Records of the Canterbury Museum, 2019 Vol. 33: 31–77 © Canterbury Museum 2019 31

The sea was going mountains high: Shipboard accounts at Canterbury Museum Lyndon Fraser1, Joanna Szczepanski2*, Emily Rosevear3 1University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, 8140, Email: [email protected] 2Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8013, New Zealand; *Present address, Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision, 70 Molesworth Street, 6011, New Zealand Email: joannaszczepanski@ngātaonga.org.nz 3University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand Email: [email protected] This paper presents the initial findings from a collaborative and cross-institutional history project between researchers at the University of Canterbury and Canterbury Museum. We aimed to establish the number and provenance of the extant shipboard narratives currently held by the Museum for the period 1842 to 1914. One of the major findings of our work has been the fact that the Museum holds more than 200 personal narratives, some of which have associated artefacts or images. This makes the collection one of the largest of its type in New Zealand and certainly very significant in the wider context of Australasian migration history. Our discussion is in three main parts. In the first, we report on the provenance and broad parameters of the collection. We focus here on the types of shipboard accounts, explore the backgrounds of the writers and reveal and explain the patterns of acquisition. The second section links our narratives to the available historiography. Here we highlight some of the major themes that emerge in this literature and examine how historians have used this kind of primary source material in their work. In the final section, we give one example of an area of shipboard history that has been little studied by historians and which emerges from the collection. We offer a close reading of four accounts kept by married men to cast further light on the gendered dimensions of everyday life at sea with a particular focus on intimacy and the performance of masculinity. Keywords: intimacy, masculinities, migration, nineteenth century, shipboard

Introduction

On 3 August 1858, James Goss, a shared with his wife, Sarah, and their daughter, carpenter, wrote in his diary of the “intense Emma, aged 18 months. The ship was towed to confusion” that he observed aboard the Indiana Gravesend for its final preparations the next day, over the previous 2 days at one of the city’s inner including the Board of Trade inspections and docks. “If one can picture to oneself about 150 issuing of “rules and regulations”. James thought children of all sorts and sizes, Squalling and this wise given the “unruly lot” on board and the crying”, he began, “and as many women scolding prospect of hard living in such “close quarters” and grumbling, and the men below deck rattling for several months. Their journey to Lyttelton and banging the luggage about … then one may began in earnest on 5 August as the Indiana have a slight idea of the commencement of an weighed anchor and started down the Thames: emigrant’s life”. It was an experience that he There is a beautiful breeze blowing 32 Lyndon Fraser et al

Figure 1. A chart showing the number of shipboard accounts held at Canterbury Museum with known acquisition dates. A full list of shipboard accounts is available in the appendix. CPESA = Canterbury Pilgrims Early Settlers Association. The sea was going mountains high 33

tonight which is a fair wind … and now the arrived in Lyttelton 66 years earlier.2 As Figure sailors are running up the rigging like so 1 illustrates, this remained the only shipboard many cats, unfolding the sails and getting account in the collection until the middle of her in good trim. So off we go, sailors pulling the twentieth century when regional interest in and singing, but many an anxious eye and great maritime migrations under sail in the mid heart too looks back to those we are leaving, to late nineteenth century expanded. In 1950, and leaving perhaps forever (Goss 1858: Canterbury was due to celebrate the centenary of 1–2). the foundation of the ’s James, Sarah and Emma Goss were among the settlement and the arrival in 1850 of the scheme’s many thousands of migrants who left British : theRandolph (Fig. 2), the , ports to make new lives half the world from the Sir George Seymour and the home in New Zealand. Like some of his fellow (Fig. 3). Although people had been living in the passengers in steerage, James kept a diary area before 1850, Cookson (2000) explains that that recorded his experiences at sea and the the Canterbury Association settlers brought departure scenes he so vividly described would with them a sense of Englishness, Anglicanism have been common to most emigrants during and elitism which came to define the provincial the great age of sail. A transcript of his narrative capital, Christchurch. He argues that the reality is currently held by Canterbury Museum of the city’s identity was much more complex and forms part of a much wider collection of but nevertheless the idealised version persisted, shipboard accounts from the nineteenth and giving the arrival of the ships a near mythic early twentieth centuries. In this paper we aim status. to establish the number and provenance of these As the centenary approached, the province in extant writings.1 general and Canterbury Museum in particular The first section reports our findings in this began to reflect on the last 100 years and look area, explores the backgrounds of the writers at ways of marking the milestone. In 1949, the and reveals and explains patterns of acquisition. Museum hired its first professional librarian, The second section links our narratives to the John C Wilson, and set about organising the available historiography. Here we highlight some library’s two main areas of focus: science and of the major themes that emerge in this literature Canterbury archives. The looming centenary and examine how historians have used this accelerated efforts to collect items relating to kind of primary source material in their work. the province’s colonial history (Canterbury In the final section, we give one example of an Museum Trust Board 1950). While Canterbury area of shipboard history that has been little Museum’s initial collecting efforts in the mid studied by historians and which emerges from nineteenth century were rooted in the idea of the collection. We offer a close reading of four establishing an encyclopaedic collection with accounts kept by married men like James Goss items from around the world (Fyfe 2010), by to cast further light on the gendered dimensions 1949, the idea to collect local history was not a of everyday life at sea, with a particular focus on new one. A concerted effort to collect items from intimacy and the performance of masculinity the region’s colonial history began in 1909 when within the confines of the emigrant ships. a department of colonial history was founded. There were already items relating to Canterbury’s Collecting Shipboard Accounts earliest British and Irish settlers in the collection before 1909, but the acquisitions became part of Canterbury Museum began collecting shipboard the Museum’s collections during the lifetimes accounts in 1925 when a Mrs Alabaster of these people and did not necessarily reflect presented the diary of Charles Alabaster the view that this kind of history needed to be written on board the Strathallen, which had preserved before it was lost to living memory. 34 Lyndon Fraser et al

The deposit of the Canterbury Pilgrims Shipboard accounts continued to trickle in and Early Settlers Association’s (CPESA) large and by 1964, the Museum decided to make a collection of papers, photographs and books more concerted effort to expand this portion in 1949 accounts for the majority of the mid of its archives. A public appeal to collect more twentieth-century influx of shipboard accounts shipboard diaries was made with an eye to into the Museum. The CPESA formed in 1923 include them in a planned publication, although because the anniversary day that marked the it does not appear that it was ever produced. arrival of the first four ships in that year had been Eleven people answered the appeal and while neglected. Membership was initially restricted they were happy to share the information, to those who had arrived before March 1851 most were unwilling to part with the original and their direct descendants but this was later diaries. As a result, most of the diaries were broadened out. By 1933, anyone who had lived transcribed and then returned to their owners in Canterbury for 50 years or had otherwise been (Canterbury Museum Trust Board 1965). A approved by the executive could join. The CPESA few more accounts were added to the collection aimed to spread knowledge of and encourage during the latter half of the 1960s, perhaps as a interest in Canterbury’s history and this was partly delayed response to the 1964 appeal. It was not accomplished by collecting items associated with until two decades later that collecting in this area the province’s British settlers.3 Amongst their mushroomed. collection were 14 shipboard accounts. During the 1970s and 1980s, genealogy and

Figure 2. A watercolour of one of the Canterbury Association’s first four ships,The . James Edward Fitzgerald (1818–1896). The Museum holds shipboard accounts from theRandolph ; diaries by Charles Bridge, Cyrus Davie, Richard John Phillip Fleming and Joseph Parson Lee as well as letters by Joseph Parson Lee and John and Mary Stanley. Canterbury Museum 1938.238.6 The sea was going mountains high 35 family history gained increasing popularity as accounts includes 229 documents with varying a hobby in Canterbury, just as it did in other formats, such as diaries, letters, shipboard parts of the world (Little 2011; Rodriguez newspapers and a few reminiscences written 2014). Enquiries to the Museum’s library rose after the voyage. Most are photocopies or exponentially and the Museum quickly set about transcriptions but there are original documents, photocopying resources and ordering microfilm and some accounts have multiple copies. A copies to meet the increased public demand strength of this collection is that several voyages (Canterbury Museum Trust Board 1983, 1985, have multiple accounts from different authors 1987). Strong public interest in family history enabling a fuller picture of the voyage. Most of resulted in a huge influx of shipboard accounts the accounts were written by men and steerage into the Museum’s collection beginning at the passengers are relatively well represented within end of the 1970s and continuing steadily until the collection (Fig. 4). These patterns are plainly the end of the millennium (Fig. 1). Although evident in the appendix but what is not clear from genealogy remains incredibly popular as a this information is the extent to which English pastime, acquisitions of shipboard diaries have and Scottish Protestant voices are dominant, slowed down in recent years. Perhaps most or all while those of women, the Irish-born and of the surviving accounts have now made their Catholics are badly underrepresented relative to way into public collections. their share of Canterbury’s nineteenth-century The Museum’s collection of shipboard migration intake and population.

Figure 3. A watercolour of one of the Canterbury Association’s first four ships,The Charlotte Jane. James Edward Fitzgerald (1818–1896). The artist was a passenger on this ship. The Museum holds diaries by Edward War, Alfred and Emma Barker, Mary Ann Bishop and Lucy Large Howard from this voyage, as well as a shipboard newspaper The Cockroach and reminiscences from Jane Whitmore. Canterbury Museum 1938.238.9 36 Lyndon Fraser et al

Figure 4. A lithograph of steerage passengers between decks on an immigrant ship. The London Illustrated News. 17 August 1850. Canterbury Museum 1949.136.2

