Alma the Younger: Character Sketches
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Critique of a Limited Geography for Book of Mormon Events
Critique of a Limited Geography for Book of Mormon Events Earl M. Wunderli DURING THE PAST FEW DECADES, a number of LDS scholars have developed various "limited geography" models of where the events of the Book of Mormon occurred. These models contrast with the traditional western hemisphere model, which is still the most familiar to Book of Mormon readers. Of the various models, the only one to have gained a following is that of John Sorenson, now emeritus professor of anthropology at Brigham Young University. His model puts all the events of the Book of Mormon essentially into southern Mexico and southern Guatemala with the Isthmus of Tehuantepec as the "narrow neck" described in the LDS scripture.1 Under this model, the Jaredites and Nephites/Lamanites were relatively small colonies living concurrently with other peoples in- habiting the rest of the hemisphere. Scholars have challenged Sorenson's model based on archaeological and other external evidence, but lay people like me are caught in the crossfire between the experts.2 We, however, can examine Sorenson's model based on what the Book of Mormon itself says. One advantage of 1. John L. Sorenson, "Digging into the Book of Mormon," Ensign, September 1984, 26- 37; October 1984, 12-23, reprinted by the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS); An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon (Salt Lake City: De- seret Book Company, and Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1985); The Geography of Book of Mormon Events: A Source Book (Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1990); "The Book of Mormon as a Mesoameri- can Record," in Book of Mormon Authorship Revisited, ed. -
Juvenile Instructor 16 (1 April 1881): 82
G. G.001 G. “Old Bottles and Elephants.” Juvenile Instructor 16 (1 April 1881): 82. Discusses earthenware manufacture in antiquity. Points out that some bottles and pottery vessels dug up on the American continent resemble elephants. Also mentions that the discovery of elephant bones in the United States tend to prove the truth of the Jaredite record. [A.C.W.] G.002 G., L. A. “Prehistoric People.” SH 51 (16 November 1904): 106-7. Quoting a clipping from the Denver Post written by Doctor Baum who had conducted expeditions in the southwestern United States, the author wonders why the archaeologists do not read the Book of Mormon to nd answers to their questions about ancient inhabitants of America. [J.W.M.] G.003 Gabbott, Mabel Jones. “Abinadi.” Children’s Friend 61 (September 1962): 44-45. A children’s story of Abinadi preaching to King Noah. [M.D.P.] G.004 Gabbott, Mabel Jones. “Alma.” Children’s Friend 61 (October 1962): 12-13. A children’s story of how Alma believed Abinadi and then organized the Church of Christ after preaching in secret to the people. [M.D.P.] G.005 Gabbott, Mabel Jones. “Alma, the Younger.” Children’s Friend 61 (December 1962): 18-19. A children’s story of the angel that appeared to Alma the Younger and the four sons of Mosiah and how they were converted by this experience. [M.D.P.] G.006 Gabbott, Mabel Jones. “Ammon.” Children’s Friend 62 (February 1963): 18-19. A children’s story of Ammon teaching among the Lamanites. [M.D.P.] G.007 Gabbott, Mabel Jones. -
Land of Zarahemla Land of Nephi (Lehi-Nephi) Waters of Mormon
APPENDIX Overview of Journeys in Mosiah 7–24 1 Some Nephites seek to reclaim the land of Nephi. 4 Attempt to fi nd Zarahemla: Limhi sends a group to fi nd They fi ght amongst themselves, and the survivors return to Zarahemla and get help. The group discovers the ruins of Zarahemla. Zeniff is a part of this group. (See Omni 1:27–28 ; a destroyed nation and 24 gold plates. (See Mosiah 8:7–9 ; Mosiah 9:1–2 .) 21:25–27 .) 2 Nephite group led by Zeniff settles among the Lamanites 5 Search party led by Ammon journeys from Zarahemla to in the land of Nephi (see Omni 1:29–30 ; Mosiah 9:3–5 ). fi nd the descendants of those who had gone to the land of Nephi (see Mosiah 7:1–6 ; 21:22–24 ). After Zeniff died, his son Noah reigned in wickedness. Abinadi warned the people to repent. Alma obeyed Abinadi’s message 6 Limhi’s people escape from bondage and are led by Ammon and taught it to others near the Waters of Mormon. (See back to Zarahemla (see Mosiah 22:10–13 ). Mosiah 11–18 .) The Lamanites sent an army after Limhi and his people. After 3 Alma and his people depart from King Noah and travel becoming lost in the wilderness, the army discovered Alma to the land of Helam (see Mosiah 18:4–5, 32–35 ; 23:1–5, and his people in the land of Helam. The Lamanites brought 19–20 ). them into bondage. (See Mosiah 22–24 .) The Lamanites attacked Noah’s people in the land of Nephi. -
