INTRODUZIONE Abbiamo Tra Le Mani Un Volume Che Parla Di Sport. Sport

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INTRODUZIONE Abbiamo Tra Le Mani Un Volume Che Parla Di Sport. Sport INTRODUZIONE Abbiamo tra le mani un volume che parla di sport. Sport a 360°, pieno, completo, emozionante e coinvolgente ed usciamo, tutti almeno da tifosi, da un mondiale di calcio. Sono tutti aspetti che reputo essenziali nella vita di uno sportivo perché la componente emotiva gioca un ruolo importante nel legare gli uomini allo sport e tra di loro, a seguire una partita piuttosto che un‟altra. La gioia di una realizzazione, l‟orgoglio di aver realizzato una meta oppure un tiro da tre sulla sirena ed una poderosa schiacciata Olimpica. Questo è il punto fondamentale che tratterò nelle pagine che seguiranno, quello del movimento olimpico e delle Olimpiadi: ripercorrendo la storia e proiettandoci nel futuro. Ritenevo necessaria questa premessa, fatta di emozioni che lo sport riesce a regalare anche in virtù della trattazione di argomenti di carattere economico, finanziario, culturale, sociologico e scientifico, che la professionalità, il lavoro pensato ed il corso di studio impongono di prendere in considerazione. Nel corso del lavoro parlerò della candidatura delle città italiane, Roma e Venezia, ad ospitare i giochi olimpici estivi del 2020 ed è per questo motivo che ho deciso di prendere le mosse dalla Carta Olimpica e dallo statuto del CONI (comitato olimpico nazionale italiano). Infatti, la carta del CIO (comitato olimpico internazionale) ci ricorda che: “L'attività del Movimento Olimpico, simbolizzata dai cinque anelli intrecciati, è universale e permanente. Essa abbraccia i cinque continenti e raggiunge il suo punto culminante in occasione del raduno di atleti di tutto il mondo per il grande festival dello sport che sono i Giochi Olimpici.” Mentre il CONI: “Il CONI detta principi per promuovere la massima diffusione della pratica sportiva in ogni fascia di età e di popolazione, con particolare riferimento allo sport giovanile sia per i normodotati che, di concerto con il Comitato Italiano Paraolimpico, per i disabili.” Principi che devono necessariamente adeguarsi alla realtà sportiva odierna, e dalla stessa essere rispettati. In una realtà in cui è preminente l‟aspetto economico e dove l‟attività sportiva si affianca all‟iniziativa economica; tanto privata che pubblica. Quindi realizzare e perseguire al meglio l‟aspetto economico non deve lasciare in secondo piano le virtù dell‟ attività sportiva e l‟ aspetto etico e morale. Ovviamente, ognuno di questi sport su citati, è caratterizzato da un impatto mediatico e 1 da un coinvolgimento di persone: protagonisti, spettatori, organizzatori ed indifferenti1 che varia. Allo stesso modo, varia l‟impatto economico, sociale, ambientale ed urbanistico dello stesso. Non sono comparabili in maniera assoluta, in base agli aspetti ed alle sfaccettature su citate, ma è indubbia la creazione di valore aggiunto da parte di questi eventi. Sia a livello locale che nazionale. Valore aggiunto sicuramente rappresentato dal coinvolgimento della popolazione e da una serie di eventi collaterali ai giochi che permettono la diffusione e l‟ interiorizzazione dello sport. Nelle scuole, nei bar, nelle piazze, in famiglia. Sfido chiunque ad ammettere che in questi luoghi non ha mai sentito parlare di sport, in Italia di calcio. Una nazione di calciofili, al di là della competenza, anche le nonne la domenica fanno la loro formazione preferita. Il lavoro che avete tra le mani è iniziato come una scommessa ed il work in progress è stato costante, almeno fino alla metà di maggio. Poi, la decisione del CONI di affidare la candidatura italiana per le Olimpiadi del 2020 a Roma, ha facilitato e non poco il mio lavoro: tra e per Roma 2020. Roma o Venezia: certamente il problema maggiore non è stato questo. Il problema sarà, in base alle scaramucce avute, l‟unità d‟Italia: non quella che celebrerà il suo secolo e mezzo l‟anno prossimo, ma quella che si dovrà registrare intorno alla città di Roma. Perché una candidatura olimpica, ha bisogno di alcune cose per vincere l‟assegnazione organizzativa, ma è indispensabile, a parte i voti dei membri CIO, avere alle spalle un Paese unito, un Sistema Paese. Forse perché l‟Olimpiade rappresenta attualmente il più importante evento globale, sotto diversi profili: di impatto sociale, economico, ambientale ed ideale. Una tesi che prende le mosse dalla definizione di un grande evento e dalle criticità e positività che ruotano attorno ad esso, prima di arrivare a parlare della gestione post-evento, un lascito o un fardello, e di studiare dei casi concreti: quello di Atene, di Pechino e le maratone di Roma e Venezia, tanto per fare degli esempi. Tanto si dirà su Roma 2020, prendendo in considerazione il budget, l‟impiantistica per le gare e non, il comitato organizzatore e la natura della scelta