Analysing Shipboard Accounts first impressions, health and death. These topics were covered comprehensively in a well-known What do shipboard accounts like those held and much-cited book on the voyage to Australia. by Canterbury Museum tell us about the past? Don Charlwood’s The Long Farewell, published Many historians have made use of these sources in 1981, was lavishly illustrated and provided in their research, often to give a general sense of considerable space for the testimony of ordinary everyday life at sea. In an essay written in 1980, migrants (Charlwood 1981). One is struck now for example, Nigel Wace gave what is still one by its unusual structure, the experiments with of the best short overviews of the voyage out to font sizes and the eclectic image research. Yet New Zealand and Australia (Wace 1980). He it succeeds quite brilliantly in capturing the traced the routes that vessels followed regardless textures of shipboard lives and the emotions that of the season and split the journey into two migrant writers felt and expressed at sea. halves of roughly equal length, each with its own Don Charlwood and other scholars like ‘character and duration’: the Atlantic leg and the Helen Woolcock and Andrew Hassam were run east through the southern latitudes. Wace an important influence on how New Zealand pulled together material from a swathe of 230 historians approached the voyage out (Woolcock diaries and letters, far more than most of the 1986; Hassam 1994). Charlotte Macdonald’s scholars who worked this ground in later years. classic study of single women migrants to His succinct description of the maritime sphere is nineteenth-century Canterbury is a case in point colourful and touches on themes that historians (Macdonald 1990). A Woman of Good Character would later explore including accommodation, features one of the most evocative chapters on food, leisure, conflict, human-animal relations, Victorian maritime worlds in print. It combines The sea was going mountains high 37 provincial government records, official papers, out from “the virgins’ cage” as they did to sailors family memory and a relatively small number on the Cardigan Castle en route to Lyttelton in of shipboard diaries. We get a real sense of 1876 (Hastings 2006: 184). There is originality what life was like for young women “packed in his detailed treatments of shipboard time, of like so many cattle” into a physically segregated crime and punishment, of storms and weather compartment of the ship, which they shared and in tensions that could lead to individual with a dark menagerie of rats, fleas, head lice or inter-group conflict. The latter formed the and cockroaches. These single migrants were basis for a new strand of research by Angela subjected to forms of shipboard discipline that McCarthy who extended the Hastings analysis featured “an element of repression as well as in two excellent studies that cast new light on protection” (Macdonald 1990: 83). The title of the experiences of Irish and Scottish migrants to Macdonald’s book neatly captures contemporary New Zealand (McCarthy 2005, 2011). She made anxieties about the safety of women in transit use of letter sequences and dozens of shipboard and a perceived need to protect them from diaries to investigate familiar themes such as the unwanted sexual advances of captains, conflict, food and leisure, but also added some crew and male passengers. The movement of fresh ones: the treatment of language and accent, single women, their hours on deck and their the representation of national characteristics and communications with others were all sharply the significance of religious belief and practice. curtailed and enforced by shipboard matrons, These insights have been brought together few of whom seemed competent to take the rather wonderfully in McCarthy’s chapter in an formal authority granted to them. important publication New Zealand and the Sea Whereas Macdonald and other writers like (McCarthy 2018). Colin Amodeo (2000) focused on particular Diaries and other forms of writing at sea ships or types of migrant, New Zealand lacked have offered significant insights into the social a wide-ranging study to match the Australian history of health and medicine in Australia and research until 2006. David Hastings’ Over the New Zealand as well as in Britain and Ireland. Mountains of the Sea provided a much-needed Helen Woolcock’s finely detailedRights of general history of nineteenth-century maritime Passage, based on her doctoral research at the life that is highly readable, well-illustrated University College, London, used a variety of and incisive (Hastings 2006). He examined sources to examine the transit of immigrants 250 voyages from the Vogel period of mass to nineteenth-century Queensland. She based immigration from 1870–1885 for which there her analysis mainly on official publications and were 82 diaries. It is significant that these correspondence, passenger lists and reports, to accounts, drawn mainly from the Alexander which she added a small number of migrant Turnbull Library, represented a good cross- diaries, letters and ship surgeon’s accounts. The section of the immigrant ships. About half were picture that emerges from her work is remarkable. from steerage, nearly one-third were women and Between the years 1860 and 1900, Queensland’s his ‘archive’ included ships’ officers, surgeons, health-care policies and regulations were strictly matrons, married and single people, and first enforced on most immigrant vessels, resulting and second-class passengers. Hastings deployed in a 99% passenger survival rate and experiences the notion of a ‘social map’ to capture the way at sea that were “safe, healthy and tolerable” space was structured on board ship according (Woolcock 1986: xviii). to gender, class and marital status. The extensive Woolcock’s pioneering study has been evidentiary base he constructed enabled him to extended by Robin Haines in a series of provide a corrective to Macdonald’s emphasis on articles and in a landmark book entitled Life “sexual predations” and, in fact, shows that single and Death in the Age of Sail: The Passage to women were far from passive ciphers, reaching Australia (Haines 2003). Like her earlier work 38 Lyndon Fraser et al

on Britain and Ireland’s labouring poor and gendered lens through which Victorian medical Australian emigration, she focuses squarely professionals viewed women’s symptoms with on the maritime experiences of government- a central focus “on their bodies, moods and assisted working-class people. Haines uses speech”, and the strong possibility that some similar source materials to Woolcock, as we migrants were shipped abroad by poor families might expect, but what sets her study apart and and law authorities for the benefit of their provides useful guidance for future historians health. It seems likely that Jane T was previously is her willingness to place eyewitness records at an inmate at Bodmin Asylum in Cornwall and the very centre of the book. The use of migrant she was admitted immediately after her arrival letters, especially, reminds us that shipboard to Christchurch’s Sunnyside Lunatic Asylum, accounts extended beyond diaries, as we have where she died in 1888. McCarthy supplements observed for Canterbury Museum’s collection. these kinds of sources with shipboard diaries Here she follows the lead of the late David kept by migrants like Jane Findlayson on the Fitzpatrick, whose work on nineteenth-century Oamaru to Port Chalmers in 1876 and shows Irish Australian correspondence in Oceans of how this testimony provides further insights into Consolation stands as an indispensable text the causes of insanity and the ways that it was (Fitzpatrick 1994). As Haines explains, migrant portrayed and understood by contemporaries. letters – like diaries and recollections – give us Shipboard accounts have been particularly compelling “insights into the hearts and minds useful for historians keen to explore the social of people whose voices in history have tended and cultural history of death in the context of to remain subdued” (Haines 2003: 37). Their nineteenth-century migration. Patricia Jalland’s testimony brings a much-needed personal Australian research, for example, speaks to the dimension to an analysis of migrant health transnational dimensions of Victorian society, experiences at sea and the success of colonial mobility and religion, and draws attention to authorities in lowering maritime death rates the ways that migrants handled their relations during the age of sail.4 with death and the dead (Jalland 2002). Recent What of mental illness on the voyage to New work by Robin Haines, David Hastings, Angela Zealand? This important topic had been ignored McCarthy and Lyndon Fraser has provided by scholars until relatively recently, despite the a much deeper understanding of mortality clear evidence of its significance in accounts rates and deathways on colonial-era voyages to like those held by Canterbury Museum. Angela Australasian ports (Haines 2003; Hastings 2006; McCarthy has now explored this aspect of McCarthy 2011; Fraser 2012). Collections such everyday life at sea in several detailed studies. as those held by Canterbury Museum show that This exciting new work makes use of a number the long ocean voyage and prospect of a ‘watery of different kinds of writing, including asylum grave’ did not undermine Christianity, nor did it casebooks, the reports of immigration officials, represent an ‘abrupt termination’ of older death newspapers and medical journals (McCarthy practices or attitudes. As Fraser shows, death at 2015). But it also draws upon similar narratives sea was greatly feared by Victorian migrants. It to the ones we have documented for this paper. disrupted familiar relations between the living McCarthy’s moving story of Cornish-born Jane and the dead, created anxieties over the fate of T, for example, a passenger on the Merope to corpses, and challenged models of “the good Lyttelton in 1875, is based on the exhaustive death” (Fraser 2017: 9). As we might expect, report of the ship’s Surgeon Superintendent John responses to death and loss varied according Hassard. This case, she suggests, reveals much to denomination, gender, marital status, class, about madness in the maritime sphere; the ways age and region. What is clear, however, is in which doctors documented mental illness that migrant writers tended to construct the in both physical and behavioural terms, the meaning of individual deaths in terms of their The sea was going mountains high 39 own Christian beliefs (Fraser 2017: 9). passenger: “I pity anyone who has to be confined The subject of birth at sea is also an extremely in a ship, it is terrible work, so much noise and important one given that large numbers of rolling, nothing nice or tempting to be had, it married women were pregnant at the time of does seem hard”.5 their departure from Britain. Many of the studies mentioned above touch upon childbirth but the Married Men, Intimacy and Masculinity at grittiest and most realistic narrative was penned Sea by a male historian. David Hastings’ brilliant description of Catherine Holmes’ labour on the Over the last four decades, then, historians have Chile in 1873 was based on the account of her used shipboard accounts to explore various diligent surgeon, Millen Coughtrey: aspects of maritime worlds in the nineteenth Holmes went into labour with short, century. More recently, as we have seen, scholars grinding pains on 12 September and that have posed new questions to these familiar night came the ‘show’, a bloody discharge sources and yielded fresh insights into topics indicating the serious work was about to as diverse as mental illness, birth and religion. begin. Coughtrey recorded in his medical They have also exploited personal testimony to journal that labour increased until six provide clues about patterns or transformations o’clock the next morning when he examined at both ends of the voyage, as we see very clearly internally and found the cervix soft and with research into the successful containment pliable. Labour continued throughout of disease at sea and how this connects with the day and at five o’clock that afternoon “the adult mortality revolution” in Britain Holmes allowed Coughtrey to draw off her (Haines 2003: 17). Our goal in this section is waters. Two hours later he examined her much more modest. In what follows, we want again and made out the presentation; 24 to bring attention to a topic that emerges from hours after labour had started in earnest many of the accounts in the collection but the baby’s head had just reached the pelvic has been neglected by historians. The public brim… (Hastings 2006: 197–198). performance of masculinity and the nature of Hastings has readers in suspense and more intimacy and emotions for married men at sea drama is about to unfold. Coughtrey gives is worthy of greater attention. It seems clear Holmes an infusion of ergot to increase her from the available evidence that the traditional contractions, which had become feeble. It had patterns of gendered caregiving and duties that the desired impact but, with the end in sight, we associate with Victorian-era domesticity the umbilical cord gets wrapped around the were often reversed on the voyage (Hastings baby’s head. The surgeon acts quickly, just 2006: 84–86). Married men took responsibility before Holmes’ final push and the baby girl is for cooking in steerage, looked after children delivered, resuscitated and handed to its mother and nursed sick wives, a significant minority by the nurse, Bridget Hunter (Hastings 2006: of whom were pregnant. For their part, women 198). Births at sea, like the one depicted here, writers expressed great pain at their separation were much more common than we previously from families and friends and anxiety about realised. Alison Clarke’s research shows that their futures. Unlike their men, married women birth rates on the New Zealand voyages “were were often sick. They spent longer below among the highest in the oceanic world” (Clarke decks and struggled with restrictive clothing 2016). The experience of childbirth would no and notions of respectability when ships were doubt have varied for migrant women, but becalmed in the tropics. The best explanation one cannot help but be struck by the words of for the blurring of gendered patterns of work Emily Summerhays aboard the Halcione to New at sea turns, perhaps, on sheer necessity rather Plymouth in 1875, who had assisted another than ideas about male observations of crew or 40 Lyndon Fraser et al

men’s desires for productive labour. The tasks moaned but did not wake. As I gazed on her like food preparation that these men performed troubled countenance I felt overwhelmed were essential ones for familial survival. with remorse for bringing her and her young What do the surviving accounts reveal sister into the perils that I felt intuitively about intimacy and masculinities at sea? We surrounded us. I then fell on my knees in a offer a close reading of four accounts kept by long and earnest prayer, committed them married men to provide tentative answers to and myself to the care of my Heavenly these questions. The first of these men, William Father, and was soon also asleep (Smith Smith, was a cabin class passenger born in 1823 1853: 6–7). at Cheddleton, on the Staffordshire moors. He The next morning, William committed penned a retrospective account of his 1852 himself to caring for Lizzie and Annie “in all the voyage to Canterbury on the barque Minerva that horrors and hopelessness of sea sickness. I could weaves together later reflections with personal not leave the poor sufferers for a moment to go testimony from his diary. Smith had married on deck even though I felt an almost irresistible his beloved, Lizzie, that year and sweetened desire to do so”. He heard the crashing waves, his plans for emigration by cannily offering the yells of the pilot and officers and the “heavy to bring along her younger sister, 17-year-old tramp” of desperate crew as the Minerva changed Annie. After emotional farewells at Delton, the tack. “Wretched indeed!” he wrote in his journal three travellers made their way to London and on 5 October 1852: stayed at the Caledonian Hotel, near the Strand, Oh! That we had gone down to Plymouth to await the fitting out of their cabins. The task to embark! Tremendous gale from the West. accomplished, they went by rail to Gravesend on Driven back time after time to Dungeness. “a wild and tempestuous day” and boarded their Oh! The horrors of last night! Lizzie delirious maritime ‘home’. The newly wed William, whose – raving of home! How the poor child did call nerve almost failed him before the ship left the on her Mother! Then she talked with child- dock, was equal to the “trying cares” required like glee about going home, mentioning in when a severe gale was encountered off the chalk a fond anticipation each cherished name. headland of North Foreland on the Kent coast May He who alone can calm the winds and (Smith 1853: 6). still the raging of the sea look in mercy on William had forewarning of the troubles us and tenderly regard these dear lambs of ahead. On the first night, he recalled “leaving mine (Smith 1853: 7). the girls to make their preparations for passing William was not only “a good sailor” but the night” by going on deck to smoke his pipe also a resourceful one. He extended his care the and ascertain what he could about the weather. next day to two young women in a cabin next It was there that he heard a “grave” conversation to Annie’s who were in “a state of exhaustion” between the Captain and First Officer that from sea sickness. “Fortunately before leaving signalled a “deadly struggle” beyond the river. London”, he recalled, “I had brought a small His description of the cabin scene when he went tin contrivance for boiling water even in the below decks reveals much about the nature of his roughest weather, so I could make plenty of relationship, the strength of his Christian faith arrowroot, and having abundance of wine I and his belief in the efficacy of prayer: managed to keep them and my helpless ones And so in the black darkness and alive through those dreadful days and nights”. tempest was our voyage commenced… I The ship made it back to Plymouth for repairs saw through the door which communicated and time ashore, the Captain warning him to between the two cabins that Annie was watch “the girls” in case they fled at the prospect fast asleep in her berth. Lizzie was also in of further dangers on an angry sea (Smith 1853: a deep but uneasy slumber; she started and 7). The sea was going mountains high 41

