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The Molluscan Fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida Part Vi

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The Molluscan Fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida Part Vi UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE ALUM BLUFF GROUP OF FLORIDA PART VI. PTEROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA AND CTENOBRANCHIA (IN PART) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 142-F UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Professional Paper 142 F THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE ALUM BLUFF GROUP OF FLORIDA BY JULIA GARDNER PART VI. PTEROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA, AND CTENOBRANCHIA (IN PART) Published November 1, 1937 (Pages 251 435) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1937 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, I). C. CONTENTS Page List of localities_____________________________________________________________________________________________ in Introduction _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 251 S3Tstematic descriptions.______________________________________________________________________________________ 257 Class Gastropoda------_--_--_-_-_---._______________________________________________________________--__ 257 Subclass Euthyneura_________________________________________________________________________________ 257 Order Pteropoda.________________________________________________________________________________ 257 Suborder Thecosomata.______________________________________________________________________ 257 Family Cavolinidae._____________________________________________________________________ 257 Order Opisthobranchia___________________________________________________________________________ 258 Suborder Tectibranchiata.____________________________________________________________________ 258 Family Acteonidae_____________________________________________________________________ 258 Family Acteocinidae_____________________________________________________________________ 261 Family Scaphandridae__-____-_-___________----__-_______-_-_________-____________-__-__ 268 Family Bullidae.___ -.____--.___._.._._..--___._____.._._._____._._.__.._____._..__.__. 272 Family Akeratidae________________________________________________________________________ 273 Family Ringiculidae._____________________________________________________________________ 274 Family Aplysidae._______________________________________________________________________ 276 Subclass Streptoneura._______________________________________________________________________________ 277 Order Ctenobranchia_._______.__________________________________________._________________ _.____ 277 Suborder Stenoglossa._________________________________________________________________________ 277 Superfamily Toxoglossa___.__-__-____-_______________-.-________.__________-_____.--_.__ 277 Family Terebridae.--.------__--_-__-_._--__---_____--_-__.-____._-__-___.--.__--.--- 277 FamflyTurritidae-.-_-_.--..___._..-_..-_._..__...__..___........_._..._...-.. _ 287 Family Conidae._____.__________.__._____._._._.___________________..__.____..___.._ 357 Family Cancellaridae_______________________________________________________________ 364 Superfamily Rhachiglossa.________________________________________________________________ 378 Family Olividae._..____..____._.___ _.....___._.________________..______. 378 Family Marginellidae________________________________________________________________ 386 Family Volutidae___.-_____________________________________________________________ 403 Family Mitridae_____________________________________________________________________ 405 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE XXXVII. Pteropoda and Tectibranchiata_-_______________-_____-___________--_-__-___-______l__-_-_---__ 424 XXXVIII. Terebridae and Turritidae.___________________________________________________________________ 425 XXXIX-XLII. Turritidae-_____________________________________________________________________________ 426-429 XLIII. Conidae._________________________________________________________________________________ 430 XLIV, XLV. Cancellaridae.______--______________.__________________________________._____________--._ 431, 432 XLVI. Olividae and Marginellidae..._______________.__________.___.___________.____ 433 XLVII. Marginellidae___..._--___________.________________.......__________________________ 434 XLVIIL Volutidae and Mitridae......_._..._..._____.__-_-______..._________._____....___ 435 ii LIST OF LOCALITIES The following list shows the localities cited by num­ 5080. First ravine below Shell Bluff, Shoal River, Walton Coun­ ber in the text and tables: ty, Fla. 5184. First ravine below Shell Bluff, Shoal River, Walton 2211. Lower bed, Alum Bluflf, Liberty County, Fla. County, Fla. 2212. Tenmile Creek, 1 mile west of Baileys Ferry, Calhoun 5193. Crowder's Crossing, \% miles below Shell Bluff, Shoal County, Fla. River, Walton County, Fla. 2213. 