R E P O R T RESUMES

OIS 870 SE 001 112 TEACHERS' GUIDES. AEROSPACE SCIENCE. GRACES K-6. BY- TIMMONS. KAREN S. LINCOLN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. NEBR. FUG DATE 66 MS PRICE ff-$0.50 HC-$3.76 92F.

DESCRIPTORS- *ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE. *SCIENCE ACTIVITIES. *TEACHING GUIDES. CIBLIOGRAPHIES. CONCEPT FORMATION. EARTH SCIENCE. PHYSICAL SCIENCES.

THIS IS A TEACHER GUIDE TO AEROSPACE SCIENCE TOPICS FOR USE IN GRADES KINDERGARTEN THROUG9 SIX. UNITS OF STUDY ARE BASED ON MAN'S EFFORTS TO FLOAT. FLY. AND EXIST ABOVE THE EARTH'S SURFACE. FOR EACH TOPIC THERE ARE INCLUDED LISTS OF (1) CONCEPTS TO BE DEVELOPED. (2) SUGGESTED GROUP ACTIVITIES. (3) VOCABULARY.(4) TEACHER REFERENCE BOOKS. (5) STUDENT BOOKS. (6) FILMS.(7) FILMSTRIPS. (8) SINGLE CONCEPT FILMS. (9) OTHER AUDIOVISUAL AIDS.(10) SUGGESTED INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITIES. AND (11) QUESTIONS FOR USE IN EVALUATING STUDENTS. IN ADDITION. THERE IS A STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM UNDER CONSIDERATION AND A BRIEF FACTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTENT. (RS) SE 001 112 EDO 15870 AEROSPACETEACHERS' SCIENCE GUIDES GRAVES K -6 Avumpace Cumieuttan Devetoptient Pnojeet The Lincotn Pubtie SchoolsVeve2oped 46 a put of Summit, 1966 September, 1966 pant ot; the Lincotn, Nebraska PubtieSunded Schoot4 under TJJleAeAo4pace TheIII matetiatoi the Etementaty-Secondary in the attached amoace Education Actence Act. wi126 bon gudea K-6 R44 CuAAicutun Vevetopment Project which developed as a 4pon4okedUnimetaityby RichaAd coopeutivety PAo6e66ox Raecke, Kearney Frankby the E. PublicLincotn Soken4on Schootz, Public wab geneutBeAnaAdSchoot4 Theehaaman E.and unites Nutt, the otc wereLincotn the producedinztA/ute; Pubtic dulling he was an eight-week inAtitute (13 June - 5 Auglat VA. 0. W. Kopp oti the LiniveA44,ty a conducting Univensity o NebAwka. Sehoot4, and 1966) a44iated anAAA.yew:. on-going Jean by NebraskaRademacheA, evacuation teachers Project oL .the MediaPuject. Speciati4t. The matehiat in the6e unita will be evacuated tiontinumusty thAoughout the 1966-1967 4ehoot Puvaion ha6 been made Lon a gaup o6 etementaxy Achoot. teachen4 toandhelptiut edit /Lamm and to itup-date themto the 4:6the Pro a2materciat jestteachers in who tight we oLany the4e one oievatuatton4It the iA undoout hopeinwLU the WIthat 1967in, you the4ammeA. wU2 evatuation 6tind this 4hee; aerto4plee acience mate/fiat haptiut and intemAting. It witt be KarenSteven S.N. S,ApeiantendentTimmon4,Watkin.4AdmittatiLatox, Pro jest o6 AeAo4pace SupeAvaonSchoot4, CumicatumLincoln, and Devetopment PAoject K K AEROSPACE SCIENCETEACHER'S GUIDEKINDERGARTEN Aerospace Curriculum Development Project The Lincoln Public SchoolsDeveloped as a part of Summer, 1966 Yesterday's dream . Today's frontier - AEROSPACJ Tomorrow's life tofuture live this future, and that The following unit of their future! It is our hope that throughinstruction the is but one attemptthey, to focus in turn, will project beyond this limited view to an even more attractive life study of this material, these children will be better prepared the eyes of elementary school students on the Aerospacegrowthlearningfor their of tochildren.ourAge, fly great to thecountry. first Today, more people are involved inastronaut the aerospace onIt thebecomes industries moon increasinglyand beyond, important their achievementseach year affectthan that are theour in economic childrenany other andare industry. culturaltrue citizens of the From the student Thisthe studentpremise learnshelped anyguide particular the persons set Albert R. Hibbs, a physicist deeply involved in today's space science,whoof put facts, this butmaterial it does in matterunit form. whether Facts,he learns concepts, hashow stated,much experiments fun "It it doesis toand not learn. con- matter whether sot thedrivesstatements,clusions desire him areto we doexploreimportant, believean investigation, and that butdraw sheit iswill If each teacher who approaches the his own conclusions. also importantthen our that science the student materialhave become anhas enjoyable done a two-fold and profitable job.introduction period of of her aerospace unit will give careful thought to the following If he acquires the processes needed to investigate and gains involved in a study where his interest time in air and space with the children in her classroom. 