) the existence of fronds figs. 5, 5a, 6, 7. with longer pinnules, 2.5-3cm long though 1957. Coniopteris onychioides V ASSiLEVSKAJA & KARA-MuRSA; KRYSHTOFOViCH, p. SEW ARD considered it might be possible to 231, fig. 201. separate them from this species when 1958. Cladophlebis shinshuensis T ATEiWA; more material had been found, 3) longer Ki:VlURA, p. 166, pI. 25, figs. 1, 2; text­ sori, 1.8 mm in diameter, 4) the oc­ fig. 1. currence of another type of fertile 1958. Coniopteris onychioides V ASSiLEVSKAJA pinnules having small depressions or small & KARA-MuRSA; VAKHRAMEEV, p. 77, groups of sporangia above the anadrome pI. 3, fig. 6; pI. 4, figs. 1-3; pI. 5, figs. branch of a secondary nerve as was 1, 2; pI. 6, figs. 3, 4. in his text-fig. 4, 5) the distinction 1963. Coniopteris onychioides VASSiLEVSKAJA between sterile and fertile pinnules is & KARA-MuRSA; VASSiLEVSKAJA & PAVLOV, pI. 11, fig. 3; pI. 19, figs. 5, fairy clear. 6; pI. 31, figs. 6-8, 9a. BELL'S specimens from Western Canada 1964. Coniopteris onychioides V ASSiLEVSKAJA are also comparable with the present & KARA-MuRSA; SAMYLlNA (pars), p. ones in general appearance of pinnules, 60, pI. 8, fig. 2; pI. 9, figs. 1, 3, 5. though BELL'S pinnules are all sterile 1970. Coniopteris onychioides V ASSiLEVSKAJA and are larger than those of the present & KARA-MuRSA; ABRAMOV A, p. 38, pI. ones. 1, figs. 3-5. 72 Tatsuaki KIMURA

1972. Birisia onychioides (V ASSILEVSKAJA & acuminate apex, with entire or shallowly KARA-MuRSA) SAMYLINA; p. 100. lobed margin, set closely, attached to the pinna axis with whole base at an acute Unfortunately the present writer has angle. Midnerve straight, persisting to been unable to have an opportunity to the tip, sending off several simple second­ refer to the original description of this aries at an acute angle. Other pinnules species by VASSILEVSKAJA and KARA­ are long and narrow, nearly parallel­ MURsA (1957) and the subsequent one sided, some reaching about 5 cm long, 4- by V ASSILEVSKAJA (1958). 5 mm wide, then narrowing gradually Description of SPecimens: Fronds are towards the acuminate apex, attached to supposed to be fairly large in size, at the pinna axis at an angle of 45-50 least trip innate ; pinnae and pinnules are degrees. Margin deeply pinnatified, variable in size and form according to segments triangular in form, directed their position on the frond. forwards, acutely pointed at apex, as PI. 6, fig. 1 shows a large proximal ultimate pinna, more than 15 cm long, 5 Fig. 4-1~7. (Unless otherwise referred cm wide at the middle portion, but to, all enlarged twice). 1; Osmundopsis ? abruptly tapering towards the acuminate sp.; 1a: showing triangular pinnules on apex. Apical pinnules small, long and anterior portion of pinna, and nervation narrow, tapering gradually towards the (TH-OZ9). 1b: large pinnules with shallow­ ly lobed margin (TH-031). Z; Birisia onychioides (V ASSILEVSKAJA & KARA­ MURSA) SA,\'IYLINA; Za: showing anterior pinnule with entire margin and nervation (TDY -001). Zb: anterior small pinnule with lobed margin, each lobe has Coniopteris­ type sorus at the tip (TDY-001). Zc: posterior large, long and narrow pinnule with lobed margins (TD-001). Zd: variation of lobes on the large pinnules (x 3) (TD- 001). 3; Arctopteris sp.; showing the shape of pinnule with serrate margins and nerva tion in part ( xl) (TG-019). 4; Gleichenites aff. porsildi SEWARD; 4a: showing the shape of small pinnules with shallowly lobed margins (TG-046). 4b: large pinnules with decurrent bases, and with scars of circular sori (TG-035). 5; Cladophlebis ex gr. denticulata (BRONGNI­ ART) FONTAINE; 5a; showing the outline of pinna and pinnules (x 1) (TDX-001). 5b; nervation (TDX-001). 6; Cladophlebis cfr. pseudolobi/olia V ACHRAMEEV ; 6a: showing circular pinnules and nervation (TH-01Z). 6b; another form of pinnule and nervation (TH-01Z). 7; Sphenopteris kochi­ beana (YOKOYAMA) OISIII; 7a; showing a part of pinna and the outline of pinnules. 7b; nervation (x 4) (TF-007). 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 73

shown in PI. 6, figs. 2, 3 and Figs. 4-2c­ V ASSILEVSKAJA and PAVLOV (1963) and d. Each segment receives one simple ABRAMOVA (1970) from the Lower Cre­ secondary nerve, giving off 2-3 simple taceous of Lena basin, and some of those laterals as shown in Figs. 4-2c. described by SAMYLINA (1964) from the PI. 5, fig. 6 shows an apical portion of Kolyma basin, as Coniopteris onychioides. a delicate penultimate pinna. Ultimate V AKHRAMEEV illustrated seven penulti­ pinnae long and narrow, nearly parallel­ mate pinnae and one ultimate pinna of sided, narrowing gradually towards the various positions on the frond. They are acuminate apex, attached to the slender indistinguishable with the present speci­ penultimate pinna axis at an angle of 30 mens of corresponding position, especially degrees, then bending outwards, set of the fertile ones. though some of the closely, overlapping each other laterally. ultimate pinnae of the former are set Distal pinnules small, triangular in form, more remotely. directed forwards, acutely pointed at VASSILEVSKAJA and PAVLOV illustrated apex, attached to ultimate pinna axis seven specimens. They are also close to with whole base, margin entire. Mid­ the present ones, especially to the fertile nerve faintly preserved but persisting to ultimate pinnae and the long and narrow the tip with 2-3 simple secondaries as pinnatified sterile pinnules, though some shown in Fig. 4-2a. Posterior pinnules of the ultimate pinnae as in their pI. 31, larger than the distal, long and narrow, fig. 6. are set more remotely. Their pI. tapering gradually towards the acute or 31, fig. 8 shows a penultimate pinna with acuminate apex. Margin shallowly lobed, two sterile and four fertile ultimate each lobe receives acutely one secondary pinnae in organic connection. The sterile nerve mostly forking once. Small sori pinnules are long and narrow, deeply are recognizable at the tips of apical pinnatified as those in the present PI. 6, lobes in some reduced pinnules at the fig. 2. The fertile ones are also long and distal portion of ultimate and penultimate narrow, deeply pinnatified and bear the pinnae as shown in Fig. 4-2b. The arrow sori at the tips of reduced segments, 10- in PI. 5, fig. 6 shows a pinnule with such 12 in number on the proximal ones, more sori and fig. 7 shows it enlarged. reduced in number on the apical. It is PI. 6, fig. 4 shows a similar specimen clear that such long and narrow pinnules to the above. Pinnules on the distal also become fertile as well as small and portion of ultimate pinnae are reduced shallowly lobed ones, though this case and bear the sori at the tips of apical has not been recognized in the present lobes. specimens. PI. 5, fig. 8 shows a fertile portion of a In 1972, SAMYLINA instituted the new penultimate pinna. Ultimate pinnae rather genus Birisia to the Dicksoniaceous ferns remotely set because of reduction of with sterile pinnules of Cladophlebidium­ pinnules. Fertile pinnules small. lower type and fertile pinnules of Coniopteris­ ones with 4-7 lobes, upper ones with 1-3, type. She described four species under each lobe bearing a Coniopteris-Iike sorus this new genus among which one was new. at the tip, as shown in PI. 5, fig. 9 SAMYLIMA excluded some of the speci­ enlarged. mens derived from the Kolyma basin, Comparison & Remarks: The present which she (1964) had formerly assigned specimens are very close to the speci­ to Coniopteris onychioides, from Birisia menS described by V AKHRAMEEV (1958), onychioides and included them in her 74 Tatsualci KIMURA

Birisia aculata (1964, p. 60, pI. 8, figs. 3, OISHI (1940) stated that Cladophlebis 4) and Birisia alata (PRYNADA), the type shinshuensis resembled Polypodium ore­ species (ibid., pI. 8, fig. 1; pI. 9, fig. 4). gonense FONTAINE from the Jurassic of The rest (ibid., pI. 8, fig. 2; pI. 9, figs. 1, Oregon, but they are quite different as 3, 5) are close to the present ones. their sori are near the sides of the SAMYLINA (1972, p. 100) included her mid nerve and not marginal. specimen (1964, pI. 9, fig. 2) in Birisia Among other similar looking Early onychioides but its general appearance Cretaceous ferns are Birisia alata would rather recall her B. alata or B. (PRYNADA) SAMYLINA and B. aculata aculata than B. onychioides. At the same SAMYLINA, Cladophlebis alata FONTAINE time, she excluded her pI. 9, fig. 5 from from Alaska and C. alberta (DAWSON) B. onychioides, but so far as her figure BELL from Western Canada. shows, it appears to resemble the long Horizon & Occurrence: D-Tamodani. and narrow, pinnatified sterile pinnules Abundant. of B. onychioides. At any rate, the Depository: TD-0001, TD-0001B, TD­ present writer agrees well with her OOOlD, TDY -001, TDY -002, TDY -004, dealing to establish the new genus for TD-9143, TD-9149, TD-9151, TD-9152, the ferns representing both Cladophlebi­ TD-9159, TD-9174, TD-9174B, TD-9185, dium-type sterile pinnules and Coniopteris­ TD-9192. type sori to separate them from Coni­ opteris. ABRAMOVA (1970) showed two pinna Pteridaceae fragments showing clear nervation, as Coniopteris onychioides, which were also Genus Arctopteris SAMYLINA, 1964 externally very close to the present ones. In 1958, from the same locality, the Arctopteris sp. writer described a fern with Cladophlebi­ PI. 8, fig. 1; Fig. 4-3. dium-type sterile pinnules as Cladophlebis shinshuensis originally illustrated by Description of SPecimen: PI. 8, fig. 1 T ATEIW A from the Lower Cretaceous of shows a single imperfect ultimate pinna Nagdong Group, Korea. Now it is evident only obtained, with several pinnules the writer's Cladophlebis shinshuensis is faintly preserved, none of which showing synonymous with Birisia onychioides be­ complete. cause such Coniopteris-type fertile Pinnules set closely, continuous at base pinnules as described above are re­ each other, long triangular in shape, 1- presented in organic connection with the 1.5 em long, 4 mm wide at base, attached sterile Cladophlebis shinshuensis. by their whole bases to the pinna axis The writer believes that the original with 45 degrees, falcate in their distal specimens of Cladophlebis shinshuensis halves, united at base by a decurrence of and those described by OISHI (1940, pI. their base, margin serrated. Midnerve 20, figs. 5, 6; pI. 21, figs. 6, 7; pI. 21, fig. distinct persisting to the acutely pointed 5 reproduced from one of the original apex. Secondaries faintly preserved but specimens), are also synonymous with Cladophlebis-type, crowded, with an acute Birisia onychioides, though in the Korean angle to the midnerve, once forking near specimens, fertile pinnules have not been the base, basal ones usually forking. found yet. On the lower side of pinnules, one or 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 75 more lateral nerves go off from the with their slightly expanded whole bases, pinna axis as shown in Fig. 4-3. 2.7 mm wide, sickle-shape, narrowing Fructification not known. gradually towards the acutely pointed Remarks: Though the full character apex. Midnerve distinct, strong, straight­ of this fern can not make clear because ly persisting to near the apex, sending of ill-preservation, it is highly probable off the secondaries which are directed that the present specimen belongs to forwards, mostly once forking, but the Arctopteris by representing the character­ basal one twice. Margin shallowly lobed, istic feature of this genus in that some each lobe directed forwards. The upper secondary nerves directly from the pinna surface strongly convex and the margin axis on the lower side of the base of reflexed, so the pinnules appear to set pinnules. remotely except the basal part of pinnules. SAMYLINA (1964) instituted this genus Fructification not known. on the material derived from the Lower Remarks: V ASSILEVSKAJA (1960) insti­ Cretaceous of the Kolyma basin, placed tuted this genus and described Jacut­ it in Pteridaceae based on some well­ opteris lenaensis (p. 63, pI. 1, figs. 1-10; preserved fertile leaves and described pI. 2, figs. 1-9) from the Lower Cretaceous Arctopteris kolymensis, A. rarinervis and of the Lena basin. A. sp. Externally the present specimens She included Cladophlebis huttoni resemble closely the sterile pinnules of FONTAINE from the Lower Cretaceous of Jacutopteris lenaensis originally described Alaska (FONTAINE in WARD, 1905, p. 161, by VASSILEVSKAJA and later by VASSI­ pIs. 41-43; KNOWLTON, 1914, P 48, pI. 6, LEVSKAJA and PAVLOV (1963, pI. 5, fig. fig. 3) into her Arctopteris rarinervis. 1) and VASSILEVSKAJA and ABRAMO VA The present specimen, though frag­ (1966, p. 75, pI. 1, figs. 4, 5), though these mental and also fairly imperfect in pre­ sterile pinnules are all entire and the servation, resembles closely some sterile secondary nerves are more densely leaves of Arctopteris kolymensis in general crowded. aspect. In some of fertile pinnules of Jacut­ HOl'izon & Occurrence: G-Tamodani. opteris ienaensis, margins are shallowly Rare. lobed as was shown in original speci­ Depository: TG-019. mens (pI. 2, figs. 3, 8, 9). It would be probable that the present shallowly lobed Filicaies Incertae Sedis pinnules were just before producing the sori. The writer feels that the present Genus Jacutopteris V ASSILEVSKAJA, 1960 specimens belong to Jacutopteris. Horizon & Occurrence: F-Tamodani. Jacutopteris sp. Rare. PI. 7, fig. 4 Depository: TF-002, TF -005.