1 mile below Baileys Ferry, Chipola River, Calhoun 5195. First ravine below Shell Bluff, Shoal River, Walton County, Fla. County, Fla. 2214. Tenmile Creek, 1 mile west of Baileys Ferry, Calhoun 5618. B/zl miles southwest of De Funiak Springs, Walton County, County, Fla. Fla. 2238. Flournoy's millrace, 2 miles east of Argyle, Walton 5630. 100 yards below Oak Grove Bridge, Yellow River, Oka­ County, Fla. loosa County, Fla. 2564. McClelland farm, 1 mile below Baileys Ferry, Calhoun 5631. Oak Grove Bridge, Yellow River, Okaloosa County, Fla. County, Fla. 5632. Oak Grove, Yellow River, Okaloosa County, Fla. 2645. McClellan farm, Shoal River, 5 miles northwest of Mossy- 5633. Oak Grove, Yellow River, Okaloosa County, Fla. head, Walton County, Fla. 6175. Left bank of Suwannee River three-fourths mile above 2646. Oak Grove, Yellow River, Okaloosa County, Fla. White Springs, Columbia County, Fla. 2652. Horse Creek, 1}4 miles south of Oak Grove, Okaloosa 6776. Spring on left bank of Suwannee River about 100 yards County, Fla. above Rock Island and about half a mile above White 3417. Alum Bluff, 35 miles below railroad bridge over Apalachi- Springs, Columbia County, Fla. cola River, Liberty County, Fla. 7054. 400 feet below bridge, Oak Grove, Okaloosa County, Fla. 3419. McClelland farm, 1 mile below Baileys Ferry, Calhoun 7055. Old Senterfeit mill, 4}^ miles southwest of Laurel Hill, County, Fla. Okaloosa County, Fla. 3731. Near Mossyhead, sec. 6, T. 3 N., R. 21 W., Walton County, 7148. Gastropod Gulch, 5% miles southeast of Bainbridge, Fla. Decatur County, Ga. 3732. Dave Adams Mill Creek, sec. 2, T. 3 N., R. 21 W., Walton 7151. Tenmile Creek, Calhoun County, Fla. County, Fla. 7183. Alum Bluff (lower bed), Liberty County, Fla. 3733. Three-fourths mile west of Shell Bluff, Shoal River, 7256. Look and Tremble Shoals, Chipola River, Calhoun Walton County, Fla. County, Fla. 3742. Shell Bluff, Shoal River, Walton County, Fla. 7257. Sexton's marl bed, sec. 11, T. 1 N., R. 10 W., Tenmile 3747. 8 miles southwest of Lake De Funiak, Walton County, Fla. Creek, Calhoun County, Fla. 3748. Summerville millrace, 1 mile east of Argyle, Walton 7261. Upper Alaqua Lethu (?) Bluff, near De Funiak Springs, County, Fla. Walton County, Fla. 3749. Alien Senterfeit's mill, 3 or 4 miles north of Campton, 7264. De Funiak Cardium beds, Alaqua, Walton County, Fla. Okaloosa County, Fla. 7468. Sopchoppy, Wakulla County, Fla. 3856. 6 miles west-northwest of Mossyhead, Walton County, Fla. 7893. Boynton Landing, Choctawhatchee River, Washington 5079. One-half mile below Shell Bluff, Shoal River, Walton County, Fla. County, Fla. m THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE ALUM BLUFF GROUP OF FLORIDA By JULIA GARDNER PART VI. PTEROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA, AND CTENOBRANCHIA (IN PART) INTRODUCTION of this chapter. Two hundred and forty-one species and subspecies have been discriminated, but less than Part VI (F) of Professional Paper 142, the first part 10 percent of these are conspicuous in the number of of the Gastropoda of the Alum Bluff group, covers all individuals. The Terebras in the Shoal River forma­ of the opisthobranchs and eight large families of the tion, the turritids of the old Turns and Surcula types ctenobranchs. No land shells have been reported and in the Chipola and Shoal River, and Conus and Can- only 2 pteropods, so that the order of the opisthobranchs cellaria in the Shoal River stand out by reason of their is represented chiefly by the 36 species and subspecies abundance. The turritids are representatives of groups of tectibranchs. widespread and prolific in the mid-American Tertiary, In the molluscan fauna of the Alum Bluff group the and the common Terebras, cones, and Cancellarias in bivalves are by far the more numerous in individuals, the Shoal River are of unusual interest because they but the univalve fauna is more varied and includes a are so closely related to mid-American species. The greater number of species. Possibly for the reason relatively slight representation in the Oak Grove sand that many of the gastropods are carnivorous or subsist is doubtless a reflection of the cooler water during that in part on a meat diet witness the "drill shells" stage. The opisthobranehs are many of them inhabit­ they range more widely and are able to maintain them­ ants of the deeper waters, and some of them are selves in an unfavorable environment but meet with pelagic, so that as a group they are not good indicators stronger competition, which reduces their numbers. of early Tertiary shore conditions or of relationships to The bivalves are more restricted in their diet and by contemporary faunas. The Terebras and turritids, their diet, and though they are more rigidly excluded cones,
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