2.1. Groups A teacher or individualscan best j'.dge will materialhowbeto encouragedextensivelytheir presented. interests. to each group or individual will becomedevelop involved "in depth" in thethose areas which lend themselves 5.4.3. InItEach theis unit notpresentation expectedwill be opened thatof the a with teacheruseconcepts,limit thethis additionaldevelopmost interest current all pointdevelopment suggested to materialif a teacher of a finds a guide the children into the development of the unit. which are stated under each problem of a unit, it is as happening in air or space and specialthe teacher field will of interest. unit, nor should the unit Bernard- Aerospace Nutt, Chairman concepts.important to develop the processes of investigatiw4Science Committee, and Summer, 1966 - reaching conclusions as it is to learn the Madelyn Palmer EleanorJoelineGeraldPhyllisBeverly BullerF.Anderson AmenA. Beck Allen MaryDennisFredPhyllisLuella R. Esser EvansC. ConwayCraig Hansen DoloresLauraVernWinonaKatharine Martin StaatsPlalolepszy Painter Hoover JamesMonicaHelenTheresa Robbins WinneyShasteen Stetz FROM EARTH-THROUGHA Kindergarten Aerospace OVERVIEW AIR-INTO SPACE Unit whenrealitydimension what andwas of apossiblespace exploration. only ItToday's is hoped kindergarten that this unit very real part of their environment. children were born intoin the most imaginative will be a startingTheir entirepoint lives have a world with the dramaticscience fiction has become been lived in the years new a problemearthinlarge the is uponconcerns worldthe thechild's about naturalthe him. homeimportance and some and basic uses ofinterest the and informationIt begins with the understanding about the development of airthat which the surroundsfive year theold of for the teacher an awareness that the earth; the second earth; andto en- today has moreteaching.learningthe rapid third inabout problemthe it.future. deals Changes have come about rapidly in the with space as This rapid change a part of our environment and past few yearsshould and be a constant are certain to be guide to our what man is classrooms.usedbeginningand bydiscussing. teachers in the The kindergarten teacher Theprocessto suggestedsuit of the inquiry interestsactivities through and has a unique opportunity given in theneeds three of broadtheobserving, children questioning, to help children make in individual areas are toinvestigating, be a Phyllis Conway, West Beverly Allen, Holmes Lincoln Elementary Elementary School, School, Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska Nebraska all MIN C= =1 =1 = = = Pirr-1111111 111112 Statement of the Problem = = = 1::=FROM EARTHTHROUGH'=I =I =I AIR =3INTO SPACE Eack4round We live on a large planet called Earth, andsomeglobeis half mostly mountains,is isa modelcoveredin darkness. plains, with orwater, The earth on which we live 4s a very large planet of the earth, This makes forests.our day and night, We live On land,It shows which us looks that differentthe shape inof differentthe earth places;is almost someThe round ofearth itand constantlyis that the surfacerotates and as it turns, half of it is facing the in space, We see only a small pert of the earth, desert, The sun Concepts1. Thea, earthHow do is we a veryknow large ball in space, the earth is round? Suggested1. Activities modelHave a ofglobe the inearth. the classroom. Point out that it is a 2'. bea,Theb. earth is made up of land, water. WhatInDoes whatpart the waysofearth thedo moveplacesearth in isonspace? land?earth Whatlook partdifferent? showshiptoyit model, fromdisappears one side from to sightthe before the that the earth is r)und, Place the sailboat on the Construct a toy sailboat other. The lower part of the saiI,Thisglobe and helps "bail* or use a 3, b.Gravitya. holds things to the earth. DoesWhatis gravitykeepswater? people help us?from flying off into space? 