Description of SPecimen: Two imper­ Genus Adiantites GOEPPERT, 1836 fect pinna fragments are obtained. PI. 7, fig. 4 shows a part of pinna with Adiantites sp. A pinnules. Pinnules long and narrow, 1.8 PI. 7, fig. 5; PI. 8, fig. 4 cm long, attached to the slender pinna axis at wide angle or perpendicularly Description of SPecimens: Many 76 Tatsuaki KIMURA detached fan-shaped pinnule fragments look like some ginkgoalean leaves, were were obtained_ PI. 7, fig. 5 shows a part examined. PI. 7, fig. 6 shows one of the of some pinnules of which upper margin two pinnae with pinnately arranged apparently crenulated. Nerves numerous, pinnules to the pinna axis, though imper­ fine, uniform, united below at the base, fect. Pinnules triangular to fan-shaped, radially spreading and dichotomously appear to have short petioles. Lateral forking. margins entire, apical margin entire or Pinnules variable both in size and shallowly lobed. Nerves numerous dicho­ form. PI. 8, fig. 4 shows a part of larger tomously forking everywhere, as shown pinnule with deeply crenulated upper in PI. 7, fig. 7 enlarged, the density 20 margin. Fructification not known. per cm at the basal half but twice at the Remarks: Without the pinnule frag­ apical margin. Fructification not known. ment as shown in PI. 7, fig. 5, showing Remarks: The present specimens fan-shaped in outline, dichotomously recall some ginkgoalean leaves but the forking nerves and crenulated upper pinnately arranged pinnules show ap­ margin as is seen in Adiantites sewardi parently their attribution to the fern originally described by Y ABE (1905) both genus Adiantites. from the Lower Cretaceous Nagdong The present specimens resemble in Group and the Oguchi Formation, even form those described as Adiantites the generic assignment could not have yuasensis YOKOYAMA from the Lower made. Cretaceous Ryoseki Group (YOKOYAMA, Depending only on the external re­ 1894, p. 216, pI. 21, fig. 15; OISHI, 1940, semblance to the recent Adiantum, more p. 235, pI. 47, figs. 6-8; pI. 48, fig. 5) and than one hundred species have so far as Adianto pteris yuasensis (YOKOYAMA) been described not only from the Mesozoic KRASSOLOV from the Lower Cretaceous but also from the Palaeozoic strata, but of Southern Primorye (KRASSILOV, 1967, by the later studies, some of them have p. 123, pI. 20, figs. 3-6). But the present been removed to different fern groups. specimens differ from Adiantites yuasensis Unfortunately the present specimens in less lobed apical margin and densely are too imperfect to compare them speci­ crowded nervation in the former. fically. V ASSILEVSKAJA (1963) had pro­ Also comparable specimens with the posed a new generic name Adiantopteris present ones are those described as instead which has since been followed Adiantites toyoraensis OISHI from the by Russian palaeobotanists. Upper Jurassic Kiyosue Group and the Horizons & Occurrence: G, H-Tamo­ Lower Cretaceous Ryoseki Group (OISHI dani. Common. 1940. p. 235, pI. 7, figs. 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a) and Depository: TG-004, TG-005, TG-008, recently from Mongolia (jANICHEN and TG-009, TG-020, TG-036, TH-009, TH- KAI-ILERT, 1972, p. 967, pI. 2, figs. 1, 2). 010. But Adiantites toyoraensis differs from the present ones in that the pinnules are semicircular in shape. Adiantites sp. B More similar specimens to the present PI. 7, figs. 6, 7 ones are those illustrated by V ASSILEV­ SKAJA and PAVLOV as Adiantites poly­ Description of Specimens: Several morpha VASSILEVSKAJA from the Lower pinna fragments with pinnules which Cretaceous of the Lena basin (1963, pI. 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 77

33, figs. 4-6) and as Adiantopteris gracilis 1929. Onychiopsis mantelli (BRONGNIART) (VASSILEVSKAJA) V ASSILEVSKAJA also NATHoRsT; TATEIWA, plate, fig. 7. from the Lena basin (Ibid., pI. 19, fig. 9 ; 1931. Onychiopsis psilotoides (STOKES & V ASSILEVSKAJA, 1966, p. 53, pI. 1, fig. 4). WEBB) WARD; OISHI, p. 4, pI. I, figs. Adiantites sp. A described here, would 6-10. 1935. Sphenopteris (Onychiopsis) elongata be rather close to Adiantites sewardi and (GEYLER) OISHI; p. 83, pI. 6, fig. 2. to Adiantopteris grandis originally des­ 1940. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ cribed by V AKHRAMEEV (1968, p. 13, pI. YAMA; OISHI, p. 228, pI. 6; pI. 7, fig. 7. 4, figs. 2-4). 1958. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ Horizons & Occurrence: C, D-Tamo­ Y AMA; KIMURA, p. 14. dani. Common. 1958. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ Depository: TC-9019B, TDX-006, Y AMA; V AKHRAMEEV, p. 72, pI. I, figs. TDX-007, TDX-007B. 4-6; pI. 2, fig. 4. 1960. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ Y AMA; NISHIDA, p. 190, pI. I, fig. 4. Genus Onychiopsis YOKOYAMA, 1889 1963. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ YA:'vIA; SAMYLINA, p. 74, pI. 3, fig. 4. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) 1963. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ YOKOYAMA YAMA; VASSILEVSKAJA & PAVLOV, pI. 31, figs. 3, 4, 9b. PI. 6, figs. 6, 7 Description of SPecimens: Several ul­ 1877. Thyrsopteris elongata GEYLER; p. 224, pI. 30, fig. 5; pI. 31, figs. 4-5. timate pinna fragments referable to this 1877. ? Adiantites GEYLER; p. 225, pI. 30, well-known species were obtained, two figs. 2b, 3. of which were shown in PI. 6, figs. 6, 7. 1877. Sphenopteris gaepperti DUNKER (pars); A more detailed description of this spe­ SCHENK, p. 210, pI. 30, figs. 2, 2a. cies based on good fertile and sterile 1883. Thyrsopteris elongata GEYLER; SCHENK, material will be given by the writer in p. 263, pI. 54, fig. 1. the near future. 1889. Dicksonia gracilis YOKOYAMA; p. 24, Rema/"ks: In Japan, this species has pI. 1, figs. 5, 5a; pI. 12, fig. 13. been known from the Nishi-Nakayama 1889. Dicksonia acutiloba YOKOYAMA; p. 24, Formation, Yamaguchi Prefecture re­ pI. 1, figs. Ib, 2, 2b. 1889. Onychiopsis elongata YOKOYAMA; p. 27, garded as late Liassic to the Albian pI. 2, figs. 1-3, 4a-c. Yatsushiro Formation, Kumamoto Pre­ 1890. Onychiopsis elongata YOKOYAMA; NA­ fecture. According to V AKHRAMEEV THORST, pp. 4, 8, 10, 11, pI. 5, fig. 3; (1971), this genus has not been recorded p. 12, pI. 2, fig. 6; pp. 13, 14, pI. 6, in the Neocomian beds of Siberia and fi. 5. has penetrated into the Siberian area in 1894. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ Aptian, though its occurrence is scarce. YAMA; SEWARD, p. 59, pI. 2, fig. 2. This species is one of the most abun­ 1894. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ dant elements both of the Early Neo­ Y AMA; p. 215, pI. 20, fig. 8; pI. 21, com ian Ryoseki and Oguchi Floras. De­ figs. I, 4. pending only on the sterile material, it 1905. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ Y AMA; Y ABE, p. 22, pI. 1, figs. 9-14; is fairely difficult or impossible to dis­ pI. 3, fig. 15. tinguish this species from Onychiopsis 1913. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKO­ psilotoides (STOKES and WEBB) WARD YAMA; YABE, p. 3, pI. 1, figs. 1-5. and O. mantelli (BRONGNIART) NATHORST 78 Tatsuaki KIMURA and their allies widely known from the dichotomously once forking secondaries. Lower Cretaceous of both hemispheres. This specimen somewhat differs from the In the case of small fragments, this former specimen in the form of pinnules, species is also indistinguishable from but it is difficult to draw a sharp border those of Birisia onychioides. between both specimens here described. Horizons & Occurrence: C, D-Tamo­ Fructification not known. dani. Not rare. Remarks: Bipinnate steril fronds with Depository: TC-9028, TC-9029B, TDX- pinnules which are triangular in shape, 002, TD-9017. falcate, with once forking secondaries, have often been included Cladophlebis denticulata. Moreover very similar leaves Genus Cladophlebis BRONGNIART, 1849 have been named Cladophlebis argutula Cladophlebis ex gr. denticulata (HEER) FONTAINE, C. frigida (HEER) SEWARD, C. vaccensis WARD, C. william­ (BRONGNIART) FONTAINE soni (BRONGNIART) BRONGNIART, Pecop­ PI. 5, fig. 11; PI. 6, fig. 5; teris atyrkanensis HEER, etc. Figs. 4-5a-b Regarding sterile fern fronds, their classification now results in confusion 1890. Cladophlebis sp. NATHORST; p. 4, pI. which seems to be a matter of course. 1, figs. 1-3, Having nothing to do more about the Description of SPecimens: PI. 5, fig. 11 present specimens, so far the time being shows an imperfect pinna fragment, the writer is obliged to refer it to com­ which is lanceolate in outline, more than prehensive species Cladophlebis, denti­ 4 cm long, 1.5 cm wide at the widest culata, though the specimens described portion. Pinnules arranged catadromic under this specific name are fairly vari­ in order, variable in shape according to able in general outline of pinnae and pin­ their position on pinna, triangular in nules owing to their ages and localities. form, falcate. Margin entire, upper mar­ Externally one of the present speci­ gin concave or straight, lower margin mens (PI. 5, fig. 11) resembles very closely strongly convex, attached to the rachis those described by NAT HORST from the by their whole base, continuous each Lower Cretaceous Ryoseki Group, Kochi other at base. Midnerve distinct persist­ Prefecture as Cladophlebis sp., and later ing to the tip, secondaries faintly pre­ referred to Cladophlebis denticulata by served, sparse, once forking on their way OISHI (1940). as shown in Figs. 4-5a and 5b. The Horizons & Occurrence: D, G-Tamo­ lowest one on catadromic side, is ex­ dani. Not rare. tremely smaller in size, its midnerve Depository: TDX-OOl, TG-001. originates from the joint of pinna axis. The lower ones smaller in size, getting Cladophlebis dr. pseudolobifolia Iarger towards the middle part of pinna, then reducing the size again gradually VACHRAMEEV towards the pinna apex. PI. 5, fig. 12; PI. 8, fig. 3; PI. 6, fig. 5 derived from the upper Figs. 6a-b horizon shows a pinna fragment with broader pinnules. Midnerve faintly pre­ Compare: served but persisting to the, tip with 1958. Cladophlebis pseudolobi/olia VACHRA- 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 79

/,IEEV; p. 95, pI. 16, figs. 1-3; pI. 17, (LEBEDEV) RASSKAZOV A and LEBEDEV figs. 2, 3. from the Lower Cretaceous of Bureja V ACHRA­ 1963. Cladophlebis pseudolobi/olia basin and the Aldan river area respec­ MEEV; SAMYLINA, p. 78, pI. 7, figs. 1- tively, but our material is too poor for 4a; pI. 20, fig. 8a. satisfactory comparison. Description of SPecimens: Frond un­ Horizons & Occurrence: G, H-Tamo­ known in size, at least bipinnate. Pinnae dani. Common. 8 mm wide, nearly parallel-sided, set Depository: TG-006, TH-OOl, TH-007, closely, overlapping each other laterally; TH-008, TH-016, TH-023, TH-025, TH- pinnules variable in form. probably due 026, TH-028, TH-035. to their position on pinna, semicircular. finger-shape, rhombic or rhomboidal, 3.5 Genus Sphenopteris (BRONGNIART) mm long and 3 mm wide at the middle portion, nearly perpendicular to the pinna STERNBERG. 1825 axis, 1 mm across, with contracted base, Sphenopteris kochibeana sometimes slightly directed forward, mar­ gin entire mostly with rounded apex; (YOKOY AMA) OISHI midnerve distinct at lower half but ra­ PI. 5, fig. 10; Fig. 4-7a-b dially branching at upper half of pinnule, secondaries dichotomously forking twice. 1889. Adiantites kochibeanus YOKOYAMA; r. Figs. 4-6a and 6b redrawn from the 29, pI. 1, figs. 7, 7a. imperfect pinna fragment shown in PI. 8, 1940. Sphenopteris kochibeana (YOKOYAMA) OISHI; p. 242. fig. 3 show various forms of pinnules; 1972. Adiantites kochibeanus YOKOYAl\IA; semicircular in Fig. 4-6a, and larger one JANICIIEN & KAIILERT, p. 966, pI. 1, with contracted base in Fig. 4-6b. figs. 1, 4; pI. 4, fig. 2; text-fig. 1. PI. 5, fig. 12 shows two rows of pinnae on which finger-shape pinnules are set Description of SPecimen: Judging from perpendicularly to the pinna axis. Fruc­ a single fragment of frond as shown in tification not known. PI. 5, fig. 10, frond probably tripinnate. Remarks: In external morphology and Ultimate pinnae lanceolate in outline, nervation of pinnules, the present speci­ slightly falcate, 2.2 cm long, 8 mm wide mens are close to those originally de­ measured at the middle portion, set scribed by V AKHRAMEEV from the Lower closely together, overlapping each other Cretaceous of Lena basin as Cladophlebis laterally, attached to the delicate pen­ pseudolobifolia, and followed by SAMY­ ultimate pinna axis at an angle of 40 LINA also from the Lower Cretaceous of degrees. Pinnules rhombic or rhomboidal the Aldan river area. In Siberian speci­ in outline, directed forwards, margin mens, pinnules are not so constricted mostly entire but upper halves often at base, and between the secondaries, shallowly lobed or coarsely serrated; laminae are reduced in width at the nerves faintly preserved, but the writer margin, so the present specimens would was able to detect traces of the typical not be fully in accordance with Clado­ Sphenopteris-type. Figs. 4-7a and 7b phlebis pseudolobifolia. show the outline of pinnules and ner­ Other rather similar leaves are Lobi­ vation respectively. folia novopokrovskii (PRYNADA) RASSKA­ Remarks: The present specimen is ZOVA and LEBEDEV and L. ajakensis referable to that originally described by 80 Tatsuaki KIMURA