Figure 5. The front cover of William Henry Jewell’s shipboard diary. Canterbury Museum X4204

William’s easy adjustment to the maritime Museum’s collection and takes the form of a world was not an experience shared by all male diary that was sent home to his mother, Sarah, writers. Kerry-born Matthew Moriarty, the at Killaghtee. His health was not great during second son of a rector’s household in Donegal, the initial stages of the voyage but he seemed had nursed his elder brother, Robert, through to gain strength over time. This transformation tuberculosis during their time at Trinity College, was neatly captured by his comments on Quail Dublin. His physician considered him at threat Island: from the disease and recommended a long sea I am as fat as a fool and though the voyage and an outdoor life as the best remedies. sailors thought I came on board to die of According to family memory, Matthew was consumption we are all like a jolly lot at offered a job on a sheep station in the Ashburton Portrush with the advantage of knowing district. It was during the period before his each other and knowing who prefers departure for Canterbury that he met Julia different games and amusement (Moriarty Adams while staying with relatives at Coleraine. 1878–1879: 60). They fell in love and were married quickly – The gradual return to vigour was much at Julia’s insistence – so that they could travel needed for Julia spent most of the voyage ill, together to the province. The couple embarked sometimes for days on end, and Matthew on the Northern Monarch in Plymouth at the became her nurse: end of October 1878 and arrived in Lyttelton 3 11th [January 1879] months later, only to be quarantined on Quail Julia is very ill to-day, her head and Island for 2 weeks due to a measles outbreak. stomach are uncomfortable, Doctor gave Matthew’s account offers some of the best her some medicine. observations of everyday life at sea in the 12th 42 Lyndon Fraser et al

Figure 6. A page from William Henry Jewell’s shipboard diary. Canterbury Museum X4204

Julia very ill to-day feverish, tooth aching, January. Matthew noted that “her worst time sore throat and headache, a great deal of is at night, she cannot sleep and is so tired and sickness in the ship caused I suppose by the sleepy in the day time and cannot eat anything, damp and cold (Moriarty 1878–1879: 47). only drink, drink, drink” (Moriarty 1878–1879: Julia rallied briefly, much to Matthew’s relief, 55). Land proves to be a saviour, just as he had but he recorded on 18 January that she was hoped, “If this does not make her well, nothing “ill in bed suffering from violent pain in her will. It makes my heart so low I cannot write of side” (Moriarty 1878–1879: 52). By 22 January anything now” (Moriarty 1878–1879: 56). Julia she was “still ill and sometimes better, in bed regained her appetite in the summer warmth generally, but cannot stay sometimes so she gets on Quail Island and gradually recovered her up” (Moriarty 1878–1879: 54). Two days later strength. “This is one of the happiest times of my he penned an entry that revealed his deeper life”, Matthew told his mother, “and I go up to the feelings: Church with a light heart as my darling is getting Julia is still very ill, but for my care for her old self again” (Moriarty 1878–1879: 60). her just now these notes would be more What of married men’s experiences in interesting. But though I can do nothing for steerage? The beautiful leather-bound diary her all my thoughts are so much hers. I can of William Jewell, a carpenter from Cornwall, think of nothing else just now (Moriarty offers some clues (Figs 5 and 6). It is one of three 1878–1879: 54). items held by Canterbury Museum that relate to Her condition had not improved by 28 his voyage to Canterbury with his wife, Grace, on The sea was going mountains high 43

Figure 7. William and Grace Jewell’s embarkation order. Canterbury Museum ARC1900.281 item 1 the Echunga in 1862. In addition to the written For example, it contains a catalogue of the books account, which includes the evocative phrase that he owned and gives us a sense of both his “the Sea was going mountains high” (Jewell 1862: reading and the influences on his writing. We 9), there is a black-framed embarkation order also find that William was a keen poet and and a passengers’ contract ticket (Figs 7 and 8). several of his compositions are included in the The Jewell diary is also notable for other reasons. extant volume. He was certainly a close observer 44 Lyndon Fraser et al

Figure 8. William and Grace Jewell’s passenger contract ticket. Canterbury Museum ARC1900.281 item 2

of shipboard life, with a sharp eye for action and Well you are the Jewell. Yes, but his racy style is laced with good humour. He sometimes the diamond. Where is your writes toward the end of his first entry: righte [sic] Jewell. Here she is. Well I hope The sea was going mountains high 45

youll [sic] prove Jewells. I hope I shall gather and it went off but shortly returned again some before I come back. Came on the upper not long after. I heard it again & got up in Deck had Pint of Porter the last for a long the bed to get a light when it made a spring time in Merry England (Jewell 1862: 3). & almost knocked me down by striking me William’s affection for Grace is clearly evident in the head. Grace awoke once that rat was in the entries and we are given fleeting glimpses in again. I had my Screw driver by my side of their moments together. Like many other but owing to the darkness I had no chance husbands, he made tea for his wife during the to kill it. I struck out right & left with the days of sickness after leaving port. Later, on the Screw Driver as it was jumping from side Atlantic, they enjoyed some leisure time: to side but it made its way off (Jewell 1862: Friday. Wind favourable Saw a great 14). quantity of Mothers Careys Chickens. The drama seemed over until a large rat Swallow was sucked up by Napier from casually walked across their pillow into the next the side of the Ship. Sleeping. Stokes went berth as they were sitting up. He noted: & got some water but by the time he got [W]e had no sleep for that night the rats the water he awoke and flew away. I were running over our faces & on the child. suppose it was weak through want of food. Grace got up about 4 O Clock next morning It has been about the Ship 2 or 3 days. afraid to stay in bed. They are an enormous Splendid Moonlight. Grace & me went of size. We intend to sleep another way next the forecastle & staid 2 or 3 Hours. Grace night (Jewell 1862: 14). enjoyed herself very much. Never had such William Jewell’s chivalrous battles with rats a comfortable lie down since she left home. and Grace’s occasional illnesses seem tame affairs That is Grace?(Jewell 1862: 5). when compared to the experiences of some other The work required within steerage is certainly migrants. Such was the case for Yorkshireman far greater for married men than in cabin class. Thomas Dacre (Fig. 9) who came to Canterbury But there was still space for tenderness. “Made with his wife, Emma, and two infant children, a foot Stool for Grace”, William reports proudly on 27 October, “& put my name on the Top in German Text” (Jewell 1862: 8). When sharing part of a morning on deck, they gazed in awe at the mountainous seas of the southern ocean: Our bulwarks are high more than 7 Feet. I & Grace were looking over her side about 8 O Clock when a large wave struck and went right over us. We have been throwing over broken biscuit & vituals [sic] to the Birds. They are flying around in swarms(Jewell 1862: 10). The couple were less enamoured of the rats that plagued the Echunga throughout its voyage. William’s descriptions of their antics are often darkly comical, as we read in a passage written on 3 November: We were disturbed for some time after we were in bed by a rat behind us in the inside of the Ship screaming dreadful. I got my Screw Driver & knocked several times Figure 9. Thomas Dacre later in life. Canterbury Museum 2012.38.2 46 Lyndon Fraser et al

Figure 10. Thomas Dacre’s shipboard diary. Canterbury Museum 2012.38.1

Lucy and Annie, in 1873. Thomas recorded the the ship’s surgeon-superintendent prescribed dramas of their journey aboard the Adamant the standard and nutritious combination of with a pencil in a pocket-sized and leather-bound arrowroot and beef tea. The end was swift and diary (Figs 10 and 11). Despite these limitations heart-breaking: of scale, he manages to convey the rich textures of 28 [August] shipboard life in lucid and often colourful prose. Like Grace Moriarty, Lincolnshire-born Emma At 2 o’clock this morning our Dear Annie Dacre was sick for long periods on the voyage. died after suffering very much … the last There were also worrying signs for infants. On 28 three days with Diarrhoea which I believe July, 2 weeks out, Thomas revealed that “[t]wo or was brought on with the water being so three young children [were] very poorly” (Dacre salt[y]– the condensed water. She was 1873: 2). The first funeral took place one day later very much purged and very sick. She put and by the 6 August he was “thankful to note that everything we gave her up and gradually my children are still well” (Dacre 1873: 4). As wore away to almost a shadow. She died readers, we sense trouble ahead. very quiet without any struggle at all. They The first indications of looming tragedy are interred her at 10am. We feel it is very hard given on 11 August, Annie’s first birthday; “Very to lose the little lamb and much more so at wet rough weather. Emma poorly and sick. Annie sea, but we know she has departed to be with very poorly with her teeth” (Dacre 1873: 4). Lucy, Jesus, which is far better. Emma is very weak on the other hand, remained in good health as and poorly (Dacre 1873: 6). the rest of her family suffered through the tropics. For bereaved parents like Thomas and Emma By 22 August, Annie was “very thin and don’t eat Dacre, there was enormous consolation and scarcely anything” (Dacre 1873: 5). On 25 August, comfort in the knowledge that their young The sea was going mountains high 47