3,2, DemonstrateglobesizeUse thethat but globe thethatwith earth to ita planetariumis does suspended in distinguish land ilnd water, not have a base like that the earth is in space, Emphaa model planetVocabulary earth gravity globe rotate 5,4. toFindfromIfspace illustratepossible, thatpictures and area.that walktheof it differenttorevolves around the mountains, oceans, plains, and cities a hill to observe the earth sun. TeacherSource MaterialsBooks: and Media 6, globeShinePutround aaand stick lightobject. a flashlight throughto an or This will show represent the sun and slowly turn the orange or a hollow ball. lamp may also be used.parts of the earth,night and day. The Washington,EarthParker,GradeBrandwein, and t, Bertha, SpaceN.Y.: D.C.:Paul Guide Gravity,P., etfor al*,N.Y.: Elementary Concepts Harper Teachers,& inRow, Science, 1961,12 Harcourt, Brace & World Inc., 1966Mgr 8.?a makesHoldhowStick armsgravitythem pins outstretchedwant keepsin toan us and orange or in a ball goto down.represent on earth, experience the "pull"This that is gravity. Smith, et al., Science 1, River Forest, Ill: 9. Throw objects into the air and observe how they fall. Student Books: Barnett,Laidlaw Lincoln, Science The World We Live In, N.Y.: 10. mer,gravity.FindUse orheavy "gravity a rocket and lighttoys" with objects.sucha parachute as a toy to dumpdemonstrate truck, egg ti Engelbrektson,Childcraft,N.Y.:FieldSimon Enterprisesand Schuster,"World Sune, andCorp., Inc.,Gravity Space", 1964, 1956 At Chicago: VolumeWork and III !lap Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc., 1963 Teacher Notes: Holseart,Goudey,Lewellen,N.Y.: Alice Eunice, John, E., TheAThe Book TrueDay To WeBook BeginSaw of the Moon,on SunOuter Sun, Come Ams, RE, CharlesHolt, Rinehart Scribner's and Sons,Winston, 1961 Inca, 1959 Branley,N.Y.:Rowand Stars,Publishers, Franklin Chicago: 1951M., Children'sWhat Makes Press,Ea and 1954Night ?, Gene, AllThomas Falling V. Down, Crowell N.Y.: C6., 1961 Harper and Films: WhatBig DoSun We and See Our In Earth,The Sky?, Coronet Coronet Films Films 1,Student Evaluation Do the children understand that the rotation of the Filmstrips: TheOur Earth Earth and is thePart Sun, of theEyegate Solar House System, Eyegate House = = = = 2.3. Dosurfaceearth they causesunderstandrealize is water day that andthe the thenight?pull major remainder of gravity?portion is ofland? the earth's = = = = FROM EARTH-THROUG11 AIR.INTO SPACE Statement of the Problem Air is all around the earth, MINIM ~WIND Background Air is an essential element of our environment, We can feel moving air, and see its effects on other objects. Although air is an invisible mixture of gases, what it does Some things are capable of Concepts,theflyingcan bewing observed,through is less the than air, beneath the wing. Air flows faster above an airplane wing than beneath the wing, The pressure from beneath lifts the airplane and keeps it aloft, Suggested Activities Thus the pressure above 2.1, Airbea. exertsis real. pressure. CanCan we we see feel it? it? 2,1, CanandPlaceUseLet you on.the the afeel pinwheelelectric children a stream infan examine front ofto movingdemonstrate ofand the manipulateAir? fan. the movement a of Turn the fan off spray gun, air. 3. b.a.Manb.a, Doescan flyair inpush? airplanes. Could-weHowDo somedoes fly thingsair without help float lift air? in the air? plane? 4,3, OnpressesUse inflate.a 'indya hand against day pump take theto the fillsides children a ofbasketball the outside. ball withand causesair, it to Give a large Air airVocabularz airplane wing glider parachute 6.5, chuteDemonstrateBlowchildrensheet soap-bubblesand of acardboardhold glider.how theair with cardboatdholdsto aeach ringthings boy broadsideor andupwith withgirl. soap-bubble against the a small para-Have the wind,pipes. TeacherSource Books:Materials and Media Navarra, John Go, et al" Todars Basic Science, Grade 8,7. HavenozzleandLet theathe toy ofchildren balloon,the balloon doblow a hangingupsimple balloons, experimentover the edge. with Put the balloon on a table, with Placea book a the Smith,GradeLaidlawSchnieder,1, N.Y,:1, et Boston: Science7;FM,al Hermaki Science and 1, Nina, 1966River Science Forest, For Ill,: Work and Play, Harper 1 Row Pub,, 1963, pp, 18.28 DiwC0 Heath-maGra 1955 9, HoldTakesameblowbook twoboth time.airon pieces-of toppiecesinto of the thein paperballoon, thecollapsed airof theand