Conversion of Alma the Younger
Conversion of Alma the Younger Mosiah 27 I was in the darkest abyss; but now I behold the marvelous light of God. Mosiah 27:29 he first Alma mentioned in the Book of Mormon Before the angel left, he told Alma to remember was a priest of wicked King Noah who later the power of God and to quit trying to destroy the Tbecame a prophet and leader of the Church in Church (see Mosiah 27:16). Zarahemla after hearing the words of Abinadi. Many Alma the Younger and the four sons of Mosiah fell people believed his words and were baptized. But the to the earth. They knew that the angel was sent four sons of King Mosiah and the son of the prophet from God and that the power of God had caused the Alma, who was also called Alma, were unbelievers; ground to shake and tremble. Alma’s astonishment they persecuted those who believed in Christ and was so great that he could not speak, and he was so tried to destroy the Church through false teachings. weak that he could not move even his hands. The Many Church members were deceived by these sons of Mosiah carried him to his father. (See Mosiah teachings and led to sin because of the wickedness of 27:18–19.) Alma the Younger. (See Mosiah 27:1–10.) When Alma the Elder saw his son, he rejoiced As Alma and the sons of Mosiah continued to rebel because he knew what the Lord had done for him. against God, an angel of the Lord appeared to them, Alma and the other Church leaders fasted and speaking to them with a voice as loud as thunder, prayed for Alma the Younger. -
May 18 – 24 Mosiah 25 – 28 “They Were Called the People of God”
Come, Follow Me: May 18 – 24 Mosiah 25 – 28 “They Were Called the People of God” We now have a coming together of all the Israelites in the New World, except for the rebellious Lamanites. The Mulekites of Zarahemla had been discovered by Mosiah (the first) and desired that he should rule over them. Zeniff had departed back to the Land of Nephi and his descendants had been oppressed by the Lamanites. God had delivered them, and they had arrived in Zarahemla. Alma (the Elder) had been a priest of the wicked King Noah (Zeniff’s son) who had been converted by the words of Abinadi. He had fled to the waters of Mormon and baptized about 400 people there. They had fled King Noah and established a city, which was overrun by Lamanites. After being persecuted, they were also delivered by God and had arrived in Zarahemla. What were God’s purposes in gathering these Israelites Figure 1Mosiah II by James Fullmer via (descendants of Judah—the Mulekites—and Joseph—the bookofmormonbattles.com Nephites) in one place? The people of Alma and Limhi in Zarahemla (Mosiah 25): Mosiah (the second, the son of King Benjamin) called all the people together in a great conference in two bodies. The Mulekites outnumbered the Nephites. Why did the Mulekites desire to be taught the language of the Nephites and have them rule? When they had been gathered (verse 5) he had the records of Zeniff’s people read to those who had gathered. All the people had wondered what had become of Zeniff. -
A Third Jaredite Record: the Sealed Portion of the Gold Plates
Journal of Book of Mormon Studies Volume 11 Number 1 Article 10 7-31-2002 A Third Jaredite Record: The Sealed Portion of the Gold Plates Valentin Arts Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jbms BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Arts, Valentin (2002) "A Third Jaredite Record: The Sealed Portion of the Gold Plates," Journal of Book of Mormon Studies: Vol. 11 : No. 1 , Article 10. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jbms/vol11/iss1/10 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Book of Mormon Studies by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Title A Third Jaredite Record: The Sealed Portion of the Gold Plates Author(s) Valentin Arts Reference Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 11/1 (2002): 50–59, 110–11. ISSN 1065-9366 (print), 2168-3158 (online) Abstract In the Book of Mormon, two records (a large engraved stone and twenty-four gold plates) contain the story of an ancient civilization known as the Jaredites. There appears to be evidence of an unpublished third record that provides more information on this people and on the history of the world. When the brother of Jared received a vision of Jesus Christ, he was taught many things but was instructed not to share them with the world until the time of his death. The author proposes that the brother of Jared did, in fact, write those things down shortly before his death and then buried them, along with the interpreting stones, to be revealed to the world according to the timing of the Lord. -
Why Did the Lamanites Break Their Treaty with King Limhi?