Figure 11. Pages from Thomas Dacre’s shipboard diary. Note that Dacre used an 1872 dairy to record his 1873 voyage. Canterbury Museum 2012.38.1 daughter was now safe with Jesus. Her death collecting efforts made by Museum staff. It is was an act of God’s mercy and there appears to perhaps not a coincidence that the first scholarly have been no confusion in Thomas’s mind about studies using shipboard accounts appeared in the the conceptual geography of salvation and its 1980s and 1990s, the same time that an interest implicit promise of reunion with Annie in the in family history exploded. As more shipboard world beyond (Dacre 1873: 6). accounts were donated to various repositories, scholars had more raw material available Conclusion to study. To date, scholars have examined multiple facets of shipboard life, from the day The long sea voyages from Europe to New to day realities of living on a cramped ship with Zealand in the nineteenth century remain a strangers, domestic animals, rodents and birds, subject of great fascination for scholars and the to detailed investigations of topics such as the general public. Since 1925, the descendants of experiences of single women, class, healthcare, nineteenth-century British and Irish immigrants and birth and death at sea. The extant shipboard have been sharing their family’s accounts with accounts continue to yield fruitful results, as the Museum. Their generosity has made the demonstrated by our exploration of intimacy shipboard diaries collection a reflection of and the performance of masculinity in the diaries the community’s values and interests: a public of four married men who sailed to Canterbury. celebration and a popular hobby have shaped We often think of nineteenth-century men and the collection to a greater degree than conscious women existing in separate spheres of public 48 Lyndon Fraser et al

and domestic life, respectively. However, a closer Canterbury Museum Trust Board. 1985. Annual reading of shipboard accounts kept by married Report 1984– 1985. Christchurch: Canterbury men reveals that, at least in some cases, the Museum. marriages were very much a partnership, with Canterbury Museum Trust Board. 1987. Annual men stepping into the domestic sphere when Report 1986–1987. Christchurch: Canterbury needed. Museum. Charlwood D. 1981. The Long Farewell: The Perilous Endnotes Voyages of Settlers Under Sail in the Great Migrations to Australia. Ringwood: Penguin 1 Lyndon Fraser began examining these documents Books. in 2016 but more intensive work began in 2018 Clarke A. 2016. All at sea: childbirth on nineteenth- when Emily Rosevear provided a close and century migrant voyages to New Zealand. New systematic analysis of the entire collection. One Zealand Journal of History 50: 13–29. of the first outcomes of this research was Emily’s Cookson J. 2000. Pilgrims’ Progress – Image, BA (Honours) dissertation in History (Rosevear identity and myth in Christchurch. In: Cookson 2018). Joanna Szczepanski took a museological J, Dunstall G, editors. Southern Capital: approach to investigate why and how the Christchurch: Towards a City Biography 1850– documents came to Canterbury Museum. Her 2000. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press; work revealed why the documents came to be p. 13–40. seen as significant so long after they were written. Dacre T. 1873. Diary on board the Adamant. 2 The donor’s exact relationship to Charles Canterbury Museum, accession number Alabaster is unclear. 2013.38.1. 3 See related documents for Canterbury Pilgrims Fitzpatrick D. 1994. Oceans of Consolation: Personal and Early Settlers Association papers 148/49. The Accounts of Irish Migration to Australia. Cork: organisation is still active today. Cork University Press. 4 Two other important Australian studies of Foxhall K. 2012. Health, Medicine and the Sea: voyages, health and the sea are Haines (2005) and Australian Voyages c.1815–1860. Manchester: Foxhall (2012). Manchester University Press. 5 Emily Summerhays’ diary, 8 June and 16–18 June Fraser L. 2012. Memory, mourning and melancholy: 1875, quoted in Clarke (2016: 18). English ways of death on the margins of Empire. In: Fraser L, McCarthy A, editors. Far From ‘Home’: The English in New Zealand. Dunedin: References Otago University Press; p. 99–122. Fraser L. 2017. Death in nineteenth-century Amodeo C. 2000. The Summer Ships: Being an Australia and New Zealand. History Compass 15: account of the first six ships sent out from England 1–21. by the Canterbury Association in 1850–1851. Fyfe R. 2010. The World under One Roof. Deluxe edition. Christchurch: Caxton Press. MacMillan Brown Lecture series. [Internet]. Canterbury Museum Trust Board. 1950. Annual [Accessed March 2019]. Available from: Report for the Year 1949–50. Christchurch: https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ Canterbury Museum. themacmillanbrownlectures/20100101 Canterbury Museum Trust Board. 1965. Annual Goss J. 1858. Diary on board the Indiana. Canterbury Report 1964–1965. Christchurch: Canterbury Museum catalogue number ARC1900.29. Museum. Canterbury Museum Trust Board. 1983. Annual Report 1982–1983. Christchurch: Canterbury Museum. The sea was going mountains high 49

Haines R. 2003. Life and Death in the Age of Sail: The Rosevear E. 2018. “The Grace of Ever Flowing Tide”: Passage to Australia. Sydney: University of New Everyday Life on the Voyage Out in the Shipboard South Wales Press. Accounts of Migrant Women to Canterbury, c. Haines R. 2005. Doctors at Sea: Emigrant Voyages 1850–1885. BA (Hons) Dissertation in History. to Colonial Australia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Christchurch: University of Canterbury. Macmillan. Smith W. 1853. Reminiscences from the voyage Hassam A. 1994. Sailing to Australia: Shipboard on board the Minerva. Canterbury Museum Diaries by Nineteenth Century British Immigrants. catalogue number ARC1900.25. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Wace NM. 1980. Settlers in Transit. In: Jennings JN, Hastings D. 2006. Over the Mountains of the Sea: Linge GJR, editors. Of Time and Place. Canberra: Life on the Migrant Ships, 1870–1885. Auckland: ANU Press; p. 28–47. Auckland University Press. Woolcock HR. 1986. Rights of Passage: Emigration to Jalland P. 2002. Australian Ways of Death: A Social Australia in the Nineteenth Century. London and and Cultural History, 1840–1918. Melbourne: New York: Tavistock Publications. Oxford University Press. Jewell W. 1862. Diary on board the Echunga. Canterbury Museum, National Register of Archives and Manuscripts number X4204. Little H. 2011. Identifying the Genealogical Self. Archival Science 11: 241–252. Macdonald C. 1990. A Woman of Good Character: Single Women as Immigrant Settlers in Nineteenth- Century New Zealand. Wellington: Allen and Unwin. McCarthy A. 2005. Irish Migrants in New Zealand, 1840–1937. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. McCarthy A. 2011. Scottishness and Irishness in New Zealand since 1840. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. McCarthy A. 2015. Migration and madness at sea: The nineteenth- and early twentieth-century voyage to New Zealand. Social History of Medicine 28: 706–724. McCarthy A. 2018. Over the ocean foam: Migrant voyages from Britain and Ireland. In: Steel F, editor. New Zealand and the Sea: Historical Perspectives. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books; p. 89–105. Moriarty M. 1878–1879. Diary on board the Northern Monarch. Canterbury Museum, National Register of Archives and Manuscripts number X4438. Rodriguez G. 2014. How genealogy became almost as popular as porn. Time Magazine. 30 May 2014. Available from: http://time.com/133811/how- genealogy-became-almost-as-popular-as-porn/. 50 Lyndon Fraser et al - - - Dr A C Barker Dr A C Barker . Dunedin: John McIndie. . Dunedin: John Provenance Notes Provenance Alabaster. Mrs by Presented W H Alington. by Presented Lo A R Claridge. Mr by Presented original unknown. of cation True Edward Charles by Presented original Roberts. of man Location unknown. Catron. Kaye Mrs by Presented original unknown. of Location Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and the University at available is A copy in: Extracts published Waikato. of CC. 1972. Burdon farmer, 1819–1873, photographer, physician Year of of Year Acquisition 1925 1991 1990 1978 1994 1949 Reference Number ARC1900.10 ARC1991.10 1 item ARC1990.3 X3521 ARC1994.36 X3551 - - - Format Original and Tran scription Original Photocopy Transcrip tion Photocopy Original and Tran scription Dates of of Dates Document 12 Oct 1858– 1859 21 Jan 4 Sep 1860–1 Dec 1860 1863–5 18 Jun Sep 1863 1874–5 21 Nov 1875 Feb 1874–3 6 Jun Sep 1874 12 Sep 1850– 16 Dec 1850

Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Strathallen (1858–1859) Matoaka (1860) Accrington (1863) Somersetshire (1874–1875) to Melbourne Canterbury (1874) Jane Charlotte (1850) Type of of Type Document Diary Diary Letters Diary Diary Diary The terms ‘presented’ and ‘gifted’ means that Canterbury Museum has legal title to these items. The terms ‘deposited’ and ‘loaned’ means that means and ‘loaned’ ‘deposited’ The terms items. totitle Museumthese has legal Canterbury that means ‘gifted’ and ‘presented’ terms The Author Alabaster, Charles Alington, William Andrews, Joseph Andrews, William Mr Angus, Barker, Alfred Appendix travelled ships of the Most unidentified. remain the authors of A few surname. author’s by order in alphabetical organised are accounts Shipboard have of accounts handful A travel. ship’s ofthe year(s) the after is indicated this course, a different took the ship If Lyttelton. to Britain Great from exist, to known are other copies NewWhere Zealand. around repositories different at stored copies multiple have while others beenpublished their consequently and their provenance from disassociated become have several accounts Unfortunately, column. thein provenance noted thisis unknown. as marked are provenance and dates acquisition in repositories other by held accounts shipboard of a list For loan. a long-term on is the item legal and title hold does not Museum Canterbury The in 1998. Donaldson Marsha by New 1840–1900” compiled Zealand, to voyage for accounts shipboard firsthand to Guide Zealand seeNew “A cases) most (in numbers reference include not does microfiche the that Please note Wellington. Library in National at the available is microfiche 1998. since their names changed have the repositories of some and information provenance or The sea was going mountains high 51 - - - . Christchurch: . Christchurch: White Wing Volume Volume White Wing Deposited by the Canterbury Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and A B Taylor. Mrs by Presented D L Rigby. Mrs by Presented original unknown. of Location Unknown Lo Ennor. Joyce Mrs by Presented original unknown. of cation J K Bottle. Mrs by Presented City Christchurch Original at held Libraries. Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and the University at available is A copy originals of Location Waikato. of in: Extractsunknown. published H. 1976. Brett and Provinces the of 2: Founding Old Shipping Time Press. Capper A J K Dalton. Mrs by Presented the Alexander at available is copy Library in Wellington. Turnbull A the original. from Transcribed the Alexander at available is copy Library in Wellington. Turnbull 1949 1990 1983 1965 pre Unknown 1993 1990 1949 1992 1994 X3551 ARC1990.96 X3580 ARC1900.18 ARC1900.38 ARC1998.13 ARC1900.43 X3635 ARC1992.26 ARC1994.43 ------Original and Tran scription Transcrip tion Original Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scriptions Photocopy and Tran scription Tran scribed Letters Jour and nal Transcript Transcript 12 Sep 1850– 16 Dec 1850 1 Oct 1859–26 1860 Jan 28 Sep 1875– 1875 28 Nov 1873–16 16 Jul Oct 1873 6 Sep 1850–2 1851 Jan 1885– 26 Jun 21 Sep 1885 1879–15 11 Jan 1879 Apr 7 Sep 1850–16 Dec 1850 10 Sep 1878 10 Sep 1878

