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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Verso un nuovo arcipelago mediterraneo: le isole di Grazia Deledda, Fabrizia Ramondino, Anna Maria Ortese A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Italian by Adele Sanna 2018 © Copyright by Adele Sanna 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Verso un nuovo arcipelago mediterraneo: le isole di Grazia Deledda, Fabrizia Ramondino, Anna Maria Ortese by Adele Sanna Doctor of Philosophy in Italian University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Lucia Re, Chair Islands have traditionally been considered by canonical male authors as subordinated to the mainland. They have been alternately depicted as wild spaces to be tamed, civilized and colonized, or as sites of imprisonment. Often they appear as desirable, utopian elsewheres where one can escape from the real world and its turmoil. In my dissertation Verso un nuovo arcipelago mediterraneo: le isole di Grazia Deledda, Fabrizia Ramondino, Anna Maria Ortese (“Toward a New Mediterranean Archipelago: the Islands of Grazia Deledda, Fabrizia Ramondino, and Anna Maria Ortese”), I discuss and connect ― as in a kind of alternative feminist archipelago ― literary texts about Italy’s islands by canonical and lesser-known Italian women authors, ii including Grazia Deledda on Sardinia; Fabrizia Ramondino on Ventotene; and Anna Maria Ortese on the imaginary island of Ocaña. My archipelago expands progressively in the dissertation’s three chapters, addressing questions about Italian identity first, then European identity, and, finally, global identity. I combine textual analysis with critical perspectives from gender and feminist theory, Mediterranean thought, postcolonial studies, ecocriticism, and the new field of island studies. My dissertation shows how women authors have highlighted surprisingly positive, nuanced and politically productive dimensions of the island’s space and symbolic potential. I demonstrate that the work on islands by Italian women writers subverts the binary oppositions of island/mainland, inside/outside, and closed/open in order to create, instead, a new Mediterranean archipelago that reimagines physical, social, and political boundaries. iii The dissertation of Adele Sanna is approved. Cristina Della Coletta Thomas J. Harrison Andrea Moudarres Lucia Re, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2018 iv To Rosario and Giuseppe Antonio, the most brilliant islands in our ever changing archipelago of love. v Table of Contents Abstract of the Dissertation ............................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................... vii Vita ................................................................................................................................................. ix Introduzione .................................................................................................................................... 1 L’ISOLA IN LETTERATURA .................................................................................................. 2 APPROCCIO CRITICO E STRUTTURA DELLA TESI .......................................................... 7 CAPITOLO 1: La Sardegna di Grazia Deledda, Eleonora Duse e Antonella Anedda ................. 22 GRAZIA DELEDDA E LA SARDEGNA ............................................................................... 26 ANIME ONESTE E LA FUSIONE DELLA SARDEGNA AL REGNO D’ITALIA ............... 35 CENERE E LA RESISTENZA DELLA SARDEGNA ALLA COLONIZZAZIONE DEL REGNO D’ITALIA................................................................................................................... 48 LA CHIESA DELLA SOLITUDINE E L’AUTONOMIA DELLA SARDEGNA..................... 65 COSIMA E LA SARDEGNA COME ENTITÀ DI RIELABORAZIONE CREATIVA ......... 74 ISOLATRIA: VIAGGIO NELL’ARCIPELAGO DELLA MADDALENA DI ANTONELLA ANEDDA .................................................................................................................................. 78 CAPITOLO 2: La Ventotene arcipelagica di Fabrizia Ramondino .............................................. 87 FABRIZIA RAMONDINO E L’ISOLA................................................................................... 90 L’ISOLA RIFLESSA E LA MODERNITÀ RIFLESSIVA ........................................................ 94 L’ISOLA RIFLESSA E IL MANIFESTO DI VENTOTENE : LO SPIRITO DELL’UTOPIA .... 98 L’ISOLA RIFLESSA E L’IDEALE DELL’ARCIPELAGO MEDITERRANEO (DAI DANNI DELL’OMOLOGAZIONE E DELL’APPIATTIMENTO TEMPORALE ALLA RICCHEZZA DELL’AMBIVALENZA) ....................................................................................................... 110 L’ISOLA RIFLESSA, PROBLEMATICHE DI GENERE ED ECOFEMMINISMO ............. 