YOKOYAMA as Adiantites kochibeanus lower margin strongly convex; nerves from the Oguchi Formation of Kuwa­ simple, parallel, nearly perpendicular to shima, in the delicate habit of frond, the rachis, 3 per mm in density. outline of pinnules and the nervation, Remarks: Among numerous Nilssonia though according to YOKOYAMA margins species, comparable with the present were said to be entire. specimens are the following ones which Comparable specimens with the present have laminae irregularly dissected into one are those described by SAMYLINA triangular segments; Nilssonia acuminata (1964, p. 70, pI. 2, fig. 1; pI. 11, figs. 4-6) (PRESL) GOEPPERT, N. acutiloba (HEER) as Sphenopteris sp. from the Lower PRYNADA, N. compta (PHILLIPS) BONN, Cretaceous of the Kolyma river area, but N. cOlnptula HEER, N. curvifolia JACOB they differ from the present one in and SHUKLA, N. glossinervis PRYNADA, having more pinnatified pinnules in N. kendalli HARRIS, N. magnifolia SAMY­ proximal portion of pinnae and longer LINA, N. nipponensis YOKOYAMA, N. poly­ pinnae than the latter. morpha SCHENK, N. prinadai V ACHRA­ Sphenopteris acrodentata FONTAINE MEEV, N. schaumburgensis (DUNKER) described by BELL (1956, p. 68, pI. 22, NATHORST, N. schmidtii (HEER) SEWARD, figs. 4, 6; pI. 23, fig. 2) is another com­ N. serotina HEER and N. sp. LEBEDEV parable one, but it differs from the pre­ (1965, p. 93, pI. 24, figs. 2-4). sent one in representing rather roundish Depending only on external appearance, pinnules. the present specimens resemble closely It is highly probable that the present Nilssonia nipponensis which abundantly specimen would represent the sterile pin­ occurs from the Oguchi Formation and nae of such a fern as Coniopteris nym­ the Kuzuryu Group in the Tetori basin, pharun (HEER) VACHRAMEEV. though it is fairly difficult to distinguish Horizon & Occurrence: F -Tamodani. between N. nipponensis and N. serotina. Rare. The present specimens as well as being Depository: TF -007. imperfect, are smaller in size than those described from the Oguchi Formation Nilssoniales and the Kuzuryu Group, so the writer hesitates to refer them to YOKOYAMA'S Genus Nilssonia BRONGNIART, 1825 species. Horizons & Occurrence: C, D-Tamo­ Nilssonia sp. cfr. N. nipponensis dani. Not rare. YOKOYAMA Depository: TC-9205, TD-9017.

PI. 7, fig. 9

Description of SPecimens: Several Nilssonia cfr. orientalis HEER imperfect fragments were obtained. PI. 7, fig. 8 Laminae apparently cover the upper sur­ face of rachis. PI. 7. fig. 9 shows the Description of SPecimens: PI. 7, fig. 8 basal part of lamina, though the petiole shows apparently an apical portion of is missing; lamina irregularly segmented, lamina showing a notch as usual in most each segment triangular in shape, rather of Nilssonia leaves; nerves simple, par­ small in size, continuous at base, upper allel, 2-3 per mm in density, making a margin nearly straight or concave, but wide angle to the rachis. 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 81

Another specimen not illustrated here PI. 8, fig. 8 shows a Nilssonia lamina which cover~ the· upper surface of rachis, but unfor­ Description of SPecimens: Many de­ tunately both ends and also both margins tached leaf fragments were obtained. are missing. Lamina appears to be thin Leaves long and narrow, ribbon-like, in texture, not segmented but entire; tapering gradually towards the base; nerves simple, parallel, perpendicular upper surface of lamina sometimes con­ to the rachis, 2 per mm in density. vex as shown in PI. 8, fig. 8; nerves Remarks: Among numerous Nilssonia parallel through the most part of lamina species hitherto described, comparable but dichotomously forking near the base, with the present specimens are following 20 per cm in density. PI. 8, fig. 8 shows species which have perfectly entire or two leaves which seem to converge below mostly entire laminae over leaves; Nil­ the broken end. ssonia canadensis BELL, N. grossoformis Remarks: There is no favourable MA TSUO, N. inouei YOKOYAMA, N. ori­ proof to assign the present specimens to entalis HEER, N. orientalis HEER var. Sphenobaiera, though their general ap­ minor FONTAINE, N. ozoana YOKOYAMA, pearance recall such leaves as those of N. revoluta HARRIS, N. saighanensis Sphenobaiera longifolia (POMEL) FLORIN SEWARD, N. simplex OISHI, N. taeniop­ known from the Lower Cretaceous of teroides (HALLE) var. bifurcata PROSVIR­ the Lena basin and the Kolyma river JAKOVA, N. tenuinervis SEWARD, N. tho­ area. masi HARRIS, N. vittaefonnis PRYNADA, Horizons & Occurrence: G, H-Tamo­ N. sp. HARRIS (1964, p. 39, text-fig. 16), dani. Common. N. sp. PROSVIRJAKOVA (1966, p. 97, pI. Depository: TG-007, TH-014, TH-022, 19, figs. 1-2), etc. TH-027. It is very difficult or impossible to refer such imperfect specimens as the Genus Pseudotorellia FLORIN, 1936 present ones to known species depending only on external appearance, unless they Pseudotorellia sp. have some characteristic features. Under PI. 8, figs. 5, 6 such circumstances, the attribution to the present ones is not expected, but it Description of SPecimens: Many de­ would be true that they are very close tached leaves were obtained. Leaves to those described by YOKOYAMA, from spatula-shape, 3.5 cm long, 0.7 cm wide the Oguchi Formation as Nilssonia ori­ at the widest portion near the apex as entalis (1889, p. 40, pI. 14, figs. 4-9). shown in PI. 8, fig. 5; nerves 25 per cm Horizon & Occurrence: D-Tamodani. in density, often dichotomously forking Rare. at the basal part as shown in PI. 8, fig. 6. Depository: TDX-005, TDX-008A. Remar/?s: The present specimens TDX-008B. agree well with the form definition given by FLORIN (1936, p. 142). Among 14 Pseudolorellia species hitherto described, Ginkgoales the present specimens agree in form with some of those described by V AKHRAMEEV Genus Sphenobaiera FLORIN, 1936 and DOLUDENKO as Pseudotorellia crassi­ Sphenobaiera? sp. folia (PRYNADA) DOLUDENKO (1961, p. 82 Tatsuaki KIMURA

114, pI. 56, figs. 4, 5) from the Jurasso­ Remarks: The present specimen is too Cretaceous of the Bureja basin. imperfect to refer to the specifically identi­ Later according to LUNDBLAD (1968, fied ginkgoalean species, but externally p. 190), it was said that this species it resembles such leaves as those of without showing cuticles should be ex­ Ginl

Genus Ginkgoites SEWARD, 1919 Genus Podozamites BRAUN, 1843

Ginkgoites sp. Podozamites reinii GEYLER

PI. 8, fig. 9 PI. 7, fig. 10

Description of SPecimen: PI. 8, fig. 9 1877. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; p. 229, pI. shows a deeply segmented ginkgoalean 33, fig. 4a; pI. 34, figs. 1, 2, 3b, 4, 5a. 1889. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; YOKOYAMA, leaf fragment of which four irregular p. 50, pI. 3, figs. 6a-c; pI. 4, figs. Ib, segments are represented and one is now 3b; pI. 6, figs. 2, 3b-d, 4-7, 8a-d; pI. buried in the matrix. Segments various 9, fig. 12a; pI. 12, fig. 4. in width, more than 5 cm long; nerves 1905. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; Y ABE, p. coarse, 20 per cm in density, dichotom­ 16, PI. 4, fig. 6. ously forking at basal third. 1929. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; TATEIWA, 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 83 plate, fig. 11. Works of A. N. KRYSHTOFOVICH", vol. 1940. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; OISHI, p. 2, 1962, p. 164, pI. 2, fig. 6). This species 408, pI. 44, figs. 1-3. resembles closely P. reinii in general 1957. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; KRYSI-ITO· form, but smaller in size, 1.5 cm long and FOVICI-I, p. 357, figs. 351-2. 8 mm wide at the widest portion. The 1963. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; V ASSILEV­ writer has not encountered such a small SKAJA & PAVLOV, pI. 28, fig. 2. 1966. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; V ASSILEV­ specimen in his good collection. SKAJA, p. 68, pI. 6, figs. 3, 4. V ASSILEVSKAJA stated the occurrence 1967. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; KIMURA & of Podozamites reinii from the Nikanian SEKIDO, p. 417, pI. 2, fig. 2; pI. 3, fig. 3. Series (1966, p. 69), but KRASSILOV 1967. Podozamites reinii GEYLER; SAMYLINA, adopted P. subreinii in his voluminous p. 152, pI. 8, fig. 9a. description of the Lower Cretaceous flora of Southern Primorye (1967, p. 51). Comparison & Remarks: KIMURA and Accordingly the writer is now not sure SEKIDO (1967) made the measurement on of the exact information on the occurrence many leaves of this species obtained of Podozamites l'einii from the Lower from the Oguchi Formation, making it Cretaceous of Southern Primorye. clear that this species showed consider­ The writer has also learned the oc­ able variation in the form of leaves (p. currence of this species from the Lower 418, fig. 2). Cretaceous of the West Siberia Lowland, Adding the formerly known occurrence but unfortunately having not been acqu­ from the Oguchi Formation and the ainted with the work by KIRICHKOVA and Nagdong Group, this species has recently TESLENKO (1962), the writer could not been known from the Upper N eocomian refer to it. Akaiwa Group (KIMURA and SEKIDO, MS) This species showing wide variation in and the Lower Cretaceous of both the the size and the form of leaves, it is Lena basin and the Kolyma river area often difficult to distinguish it externally (VASSILEVSKAJA and PAVLOV, 1963; from similar species as described below. V ASSILEVSKAJA, 1966; SAMYLINA, 1967). Podozamites eichwaldii SCHIMPER illus­ According to V AKHRAMEEV (1971, p. 82, trated by V ASSILEVSKAJA and PAVLOV table 1), this species is a member of (1963, pI. 27, fig. 4; pI. 28, fig. 3; pI. 30, Aptian-Albian floras in the Lena and the fig. la) from the Lower Cretaceous of Amur palaeofioristic subprovinces and has Lena basin, has long oval leaves, 5.5 cm not yet been recorded from the Neocomian long, 1.6 cm wide. Such leaves being of Siberia. constantly more slender in habit than Podozamites dr. reinii described by those of Podozamites rein ii, Podozamites LEBEDEV (1965, p. 126, pI. 24, fig. 6) from eichwaldii appears to be distinct from the Lower Cretaceous of the Zeia river the former. area, though it was a single imperfect Podozamites issykkulensis originally specimen, is externally indistinguishable described by GENKINA (1966, p. 112, pI. from the original specimens described by 56, figs. 6-10; pI. 57, fig. 1) from the GEYLER. Older Mesozoic of Issyk-Kul basin, would Based on a single leaf, KRYSHTOFOVICH be similar in form to P. reinii, but the and PRYNADA (1932) described Podoza­ former is different from the latter in mites subreinii from the Nikanian Series, that the nerves are not astringent at Southern Primorye (in the "Selected the pointed apex in the former. 84 Tatsuaki KIMURA Podozamites latifolius HEER illustrated reinii, and the wood Xenoxylon latiporo­ by V ASSILEVSKAJA and PAVLOV (pi. 29, sum (CRAMER) GOTHAN. As was men­ fig. 2B; pi. 30, fig. 1B) from the Lower tioned by KIMURA and SEKIDO (1967), Cretaceous of Lena basin and by LEBEDEV the writer found a thick stem sending (1965, p. 124, pi. 32, figs. 1-3; pi. 33; pi. off several shoots with leaves which were 34, fig. 5) from the Lower Cretaceous of referable to Podozamites reinii, from the the Zeia river area, is similar in form Oguchi Formation, but unfortunately its to P. rein ii, but P. latifolius has leaves anatomy could not be made out because which taper in their upper half. of ill-preservation. The general appearance of leaves in DELLE (1967) described the Middle both P. issykkulensis and P. latifolius Jurassic flora from Tkvarchelian coal reminds us of those of P. griesbachi origi· basin, Transcaucasia with the description nally described by SEWARD (1912, p. 36, of Xenoxylon latiporosum, but this flora pi. 4, fig. 58; pi. 6, fig. 79) from the did not contain such Podozamites leaves Jurassic of Afghanistan and by OISHI as P. reinii or its allies but P. dr. lan­ (1932, p. 12, pi. 3, fig. 12) from the Older ceolatus. Mesozoic of Maizuru coal-field, Japan. Horizons & Occurrence: D, E-Tamo­ V ASSILEVSKAJA and PAVLOV (1963) dani, C-Hayashidani. Common. illustrated more three Podozamites species Depository: TD--9032, TD-9170, TD- from the Lower Cretaceous of Lena basin 9163, TDX-010, TDX-Oll, TDX-012, TE- as follows; Podozamites olenekensis V AS­ 9032, HC-9009, HC-9010. SILEVSKAJA (pi. 30, fig. 3) has long oval leaves, 8.5 cm long, 2.7 cm wide, which, in the ratio of L/W, are similar td those Podozamites sp. dr. P. eichwaldii of P. eichwaldii mentioned above; Podo­ zamites ovalifolius V ASSILEVSKAJA (pi. SCHIMPER 16, figs. 6, 7) has extraordinally small PI. 8, fig. 10 leaves, 1.3 cm long and 7 mm wide, which resemble closely that of P. subreinii; Description of SPecimens: Several Three imperfect large leaves were illus­ long oval-shaped leaf fragments as shown trated under the specific name of Podo­ in Plate 8, fig. 10, were examined. zamites striatus VELENOVSKY (pi. 29, figs. Laminae 3-3.5 em long or more, 0.8-1 cm 1, 2), which are almost indistinguishable wide measured at the middle portion; externally from those of P. reinii. both ends ronuded; nerves simple, Though the above mentioned species parallel, crowded, converging to both have all been established depending only ends, 60 per cm in density. on their external morphology, it should Remarks: The present specimens dif­ be noted that oval or long-oval Podozamites fer from those of Podozamites reinii in leaves as P. reinii and its allies, occur representing smaller and more longer not only from the Lower Cretaceous leaves than the latter. Oguchi and Akaiwa Formations and The present specimens strongly recall Nagdong Group, but also from the coeval those of Podozamites eichwaldii known of both the Lena and the Amur palaeo­ from the Upper Jurassic to the Lower floristic provinces, Siberia. Cretaceous of Spitzbergen, East Siberia, KOBA YASHI (1951) mentioned the closely Mongolia, Northeast China and Alaska. associated occurrence of Podozamites Horizon & Occurrence: H-Tamodani. 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 85 Common. Western Canada and Eastern Siberia by Depository: TH·004, TH-020. variou3 authors, is intermediate, 3-6 mm wide. Coniferales More narrow, 1.5-2.5 mm are both Pityophyllum angustifolium (NATHORST) Genus Pityophyllum NATHORST, 1897 MOLLER from the Upper Triassic or the Lower Jurassic of Sweden and Issyk-Kul Pityophyllum sp. basin (NATHORST, 1878; MOLLER, 1903; PI. 7, fig. 11; PI. 8, fig. 11 JOHANSSON, 1922; GENKINA, 1966), and Pityophyllum staratschini (HEER) NA­ Description of Specimens: Many de­ THORST from the Lower Jurassic of tached coniferous leaves as shown in Sweden and the Lower Cretaceous of PI. 8, fig. 11 were obtained. They are Eastern Siberia (NATHORST, 1897; SAMY­ all imperfect fragments, elongate-lanceo­ LINA, 1967). The above mentioned species late in outline, linear or sickle-shaped, are different in width from the present unknown in length and 1.9 mm in width, specimens which are constant in the tapering gradually towards an acuminate maximum width, 1.9 mm. end but the other end is semicircular in Pityophyllum longifolium (NATHORST) form as shown in PI. 7, fig. 11. Mid­ MOLLER, from the Upper Triassic and nerves are faintly preserved. Other indi­ the Lower Jurassic of Sweden and Japan cations of, transversely wrinkled lamina, (NATHORST, 1876, 1878; BARTHOLIN, 1894; two marginal veins and longitudinal MOLLER, 1903; OISHI, 1931, 1932, 1935; striations marking the position of row OISHI and TAKAHASHI, 1936) and from of stomata as stated by SEWARD (1919, the Lower Cretaceous of Western Canada p. 381), were not recognized. (BELL, 1956), is also a narrow type, but Remarks: The generic term Pityo­ it differs from the present specimens in phyllum has been employed for detached, that the fomer leaves are extremely long and narrow, coniferous leaves, and long, hence the specific name. has been known from the Upper Triassic So far as the width is concerned, the to the Cretaceous, but some of which most comparable species might be Pityo­ have been confused with the leaves of phyllum lindstromi NATHORST, of which Neocalamites. laminae are 1-2 mm wide, described from So far as the writer knows, six species the Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous of of Pityophyllum have been described. Spitzbergen, Amur, Eastern Siberia They are separated mainly by the width (NATHORST, 1897; KRYSHTOFOVICH,1910, of lamina. The widest is, as the specific 1914, 1915; SAMYLINA, 1963; V ASSILEVS­ name indicates, Pityophyllum latifolium KAJA, 1966), but it differs also in general TURTANovA-KETovA from the Upper outline of leaves from the present speci­ Triassic of Issyk-Kul basin (TuRTANovA­ mens which are more shorter in length KETOVA, 1960; GENKINA, 1966), reaching and elongate-lanceolate in form. 6 mm wide. Pityophyllum nordenskioldi The detached leaves described by (HEER) NA THORST, which has been de­ YOKOYAMA (1889, p. 63, pI. 9, fig. 12b) scribed from the Upper Triassic or the under the name of Pinus nordenskioldi Lower Jurassic to the Lewer Cretaceous HEER, from the Oguchi Formation of of Spitzbergen, Sweden, Issyk-Kul basin Kuwashima, is indistinguishable from the and its environs, Northeastern China, present specimens. 86 Tatsuaki KIMURA