-

(1878) (1878) (1859) Charlotte Jane Jane Charlotte (1850) Roman Em peror Sobroan (1875) to Melbourne Adamant (1873) Jane Charlotte (1850) Pleiades (1885) Himalaya (1879) Randolph (1850) Olive Olive - Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary and Letter Reminis cences Diary Diary Letter Letter Barker, Barker, Emma Baxter, James Bedwell, Edward Bennetts, Mary Ann Bishop, Mary Ann Bold, Edwin Bottle, Henry Bridge, Charles Brittenden, Fredrick Brittenden, Fredrick 52 Lyndon Fraser et al - Provenance Notes Provenance A Waugh. John Mrs by Presented the Alexander at available is copy Library in Wellington. Turnbull Unknown Loca Rex Brown. Mr by Presented original unknown. of tion Unknown Unknown Weir. Jim H by Gifted Gilda Lulham. Mrs by Presented original unknown. of Location Gilda Lulham. Mrs by Presented original unknown. of Location Unknown Mrs by Beth A Saunders. Gifted original unknown. of Location Year of of Year Acquisition 1982 Unknown 1992 Unknown Unknown 1984 1990 1990 Unknown 1985 Reference Number X3642 ARC1900.11 ARC1992.38 X3656 ARC1900.110 X3691 ARC1990.32 1 item ARC1990.32 2 item ARC1900.24 X3695 - - - - Format Original Photocopy Photocopy Original Logbook Photocopy Original and Tran scription Photocop ies Photocop ies Tran scribed Letter Photocopy Dates of of Dates Document 10 Sep 1878 26 Sep 1873–2 1874 Mar 13 Mar 1876–28 Jun 1876 25 Oct 1855–22 Nov 1855 15 Sep 1858–5 1859 Jan 12 Oct 1874– 10 Oct 1887 11 Sep 1856– 23 Dec 1856 1865– 16 Mar 1865 24 Jul 4 Sep 1872 24 Sep 1883–2 1884 Jan - - -

and (1855) (1873) (1878) (1876) Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Olive Surat Chal Port to mers Dune of City din Alma from Mel bourne to Lyttelton Clontarf (1859) Waimate (1874–1875) Egmont (1856–1857) Airdale, Albion Wellesley (1865) Merope (1872) Trevelyan Port (1883) to Chalmers Type of of Type Document Letter Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Letter Diary Author Brittenden, Fredrick Brook, Alonzo Brown, Christopher John Brown, Burnell, Edwin John Butler, Button, Benjamin Button, Benjamin Button, Edward Campbell, Andrew The sea was going mountains high 53 - - - - Unknown. A copy is available at the at available is A copy Unknown. Zealand SocietyNew Genealo of Library. gists A copy Denny. Jeanette by Presented the Alexander at alsois available of Location in Wellington. Turnbull original unknown. S P Carey. Mrs Original by held Loca Carr. Frank Mr by Presented original unknown. of tion A F E Empson. Mrs Original by held the Alexan at also is available copy Library. der Turnbull Buckley and Margaret by Presented original of Location Chapman. Alan unknown. A E Mary Chapman. Loaned by Museums at also is available copy Wellington. A E Mary Chapman. Loaned by Museums at also is available copy Wellington. Chudleigh. Maj by Presented Lo MacDonald. Mrs Deposited by original unknown. of cation Unknown 1995 1964 1993 1964 1996 1987 1987 1949 1950 ARC1900.1 ARC1995.18 ARC1900.41 ARC1993.67 ARC1900.21 ARC1996.8 X3747 X446 1 A336 item 338/50 Folder 32 1 Item - - - - - Original Pho and tocopy Photocopy Transcrip tion Photocopy Transcrip tion Photocopy Transcrip tion Original Original Pho and tocopy Original 20 Oct 1859– 1860 20 Feb 1881–1 26 Jun Oct 1881 25 Nov 1882–22 Feb 1883 1863– 27 Jun 14 Oct 1863, account farm 1871 for 1864–8 4 Apr 1864 Jul 1872–21 7 Mar 1872 Jun 9 Dec 1852–6 1853 May 9 Dec 1852–6 1853 May 1861– 27 Nov 1863 11 Jan 1842 5 Jul

- - -

(1864) (1882) (1863) (1881) John LawsonJohn (1859) Tran of City jore Benan Chal Port to mers Lancashire Witch Amoor Queen Bee (1872) Wel to lington England Hampshire (1852–1853) Hampshire (1852–1853) Matoaka (1862) of Mary's Dundee (1842) Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary - Candy, Emily Cardwell, John Carey, An Fuller drew David Carr, Caygill, James Caygill, James Chapman, Edward Palmer Chapman, Edward Palmer Chudleigh, Edward Clifford, Charles 54 Lyndon Fraser et al - - Provenance Notes Provenance J MacDonald. Mrs Loaned By J MacDonald. Mrs Loaned By J MacDonald. Mrs Loaned By J MacDonald. Mrs Loaned By National Original at is Unknown. in Wellington. Archives Unknown Loca Adair. Adrienne by Presented original unknown. of tion A E Copley. Mr Original by held Loca E L Cordery. Mr by Presented original unknown. of tion Year of of Year Acquisition 1989 1989 1989 1989 Unknown Unknown 1993 1964 1990 Reference Number ARC1989.63 ARC1989.63 ARC1989.63 ARC1989.63 ARC1900.3 ARC1900.6 ARC1993.64 ARC1900.30 ARC1990.93 ------Format Original Type and script Original Type and script Original Type and script Original Type and script Photocopy and Tran scription Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Original and Tran scription Transcrip tion Dates of of Dates Document 1850 28 Jul 1850 25 Aug 1850 Oct– Nov 1850 11 Jul 1863–1 9 May Sep 1863 1867–29 2 Apr 1867 Jul 1 Dec 1864–27 1865 Mar 21 Dec 1874–2 1875 May 14 Sep 1881– 23 Dec 1881 ------(1864) (1867) (1850) to (1850) to (1850) to (1850) to (1850) to Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Dun Phoebe bar Chal Port mers Dun Phoebe bar Chal Port mers Dun Phoebe bar Chal Port mers Dun Phoebe bar Chal Port mers Captain Cook (1863) Lancashire Witch Rachel Abbey Tintern (1874) Waimate (1881) Type of of Type Document Letter Letter Letter Letter Diary Extract from Memoirs Diary Diary Diary Author Clifford, Mary Clifford, Mary Clifford, Mary Clifford, Mary and Charles Clutterbuck, J.B. Coates, Isaac Cook, Sarah Ann Copley, Alfred Cordery, AliceEdith John and Ellis Shipley The sea was going mountains high 55 - - - Gifted by Mrs E Cowie. A copy is A copy E Mrs by Cowie. Gifted War the Auckland at also available Museum. Memorial Phillips. Trevor Mr by Presented Lovell-Smith. Brian Mr by Presented collection. Original in private Walker. Brian by Gifted Walker. Brian by Presented Harris. R by Clifford Gifted Harris. Audrey Mrs by Presented Turn Alexander Original at held Copies Librarybull in Wellington. the Alexander at also available are and Library in Wellington Turnbull of Collection University the Hocken in Dunedin.Otago the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Associa Early and Pilgrims the at also available are Copies tion. Library in Wel Turnbull Alexander Collection the Hocken and lington in Dunedin. Otago of University 1987 1997 1981 1988 1995 2012 1994 1996 1949 X3818 ARC1997.3 X3833 ARC1988.22 1 item ARC1995.12 1 item 2012.38.1 ARC1994.19 ARC1996.4 X3849 - - - Original Pho and tocopy Original Transcrip tion Photocopy Original Original Transcrip tion Photocopy Typescript 3 May 1860–22 3 May 1860 Aug 1 Sep 1873–15 1875 Nov 1859–28 29 Jul Sep 1860 1859–2 18 Mar Sep 1859 1859–2 18 Mar Sep 1859 1873–17 15 Jul Oct 1873 1873–17 15 Jul Oct 1873 7 Sep 1850–15 Dec 1850 7 Sep 1850–15 Dec 1850 William Miles Miles William (1860) Cathcart (1874) Zealandia (1859) Minerva (1859) Minerva (1859) Adamant (1873) Adamant (1873) George Sir Seymour and Randolph (1850) George Sir Seymour and Randolph (1850) Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary - - - Cowie, Cowie, James Cowley, James Thomas Cumber John worth, Cun ningham, Andrew Cun ningham, Andrew Dacre, Thomas Dacre, Thomas Davie, Cryrus Davie, Cryrus 56 Lyndon Fraser et al - Provenance Notes Provenance Copies F L Davie. Mr by Presented the Alexander at also available are and Library in Wellington Turnbull of Collection University the Hocken in Dunedin.Otago Turnbull Alexander Original at held Library in Wellington. Original R Dawber. by Presented Library Turnbull Alexander at held also are Copies in Wellington. and Museum the Akaroa at available Pub Libraries. City Christchurch Dawber as: AR.lished 1968. Robert Akaroa: Rebeccaand Dawber. Dawber family. also available are Copies Unknown. Library in Turnbull the Alexander at Settlers Otago Toitu and Wellington in Dunedin. Museum Year of of Year Acquisition 1983 1996 1974 Unknown Reference Number X3850 ARC1996.5 X3853 ARC1900.37 - - - Format Original Pho and tocopy Photocopy Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Dates of of Dates Document 7 Sep 1850–15 Dec 1850 16 Sep 1863– 1864 28 Jan 22 Dec 1870– 1871 19 Jun 1879–28 5 Jun 1879 Aug - - Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel George Sir Seymour and Randolph (1850) Aberdeen (c1863–1864) to Boston Melbourne and Goth enburg (c1863–1864) Melbourne to Lyttelton Ceres (1870) (1879) Nelson Chal Port to mers Type of of Type Document Diary Diary Diary Diary Author Davie, Cryrus Davie, William Petersen Dawber, Robert and Rebecca Dawson, John The sea was going mountains high 57 - - The Star Star The Unknown New Archives Originals at held Zealand. Star in The Published Unknown. 1931. June–July Weise. J A Mrs by Gifted A Webster. Kenneth Deposited by A Webster. Kenneth Deposited by Unknown the transcription. from Copied Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and original unknown. of Location Origi Chapman. Ron by Presented Settlers Otago Museum Toitu nal at in in Dunedin. Published 1924. June–July Unknown Unknown Unknown 1988 1955 1955 Unknown 1989 1949 1991 X3862 X3706 Box 2 9 Item Folder 198 ARC1900.32 ARX1988.50 1 A343 Item 4 A343 item ARC1900.12 ARC1989.31 X3936 ARC1991.28 ------Original Photocopy and Tran scription Original Pho and tocopy Original & Photocopy Original Original Original and Tran scription Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Photocopy (Newspa per) 24 Dec 1873–4 1874 Mar 1851–6 8 Jan 1851 Jun 10 Oct 1856– 1857 19 Jan 1879–20 14 Jul Oct 1879 1861– 15 Apr 1861 31 Jul 1837–1882 30 Dec 1874–29 Apr 1875 1851– 15 Jun 18 Oct 1851 1851– 15 Jun 18 Oct 1851 1862–11 3 Feb 1862 Jun - - -

Scimitar Scimitar (1873–1874) Chal Port to mers Duke of (1851) Bronte Sha Rose of (1856) ron Zealandia (1879) Chrysolite (1861) Chrysolite (1861) Timaru (1874–1875) Chal Port to mers Canterbury (1851) Canterbury (1851) Zealandia (1862) Poem Register Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Dewe, George Draper, William Eaglesome, Matthew Emery, Jane Edith John Enys, John Enys, Ferguson, Robert Field, Strickland Field, Strickland Fleming, Smyth John 58 Lyndon Fraser et al The 16 September 1933. 16 September Provenance Notes Provenance Mr of Bertram by estate the Gifted Fleming. Retter. David Mr by Presented of Location J Smith. by Presented in Published original unknown. Star Unknown F E Godley. Miss by Presented the Hocken at alsoCopies available in Otago of Collection University Dunedin. V B Insley. Mr by Presented collection. Original in private held B Harper-Nelson. Mrs by Presented the original. from Transcribed Year of of Year Acquisition 1995 1992 1991 Unknown 1939 1992 1964 1995 1996 Reference Number X3949 ARC1992.27 ARC1991.66 ARC1900.13 A346 ARC1992.18 ARC1900.29 ARC1995.21 ARC1996.19 ------Format Original Pho and tocopy Original Pho and tocopy Photocopy News of paper Photocopy Original Original, Photocopy and Tran scription Transcrip tion Original Transcrip tion Dates of of Dates Document 7 Sep 1850–14 Dec 1850 29 May 1862–30 Sep 1862 1873–20 2 Jun Sep 1873 1887– 10 Feb 1887 27 Mar 28 May 1851–18 Sep 1851 22 Oct 1883–25 May 1884 1858–5 3 Aug Dec 1858 17 May 1863–12 Sep 1863 17 May 1863–12 Sep 1863