KnoWhy #98 May 12, 2016 Lamanite Daughters by Minerva Teichert Why did the Lamanites Break Their Treaty with King Limhi? “And are not they the ones who have stolen the daughters of the Lamanites?” Mosiah 20:18 The Know After Abinadi’s martyrdom1 and Alma the El- in the capital city of Nephi (Mosiah 20:6–11),2 der’s flight into the wilderness, the Lamanites whom the Lamanites assumed were connected were seen again in the borders of the land of with the taking of their daughters. Commenting Nephi (Mosiah 19:6). While king Noah fled with on this passage, S. Kent Brown speculated, “In many of his men (19:11), some stayed with their the end, the [Lamanite] king’s decision to destroy women and entered into a treaty with the La- the Nephite colony must have rested on a com- manites, agreeing to pay “half of all they pos- bination of considerations, one of which was his sessed” (19:15) in order to remain on their lands. feeling of anger.”3 Meanwhile, king Noah was put to a fiery death by some of his men who now wanted to return Readers can understand this anger on the part to their wives back in the land of Nephi (19:20). of the Lamanites. Not only were their daugh- Noah’s priests, however, fled (19:21), and soon ters the victims of a sexual crime, but con- thereafter they abducted 24 Lamanite maidens quered subjects appeared to be rising in defi- “and carried them into the wilderness” (Mosiah ance. -
Priesthood Concepts in the Book of Mormon
s u N S T O N E Unique perspectives on Church leadership and organi zation PRIESTHOOD CONCEPTS IN THE BOOK OF MORMON By Paul James Toscano THE BOOK OF MORMON IS PROBABLY THE EARLI- people." The phrasing and context of this verse suggests that est Mormon scriptural text containing concepts relating to boththe words "priest" and "teacher" were not used in our modern the structure and the nature of priesthood. This book, printed sense to designate offices within a priestly order or structure, between August 1829 and March 1830, is the first published such as deacon, priest, bishop, elder, high priest, or apostle. scripture of Mormonism but was preceded by seventeen other Nor were they used to designate ecclesiastical offices, such as then unpublished revelations, many of which eventually appearedcounselor, stake president, quorum president, or Church presi- in the 1833 Book of Commandments and later in the 1835 dent. They appear to refer only to religious functions. Possibly, edition of the Doctrine and Covenants. Prior to their publica- the teacher was one who expounded and admonished the tion, most or all of these revelations existed in handwritten formpeople; the priest ~vas possibly one who mediated between and undoubtedly had limited circulation. God and his people, perhaps to administer the ordinances of While the content of many of these revelations (now sec-the gospel and the rituals of the law of Moses, for we are told tions 2-18) indicate that priesthood concepts were being dis- by Nephi that "notwithstanding we believe in Christ, we keep cussed in the early Church, from 1830 until 1833 the Book the law of Moses" (2 Nephi 25: 24). -
Why Did the Nephites Practice Baptism? Behold, Here Are the Waters of Mormon
KnoWhy #320 May 31, 2017 Aguas de Mormon by Jorge Cocco Why Did the Nephites Practice Baptism? Behold, here are the waters of Mormon ... and now, as ye are desirous to come into the fold of God, and to be called his people, and are willing to bear one another’s burdens, that they may be light …. Now I say unto you, if this be the desire of your hearts, what have you against being baptized in the name of the Lord, as a witness before him that ye have entered into a covenant with him, that ye will serve him and keep his commandments, that he may pour out his Spirit more abundantly upon you?” Mosiah 18:8–10 Context & Content jjkl In Mosiah 18, Alma the Elder, who had been one teous people of King Limhi wanted to be baptized, of King Noah’s priests until being converted by they understood that baptism was meant to be “a Abinadi’s preaching, led a large group of people witness and a testimony that they were willing to to be baptized in the “waters of Mormon.” Mosiah serve God with all their hearts” (Mosiah 21:35; cf. 18:1 says that Alma first “repented of his sins and 3 Nephi 7:25). iniquities,” and then “began to teach the words of Abinadi.” Those who believed his teachings went A covenant is a promise between two parties, each to a place called “Mormon,”1 where there was “a agreeing to do something for the other, if the other fountain of pure water” (vv. -
Mosiah Like the Lamanites, Who Know Nothing King Benjamin Teaches Sons About God's Commandments and See Mosiah, Chapter 1 Mysteries