Though NATHORST (1897) and SEWARD (1919) considered that such detached References narrow coniferous leaves as above men­ ABRAMOVA, L. N. (1970): Early Cretaceous tioned, have no real botanical value, it is flora from Zygansk and the adjacent noted that the narrower form of Pityo­ area of the Lena basin. Paleont. Biostr., phyllum are characteristic in the Lower 29, p. 36-57, 10 pIs. (in Russian). Cretaceous time of Eastern Siberia and ALVIN, K. L. (1968) The spore-bearing organs the Tetori basin. of the Cretaceous fern Weichselia. J. Horizon & Occurrence: H-Tamodani. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 61, p. 87-92. Common. -- (1971): Weichselia reticulata (STOKES Depository: TH-018, TH-021, TH-034. & WEBB) FONTAINE from the Wealden of Belgium. Mem. Inst. roy. Sci. nat. Specimens are all deposited at the Belgique, No. 166, p. 1-33, 9 pIs. Department of Astronomy and Earth ARCHANGELSKY, S. & BALDONI, A. (1972); Revision de las Bennettitales de la Sciences, Tokyo Gakugei University. Formacion Baquero (Cretacico Inferior), Regarding the registered number of the Provincia de Santa Cruz. 1. Hojas. Rev. depository, the first letter T indicates Museo de La Plata, N. S., Torno 7, p. the Tamodani valley and H the Hayashi­ 195-265, 16 pIs. dani valley, and the second letter strati­ BELL, W. A. (1956): Lower Cretaceous graphical horizon yielding fossils collated floras of Western Canada. Ceo!. Surv. to that in Fig. 2. Canada, Mem. 285, p. 1-153, 85 pIs. BOSE, M. N. (1957): Some fragmentary plant fossils from Marsinghpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist, 6(2), p. 49-50, 1 pI.

Explanation of Plate 5

Fig. 1. Equisetites sp. Two tubers oppositely disposed and nearly perpendicular to a slender rhizome buried in the rock matrix. x 2, TC-9026. Figs. 2-5. Osmundopsis? sp. 2. An imperfect pinna with triangular pinnules. x 2, TH-029. 3. An imperfect pinna, pinnules with shallowly lobed margins. x 2, TH-031. 4. Showing a part of fertile frond; A: rachis, B: a pinna with small fertile pinnules. xl, TG-Oll. 5. Fertile pinnules enlarged from Fig. 4B, x 3. Figs. 6-9. Birisia onychioides (VASSILEVSKAJA & KARA-MuRsA) SAMYLINA 6. Apical portion of a penultimate pinnae. x 1,TOY-001. 7. Enlarged from portion indicated by arrow in Fig. 6, showing lobed laminae with small sori at the tips of lobes. x 4. 8. Fertile part on the apical portion of a penultimate pinna. x 2, TO-9174B. 9. Enlarged from the lowest pinna in Fig. 8. x 6. Fig. 10. Sphenopteris kochibeana (YOKOYAMA) OISHI Showing an imperfect frond with two pinnae; A: the apex of pinna, B: slender rachis. x 2, TF-007. Fig. 11. Cladophlebis ex gr. denticulata (BRONGNIART) FONTAINE Showing an imperfect pinna fragment. xl, TOX-OOL Fig. 12. Cladophlebis efr. pseudolobi/olia V ACHRAMEEV Showing the shape of pinnules." x 4, TH-026. K IMURA: Early Cretaceous plants from Fukui Plate 5 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 87

-- (1959): Occurrence of two character­ Scoresby Sound, East Greenland. I. istic Wealden ferns in the Jabalpur Cryptogams (exclusive of Lycopodiales). Series. Nature, 183, p. 130-131. Medd. Crtjmland, Kjobenhavn, 85, 2, p. 1- -- and SUKH DEv (1958): Studies of the 104, 18 pis. fossil flora of the Jabalpur Series from -- (1964): The Yorkshire Jurassic flora. the South Rewa, Gondwana basin, I. II. Caytoniales, Cycadales and Pterido­ Cycadopteris, Nipaniophyllum and Cink­ sperms. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, goites. Palaeobotanist, 7(2), p. 143-154, p. 1-185, 7 pis. 3 pis. -- (1969): Ibid., III. Bennettitales. Ibid., -- and KAsAT, M. L. (1972): The Genus p. 1-186, 7 pis. Ptilophyllum in India. Palaeobotanist, 19 HASE, A. (1960): The Late Mesozoic for­ (2), p. 115-145, 14 pis. mations and their molluscan fossils in BOWER, F. O. (1961): Botany of the living West Chugoku and North Kyushu, Japan. plant (Fourth Edition). London Mac­ j. Sci., Hiroshima Univ., Ser. C, Vol. 3, Millan & Co., p. ix+I-699. No.2, p. 281-342, 5 pis. DABER, R. (1968): A Weichselia-Stiehleria­ HEER, O. (1874): Die Kreide-Flora der Matoniaceae community within the arctischen Zone. K. svenska Vetensk.­ Quedlinburg Estuary of Lower Cretace­ Akad. Handl., Stockholm, Bd. 12, No.6, ous age. j. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 61, (384), p. 1-138, 38 pis. p. 75-85. -- (1876): Beitriige zur Jura-Flora Ostsi­ DELLE, G. V. (1967): The Middle Jurassic biriens und des Amurlandes. Mem. Acad. flora of the Tkvarchelian coal-basin Imp. Sci., St.-Petersb. (7), 22, 12, p. 1- (Transcaucasia). Paleobotanika, 6, p. 53- 122, 31 pis. (Fl. Foss. Arct., 4-2). 132, 25 pis. (in Russian). -- (1878): Beitrage zur fossilen Flora FEISTMANTEL, O. (1877): Flora of the Sibiriens und des Amurlandes. Ibid., Jabalpur Group (Upper Gondwanas), in (7), 25, 6, p. 1-58, 15 pis. (Fl. Foss. the Son-Narbada region. Palaeont. Indica, Arct., 5-2). Ser. 11, Vol. 2, Pt. 2, p. 1-25, 14 pis. Institute of Geology, Academy of China and FLORIN, R. (1936): Die fossilen Ginkgophyten Editorial Committee of "Geology of von Franz-Josef Land. I. Spezieller Teil. China" (1956): Geological Materials in Palaeontogr., B, Bd. 81, p. 71-173, 31 pis. China (Draft). Kexue Publ., Peking, p. -- (1936): Ibid., II. Allgemeiner Teil. 1-693 (in Chinese). Ibid., Bd. 82, p. 1-72, !l pis. - (1958): Ditto (Sequel). Ibid., p. 1-190 FONTAII'E, W. N. (1889): The Potomac or (in Chinese). Younger Meszoic flora. U. S. Ceol. Surv., JACOB, K. and JACOB, C. (1954): Cuticular Mon. 15, Pt. 1, Text, p. 1-377; Pt. 2, study of Indian Ptilophyllum fronds 180 pis. from Cutch and Jabbulpore. Ceol. Surv. -- in WARD (1905): Status of the Mesozoic India, N. S., 38(1), p. 1-34, 10 pis. floras of the United States. Ibid., Mon. JAIINICHEN, H. and KAHLERT, H. (1972): 48, Pt. 1, Text, p. 1-616; Pt. 2, Atlas, Ober eine mesozoische Flora aus der 45 pis. Mongolischen Volksrepublik. Ceol., 21 GENKINA, R. Z. (1966): Fossil flora and (8), p. 964-990, 6 pis. stratigraphy of the Lower Mesozoic KIMURA, T. (1958): Mesozoic plants from deposits of the Issyk-Kul basin (Northern the Tetori Series, Central Honshu, Japan. Kirghizia). Moscow, p. 1-148, 61 pis. (in Pt. 1. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Russian). N. S., 29, p. 166-168, 1 pI. GEYLER, H. T. (1877): Ueber Fossile Pflanzen -- (1958): On the Tetori flora (Pt. 1); aus der Juraformation Japans. Palaeon­ Mesozoic plants from the Kuzuryu Sub­ togr., Bd. 24, p. 221-232, 4 pis. group, Tetori Group, Japan. Bull. Sen. HARRIS, T. M. (1931): The fossil flora of High Sch., Tokyo Univ. Educ., II-2, p. 1- 88 Tatsuaki KIMURA

47, 4 pis. Central Honshu, Japan. Ibid., Vol. 3, p. -- (1959): On the Tetori flora (Pt. 2); 1-7, 4 pis. Addition to the Mesozoic plants from -- and ._- (1967): Some Mesozoic plants the Kuzuryu Sub-group, Tetori Group, from the Itoshiro Sub-group, the Tetori Japan. Ibid., III, p. 104-117, 2 pis. Group, Central Honshu, Japan. Prof. H. -- (1961): Mesozoic plants from the SHIBATA Mem. Vol., p. 416-419, 3 pis. Itoshiro Sub-group, the Tetori Group, -- and -- (1971): The discovery of the Central Honshu, Japan (Pt. 2). Trans. Cycad-like leaflets with toothed margin Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., 41, p. from the Lower Cretaceous Itoshiro Sub­ 21-32, 3 pis. group, the Tetori Group, Central Honshu, _. (1967): On the Middle-Upper Jurassic Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, and Lower Cretaceous floras. Kaseki N. S., 84, p. 190-195, 1 pI. (Fossils), Nosl. 9-20, p.14-24(inJapanese). -- and -- (1972): Ctenis species from -- (1973): Distribution of Mesozoic plants the Itoshiro Sub-group (Lower Cretace­ Ibid., Nos. 25-26, p. 9-44 (in Japanese). ous), the Tetori Group, Central Honshu, -- (1974): Late early Cretaceous flora of Japan. Ibid., 86, p. 360-368, 2 pis. the Tetori basin. Chigakukenkyu, Kyoto, -- and -- (1974): Bipinnate cycadean _25(1-6), p. 159-169 (in Japanese). fronds newly found from the Lower -- (1974): Notes on the early Cretaceous Cretaceous Itoshiro Sub-group, the Tetori floras of Japan. Bull. Tokyo Gakugei Group, Central Honshu, Japan. "Sympo­ Univ. (in press). sium on Morphological and Stratigraphical -- and SEKlDO, S. (1963): On the Tetori Palaeobotany", Birbal SAllNI Inst. Palae­ flora. A summary notes on the Itoshiro obot., Spec. Publ., No.2, p. 23-27, 3 pis. flora, with special reference to the -- and -- (1975): Nilssoniocladus n. gen. Mesozoic floristic provinces of the Ja­ (Nilssoniaceae n. fam.), newly found panese Islands. Kaseki (Fossils), No.6, from the early Lower Cretaceous of p. 35-46 (in Japanese). Japan. Palaeontogr. (in press). -- and -- (1965): Some interesting Gink­ KIRICHKOVA, A.1. and BUDANTSE\', L. U. goalean leaves from the Itoshiro Sub­ (1967): A new finding of the Lower group, the Tetori Group, Central Honshu, Cretaceous flora with Angiosperms in Japan. Mem. Mejiro Gakuen Woman's Jr. Yakutia. Bot. Zh. USSR, 52(7), p. 937- Call., Vol. 2, p. 1-4, 2 pis. 949 (in Russian). -- and -- (1966): Mesozoic plants from -- and SLASTENOV, J. L. (1968): Strati­ the Itoshiro Sub-group, the Tetori Group, graphy of continental Aptian and Albian