125 CAPITOLO 3: La Ocaña di Anna Maria Ortese ........................................................................ 138 L’IGUANA TESTO FEMMINISTA E ANTICOLONIALISTA ............................................ 139 ANNA MARIA ORTESE E L’ISOLA ................................................................................... 144 OCAÑA CARAIBICA ............................................................................................................ 157 Conclusioni ................................................................................................................................. 189 Bibliografia ................................................................................................................................. 194 vi Acknowledgments I worked on most of this dissertation during my pregnancy and the first two years of the life of my son Giuseppe Antonio. Dissertating while parenting has been exhausting both physically and psychologically; I could not have made it without all the people who have helped me along the way. I am grateful to my Chair Lucia Re, whose intellectually challenging classes have kept my enthusiasm high during my Ph.D., and whose advice during my dissertation writing has been invaluable. Thank you to all the members of my dissertation committee: Cristina Della Coletta, Thomas Harrison, and Andrea Moudarres. All their comments and suggestions have made my dissertation a much better work, and all their affection has warmed my graduate school years. Jon Snyder’s comments during the presentation of the prospectus of my dissertation were incredibily useful, as were Serenella Iovino’s bibliographical suggestions and insightful remarks on the last chapter of my dissertation. Thank you to Elissa Tognozzi for her continuous support during the difficult moments of my dissertation writing while teaching and parenting. Her understanding has been extremely important for keeping me going on. Thank you to the Department of Italian at UCLA, including my colleagues whose friendship has made those years incredibily precious: Viola Ardeni, Sarah Cantor, Federica Di Blasio, and Adriana Guarro. Our lives have changed so much since the beginning of our graduate program at UCLA, and sharing our good and bad moments with each other, besides all the projects carried on together in the Department, will always be among my best memories. vii Thank you to Laura Reizman for our many lunches together on campus to relieve ourselves from the heavy days when we were feeling “too old to still be at school,” and for being a good friend I could always count on. Thank you to Nicoletta Loccioni, Iara Mantenuto, and Melissa Melpignano for sharing joys and sorrows of being Italians in the United States…plus wonderful “Italian-style” food. Greetings, smiles, and chats with all the neighbors (especially the little ones!) hanging out in Sepulveda A at the UCLA Graduate Housing were bright moments during those years. Special thanks to my special neighbors Aly and Laurel Kourouma and Umut and Sabiha Tok: their generosity has often left me speechless, and I wish we could be neighbors forever! I am grateful for my parents, Antonio Sanna and Grazia Spadaro, and for my brother, Luca Mosè Sanna: I could feel their love and good energy even if sent from thousands of miles away. Finally, thank you to my husband Rosario Esposito and to my son Giuseppe Antonio Esposito. I don’t know what the future holds for us, but I know that their presence in my life is what really counts and will always count. From the bottom of my heart: GRAZIE A TUTTI! viii Vita EDUCATION 2018 (expected) Ph.D. in Italian, University of California, Los Angeles 2011 M.A. in Italian, University of Virginia, Charlottesville GRANTS, HONORS, AND AWARDS 2017 Dissertation Year Fellowship, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 2016 Murphy Chair Fellowship in Italian, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 2014 Cecchetti Graduate Award, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 2011 Lola Pelliccia Prize, UVA, Charlottesville, VA TEACHING EXPERIENCE 2014-2018 University of California, Los Angeles Teaching Assistant for elementary and advanced levels of Italian language. Teaching Assistant for a course about Italian film and culture. 2009-2012 University of Virginia Teaching Assistant for all levels of Italian language. Instructor of Advanced Intermediate Spanish. 2008-2009 Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA Visiting International Instructor of Elementary Italian. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS 2017 “Partigiane e scrittrici: “Si sentì più alto” di Ada Gobetti e “La grande occasione” di Renata Viganò” [ Partisans and Writers: “Si sentì più alto” by Ada Gobetti and “La grande occasione” by Renata Viganò

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