!139 A Plain English Reference to have faltered in unbelief. We would be The Book of Mosiah like the Lamanites, who know nothing King Benjamin teaches sons about God's commandments and See Mosiah, Chapter 1 mysteries. They don't believe these things because they are misguided by This peace among all the people in the their forefathers' false traditions. land of Zarahemla lasted for the rest of Remember this, for these records are King Benjamin's days. He had three true. sons, Mosiah, Helorum and Helaman, and taught them the writing language of And these plates Nephi made, which their forefathers — modified Egyptian. contain our forefathers' words from the time they left Jerusalem until now, are He did this so they would become men also true. Remember to search them of understanding, knowing the diligently so you may profit from them. prophecies the Lord had given their forefathers (engraved on Nephi's I want you to obey God’s commands plates). so you will prosper in the land, according to the promises He made to Benjamin also taught his sons our forefathers." concerning the records engraved on the brass plates, saying, King Benjamin taught many more things to his sons not written here. "My sons, I want you to remember, if it were not for these plates containing As he grew old and realized he would records and commandments, we would soon die, he felt it necessary to confer now be in ignorance, not knowing the the kingdom upon one of his sons. And mysteries of God. It would have been so he called for Mosiah, named after impossible for our forefather Lehi to his grandfather, and said to him, have remembered all these things, and "My son, I want you to make a to have taught them to his children proclamation throughout all the land of without these plates. -
Understanding the Book of Alma 1-27 Missionary Map Activity
Understanding The Book of Alma 1-27 Missionary Map Activity 1. Take a look at your map and find the following things: 24. Read Alma 8:1 and make notes on your map. Zarahemla, Land of Ishmael, Nephite side, Lamanite 25. Read the Alma 8’s chapter heading. Make notes on your side, The Land of Jershon, Alma (the Elder the High map. Priest), King Mosiah, Mosiah’s 4 sons, Alma the 26. Read the italicized paragraph before Alma 9 that explains Younger Alma 9-14. Find this on your map and explain what is 2. Get a set of markers or colored pencils. As you go through happening. this activity color code your map. Color code the journeys 27. Draw what happens after their sermon by reading Alma 14’s that people take so they are different than other people’s. chapter heading. Also: write in notes and draw in other pictures to expand on 28. Follow the map by reading Alma 15’s chapter heading. the pictures on the map. Make appropriate notes on your map. 3. Look up Mosiah 25: 19, 23-24. Find where you are on the 29. Read Alma 16’s chapter heading. Draw what happens to map and make notes or draw some new pictures that give Ammonihah. you further information concerning what is taking place in 30. Find Alma and Amulek on your map showing what the end Zarahemla. of the chapter heading is explaining. 4. Now read Mosiah 27:8-10 next to sons of Mosiah and Alma 31. Make a note next to Alma and Amulek what the date is now. -
Charting the Book of Mormon, © 1999 Welch, Welch, FARMS Life Spans of Lehi’S Lineage
Section 3 Chronology of the Book of Mormon Charts 26–40 Chronology Chart 26 Life Spans of Lehi’s Lineage Key Scripture 1 Nephi–Omni Explanation This chart shows the lineage of Lehi and approximate life spans of him and his descendants, from Nephi to Amaleki, who were re- sponsible for keeping the historical and doctrinal records of their people. Each bar on the chart represents an individual record keeper’s life. Although the Book of Mormon does not give the date of Nephi’s death, it makes good sense to assume that he was approximately seventy-five years old when he died. Source John W. Welch, “Longevity of Book of Mormon People and the ‘Age of Man,’” Journal of Collegium Aesculapium 3 (1985): 34–45. Charting the Book of Mormon, © 1999 Welch, Welch, FARMS Life Spans of Lehi’s Lineage Life span Lehi Life span with unknown date of death Nephi Jacob Enos Jarom Omni Amaron Chemish Abinadom Amaleki 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 YEARS B.C. Charting the Book of Mormon, © 1999 Welch, Welch, FARMS Chart 26 Chronology Chart 27 Life Spans of Mosiah’s Lineage Key Scripture Omni–Alma 27 Explanation Mosiah and his lineage did much to bring people to Jesus Christ. After being instructed by the Lord to lead the people of Nephi out of the land of Nephi, Mosiah preserved their lives and brought to the people of Zarahemla the brass plates and the Nephite records. He also taught the people of Zarahemla the gospel and the lan- guage of the Nephites, and he was made king over both Nephites and Mulekites.