Explanation of Plate 6

Figs. 1-4. Birisia onychioides (VASSILEVSKAJA & KARA-MuRsA) SAl'vIYLI?>!A 1. A large proximal ultimate pinna fragment, tapering abruptly towards the acuminate apex. Pinnules long and narrow except ones on the apical portion. xI, TDY-004. 2. Showing the shape of pinnules on the proximal portion of a frond. x 2, TD-OOOL 3. Showing the deeply lobed pinnules on the proximal portion of a frond. x 4, TD-OOOL 4. Showing a distal ultimate pinna, pinnules small and with entire margins. x I, TDY­ - 002. Fig. 5. Cladophlebis ex gr. denticulata (BRONGNIART) FONTAINE Showing a pinna fragment with broader pinnules than those shown in PI. 5, fig. 11. x 2, TH-OOL Figs. 6-7. Onychiopsis elongata (GEYLER) YOKOYAMA 6. A proximal pinna fragment. x 2, TG-9028. 7. A distal pinna fragment. x 2, TDX-002. KIMURA: Early Cretaceous plants from F~~kui Plate 6 646. Middle-late Early C1-etaceous Plants 89

deposits of Verchojansk foredeep and Bull. Ceol. Prosp. Servo USSR, Moscow, Vilui syneclise. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 51, p. 363-373, 2 pis. 181(13), p. 171-174 (in Russian). LEBEDEV, E. L. (1965): Late Jurassic flora KOBAY ASHI, T. (1939): The geological age from Zeia and boundary between Jurassic of the Mesozoic land floras in Western and Cretaceous: Trudy geol. Inst. Akad. Japan discussed from the stratigraphical Nauk, Moscow, 125, p. 1-142, 36 pis. (in standpoint. japan. jour. Ceol. Ceogr., Russian). Vol. 16, Nos. 1-2, p. 75-103. -- and RASSKAZOVA, E. S. (1968): A new -- (1942): On the climatic bearing of the genus of the Mesozoic ferns-Lobi/olia. Mesozoic floras in Eastern Asia. Ibid., Ceol. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR, 191 (Mes­ Vol. 18, p. 157-196. ozoic plants), p. 56-69, 3 pis. (in -- (1951): Geology of Mt. Hakusan and Russian). its surrounding area. Ishikawa Pre/., p. LUNDBLAD, B. (1968): The present status of 1-18, 1 pI. (in Japanese). the genus Pseudotorellia FLORIN (Ginkgo­ -- and SUZUKI, K. (1936): Non·marine phyta). jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 61, 384, shells of the Jurassic Tetori Series in p. 189-195. Japan. japan. jour. Ceol. Ceogr., Vol. MAEDA, S. (1957): Stratigraphy and geologi­ 14, Nos. 1-2, p. 35-52. cal structure of the Tetori Group along KON'NO, E. (1967): Some younger Mesozoic the Uchinami and Itoshiro rivers, Fukui plants from Malaya. Palaeont. SE Asia, Prefecture. jour. Ceol. Soc. japan, 63, Tokyo, Vol. 3, p. 135-164, 3 pis. 741, p. 357-365 (in Japanese). -- (1968): Addition to some younger -- (1957): The Tetori Group in the Oyama Mesozoic plants from Malaya. Ibid., area, Itoshiro village, Fukui Prefecture. Vol. 4, p. 139-155, 4 pis. Ibid., 747, p. 664-668 (in Japanese). KRASSILOV, V. A. (1967): Farly Cretaceous -_. (1958): Stratigraphy and geological flora from Southern Primorye and its structure of the Tetori Group in the significance for stratigraphy. Moscow, Hakusan district (Pt. 1; Stratigraphy), p. 1-248, 93 pis. (in Russian). Ibid., 64, 758, p. 583-594 (in Japanese). -- (1972): Mesozoic flora from the Bureja MATSuO, H. and OMURA, K. (1966): So­ river region (Ginkgoales and Czekanow­ called "Tetori Series" in the Tetori­ skiales). Moscow, p. 1-116, 34 pis. (in gawa Area. Ann. Sci. Kanazawa Univ., Russian). 3, p. 77-97 (in Japanese). KRYSHTOFOVICH, A. (1910): Jurassic plants MEHTA, K. R. and SUD, J. D. (1953): On from Ussuriland. KRYSHTOFOVICH'S se­ Some ginkgoalean leaf impressions from lected works, Moscow (1966), p. 51-66, 3 the Rajmahal Hills. Palaeo botanist, 2, pis. (in Russian). p. 51-54. -- (1915): Jurassic plants from the river MENE:-iDEZ, C. A. (1966): Fossil Bennettitales Tyrma (Amurland). Trav. Mus. Ceol. from the Tico flora, Santa Cruz province, Min. Pierre Ie Crand Acad. Imp. Sci., 8, Argentina. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ceol., p. 79-124, 7 pis. 12(1), p. 1-42, 19 pis. -- (1916): Material for the Jurassic flora MOLLER, H. (1903): Bidrag till Bornholms of Ussuriland. Trav. Mus. Ceol. Min. fossila flora (Rhat och Lias). Gymno­ St.-Petersb., 2, 4, p. 81-140, 5 pis. spermar. K. svenska Vetensk. Akad. -- (1933): Baikal Formation of the Angara Hand!., Stockholm, 36, 6, p. 1-56, 7 pis. Group. Trans. Ceo!. Prosp. Servo USSR, NAGAO, T. (1926): A note on the Mesozoic Moscow, 326, p. 1-136. 17 pis. formation in Arita-gun, Provo of Kii. -- (1957): Paleobotanika (Text-book). jour. Ceol. Soc. japan, 33, 399, p. 378- Leningrad, p. 1-650. 384 (in Japanese). -- and PRYNADA, V. (1932): Contribution NATHORST, A. G. (1876): Bidrag till Sveriges to the Mesozoic flora of the Ussuriland. fossila flora. K. svenska Vetensk. Akad. 90 Tatsuaki KIMURA

Hand!., 14, p. 1-82, 16 pIs. -- (1936): On the Japanese species of -- (1878): Om floran Skanes KolfOrande Dictyozamites. Japan. Jour. Ceol. Ceogr., Bildningar (Pt. 1), Floran vid Bjuf. 13(1-2), p. 25-30, 1 pI. Sveriges geol. undersokning, 27, p. 1-52, -- (1940): The Mesozoic floras of Japan. 9 pIs. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., -- (1890): Beitrage zur mesozoischen Ser. 4, Vol. 5, Nos. 3-4, p. 123-480, 48 Flora Japans. K. Akad. wiss. Wien pIs. Denkschr., 57, p. 43-60, 6 pIs. -- (1941): On the occurrence of a Dipteri­ -- (1897) : Zur mesozoischen Flora Spitzber­ daceous fern from the Tetori Series of gens. K. svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., Toyama prefecture. Ibid., Vol. 6, No.2, 30, 1, p. 1-77, 6 pIs. p. 159-161. NISHIDA, M. (1960): Lower Cretaceous -- and TAKAllASHI, E. (1936): The Rhaetic plants found in Choshi peninsula, Chiba. plants from Province Nagato. A sup­ Bull. Fac. Lit. Sci., Chiba Univ., 3(2), p. plement. Ibid., Vol. 3, No.2, p. 115-133, 187-192, 4 pIs. (in Japanese with English 1 pI. description in part). OLDHAM, T. and MORRIS, J. (1863): The OISIll, S. (1931): Fossil plants from Japan fossil flora of the Rajmahal Series, and Korea. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Rajmahal Hills, Bengal. Ceol. Surv. 2nd ser. (Ceo!.), 14(2A), p. 107-118, 1 pI. India Mem., Palaeont. Indica, Ser. 2d, Pt. -- (1932): The Jurassic plants from 1, p. 1-52, 35 pIs. Shitaka (The Maizuru coal-field), Provo OMURA, K. (19'i3): Stratigraphical study of Tango (Kyoto Prefecture), Japan. Jour. the Cretaceous System of the Hida Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, mountainous district, Central Japan. Vol. 2, No.1, p. 1-13, 3 pIs. Ann. Sci., Kanazawa Univ., Vol, 10, p.

Explanation of Plate 7

Figs. 1-3. Cleichenites aff. porsildi SEWARD 1. An imperfect penultimate pinna with rather closely set ultimate pinnae. x 2, TG-039. 2. Showing closely set ultimate pinnae with long, narrow and linear pinnules. x 2, TG-042. 3. Showing pinnules with convex surface, and with broadly undulated margins. x 4, TH-005. Fig. 4. Jacutopteris sp. Showing long and narrow pinnules with shallowly undulated margins. x 2, TF-005. Fig. 5. Adiantites sp. A (left) and Cleichenites aff. porsildi SEWARD (right) Left; Showing an imperfect pinnules of Adiantites sp. A. xl, TH-009. Right; Imperfect pinna frag­ ments of Cleichenites aff. porsildi. Figs. 6-7. Adiantites sp. B 6. Showing one of pinnately arranged pinnules which are fan-shaped and with entire or shallowly lobed apical margin. x2, TD-007B. 7. An imperfect detached pinnule like the above. x 2, TDX-005. Fig. 8. Nilssonia efr. orientalis HEER Showing apical notch of lamina. x 2, TDX-005. Fig. 9. Nilssonia sp. efr. N. nipponensis YOKOYAMA Showing basal portion of lamina ir­ regularly segmented. x 2, TD-9017. Fig. 10. Podozamites reinii GEYLER Showing a shoot fragment with imperfectly preserved leaves. xl, HC-9009 (Hayashidani valley, this horizon HC is on equivalent of TC). Fig. 11. Pityophyllum sp. Showing detached long-Ianceolate and linear or falcate leaves with single midnerve; A: probably apex. B: probably basal part of a leaf. x 2, TH-021. KIMURA: Early Cretaceous plants frorn F~()c~~i Plate 7 646. Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants 91

107-154 (in Japanese). 179, 11 pIs. ORLOVSKAJA, E. R. (1962): The finds of -- (1895): Ibid., Pt. 2. Gymnospermae. Pseudotorellia and Eretmophyllum in the Ibid., p. 1-259, 20 pIs. Jurassic deposits of Kazakhstan. Bot. -- (1903): Fossil floras of Cape Colony. Zh. USSR, Tom 47, No. 10, p. 1437-1445, Ann. South Afr. Mus., 4, p. 1-122, 14 pIs. 4 pIs. (in Russian). -- (1912): Mesozoic plants from Afghani­ OTA, Y. (1960): The zonal distribution of stan and Afghan-Turkistan. India Ceol. the non-marine fauna in the Upper Surv. Mem., Palaeont. Indica, N. S., Vol. Mesozoic Wakino Sub-group. Mem. Fac. 4, Mem. 4, p. 1-57, 7 pIs. Sci., Kyushu Univ., (D), Ceol., 9(3), p. --- (1913): A contribution to our know­ 187-209. ledge of Wealden floras. Ceol. Soc. PROSVIRJAKOVA, Z. P. (1966): Jurassic flora London, Quart. jour., Vol. 69, p. 85-114, of Mangwishlak and its significance for 4 pIs. stratigraphy. Akad. Nauk, USSR, p. 1- -- (1919): Fossil plants, Vol. 4. Cambridge, 173, 35 pIs. (in Russian). p. xvi + 1-543. SAIl, S. C. D. (1952): Occurrence of Cinkgoites -- (1926): The Cretaceous plant-bearing in the Rajmahal Series of Bihar. Curro rocks of Western Greenland. Roy. Soc. Sci., 121, p. 129-130. London Philos. Trans., Vol. 215B, p. 57- -- (1953): On some species of Cinkgoites 174, 9 pIs. from the Jurassic of the Rajmahal Hills, -- and CONWAY, V. M. (1935): Additional Bihar. Palaeobotanist, 2, p. 55-58, Cretaceous plants from Western Green­ -- and JAIN, K. P. (1965): Cinkgoites land. K. svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., rajmahalensis sp. nov. from the Rajmahal Vol. 15, p. 1-51, 6 pIs. Hills, Bihar, India. Ibid., 13(2), p. 155- SHI~IAKCRA, M. (1937): Studies on fossil 157, 1 pI. woods from Japan and adjacent lands. SAMYLINA, V. A. (1956): Two new types of Contribution I-II. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. ginkgophyta from the Lower Cretaceous Univ., 2nd ser. (Ceo!.), 18, p. 267-310,11 of the Aldan river. Bot. Zh. USSR, Tom pIs.; 19(1), p. 1-73, 15 pIs. 41, No. 10, p. 1525-1527, 1 pI. (in Russian). SMILEY, C.]. (1969): Floral zones and cor­ -- (1963): Mesozoic flora of the lower relations of Cretaceous Kukpowruk and course of the Aldan river. Trudy bot. Corwin Formations, Northwestern Alaska. Inst. Acad. Nauk, SSSR, ser. 8 (Palaeo­ Amer. Ass. Petro Ceol. Bull., 53(10), p. bot.), 4, p. 59-138 37 pIs. (in Russian). 2079-2093. -- (1964): On the Lower Cretaceous flora STOPES, M. C. (1915): The Cretaceous flora. from the middle part of Sikhota-Alin. Pt. 2. Lower Greensand (Aptian) plants Bot. Zh. USSR, Tom 49, No.9, p. 1286- of Britain. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 1287, 1 pI. (in Russian). 1-360+36, 31 pIs. -- (1964): Mesozoic flora of the area to SZE, H. C. (1956): Older Mesozoic plants the west of the Kolyma river (Zyryanka from the Yenchang Formation, Northern coal-basin), Pt. l. Paleobotanika, 5, p. Shensi. Palaeont. Sinica, N. S., A, 5(139). 41-78, 18 pIs. (in Russian). p. 1-217, 56 pIs. - (1967): Ditto, Pt. 2. Ibid., 6, p. 136- TATEIWA, 1. (1929): Geological atlas of 173, 37 pIs. (in Russian). Tyosen (Korea), No. 10, Keishu-Eisen­ -- (1972): Birisia-New genus Cretaceous Taikyu and Wakwan Sheets, 1/50000. ferns of Siberia. Bot. Zh. USSR, Tom Ceo!. Surv. Tyosen (Korea). 57, No.1, p. 94-102, 2 pIs. (in Russian). VAKHRA:'IEEV, V. A. (1958): Stratigraphy SEWARD, A. C. (1894): The Wealden flora, and fossil plants from the Jurassic and Pt. l. Thallophyta-Pteridophyta. Cata­ Cretaceous deposits of the Vilui basin logue of Mesozoic plants in the Dept. of and Verchojansk foredeep. Reg. Stra~gr. Ceology, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 1- SSSR, 3, p. 1-128, 32 pIs. (in Russian). 92 Tatsuaki KIMURA