del CONI di propendere per la capitale di‟Italia anziché per la città lagunare. L‟olimpismo non è un miraggio per i giovani di ogni continente che, pur fisicamente 1 Il soggetto indifferente ,può essere assoluto:non si interessa ad alcuna competizione e disciplina sportiva;oppure relativo:ovvero in base alla manifestazione varia il suo comportamento 2 lontani, vivono sempre più vicini: nella rete e negli ideali. E oggi niente è più utile di un Grande Evento per contribuire alla trasformazione, al progresso, al miglioramento della città. Barcellona ne è l‟esempio più lampante: l‟Olimpiade del ‟92 l‟ha lanciata nel mondo. Roma, se pensa alla sua storia, ha avuto tre “Grandi Eventi” che l‟hanno cambiata: dall‟Eur (sigla dell‟Esposizione Universale Romana) prevista per il 1942 ai Giochi del ‟60 al Giubileo. Tutte suggestioni per le quali l‟Italia fece sistema. Come ha fatto, in tempi ancora più recenti, per l‟Expò di Milano 2015, che difatti è una realtà. Insomma, una tesi sulle candidature italiane ad ospitare i giochi del 2020. Una tesi iniziata parallelamente alla presentazione della doppia candidatura, seguendo percorsi, fatti e situazioni che hanno riguardato il dossier e la decisione del CONI, giunta nella parte finale di maggio, della quale si parlerà nel lavoro. Oltre agli aspetti di carattere tecnico e scientifico che tratterò, in questa premessa voglio dedicare dello spazio, come già affermato, ai valori dei giochi e dello sport. Voglio farlo partendo dal momento finale della vita del padre delle Olimpiadi moderne: a settantaquattro anni muore, svolgendo un‟attività motoria, Pierre Fredy, barone de Coubertin, lasciando un singolare legato testamentario: il suo cuore, estratto dal corpo, deve essere inviato in Grecia, perché sia conservato in una colonna nel territorio dell‟antica Olimpia2. Voglio anche ricordare, come proprio il barone francese scrisse all‟inizio del secolo che “solo a Roma l‟olimpismo rivestirà la toga sontuosa tessuta d‟arte e di pensiero”.3 Prendere le mosse da questo episodio per tuffarmi nelle tradizioni, nel significato e nel valore dei giochi Olimpici: dall‟aggregazione, alla partecipazione, alla socializzazione, a quel labile confine tra la vittoria e la sconfitta, tra la gioia e la tristezza, fino ad arrivare all‟abbattimento delle barriere e delle discriminazioni. Un dovuto riferimento agli aspetti su menzionati è stato da me fortemente voluto, per toccare anche superficialmente, le tante discipline trattate nel corso di questo ciclo di studi atriano. Inoltre, ho inserito diverse considerazioni soggettive e con una nuova voglio concludere: da tifoso della S.S.LAZIO, mi è sembrato di studiare ciò che un 2 Qualcosa di simile era stato previsto nel testamento di Evangelios Zappas nel quale si era prescritto agli eredi, trascorsi quattro anni dalla morte, di riesumare il corpo, conservato in Romania, e di trasferirne la testa ad Atene e il resto nel luogo di nascita, in Alambove, nel nord-ovest della Grecia. Zappas, con le sue ingenti risorse finanziarie, aveva vinto ogni resistenza del governo greco permettendo lo svolgimento, nel 1859, nel 1870 e nel 1875, di gare 3 Raffaele Ranucci, pag 64 vol. 1/1997 Lancillotto e Nausica 3 laziale dovrebbe sapere. Dalla diffusione delle pratiche agonistiche a Roma sino ad arrivare ai valori ed ai temi dell‟Olimpismo e dell‟Antica Grecia. I fondatori della prima squadra della Capitale, guardarono proprio alla patria dei giochi, quando nel 1900, decisero che l‟ideale Olimpico avrebbe guidato nei secoli la Lazio ed i colori sarebbero stati quello bianco e celeste: dall‟Antica Grecia i suoi colori, dall‟impero Romano il suo simbolo. La scelta di un lavoro così fatto, è nata anche dalla volontà di continuare nella direzione tracciata a conclusione della laure triennale in Scienze Giuridiche Economiche e Manageriali dello sport. Infatti, sono presenti dei riferimenti alla tesi in Economia Politica, “Grandi eventi sportivi e piccole realtà: un‟analisi economica comparata”4. Indubbiamente, quel lavoro ha rappresentato la base teorica sulla quale andare a ragionare per lo studio di un caso concreto: ROMA 2020. 4 Grandi eventi sportivi e piccole realtà: un‟analisi economica comparata”, Tesi Economia Politica, professor Marco Di Domizio, Luglio 2008, Atri 4 CAPITOLO 1 1.1 I grandi eventi: tra organizzazione ed evoluzione Ecco, allora, che prima di parlare nello specifico delle Olimpiadi è necessario chiarire di cosa parliamo, quando si fa riferimento ad un grande evento. Un “grande evento” è definito, nella letteratura corrente, come “un accadimento speciale che avviene in un certo tempo e luogo e che comporta cambiamenti significativi, per quanto temporanei, nella vita quotidiana di una comunità”.5 È indubbio che l‟evento costituisce un‟occasione irripetibile per tutta la collettività, in grado di produrre benefici considerevoli
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