(1873) (1862) Tongariro Tongariro (1887) to Wellington Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Randolph (1850) Mersey Punjab Nugent Lady (1850) Tongariro Port (1883) to Chalmers Indiana (1858) Captain Cook (1863) Captain Cook (1863) - Type of of Type Document Diary Diary Reminis cences, Diary Diary Original Diary Diary Letter Letter Author Fleming, Richard Philip John Florance, Augustus Gerard, Louisa RobertGill, Askew Godley, Robert John Goldsmith, Horace Henry Goss, James Gough, Charles Gough, Charles The sea was going mountains high 59 - Dr 27 May 27 May Dr Gundry's Dr Gundry's . Christchurch: Nag's Nag's . Christchurch: . Christchurch: Nag's Head Head Nag's . Christchurch: Gundry's Diary Press. Head E J Pilgrim. Loca Miss by Presented original unknown. of tion Unknown Turnbull Alexander Original at as: Published Library in Wellington. in the NZ – 1880s style” to "England Advertiser Christchurch West 1969. Hawke. Wilson Mr by Gifted Bastion. Mrs by Presented W J Armstrong. Mr by Presented original unknown. of Location Unknown. A copy is also available at at also is available A copy Unknown. Libraries. City Christchurch Published D May. Miss by Presented Gundryas: JS. 1982. Diary Press. the original. from Transcribed Gundry as: JS. 1982. Published 1990 1973 Unknown 1998 1983 1990 Unknown 1963 Unknown ARC1900.23 A347 ARC1900.233 ARC1900.17 ARC1900.26 ARC1900.36 ARC1998.21 X4097 ARC1990.57 - - - - - Photocopy Original Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scription Original and Tran scription Newspa per tran scription Original Original Photocopy 18 Oct 1878– 1879 13 Feb 5 Oct 1874–22 1875 Jan 22 Sep 1880– 1880 18 Nov 1878–13 10 Jul Oct 1878 24 Oct 1850– 1851 13 Jan 1878–5 23 Mar 1879 Mar 27 Jun 1874–7 27 Jun 1874 Aug 1851–9 25 Feb 1851 Jun 1851–9 25 Feb 1851 Jun - (1878– (1880) (1850) Merope Merope (1874) Steadfast (1851) Steadfast (1851) Northern Monarch (1878) Waimate (1874) Otaki Waitangi (1878) Her Isabella cus Piako 1879) Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary - Handisides, Handisides, David Harmer, Jason Harrow, Charles Adolphus Hawke, David Hayter, Richard Hempton, Ste James phenson Griffiths, Griffiths, Austin Secundus Gundry, Seagar John Gundry, Seagar John 60 Lyndon Fraser et al - - Provenance Notes Provenance Bookshop. Smiths by Presented original unknown. of Location Williams. Shirley Mrs by Gifted original unknown. of Location Location Holmes. C John by Gifted original unknown. of of Location Pearson. Noreen Mrs original unknown. Mulhol Noreen Miss by Presented original unknown. of Location land. Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and H Webb. John by Presented H Webb. John by Presented A Young. Barbara by Presented Christchurch at available is copy original of Location Libraries. City unknown. Hamilton. Win Mrs by Presented original unknown. of Location Year of of Year Acquisition 1992 1986 1999 1992 1964 1949 1993 1993 1995 1992 Reference Number ARC1992.20 X4129 ARC1999.4 ARC1992.44 X4147 X4156 1993.286.1 1993.286.2 ARC1995.27 ARC1992.24 ------Format Photocopy and Tran scription Photocopy Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Original Original and Tran scription Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scription Transcrip tion Dates of of Dates Document 1856–23 2 Jul Oct 1856 1876– 20 Jun 17 Sep 1876 18 Aug 1877–28 Nov 1877 5 Oct 1878–5 1879 Mar 5 Oct 1878–5 1879 Mar 25 Oct 1854–12 Mar 1855 7 Sep 1850–16 Dec 1850 7 Sep 1850–16 Dec 1850 9 Oct 1871–30 Dec 1871 1880–10 11 Jul Oct 1880 - (1854) (1878– (1878– (1856) Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Joseph Fletch er Waitangi (1876) Halcione (1877) Piako 1879) Piako 1879) Simlah Wellington to Jane Charlotte (1850) Jane Charlotte (1850) Harvest Home (1871) Waitangi (1880) Type of of Type Document Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary - Author Henwood, Horatio Hitchens, George Holmes, Sayers John Frederick Horrell, Frances Horrell, Frances Howard, James Howard, Lucy Large Howard, Lucy Large Howell, Al bert James Hurst, Christopher John The sea was going mountains high 61 - - - - Purchased from A H Johnstone. A H Johnstone. from Purchased un date Star, in The Published known. Location Ward. John by Presented original unknown. of Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and E Cave. Mrs by Presented also is available A copy Unknown. Library in Turnbull the Alexander at Wellington. Unknown Unknown U M Schaere. Mrs by Presented Warren-Jones. Hazel Mrs by Gifted the at also available are Copies Library in Wel Turnbull Alexander Memorial War Auckland lington, Library. City Auckland and Museum Loca M Glasgow. Mrs by Presented original unknown. of tion 1956 1996 1949 1969 Unknown Unknown Unknown 1949 1986 1969 X4190 ARC1996.18 X4204 X4217 ARC1900.22 ARC1900.17 ARC1900.27 EC149.89 X4269 X4275 ------Newspa per Photocopy and Tran scription Original and Tran scription Original Photocopy Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Original Transcrip tion Transcrip tion 03 Oct 1850–7 1851 Feb 1874–6 30 Mar 1874 May 20 Aug 1862–12 Dec 1862 1 Dec 1858–8 1859 Jan 15 Nov 1863–16 Feb 1864 1814–10 7 Mar 1815 Jan 1875 Aug 1859– 26 Nov 1860 25 Jan 10 Sep 1839– 1840 22 Jan 23 Oct 1870– 1871 28 Jan

Castle Eden Eden Castle (1850–1851) Ballychmyle (1874) Echunga (1862) Mystery (1858) Mermaid (1863–1864) Active (1814–1815) White Rose (1875) Bosworth Port (1859) to Chalmers Aurora (1839–1840) Charlotte Gladstone (1870) - Report Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Letter Diary Reminis cences Diary - - - Jackson, Jackson, Thomas Jennings, William George Wil Jewell, liam Johnston, William Thom Keir, as Kendall, Thomas Kimber, George J. Laing, Wil liam Langford, Harriett Lawrence, Basil 62 Lyndon Fraser et al - - The Star Star The Provenance Notes Provenance Unknown is A copy Garner. Jean by Presented City Christchurch at also available in Published Libraries. 1924. December 1923–January John Leech. Mr by Gifted Lindsay. Kelsey Mrs by Presented G R Saunders. Mr Original by held Stott. Margaret Mrs by Presented original unknown. of Location A Keele. Dorothy Mrs by Presented the Auck at also is available copy Museum. Memorial War land by Elizabeth Gordon-Smith. Gifted original unknown. of Location Loca G Gibson. Mrs by Presented original unknown. of tion collection. A Original in private Auckland at also is available copy Museum. Memorial War Year of of Year Acquisition Unknown 1990 2008 1968 1964 1997 1964 2010 1983 1964 Reference Number ARC1900.303 ARC1990.44 2009.26.4 A352 ARC1900.285 ARC1997.19 ARC1900.14 2010.I.135 X4307 ARC1900.15 - - - - - Format Original Photocopy and Tran scription Original Original and Tran scription Transcrip tion Photocopy Original Pho and tocopy Photocopy Transcrip tion Photocopy Dates of of Dates Document 25 Sep 1850 7 Sep 1850–16 Dec 1850 1852–15 3 Nov 1853 Mar 18 Sep 1907–8 Dec 1907 1863– 11 Jun 20 Sep 1863 1908–7 20 Aug Oct 1908 1850–8 16 May Dec 1850 11 Sep 1856– 15 Dec 1856 11 Sep 1856– 15 Dec 1856 1850–20 1 Jan Oct 1850 - - (1907) (1850) to (1850) to (1850) to Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Randolph (1850) Randolph (1850) Tasmania (1852–1853) Ionic Wellington to Zambesi (1863) Athenic (1908) to Wellington Barbara Gor don Auckland Egmont (1856) Egmont (1856) Barbara Gor don Auckland Type of of Type Document Letter Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary - Author Lee, Joseph Parsons Lee, Joseph Parsons Leech, George John Ivy Lindsay, James Little, Livesey, Hubert Longden, Joseph Lough, Lucy Lough, Lucy Vices Lush, imus The sea was going mountains high 63 - - - - 16 The Star Journal of an an of Journal . London: W.S. Johnson. W.S. . London: Presented by Mr J E Carter. Loca J E Carter. Mr by Presented original unknown. of tion Unknown Turnbull the Alexander Original at Published Library in Wellington. A. 1852. Martin as: New to Dorsetshire from Emigrant Zealand Origi E A Edgerton. Mrs by Gifted Elizabeth Edgerton. by nal held New Archives Originals at held Zealand. Loca Chapman. Ron by Presented A copy original unknown. of tion Zealand the New at alsois available Society Genealogists Library. of Ar Originals at as held Published as: Zealand. Published New chives in Pioneer” Clontaf “A August 1919. August 1982 Unknown 1953 1983 Unknown 1991 ARC1900.19 ARC1900.5 ARC1900.39 X4375 X3706 Box 5 22 Item Folder 546 ARC1991.67 - - - - Photocopy Photocopy and Tran scription Remi of niscences Transcrip tion Photocopy Photocopy Photocopy (Newspa per) 7 Mar 1872–22 7 Mar 1881 May 1852–16 31 Jul 1852 Nov 1851–– 16 Jun 1852 Jan 15 Sep 1858–7 1859 Jan 1852 18 May 3 Oct 1858–30 Oct 1858 (1852) (1852) Lyttelton Lyttelton Agamemmon Agamemmon (c1872) to Town Cape and (c1872) to Canterbury Sydney Cashmere (1851) Clontarf (1858) Stag Clontarf (1858) - Diary Diary and Reminis cences Diary Diary Report Diary Lyes, Lyes, George Mannering, Theophilus Samuel Martin, Albin Martin, Henry J. Martin, Martin, Sarah 64 Lyndon Fraser et al - - - - . Novem New Zealand Society Society Zealand New Provenance Notes Provenance New Archives Originals at held Zealand. E Bell. Miss Original by held also available are Copies Unknown. Library in Turnbull the Alexander at Muse Wellington and Wellington um. is A copy Brooker. Mr F J by Gifted Turn the Alexander at also available Location Librarybull in Wellington. original unknown. of Location Mears. by Colleen Gifted original unknown. of Gibb. June Mrs by Presented in Published magazine Genealogists of 26 1995. Volume ber–December 236. Number collection. Original in private Loca B Tyndall. Mrs by Presented original unknown. of tion Year of of Year Acquisition Unknown 1964 Unknown 1985 2006 1990 1999 1981 Reference Number X3706 Box 3 12 Item Folder 288 ARC1900.4 ARC1900.20 X4416 2006.86.1 ARC1990.40 ARC1999.8 X4434 ------Format Photocopy and Tran scription Photocopy Photocopy and Tran scription Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Photocopy Dates of of Dates Document 1851–24 9 May 1851 Aug 4 Sep 1861–9 Dec 1861 2 Sep 1863–14 1864 Apr 11 Nov 1878–27 Feb 1879 16 Dec 1882–22 Mar 1883 25 Mar 1874–13 Apr 1874 1865 23 Nov 1873–2 24 Nov 1874 Mar (1863) (1878) Glenmark (1865) Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Bangalore (1851) Sebastopol (1861) Alpaca Boyne Crusader (1882–1883) Dunedin (1874) Carnatic Port (1873) to Chalmers Type of of Type Document Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Letter Diary - - - Author McCheane, Thomas McLachlan, John John Mee, Menzies, For John sythe Mills, Eliza beth Milne, Francis Montgom Jane ery, Moody, H.R. The sea was going mountains high 65 - Presented by Brian Lovell-Smith. Lovell-Smith. Brian by Presented collection. A Original in private the Hocken at also is available copy in Otago of Collection University Dunedin. R H Henderson. Mrs by Presented original unknown. of Location R M C Morris. Miss by Presented collection. Original in private Hay. R A and Misses M by Gifted original unknown. of Location Allen. Origi Pat Miss by Presented Library. Turnbull Alexander nal at Original Edwards. Mrs by Gifted Library in Turnbull Alexander at Wellington. the original. from Transcribed Menzies. Ian Mrs by Presented Menzies. Ian Mrs by Presented 1988 1967 1988 1988 1990 1985 1969 c 1966/1967 c 1966/1967 ARC1988.93 X4438 ARC1988.90 ARC1988.23 ARC1990.50 X4457 1 X4469 item 1 X4470 item 2 X4470 item ------Photocopy Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scription Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Transcrip and tion Photocopy Transcrip tion Original Original 30 Jul 1877–1 30 Jul 1877 Nov 31 Oct 1878–1 1879 Feb 2 Oct 1856–19 1857 Jan 19 Sep 1882– 11 Dec 1882 1859–14 30 Jul 1859 Nov 1859–14 30 Jul 1859 Nov 1864–28 22 Jul 1869 Aug 1864– 18 Jun 1864 16 Aug 1871–1 29 Jul 1871 Nov -