(1962): New early Cretaceous cycado­ bearing beds of Far East (interfluve of phyta from Yakutia. Paleont. Zh. USSR, Uda and Amur rivers). Izuv. Akad. Nauk 3, p. 123-129, 2 pis. (in Russian). SSSR, ser. Ceol., 2, p. 120-133 (in -- (1964): Jurassic and early Cretaceous Russian). floras of. Eurasia and the palaeofloristic --, DOBRUSKINA, I. A., ZAKLINSKAYA, E. D. provinces of this period. USSR Acad. and MEYEl', S. V. (1971): Palaeozoic Sci. Trans., 102, p. 1-261 (in Russian). and Mesozoic floras of Eurasia and phyto­ - (1966): Jurassic floras of the USSR. geography of this time. USSR Acad. Sci. Palaeobotanist, Vol. 14, Nos. 1-3, p. 118- Trans., 208, p. 1-424 (in Russian). 123. VASSILEVSKAJA, N. D. (1957): Three new -- (1968): New Mesozoic ferns. Ceoi. types of ferns from the Lower Cretaceous Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR Trans., 191, p. 7- of the lower course of the Lena river. 16, 4 pis. (in Russian). Sbor. Stat. Palaeont. biostr., Leningrad, -- (1970): First discovery of Dictyozamites 3, p. 69-76, 2 pis. (in Russian). (Bennettitales) in the Mesozoic of Siberia. -- (1960): A new fern genus-jacutopteris Paleont. Zh. USSR, 4, p. 120-123 (in gen. nov. from the Lower Cretaceous of Russian). Northern Yakut. Ibid., 22, p. 63-67, 2 -- (1971): Development of the early pis. (in Russian). Cretaceous flora in Siberia. Ceophyt., 1 --- (1966): Some early Cretaceous plants (1), p. 75-83. of Jigans\( district (Lena coal-basin). -- and DOLUDENKO, M. P. (1961): Upper Tr. NIlCA, 15, p. 50-76, 7 pis. (in Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous flora of Russian). the Bureja basin and its significance for -- (1967): Early Cretaceous ferns from stratigraphy. USSR Acad. Sci. Ceoi. Lena-Olenek district (Lena basin). Ibid., Inst. Trans., 54, p. 1-135, 40 pis. (in 17, p. 58-78, 8 pis. (in Russian). Russian). --- and PAVLOV, V. V. (1963): Stratigraphy -- and LEBEDEv, E. L. (1967): Palaeo­ and flora from Cretaceous beds of Lena­ botanical characteristics and age of coal- Oienek region of Lena coal-basin, II.

Explanation of Plate 8

Fig. 1. Arctopteris sp. Showing a pinna fragment with imperfectly preserved pinnules. x 2, TG-019. Fig. 2. Cleichenites aff. porsildi SE\\'ARD Showing circular scar·s of sori on each side of midnerve. x 3, TG-024. Fig. 3. Cladophlebis cfr. pseudolobi/olia V ACHRAMEEV Showing variable form and the Sphenopteris-type nervation of pinnules. x 2, TH-012. Fig. 4. Adiantites sp. A Showing a pinnule with crenulated apical margin. x 2, TH-010. Figs. 5-6. Pseudotorellia sp. 5. Showing rounded apex. x 2, TC-9027B. 6. Showing cuneate base. x 2, TC-9027. Fig. 7. Cinkgodium? sp. Showing the leaf divided deeply into two segments. xl, TG-017. Fig. 8. Sphenobaiera? sp. Showing a part of leaf fragments. xl, TG-007. Fig. 9. Ginkgoites sp. Showing deeply segmented leaf fragment. xI, TD-9030. Fig. 10. Podozamites sp. cfr. P. eichwaldi SCHI~IPER Showing two fragments of leaves. x 2, TH-004. Fig. 11. Pityophyllum sp. and Cladophlebis cfr. pseudolobi/olia VACIIRAMEEV Showing long­ lanceolate and linear Pityophyllum leaves and hvo pinnules of Cladophlebis cfr. pseudolo­ bi/olia. x 2, TH-034. KIMU RA: Early Cretaceous plants j?·om Fukui Plate 8 646. Middle-late Early Cretace01tS Plants 93

Problems of oil and gas content beds in 2nd ser. (Geol.), 1(4), p. 59-64, 1 pI. Arctica. Ibid., 105(11), p. 1-96, 49 pis. -- (1922): Notes on some Mesozoic plants (in Russian). from Japan, Korea and China, in the -- and Al3RA!\IOVA, L. N. (1966): Material collection of the Insti tute of Geology for the knowledge of the early Cretace­ and Palaeontology of the Tohoku Imperial ous flora of Lena basin. Ibid.,16, p. 73- University. Ibid., 7(1), p. 1-28, 4 pis. 96, 8 pis. (in Russian). -- (1927): Cretaceous stratigraphy of the WATSON, J. (1969): A revision of the Japanese Islands. Ibid., 11(1), p.27-100, English Wealden flora, 1. Charales­ 7 pis. Ginkgoales. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), YOKOY AMA, M. (1889): Jurassic plants from Geot., 17(5), p. 209-254.6 pis. Kaga, Hida and Echizen. Jour. Coil. YABE, H. (1905): Mesozoic plants from Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 3(1), p. 1-66, 14 Korea. Jour. Coil. Sci., Imp. Univ. pis. Tokyo, 22(8), p. 1-59, 4 pis. -- (1894): Mesozoic plants from Kozuke, _. (1913): Mesozoische Pflanzen von Kii, Awa and Tosa. Ibid., 7(3), p. 201- Omoto. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., 231, 9 pis.

Akaiwa ill'; 'fi'"' Nagdong (Naktong) 16 Ayukawa' wli JII Nenjiang W *iT Chinabotadani ro IJII ilii] 1j. Nobudani / 7" 1j. Chinju (Jinju) =s 1-1-1 Nochino 1& !Ilf Fujian fi'ii ~ Of una to *- *8 lilt Hakusan ~ ill Oguchi ~ 1=1 Hayashidani 1* 1j. Omichidani *- j.![ 1j. He-gang M,} lim Omoto 'J' :;<$: Hida ~ ~qI Osugidani *- :f~ 1j. Hua-shan t~ , ill Oyama *- ill Itoshiro E fflI£ S Pantou 112 jjj'{ Izumi 5¥ll 7'R Ryoseki fJ){ E Jian-de }t f.E\ Sha-he-tze ij; IiiJ T Jusanhama T m Shan-dong ill r'-o Kami-Anama 1:: /\ .m Shimonoseki r *&2 Kawaguchi ) II 1=1 Shinshu (=Chinju) Kitadani ;It 1j. Shiragi (Silla) Kochi ?Ei ro Silla ;ffr Mt Komatsu 'j' t~ Soma t§ .m Kukunari T /\ hX: Takinami mt ilIl. Kuwashima (Kuwajima) :¥f ~ Tamodani FE&1j.(B3I:i]:1j.) Kuzuryu 1L jjj'{ """'!!. Tatsukawa -sr. ) II Kwanmon r, Tetori (Tedori) -¥ 1& '*1 ph Kyongsang (Gyeongsang) ~ fbi Toyora -"'- im Mishan ffi' ill Uchinami n ilIl. Monobegawa 4m flB )11 Yuasa i'J)j m Mulin lSi '~ Zhejiang 1.f1i iT 94

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

B *tl~4'fo~~~ 115 @I{?1j~I:t., 1975 ~ 6}j 14 scaphitoid ammonites from Japan ...... B (±) I;:.,;'fi'f-*~I~j'fl) ('i£Wilm) ICio\',-c1*J1l1i ...... K. TANABE ~;h.t.: (~~:'i!t 58 i'!). A record of Mortoniceras from Goshonoura ...... T. MATSUMOTO & M. TASHIRO OOA~;Jt ::t:-'JZt!flt'E (DSDP Leg XL) iJ,t?l*llil.~;h.td / ~'v A • =~*~W-ft;rr lU'o vt 7.> tl~4'fo(})~~ ~ '7 A:A •••.•••••••••.•..••.••••• • ~*~ll~ -1. fVi~~ .. tIiIJ*.Ii!*~· E#-fil-' i.l;u.lIli= Albian ammonites from the Central Andes B *i1li(})~1L~ll:f~IH;:.-?\"-C (})-~~ .. i¥J~f*:~ ...... 1. OBATA, K. SHIBATA & Y. OGAWA ~1:i1lijRl1!ij'fl)(})~~=*t&ItX~t;:.-?\,'-C ...... Miocene nautiloid from Nagano and Nii- ...... ·9:"H!:tl$?Xll~ . l1!iH!lAr gata Prefectures, Japan ...... H. NODA A new Heterophyllia from the Kanto Mas­ Devonian conodonts from the Fukuji Group, sif, Japan .. H. IGO & F. KOBAYASHI (f1;;W'C) Hida Massif, Central Japan ...... Halysites 7t~LI:(})~~* ...... WilH;Ii1:zij1] .... Hy. IGo, T. KOIKE & Hh. IGO (f1;;W'C) m:lt!!i£: Syringopora, Favosites:t,; .t If Halysites Carboniferous conodonts from the Ichino­ ()) tabula ~j€!;j(-;-7.> .••...... ••• WilH;Ii1:zij1] tani Group, Hida Massif, Central Japan Ontogenetic development of the Recent ...... Hy. IGO & T. KOIKE (f1;;WC) Acrhelia and Galaxea (Scleractinia) .... An armored worm from the Miocene Yoko-o ...... K. MORI, A. OMURA & K. MINOURA formation, Nagano Prefecture, Japan .. A Recent coralline sponge from the Palau ...... H. HATAI & H. NODA Island and its fossil relatives .... K. MORI ;R~I:~~=*i£:iE~ 4~~, Sawamuraia, Kata­ Two conularids from the Dzhulfian bed in hiraia ftl!. • • . . • . • . . . .• . ••.••••.••• •/J'ttM­ the Abadeh region, Central Iran...... On some species of Fucales from the Ter- ...... M. MURATA & F. GOLSHANI tiary of Japan ...... W. ISHIJIMA mj'fl)~I:J:llt:lt!!3'(t{ll1mmt~JIIi£:~,vA*c.~JEm .. On two alga-like fossils from the Creta- ...... EBIR*iIi- ceous of Brazil ...... W. ISHIJIMA fitflmOOJjll:fi£:(}) Pterotrigonia sakakurai (YE­ Gigantopteris M4'foll:f(})7t1JH;:' -?\" -C .. ~rJ3'-!ij HARA) C Trigonioides I;:'-?\"-C .... EBH ~ Addition to the Early Cretaceous flora {I:E73 =\'- (Crassostrea Jm) (})JfJJmc~1m ...... from the Akaiwa formation, Tetori Super­ ...... •l1!iliiilili group, Central Japan...... Correlation of south and southeast Asian ...... T. KIMURA & S. SEKIDO Neogene formations by mollusca ...... A study of leaf compressions of Buxus ...... T. SHUTO protojaponica ...... K. UEMURA On a Paleogene Anadara from the Kiuragi (!IP' ~7 p - '7 q:.(})~fli!(})~*;5 7.> {I:EM4'fo ... formation in the Karatsu coal-field ...... *1 #- ft::fC ...... T. SHUTO & Y. IKEDA a* 7 p -; '7 ...... 1111l#-fiiUl r$tlJIl!,Emlill8.Ii!Jj(}) Vicarya I;:.-?\,'-C ...... ~JfJ . ~~JIl!,m:lt!!~(})~M4'foll:f.~ ...... ·~EB:llt-ll~ ...... ·iJiWil-!ij . tl~ ~ Gaudryceras (})*$1Ct;:'-?\"-C-7~ .... -'JZ!f5I.jR B *(})~=*M4'fo*lE~ ...... ·.Wil-!ij Evolution of structure development of some Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 98, pp. 95-104, pl. 9, July 30, 1975

647. TWO NEW NON-MARINE SPECIES OF BIVALVIA FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF SOUTHWEST JAPAN

YOSHIHISA OHT A

Department of Earth Sciences, Fukuoka University of Education, Fukuoka 8ll-41

rt5ill~L!IU:::IfW~=tlcFJ,O)=~flK."?~'-C: rfllli3.illl:*-aPJ, )110, 'ffi'!£@J: I), f.J:* Polymesoda (Isodomella) shiroiensis (YABE and NAGAO) C ~nt-:.to)~, 1*~*slElf v;::~ L. t::. o Vt-:>-C Isodomella ~1"l.illl:f4O)~v;::[jj(Il1:d-=o "1.t-:., -aPJ, )110, ~J\:fi~O)t 0)11, I. shiroiensis c 11%11:0)* ~~, 7J.M, ~~O)ge~O)1§1fit, H/L ~-C·~t.c Q O)-c'~fI c L. -C120JIJ L.t-:.o i31t@iJ' G~flIl c ffi:J;£i (1926) 11, Myopholas efr. semicostata ~jjcjl~ L. -C ~'Q iJ:, S *-C·o)l3:I:tI"l~f~O)ft!J.O):ithJfliiJ' GgeJi!. ~:h -C ~,t.ciJ' -:> t-:.o 4-1ill-aPJ}~iJ' GfJH.rj,O) to)~ge>% L.t-:.iJ;,ll1T~C.l:t~-tQ c~t.cQ,#,iJ;~~'o)-C· Myopholas O)rfrflc L.-C~~L.t-:.o :;t8r~:~

Genus Isodomella KOBAYASHI Introduction and SUZUKI, 1939 This paper contains a result of the Type-species: Cyrena shiroiensis Y ABE palaeontological studies on the Lower and NAGAO, 1926, from the Lower Cre­ Cretaceous Ryoseki fauna in Japan. taceous of Japan. I describe, in this paper, two new Diagnosis: Shell small to medium- species under the genera Isodomella and sized for the Eomiodontinae, equivalve, Myopholas on the basis of my new col· inequilateral, subtrapezoidal, provided lections. with a prominent posterior carina; umbo Before entering into the description, I prominent, rising high above hinge wish to express my sincere thanks to margin, recurved, more or less prosogyr­ Professor Tatsuro MATSUMOTO for his ous, anterior to mid-length; lunule weakly invaluable advice and critical reading of impressed; escutcheon indistinct; surface this manuscript. Also I am indebted to marked with concentric ribs which are Dr. Itaru HA YAMI for his invaluable often restricted to the umbonal region as suggestions. in Astarte (s. s.) in the juvenile stage but nearly smooth except for somewhat Description rugose growth-lines in the adult stage; hinge essentially similar to that of Subfamily Eomiodontinae Eomiodon, as formulated below: HA YAMI, 1965 AlII AI (3a) 3b 5b PIlI All 2 4b PIl * Received Oct. 28, 1974; read Oct. 19, 1974 at Nagoya. cardinal teeth divergent from the beak,

95 96 Yoshihisa OHTA flattened at the top, stout but 3a rather SUZUKI and OYAMA (1943) suggested obscure or weak, 5b clearly separated that Isodomella KOBA YASH! and SUZUKI from nymph; lateral slopes of cardinals (1939) may be a section of subgenus transversely crenulated; anterior lateral Geloina GRAY, 1842, without mentioning teeth shorter than posterior ones, PI com­ the reason. As Isodomella has the den­ monly absent, cross-striation undeveloped tition of a lucinoid type, it is not related on lateral teeth; pallial line simple; to the subgenus Geloina of the Corbicu­ umbonal cavity comparatively shallow. lidae. Discussion: Y ABE and NAGAO noted The presence of the dentition of a the presence of three cardinal teeth in lucinoid type, an Astarte-like sculpture each valve, regarding the dentition of this in the juvenile stage, and a habitat of species as cyrenoid. However, as des­ brackish to marine environments indicate cribed above, the left valve has only two that the present species is certainly cardinals 2 and 4b, the cardinal 1 is assigned to the subfamily Eomiodontinae absent, and the hinge structure is certain­ HA YAMI, 1965, including the genera ly of lucinoid type. While they did not Eomiodon Cox, 1935, Myrene CASEY, 1955, note on the transverse crenulation on the Protocyprina VOKES, 1946, Costocyrena sides of cardinals which is distinct even HAYAMI, 1965, and Pseudasaphis MATSU­ in the syntype (no. 22451). MOTO, 1938. KOBA YASH! and SUZUKI (1939, p. 219- Isodomella is distinguished from 220) established Isodomella as a section Eomiodon Cox, 1935 (type-species: E. of the genus Polymesoda on the basis of indicus Cox, 1935) by the following Cyrena shiroiensis Y ABE and NAGAO significant points. The cardinal 5b of (1926) in describing the characters as the former is strong and clearly separated " the species reveals the typical mode of from nymph, but that of the latter is dentition in Polymesoda, and furthermore weak and connected with nymph. The the outline of the shell and the entire former has a weak but distinct lateral pallial line reveal its close approach to PIlI and the strong crenulation on the the Isodoma section of the genus. How­ sides of cardinals, but these are absent ever, compared to Polymesoda cyrenoides in the latter. Furthermore, the former (DESHA YES) from the Eocene formation has no distinct escutcheon. of the Paris basin, which is the type of In many characters, this genus is very the Isodoma section, the hinge teeth are similar to Myrene CASEY, 1955 (the type­ much more prominent and the posterior species: M. fittoni CASEY, 1955), but the lateral teeth tolerably longer in this construction and feature of laterals are species". The Recent species Polymesoda different between them. Namely, the caroliniana (Bose), the type-species of lateral teeth AO, PO and lateral cross­ the genus, which lives in the warm striation are absent in the former. streams of North America, has three In the presence of the cardinal cross­ strong cardinals in each valve and a crenulation and lateral PIlI, this genus is pallial line with deep, narrow sinus. The also easily distinguishable from Proto­ present species is not referred to the cyprina VOKES, 1946 (the type-species: genus Polymesoda, because the left valve Astarte libanotica FRASS; 1878). has only two cardinals and the cardinals Costocyrena HA YAMI, 1965 (type­ in each valve have strong crenulation on species: C. matsumotoi HAY AMI, 1965) their sides and the pallial sinus is entire. and Pseudasaphis MA TSUMOTO, 1938 647. Two New Non-rn,arine Bivalvia, Lower Cretaceous 97

(type-species: P. japonicus MATSUMOTO. this paper with the prefix GF. 1938) which have radial ribs on their The fossil localities (S401, Y51 and K123) whole surfaces, are characteristic genera and their stratigraphical positions are in the Eomiodontinae. The present genus shown in the map and columns of my has many common characters with them, previous paper (ORTA, 1973, figs. 1-2). but it is readily be distinguishable from Description: Shell medium-sized, them by thed ifferences in the surface equivalve, inequilateral, trigonally ovate sculpture and cardinal crenulation. to sub trapezoidal in outline, moderately For the above-mentioned reasons, I inflated; test fairly thick; umbo pro­ propose to include the emended genus minent, prosogyrous, placed at about one­ Isodomella in the Eomiodontinae. third of the length of the shell from the anterior end; antero-dorsal margin com­ paratively short, faintly concave in front Isodomella matsumotoi sp. nov. of umbo, passing gradually into antero­ Plate 9, figs. 1-13; Text-figs. 1, 3.. ventral margin; postero-dorsal margin long, gently convex or nearly straight; Material: The holotype is a right siphonal margin short, obscurely delimited valve (GF. Y147) collected from the from the posterodorsal margin by an Yoshimo formation at loco Y51, Yoshimo, obtuse angle, turning angularly to the Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture. ventral margin; ventral margin broadly Paratypes (GF. Y106-108, YllO-1l3, Y127- arcuate, passing gradually into the anteri­ 135, Y142-146. Y148) were collected from or margin; a blunt carina extends from the same locality and other paratypes the umbonal region to the postero­ (GF. K2552-2556) from the Kawaguchi ventral corner; lunule moderate in width, formation at loco K123, Fukami, Saka­ rather shallow, weakly defined; es­ moto Village, Yatsushiro County, Kuma­ cutcheon indistinct; ligament external, not moto Prefecture. All are collected by mnch elongated; surface ornamented with myself and are now kept in Fukuoka concentric furrows and distinct lamellae University of Education and indicated in with fine growth-lines; hinge plate fairly broad especially in the adult shells; 2a 2b dentition characterized by much modified lucinoid cardinal teeth having strong trigon ian cross crenulation and corbi­ culoid elongated lateral teeth: cardinal 2 fairly stout, opisthocline, separated from All, only posterior side crenulated; 4b moderately thick, obliquely elongated, prosocline, both sides fairly strongly crenulated ; 3a comparatively small, tuber­ cular. opisthocline, represented by a terminal thickening of AlII ; 3b especially Text-fig. 1. Isodomella matsumotoi sp. nov. large, very stout and broad, acline or slightly prosocline, both sides strongly 1. Right valve, showing the outline of shell and the surface ornamentation of the adult crenulated ; 5b prosocline. separated from stage. 2. Showing the internal feature of nymph, only anterior side crenulated; left (2a) and right (2b) valves. anterior lateral teeth linearly elongated 98 Yoshihisa OHTA

along the antero-dorsal margin, but AI Iy impressed, comparatively large, sub­ and AlII ill-defined from the margin of ovate, subequal in size, placed near the hinge plate; posterior lateral teeth PIr ends of the lateral teeth; pallial line not and PIlI remote from cardinal teeth, sinuated but somewhat abruptly bent longer than anterior laterals; PI not upwards below the posterior adductor defined; no prominent transverse crenu­ scar; pedal scar not clearly impressed; lation on lateral teeth; nymph compara­ umbonal cavity comparatively shallow; tively wide; adductor scars fairly strong- ventral margin smooth internally.

Measurements in mm:

Specimen Length Height HIL

v~ GF. Y 147 (Holotype; right valve) 28.0 21. 0 O. 75

v /I Y 148 (Paratpye; ) 26.0 20. 0 O. 76

.; /I Y 146 ( ) 31. 5 22.0 0.69 v Y 145 ( ) 24.0 17.0 O. 70 ~>" Y 144 ( ) 22.0 17.0 O. 77 "';l. v V I! Y 143 ( If 19.0 15.0 O. 78 V Y 142 ( ; right into mould) 24.0 17.0 O. 70 v If Y 106 ( If /I 16.5 13.0 O. 78 /I V Y 107 ( /I ; lift int. mould) 10.0 8.0 0.80 v Y 108 ( II ; right int. mould) 23.5 16.0 0.68

r/ If Y 110 ( /I /I ) 12.0 11.0 0.91 V If Y III ( /I ) 18.5 15.0 0.81 V'1f Y 112 ( If JI ) 27.0 19.0 O. 70 V II Y 113 ( If If ) 18.5 15.0 0.81 V If Y 127 ( ; left valve) 20.0 15.0 O. 75 1- If Y 128 ( If If ) 19.5 15. 0 O. 76 V If Y 129 ( If If ) 25.0 20.0 0.80 V I! Y 130 ( ) 19.0 15.0 O. 78 vI! Y 131 ( ) 23.0 16.0 0.69 L- I! Y 132 ( ) 28.0 21. 0 O. 75

V'I! Y 133 ( If ; left into mould) 28.0 21. 0 O. 75 ViI Y 134 ( 1/ ; left valve) 25.0 18.0 O. 72 ./ If Y 135 ( If If ) 22.0 18.5 0.84 V GF. K2552 ( ; left int. mould) 24.0 16.0 O. 66 V If K2553 ( ; left valve) 25.0 16.0 0'64 V 1/ K2554 ( ; left into mould) 24.0 15.0 0.62 I.- If K2555 ( ; left valve) 27.0 20. 5 O. 75 V- If K2556 ( If ) 14.0 10.0 O. 71 647. Two New Non-marine Bivalvia, Lower Cretaceous 99

Variation: In addition to the above fourth to two-fifths as shown III Text­ indicated 28 specimens, many specimens figs. 3 and 4. from Yoshimo and other areas at hand Discusssion: KOBA Y ASH! and SUZUKI are referable to the present species. (1939, pI. 14, figs. 1-9) identified nine Most of these specimens are little de­ specimens from the Yoshimo formation formed secondarily except some speci­ with Polymesoda (Isodomella) shiroiensis mens from Kawaguchi. The average of (Y ABE and NAGAO) from the Shirai for­ the ratio of H/L is about 0.74, but the mation of the Sanchu Graben in the ratio varies apparently to a tolerable Kwanto Massif. I have examined the extent as shown in the measurements syntype (no. 22451) of Cyrena shiroiensis and Text-fig. 2. However, there is a Y ABE and NAGAO, from the Shirai for­ trend that the ratio decreases from the mation at Bomekizawa, Ohinata Village, juvenile stage to the adult one. In other Minamisaku County, Nagano Prefecture, words, outline of the juvenile stage is which is now kept in Tohoku University, rounded trigonal while that of the adult and the specimens (GF. S4010-4013) from stage sub trapezoidal as shown in Text­ the same formation at lac. S401, Shirai, fig. 3. The position of umbo which is Ueno Village, Tano County, Gunma Prefec­ indicated by the ratio of L' /L varies also ture (call. OHTA). As a result, the aver­ to a fairly wide extent, ranging from one- age of the ratio of H/L of Isodomella

25 " -/. +)('~O.,. 20 .,.' X :.0 ..••• _ , .. x~fl-"j\Y.' ~o " /' , ",~ . 0 t; 10 o x •

5

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Length in mm Text-fig, 2. Diagram showing the relation between height (H) and length (L), Sample composed of 40 individuals of Iso­ domella matsumotoi sp. nov. from the lo­ calities Y51 and K123, and 12 individuals of Isodomella shiroiensis from the loco S401 and the illustrated specimens by Y ABE and NAGAO (1926). Isodomella matsumotoi sp. nov. .: specimen from tne Yoshimo for­ mation. 0: specimen from the Kawaguchi formation. Isodomella shiroiensis (Y ABE and NAGAO) X: specimen from the Shiroi formation. "Cyrena" shiroiensis var. alata YABE and NAGAO (= Isodomella shiroiensis Text-fig. 3. The morphogenetic change (YABE and NAGAO)) +: specimen from of the outline of shell of Isodomella matsu­ the Shiroi formation. motoj sp. nov. 100 Yoshihisa OHTA

.:) S ~- -- a 10- X ---.- - • _/t-;;<--- ._-.--; ----- .. -- ~ -_/~.:-.. ... -~~~-~~. • ):$'-. ....:-e • . .. ~