(1857) to (1857) to Dunedin Port (1873) to Chalmers Northern Monarch (1878) Rose of Sha ron Wellington Canterbury Port (1882) to Chalmers Zealandia (1859) Zealandia (1859) Devonshire (1864) Devonshire (1864) Glenmark (1871) Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Letter Diary Diary Moore, John John Moore, Duncan Moriarty, Matthew Francis Morris, Matthew Morris, Rosetta Munnings, Joseph Munnings, Joseph Neave, Francis Digby Neave, Francis Digby Neave, Francis Digby 66 Lyndon Fraser et al ------May–Octo The Plainsman: Plainsman: The May–October 1950. May–October . Hamilton: R Nuttall. . Hamilton: The Plainsman: Canter Plainsman: The Provenance Notes Provenance Menzies. Ian Mrs by Presented Menzies. Ian Mrs by Presented Zealand. New Archives Original at A copy Chapman. Ron by Presented Zealand the New at alsois available Pub Genealogical Society Library. in lished bury's Magazine Magazine bury's A A E Norriss. Mr by Presented the New at also is available copy Zealand Genealogical Society Li in Published brary. Magazine Canterbury's ber 1950. Alexander Original at Unknown. A Library in Wellington. Turnbull the New at also is available copy Zealand Society Genealogist's Li of 198?. W. Nuttall as: Published brary. Wil of Diary Book: Black Little The Nuttall liam Year of of Year Acquisition c 1966/1967 c 1966/1967 Unknown 1989 1964 Unknown Reference Number 6 X4470 item 7 X4470 item X3706 Box 5 574e Item ARC1989.48 X4504 ARC1900.16 - - - - Format Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Photocopy Photocopy Original Pho and tocopy Photocopy and Tran scription Dates of of Dates Document 1864 22 Jul 1864 23 Jul 1851–17 4 Jan 1852 May 14 Sep 1863– 1864 10 Jan 14 Sep 1863– 1864 10 Jan 18 Nov 1878–26 Feb 1879

(1878) (1852) Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Devonshire (1864) Devonshire (1864) Stag Canterbury (1863) Canterbury (1863) Boyne Type of of Type Document Letter Letter Diary Diary Diary Diary Author Neave, Francis Digby Neave, Francis Digby Nicholls, H Charles Norriss, William Edward Norriss, Norriss, William Edward Nuttall, William The sea was going mountains high 67 - - - - - Presented by Mrs Emida A Greig. Emida A Greig. Mrs by Presented original unknown. of Location Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and Originals Parr. Ted Mr by Presented Museum. Canterbury South at held Alex at also available are Copies Library in Welling Turnbull ander Memorial War Auckland and ton Museum. Chapman. Helen by Presented Settlers Otago Toitu Original at held also is in Dunedin. A copy Museum Museum. Wellington at available Unknown F Margaret Miss by Presented Preston. Original Bastion. Mrs by Presented collection. in private Loca H M Dunkley. Mrs by Gifted original unknown. of tion 1993 1949 1949 1992 1990 Unknown 1947 1983 1998 ARC1993.31 A365 X4533 ARC1992.5 1 item ARC1990.23 ARC1900.8 A996 B235 ARC1998.12 - - - - - Photocopy Original and Tran scription Original Photocopy and Tran scription Photocopy and Tran scription Photocopy Original Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scription 12 Nov 12 Nov 1876–17 Feb 1877 1853–Oct 8 Jul 1853 24 Aug 1853–18 Sep 1853 29 Aug 1857–23 Dec 1858 30 Nov 1859–21 Mar 1860 29 Oct 1879– 1880 22 Jan 1860–6 31 Aug Dec 1860 1863–13 4 Jul Oct 1863 1864–4 25 Aug 1865 Jan

- - (1863) Harwood (1864) Wiltshire Wiltshire (1876) Taylor John (1853) Taylor John (1853) Gloucester (1857–1858) Chal Port to mers Clontarf (1859) Maravel (1879) to Wellington Gratitude and (1860) from Sydney Lancashire Witch Em Eastern pire Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary - Oliver, Oliver, Mary Jane Olliver, John Parkerson, Emma Mary James Parr, Perkins, William Pinel, Oswald Henry Preston, James Ar Price, Hubert thur Pringle, John 68 Lyndon Fraser et al - - - The Richmond-Atkinson Richmond-Atkinson The Richmond-Atkinson The . Wellington: Government Government . Wellington: Government . Wellington: Provenance Notes Provenance A Hemmingsen. Mr by Presented original unknown. of Location Zealand. New Archives Original at the CUC. Original at by Presented Library in Wel Turnbull Alexander Scholefield, as: Published lington. GH. 1960. Papers Printer. the CUC. Original at by Presented Library in Wel Turnbull Alexander Scholefield, as: Published lington. GH. 1960. Papers Printer. Wilson. Loca Diane Mrs by Gifted original unknown. of tion K Cheals. Mr Location by Presented original unknown. of is A copy C Stubbs. Mr by Presented Settlers Otago Toitu at also available Museum. Year of of Year Acquisition 1991 Unknown 1948 1948 1988 1966 Unknown Reference Number ARC1991.70 X3706 Box 3 13 Item Folder 309 A533 A533 ARC1988.19 A373 ARC1900.35 ------Format Photocopy and Tran scription Photocopy Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scription Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scription Dates of of Dates Document 30 May 1873–19 Sep 1873 1851–28 8 May 1851 Aug 17 Oct 1850–1 1851 Feb 9 Dec 1852–25 1853 May 6 Sep 1879–24 Dec 1879 26 Sep 1876– 22 Dec 1876 24 Apr 1860–16 Aug 1860 - - (1873) (1860) (1852) (1876) Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Punjab Dominion (1851) Victory (1850) to Auckland Edward Sir Paget Waitara (1879) Cas Cardigan tle Pladda Chal Port to mers Type of of Type Document Diary Register Diary Diary and Letters Diary Diary Diary Author J.H. Renant, Richardson, Frederick Hall Richmond, James Crowe Richmond, Maria Jane Rickards, Frederick William Jemima Roy, Samuel, James The sea was going mountains high 69 - - - - 1991. Journals of Bucks Family History History Family Bucks of Journals Presented by Dr and Mrs C D Mrs Dr and by Presented donors. Original by held Moore. at also is available A copy Unknown. Libraries. City Christchurch also is available A copy Unknown. Library in Turnbull the Alexander at War the Auckland and Wellington Museum. Memorial Loca R L Wilson. Mrs by Presented Published original unknown. of tion in UK Society L Borg Marlene Mrs by Presented feldt. also is available A copy Unknown. Library in Turnbull the Alexander at Wellington. Unknown Loca H M Dunkley. Mrs by Gifted original unknown. of tion A C Stanley. Mr by Presented the Alexan at also is available copy Library in Wellington. der Turnbull 1983 Unknown Unknown 1982 1995 Unknown Unknown 1998 1966 X4682 ARC1900.40 A376 X4728 ARC1995.24 ARC1900.25 LIB17836 ARC1998.12 X4769 ------Photocopy and Tran scription Original Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Transcrip with tion original notebook Transcrip tion Original Photocopy and Tran scription Originals and Tran scription 5 Jan 1861–6 5 Jan 1861 May 23 Aug 1873–15 Nov 1873 1842–12 11 Jan 1842 Apr 9 Oct 1854–4 1855 Jan 8 Dec 1882–19 1883 Mar 12 Oct 1852–2 1853 Feb 26 Sep 1879– 28 Dec 1879 1862–8 1 Feb 1862 Jun 7 Sep 1850–16 Dec 1850 - - (1873) Rhea Sylvia Sylvia Rhea (1861) Cas Cardigan tle Tomatin Syd to (1842) ney Royal Stuart (1854–1855) Nebudda (1882–1883) Sydney to Minerva Minerva (1852) Southesk (1879) Zealandia (1862) Randolph (1850) - Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Reminis cences Newspaper (printed) Diary Letters - Sandison, Sandison, Alexander Schofield, Henry Selwyn, George Augustus Shrimpton, Samuel Silcock, Frank Wil Smith, liam Southesk Weekly News Sowry, Joseph Stanley, and John Mary 70 Lyndon Fraser et al - - Provenance Notes Provenance is J G Read. A copy by Presented Turn the Alexander at also available original of Location Library. bull unknown. Original in H Burson. by Presented collection. private Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and Location Foster. Dawn by Presented original unknown. of Location Mr D V Clifford. by Gifted original unknown. of Streeter. Judith by Ms Gifted Sloane Dunbar from Purchased to loan on Previously Auctions. in 1980s. Museum Canterbury Year of of Year Acquisition 1989 1950 1949 1991 1986 1999 2005 Reference Number ARC1989.81 X4787 X4872 ARC1991.12 X4718 ARC1999.6 43 item 2005.118.1 - - - - Format Transcrip tion Transcrip with tion original letter Original Pho and tocopy Photocopy Photocopy and Tran scription Original Original Dates of of Dates Document 26 Sep 1876– 1877 23 Jan c1850–1851 1851 15 Feb 15 Mar and 1851 8 Dec 1882–7 1883 Jan 5 Sep 1879–24 Dec 1879 7 Dec 1859–30 1860 Mar 1869–24 5 Jul Oct 1869 - - (1876) (1851) Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Cas Cardigan tle Australa sia to Sydney Lyttelton Travencore (1851) Crusader (1882–1883) Waitara (1879) Derwentwater (1859–1860) Taylor James to travelled Wellington Margaret and Thompson to travelled Lyttelton Hydaspes (1869) - Type of of Type Document Diary Reminis cences Newspaper Diary Diary Diary Diary - - Author Stephens, Sarah Stoddart, Mark Prin gle Supple the to ment Chronicle Sutherland, Ann Tanner, William Taylor, and James Margaret Thompson Taylor, Robert The sea was going mountains high 71 - - Transcribed from original. from Transcribed Loca Batt. Dr Arthur by Presented original unknown. of tion C R Straubel. Mrs by Presented Barker. Trevor by Presented S Mrs by Cosham. Gifted at also Copies available Unknown. Library in Wel Turnbull Alexander Museum. Wellington and lington collection. Original in private collection. Original in private original of Location Unknown. unknown. in private original held from Copied collection. 1991 1996 1959 1964 1988 Unknown 1999 1999 Unknown 1999 ARC1991.91 X3568 89/59 Box 16 88 Item Folder 817 19 92/64 Folder 202 Item ARC1988.21 ARC1900.7 ARC1999.8 66 item ARC1999.8 67 item ARC1900.469 ARC1999.8 68 item ------Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scription Typescript Typescript Original and Tran scription Photocopy and Tran scription Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scription Transcrip tion 5 Jul 1869–24 5 Jul Oct 1869 1880–4 4 May 1880 Aug 1852–1853, 1866 28 Sep 1850, 3 Oct 1850, and 1850 2 Nov 1856– 20 Feb 15 Sep 1856 1886– 29 Apr 1886 21 Jul 1861 2 Mar 1861 31 Jan c. October 1866 1861 25 Jan (1852), (1866) (1856) Hydaspes Hydaspes (1869) Loch Awe (1880) Stately Unidentified Britain to (1866) Jane Charlotte (1850) Edward Sir Paget Langstone Port (1886) to Chalmers Golconda (1861) to Wellington Golconda (1861) to Wellington Atrato Golconda (1861) to Wellington Diary Diary Diary Newspaper Diary Diary Letter Letter Diary Letter - - Taylor, Taylor, Robert Taylor, Thomas Edward Teschemak Frederick er, W The Cock roach Thompson, Robert Timpson, Ann Todhunter, Ann Todhunter, Ann Todhunter, Joseph Todhunter, Joseph 72 Lyndon Fraser et al - Provenance Notes Provenance A D Torlesse. Deposited by Unknown Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and Unknown Millidge. Location Mr M J by Gifted original unknown. of also available are Copies Unknown. Library Turnbull the Alexander at Collection Hocken in Wellington, in Dunedin, Otago of University and Plymouth ArikiPuke in New Museum. Hyman. Steve Mr from Purchased Unknown Unknown Year of of Year Acquisition 1955 Unknown 1949 Unknown 1985 Unknown 2006 Unknown 1999 Reference Number 1 X4866 item ARC1900.472 X4868 ARC1900.33 X4892 ARC1900.9 2006.59.1 ARC1900.43 ARC1999.8 82 item - - - Format Original Transcrip tion Original Photocopy Photocopy Photocopy and Tran scription Original Original and Tran scription Copy Dates of of Dates Document 1848–13 6 Jul 1851 Mar 12 Oct 1852–2 1853 Feb 11 Sep 1856– 1857 18 Apr 1894–6 15 Nov 1895 Jan 13 Aug 1851–20 Aug 1862 1849–15 7 Feb 1849 Jun 1874– 29 Jun 27 Sep 1874 1879–30 4 Jun 1879 Aug Unknown Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Bernica (1848–1851) Wellington to Nelson and Minerva (1853) Egmont (1856–1857) Rimutaka (1894–1895) Cornwall (1851) Mariner (1849) to Wellington Merope (1874) Glenora (1879) Glenmark (1865) - Type of of Type Document Diary Reminis cences Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Notes - - - Author Torlesse, Charles Obins Torlesse, Elizabeth Henrietta Torlesse, Priscilla Tucker, Thomas Tylee, Charles Alexander John Tylee, Thomas Unidenti fied Unidenti fied Unidenti fied The sea was going mountains high 73 - - - - - Original at Archives New Zealand. New Archives Original at Zealand. New Archives Originals at K Cheals. Mr Location by Presented original unknown. of Unknown A Upton. Hazel Mrs by Presented the Alexan at also is available copy Library in Wellington. der Turnbull A Upton. Hazel Mrs by Presented the Alexan at also is available copy Library in Wellington. der Turnbull N M McIroy. Mrs by Presented Location E Voice. Miss by Presented original unknown. of Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and W Ford. Laurence Mr by Presented the Alex at also is available A copy Library in Welling Turnbull ander ton. Unknown Unknown 1966 Unknown 1996 1996 1991 1983 1949 1994 X3706 Box 5 21 Item Folder 508 X3706 Box 2 8 Item Folder 156 X4930 1900.367 ARC ARC1996.31 1 item ARC1996.31 2 item ARC1991.11 1 item X4978 X4983 ARC1994.11 - - - - Photocopy Photocopy and Tran scription Original and Tran scription Original Original Original Original Photocopy and Tran scription Original Original, Photocopy and Tran scription 24 Oct 1851–5 1852 Feb 24 Dec 1850–31 Mar 1851 12 Oct 1875– 1876 18 Jan 1851 c. early 30 Sep 1865–1 1866 Jan 29 Sep 1865–1 1866 Jan 31 May 1873–10 Oct 1873 28 Apr 1874–16 Aug 1874 1876 18 Mar 15 Sep 1879– 24 Dec 1879

(1873) (1851) William Hyde Hyde William (1851) Travancore (1850–1851) Caroline (1875–1876) to Nelson Swan Launceston to Mermaid (1865) Mermaid (1865) Punjab St Lawrence (1874) Waitangi (1876) Lutterworth (1879) to Wellington - Diary Diary Diary Reminis cences Diary Letter Diary Diary Newspaper Diary - - - - Unidenti fied Unidenti fied Unidenti fied Unidenti fied Upton, Thomas Everard Upton, Thomas Everard Frank Vale, Voice, Charles Waitangi Tribune Walton, Ellen 74 Lyndon Fraser et al - - - The The Christchurch: Christchurch: . Christchurch: . Christchurch: Provenance Notes Provenance Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and ER. 1956. Ward as: Published 1850–51: Ward, Edward of Journal to Voyage the of Account His Being Jane Charlotte the in Zealand New Can the of Months Six First the and Settlement. terbury Press Pegasus F Ward. Margaret Miss by Presented L Macbeth. Norman Deposited by ER. 1956. Ward as: Published 1850–51: Ward, Edward of Journal to Voyage the of Account His Being Jane Charlotte the in Zealand New Can the of Months Six First the and Settlement terbury Press. Pegasus Turnbull the Alexander Original at are Copies Library in Wellington. War the Auckland at also available the Nelson and Museum Memorial Museum. Provincial E J Worthington. Mr by Presented Year of of Year Acquisition 1949 1956 1979 1954 1982 Reference Number A387 6 X5002 item X5005 X4930 B240 - - - - Format Original Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Original Pho and tocopy Dates of of Dates Document 7 Sep 1850–16 Dec 1850 1850– 25 Apr 28 Oct 1851 7 Sep 1850–16 Dec 1850 1842– 18 Jun 25 Sep 1842 20 Dec 1876–14 Apr 1877

Charlotte Jane Jane Charlotte (1850) George Fyfe (1842) to Wellington Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Jane Charlotte (1850) Jane Charlotte (1850) Carnatic (1876) Type of of Type Document Diary Diary and Letters Diary Diary Diary - - - - - Author Ward, Ed Robert ward Ward, Ed Robert ward Ward, Ed Robert ward Ward, Jo seph Wat son-Watson, Eckford The sea was going mountains high 75 - - Gifted by Mrs J R Parker. Location Location Parker. J R Mrs by Gifted original unknown. of Christchurch Original at Unknown. also is availa A copy Libraries. City University. Waikato at ble Zealand. New Archives Originals at Pil the Canterbury Deposited by Settlers Association. Early grims and collection. Original in private D L Street. Mrs by Presented Unknown L Wilson. Amy Mrs by Presented L Wilson. Amy Mrs by Presented 1985 Unknown Unknown 1949 1991 Unknown 1994 1994 X5025 ARC1900.42 X3706 Box 4 17 Item Folder 400 X5008 ARC1991.69 X5065 ARC1994.30 1 item ARC1994.30 2 item - - - - - Transcrip of tion Reminis and cences 29 Letter 1934; Apr Photocopy Diaryof Fragment, c. 1935. Photocopy Photocopy and Tran scription Transcrip tion Photocopy and Tran scription Photocopy Original Original c. 1891 1864–9 26 May Sep 1864 24 Oct 1851 1850– 25 Apr 28 Oct 1850 1861–9 1 Jul Oct 1861 1854–1855 1898–11 2 Feb 1898 May 12 May 1898–21 Jun 1898

Lusitania (1891) to Melbourne; to Tekapo Wellington; to Penguin Lyttelton British Empire (1864) Canterbury (1851) Jane Charlotte (1850) Royal Stuart (1861) Waterwatch (1854–1855) Calcutta to Unknown (1898) to England Unknown (1898) to England - - Reminis cences Diary Register Reminis cences Diary Diary Diary Diary - - - Westland, Westland, Mil Agnes dred Wheeler, Mort Joseph White, Ar David thur Whitmore, (nee Jane Grubb) Williams, Matilda Susan Wilson, Crac John roft Wilson, Jane Sarah Wilson, Jane Sarah 76 Lyndon Fraser et al - - The 1935. The Bulletin The 2 May–8 August 1925 and as: as: 1925 and August 2 May–8 Provenance Notes Provenance L Wilson. Amy Mrs by Presented L Wilson. Amy Mrs by Presented L Wilson. Amy Mrs by Presented L Wilson. Amy Mrs by Presented Bowie. Thomas Mr by Presented original unknown. of Location also available are Copies Unknown. and Libraries City Christchurch at of Collection University Hocken in in Dunedin.Otago Published Star Northamp Diary– "A Pioneer's The in Voyage" ton's R Radford. Ms Jessie by Presented is A copy Wright. John by Presented Turn the Alexander at also available Librarybull in Wellington. Year of of Year Acquisition 1994 1994 1994 1994 1999 Unknown 1989 1989 Reference Number ARC1994.30 3 item ARC1994.30 4 item ARC1994.30 5 item ARC1994.30 6 item ARC1999.11 ARC1990.34 ARC1989.15 ARC1989.16 - - - - - Format Original Original Original Original Photocopy and Tran scription Newspa per Tran scription Transcrip tion Transcrip tion Dates of of Dates Document 1898– 22 Jun 26 Sep 1898 1900–21 2 Feb 1900 May 22 May 1900–28 Mar 1901 1901–8 5 Apr Oct 1901 1876–1 4 Mar 1876 Jul 1874–5 24 Mar 1874 Jun 25 Sep 1850–1 1851 Mar 25 Sep 1850–1 1851 Mar

Ship & Ship of Year(s) Travel Unknown (1898) to England Unknown (1900–1901) Unknown (1900–1901) Unknown (1900–1901) Wairoa (1876) Northampton (1874) Eden Castle (1850–1851) Eden Castle (1850–1851) Type of of Type Document Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Diary Author Wilson, Jane Sarah Wilson, Jane Sarah Wilson, Jane Sarah Wilson, Jane Sarah Wilson, William Woods, William Wright, Wright, George Wright, George The sea was going mountains high 77 Presented by Ivy Campbell. A copy A copy Campbell. Ivy by Presented the Hocken at alsois available in Otago of Collection University Dunedin. 1991 ARC1991.71 - Transcrip tion 10 Oct 1860– 1861 28 Jan - Lady Egida Lady (1860–1861) Chal Port to mers Diary Wright, Wright, Thomas