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 Length in mm Text-fig. 4. Diagram showing the relation between the length of shell (L) and the one from the umbo to the anterior end (U) . • : Isodomella matsumotoi sp. nov.; x : Isodomella shiroiensis (YABE and NAGAO) ; + : "Cyrena" shiroiensis var. alata (YABE and NAGAO) (= Isodomella shiroiensis (YABE and NAGAO». shiroiensis (Y ABE and NAGAO) (=Cyrena in Text-figs. 2, 3 and 5. However, in the shiroiensis Y ABE and NAGAO) is about adult stage the former is easily distin­ 1.00 as shown in Text-fig. 2. In the guished from the latter in that the former juvenile stage there is a strong re­ is larger, sub trapezoidal instead of sub­ sembrance between the present species trigonal in outline, and has a smaller and Isodomella shiroiensis in the outline ratio of H/L than the latter. of shell and the ratio of H/L as shown Y ABE and NAGAO (1926, pI. 2, fig. 26; pI. 3, figs. 15, 28) discriminated Cyrena shiroiensis var. alata from Cyrena shiroi­ ensis by the reasons that its umbo is median and its outline is sub trigonal. However, I agree with KOBAYASHI and SUZUKI (1939, p. 220) in considering that Cyrena shiroiensis var. alata is synonym­ ous with Cyrena shiroiensis (= Isodomella shiroiensis), because the former is in­ cluded within the variation of Isodomella shiroiensis as shown in Text-figs. 4 and 5. MAEDA (1959) described Polymesoda (Isodomella) kobayashii from the Tochio alternation of sandstone and shale in the Akaiwa formation at Kamitakara Village, Yoshiki County, Gifu Prefecture. MAEDA Text-fig. 5. The morphogenetic change (1959, p. 158) noted the presence of three of the outline of shell of Isodomella shiro­ cardinal teeth in each valve, interpreting iensis (Y ABE and NAGAO). that the dentition is of corbiculid type. 647. Two New Non-ma1'ine Bivalvia, Lower Cretaceous 101

However, the left valve has only two Alaterial: The holotype is a left inter­ cardinals 2 and 4b, without cardinal 1 nal mould (GF. Y 450) collected from the and, thus, the hinge structure is a kind Yoshimo formation at loc. Y51, Yoshimo, of lucinoid type. Therefore, P. (I.) Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture. kobayashii should not be assigned to Paratypes (GF. Y 451-458) from the same Polymesoda of the Corbiculidae. Further­ locality. The holotype and one of the more, as it has neither cardinal 5b nor paratypes (GF. Y452) are well preserved. cardinal crenulation, it is not referred to Description: Shell of small size, inequi­ Isodomella, but it may be related to the lateral,elongate-ovate with slight tendency genus Crenotrapezium HA YAMI, 1958. to be rostrate posteriorly; umbo broadly MATSUMOTO and KANMERA (1952) and rounded and scarcely protruding, situated MATSUMOTO (1954) listed Polymesoda about one-third of the shell length from (lsodomella) shiroiensis (Y ABE and the anterior end, and incurved to slightly NAGAO) from the Yoshimo and Kawa­ prosogyrous beak; inflation of shell strong guchi formations without any description, below umbo and maximum convexity but their specimens may be referred to lying near the mid-height below the the present species. umbo; thickness decreases gradually The specific name is dedicated to Prof. toward the posterior end; fairly strong Tatsuro MATSUMOTO who kindly sug­ carina from umbo to posteroventral angle, gested me to study the Mesozoic non­ delimiting fairly broad. elongate and marine Bivalvia. partly concave posterior area, while Occurrence: Black shale of the Yoshi­ weaker radial ridge delimits small anteri­ mo formation at loc. Y51, Yoshimo, or area on the other side of umbo; Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, sharp edge of thickening of dorsal margin and black shale of the Kawaguchi for­ that projects into cavity of valve gives mation at a road-cut (K123) between rise to groove extending parallel with Kawaguchi and Shimofukami, Sakamoto posterior carina on internal mould; valve Village, Yatsushiro County, Kumamoto margin closed or with a narrow posteri­ Prefecture. or gape; escutcheon long, narrow, bordered by a distinct ridge; ornament of anteromedian part of surface marked Family Myopholadidae Cox, 1964 with radial and concentric ribs with Genus jI,IIyopholas DOUVILLE. 1907 tubercles at their intersection, while radial ribs on anterior part of surface Type-species: Pholadomya multicostata stronger and more widely separated than AGASSIZ, 1842 (original designation). median ones, and of posterior part of surface weakly ribbed or almost smooth with fairly strong concentric ribs only; Myoplwlas carinatus sp. nov. hinge feature, adductor scars and pallial Plate 9, figs. 17-21 line not clear.

Measurements in mm: Specimen Length Height 1/2 Thickness

GF. Y 450 (Holotype, left int. mOUld) 42.0 21. 0 11. 0 GF. Y 452 (Paratype, right valve) 32.0 16.0 7.0 102 Yoshihisa OHTA

Variation: The variation on the pre­ the posterior area, but the latter has sent species is not exactly known, but a concentric folds and subordinate radial young specimen (Y 452, Fig. 18) is- less threads. inflated and has a weaker posterior carina The present species is fairly similar than the adult one (Y450, Fig. 17). to the cosmopolitan species, Pholadomya Comparison: In many characters the (s. s.) candida SOWERBY, 1819, the type­ present species is closely allied to Myo­ species of the genus, ranging from Upper pholas multicostata (AGASSIZ, 1842), the Triassic to Recent, in the elongate-ovate type-species of the genus, from the Kim­ outline and the pustulation of surface meridgean of Switzerland. A sharp edge ornamentation. However, the latter is of thickening of dorsal margin and a strongly inequilateral and widely gaping mode of sculpture are also known in the at the posterior end and its dorsal latter species. But the latter has some umbonal ridge is not prominent as com­ submedian ribs of secondary strength in pared with the former. the inters paces of ribs and is larger and The present species is more or less more inflated than the former. M. similar to Neoburmesia iwakiensis Y ABE ledouxi DOUVILLE, 1907, from the Albian and SATO, 1942, from the Upper Jurassic of France is similar to the present Soma group in Japan in the surface orna­ species in the outline and surface orna­ mentation and strong carina, but the mentation, but is again larger and more terminal beak, the elongate-oblong outline inflated. M. minor HA YAM!. 1972, from of shell and the wide posterior gape are the Lower Jurassic of Southeast Asia, diagnostic to the latter. may also be related to the present Occurrence: Rather rare in the impure species. The latter has, however, a limestone beds consisting of gregareous strong carina and not so many radial Ostrea sp. of the Lower Cretaceous ribs as compared with the former. Yoshimo formation at loco Y51, Yoshimo, The present species seems to be com­ Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture. parable with Myopholas cfr. semicostata (AGASSIZ) of Y ABE and NAGAO, 1926, from the Shiroi formation with regard to Summary of the Results many characters, but the posterior carina appears to be stronger than in the latter From the above described observations species, and in the former surface of of new collections from the Shiroi, anteromedian part is covered with rows Yoshimo and Kawaguchi formations, the of minute granules at the intersection of following articles are led as a conclusion. radial and concentric ribs in contrast to 1. "Cyrena" shiroiensis Y ABE and smooth radial ribs in the latter species. NAGAO is a member of the subfamily The present species is fairly similar to Eomiodontinae and not that of the family Burmesia lirata HEALEY, 1908, from the Corbiculidae as Y ABE and NAGAO (1926) Rhaetian of Southeast Asia in the elon­ and KOBAYASHI and SUZUKI (1939) have gate-ovate outline, the surface ornamen­ considered respectively. tation and the edentulous hinge, but is 2. Isodomella, which was established for clearly distinguishable from the latter by this species as a section of Polymesoda the absence of spoon-like condrophore by KOBA YASHI and SUZUKI (1939), is extending into shell cavity from below emended in this paper as a genus of the beak. It has only concentric ribs on Eomiodontinae. 647. Two New Non-marine Bivalvia, Lower Cretaceous 103

3. KOBAYASHI and SUZUKI (1939) identi­ mesoda from the Tetori Group in the Hida fied the specimens from Y oshimo with Mountainland, Central Japan. Trans. Isodomella shiroiensis (Y ABE and NAGAO). Proc. Pal. Soc. Japan, N. S., (36) 157-160, However, they are clearly distinguished pI. 17, figs. 1-11. from I. shiroiensis from Shiroi in the MATSUMOTO, T. (1938): Geology of the Goshonoura Island, Amakusa, with special outline and the size of shell and the reference to the Cretaceous stratigraphy. ratio of H/L. Therefore, a new species, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 45, (532) 1-47, pis. Isodomella matsumotoi, is established 1-2. for the specimens from Y oshimo and -- ed. (1954): The Cretaceous System of Kawaguchi. the Japanese Islands. Japan. Soc. Pro­ 4. Another set of specimens from the motion Sci. Rep., Tokyo, 1-324, pis. 1-36. Yoshimo formation represents a new -- and KANMERA, K. (1952): Guide book species which resembles Myopholas dr. for geological excursions. The lower semicostata from the Shiroi formation in valley of the Kuma. Dept. Geol. Kyushu the outline, size and inflation of the shell, Univ., 1-71 (in Japanese). MOORE, R. C. [Editor] (1969): Treatise on but is distinguished in the strong carina Invertetebrate Paleontology. Part N, 2, and dissimilar surface ornamentation. 491-952, Geol. Soc. America, Inc. and Univ., Kansas. References OHTA, Y. (1973): Pelecypod family Neomio­ dontidae from the Lower Neocomian of CASEY, R. (1955): The Neomiodontidae, a Japan. Bull. Fukuoka Univ. Education, new family of the Arcticacea (Pelecy­ 22, (3) 245-273, pis. 1-3. poda). Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 31, SUZUKI, K. and OYAMA, K. (1943): Uberblick 208-222, pis. 1-2. tiber die Corbiculiden Ostasiens (Mater­ Cox, L. R. (1935): The Triassic, Jurassic ialien zur Monographic der Ostasiatischen and Cretaceous Gastropoda and Lamel­ Corbiculiden 1), Venus, 12, (3-4) 138-149. libranchia of the Attock district. Pala­ TAMURA, M. (1960): A note on Neobur­ eont. Indica, N. S., 20, (5) 1-27, pis. 1-2. mesia, a peculiar Jurassic pelecypod, with HAYAMI,1. (1965): Lower Cretaceous marine description of mytilids and myacids from pelecypods of Japan. Mem. Fac. Sci., the Upper Jurassic Soma Group in Japan. Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, Geology, 17, (2) Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., 73-150, pis. 7-21. (38) 275-283, pI. 32, figs. 21-24. -- (1972): Lower Jurassic Bivalvia from VOKES, H. E. (1946): Cotributions to the the Environs of Saigon. Geol. Palaeont. paleontology of the Lebanon Mountains. Southeast Asia, 10, 214-216, pI. 37, figs. Republic of Lebanon, Pt. 3. The plecy­ 1-6. pod fauna of the "Olive Locality" KOBAYASHI, T. and SUZUKI, K. (1936): Non­ (Aptian) at Abeih. Bull. Amer. Mus. marine shells of the Naktong-Wakino Nat. History, 87, (3) 139-216, pis. 1-10. Series. Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., 13, (3- WOODS, H. (1909): A monograph of the 4) 243-257, pis. 27-29. Cretaceous Lamellibranchia of England. _ .. and -- (1937): Non-marine shells of Palaeontogr. Soc. London, 2, (6) 217-260, the Jurassic Tetori Series in Japan. pis. 35-44. Ibid., 14, (1-2) 33-51, pis. 4, 5. YABE, H. and NAGAO, T. (1926): Cretaceous -- and -- (1939): The brackish Wealden Mollusca from the Sanchu-Graben in the fauna of the Yoshimo beds in provo Kwanto Mountainland, Japan. Sci. Rep. Nagato. Ibid., 16, (3-4) 213-224, pis. 13, Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2, 24. pI. 1, fig. 5; 14. pI. 2, figs. 11, 11a; pI. 3, figs. 21, 27, 27a, MAEDA, S. (1959): On two species of Poly- 27b. 104 Yoshihisa OHTA

YABE, H. and SATO, (1942): A new Bivalve Abukuma Mountainland. Proc. Imp. from the Jurassic Torinosu Series of the Acad. Tokyo, 1S(5), 251-254, text·figs. 1-3.

Bomekizawa 1*13:;f;:1R Shiroi S Fukami ~ 7J( Tochio l1J.1 *.El§ ± Kawaguchi )11 p Yoshimo I=t ffJ: Shimofukami T~7J(

Explanation of Plate 9

Figs. 1-13. Isodomella matsumotoi n. sp. vi l. Right valve, holotype (GF. Y147) x l.S v 2. Right internal mould, paratype (GF. Y142) x 2.0 1/3. Right valve, para type (GF. Y146) x l.6 v 4. Right internal mould (GF. YllO) , younger specimen x l.3 v 5. Right internal mould (GF. Y1ll), younger specimen x 0.9 V6. Right internal mould, para type (GF. Y103) x l.6 V 7. Right internal mould, paratype (GF. Yll2) x l.6 \/S. Left valve, paratype (GF. Y12S) x l.0 1/ 9. Left valve, para type (GF. Y130) x l.2 r. ../10. Left valve, paratype (GF. Y135) x l.2~-- <:J. L 1l. Left internal mould, para type (GF. &107) xl. 7 V 12. Left internal mould, paratype (GF. K2554) x 2.0 V 13. Bivalved internal mould, para type (GF. Yll3) x l.5 Figs. 14-16. Isodomella shiroiensis (YABE and NAGAO) [/14. Left internal mould (GF. S4010) x 0.9 vi5. Left internal mould (GF. S4012) x 2.0 v'16. Left internal mould (GF. S40ll) x 2.0 Figs. 17-2l. Myopholas carinatus n. sp. V 17. Left internal mould, holotype (GF. Y 450) xl. 7 V IS. Right valve, paratype (GF. Y452) x l.0 r/ 19. Left internal mould (GF. Y451) x 1.0 ,/ 20. Left valve (GF. Y 453) xl. 7 V2l. Left external mould (GF. Y 457) xl. 7 oHT A : Two new non-marine Bivalvia, Lower Cretace o~~s Plate 9 105

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New Series No. 98 june 30, 1975

CONTENTS

TRANSACTIONS

646. KIMURA, Tatsuaki: Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants newly found from the Upper Course of the Kuzuryu River Area, Fukui Prefecture, japan 55

647 . OI-ITA , Yoshihisa: Two new Non-marine Species of Bivalvia from the Lower Cretaceous of Southwest japan ...... 95

PROCEEDINGS ...... 94

..