balloon, samelet themsize, drop Now have a child Crumple one, at the Student Books: 10, Put a bottle of water upside down in a pan of waters Reverse the Brown,Bendick,N.Y.: Margaret Jeanne, Wise, the FirstThe Mbon Book Franklin Watts, Inc., 1963 Balloon, N.Y:of Airplanes* g 12,11. blowTakeaLetprocedure display* airthe a tripintochildren and tothe pullan tiringbottle airport the airmodelwith to out. awatchand tube, toy the airplanes airplanes for Children*sChicago:HarperGreene,Priskey, and Children'sCarla, Press,RowMargaret, Publishers, I Inc.,Want Press, The To1957 True BeInc., ABook 195T 1952 Pilot, Chicago: of Air Around Us, Teacher Notes: closelytake off at ar.1 a plane land, and sit in one, Perhaps the children can look Tresselt,McGraw4fillPine,N.Y.:Knight, Tillie Clayton, Alvin, BookS., etFollowCo.,The al., 1950 theAir All Around,. N.Y.: Grosset and Dunlap, Inc., 1955 at Book of Real Helicoptpri, N.Y.: Wyler,HarperHarperlingerer,Lothropi Rose,and and LeeRow,Tomi, Row,et and al,,1957 The 1963Shepard ProveMellazi Co*,Itl, Go 1950Ilximo N.Y.: Films: Air Alland AroundWhat it Us, Does, Coronet Encyclopaedia Films Britannica Films Student1. Evaluation Dospace? the children realize that air occupies Filmstrips: HowFirst We Fly,Experiments McGraw.Hill With Air, Jam Handy 4,2.3. HaveAreDoof aircraft themovingthethey childrenchildren aware air? or conventionalthat understandincreased air is theirnecessarythatair flight?air pushes? observations for Statement of the Pro_ blem Space is a part of our environment. PROM EARTHTI ACtIGH Allt.INTO SPACE Backgroundhereplanets, differs stars, in that and theresun in is our no universe,sir and very littleSpace gravity. is bigger than anything we know or understand. Man is interested in space travel outside the earthts atmosphere. We are in space, our earth is in space, asRockets are the and other satellites are sent into apace to heir us Travel C_and onclearn return how to earthtravel safely, in space. is Astronauts go into space in rocket ships to learn about mants ability to trave in space SUggested Activities 1. Theb.a. sun,How bigmoon, is stars,space? and our earth are Whatin space. can qwe see in apace? 2.1, MaketrateUse a planetariumthe placement or ofsolar the systemsun and mobile planets to inillus., balloon rocket. Inflate the balloon and tape space. 3.2. AstronautsRocketbea. Why ships can't are can airplanesmen travel who go intofly in rocketintofar awayouter ships spate. Howspace? to do rocket ships move away from the earth? 3. Usethewirea pieceair athrough globe out of of andsodathe the a straw straw modelballoon. and toof the&olda Gemini side. it vertically. or Mercury Put a length of cap Let b.outera. space. WhoHow aredo astronautssome of the get astronauts? ready to go into space? S.4. Bringrocketsule modelsWeavesand models show ofcirsseronsuese_space forhowGemini display.the orcapsule Mercury orbits capsules capsules, the earth. and orbitastronautsVocabulary, capsulerockets spacelaunching pad 6. down.Whirlyouclassroomrocket leta ball launchings,go bulletin ofon thea string. string, board,and other and spacewhet pullsevents the for ball Ask what will Uppen if a TeacherSource MaterialsBooks: and Media Pointfromhighis enougheveryoneenough out that speed,so or whenit inside isit you likewill whirllet afly rocket itoff close intoand Go out on the playground and whirl the ball go it will fly out away space. thatto theif therefloor. BookJacobsen,UnitBookBrndweim, 1, 1,6 N.Y.: N.Y.:Willard Paul Harcourt, P., J., et et al., Braceal., Concepts Looking& World, inInto Inc., Sceince, Science, 1966,, American Book Co., 1963 7. ofasSimulate largethe long capsule chairsas the the size and sidenose. forof by a the side.space rear capsule part whichby placing is twice Draw a line for the nose two 1rr1IR,1.MNNP plipprir" lellander,Scholastic.Follett Publishing Maslen,October, Co., am,1966, "Letts 1960 Chicago: Find Out." 9.8. watchWatchDrawchildren a,atpictures rockethome, alerted oflaunching whatto space you on aceeventstelevistono as youwhich stand they on can a hill Keep Student Books: Bendick,N.Y.: Jeanne, The First Book Franklin Watts, Inc. 71;er of lase Travel, 10. MakeConstructdrawand look astronautswhat into. ayou rocket see.space. helmets ship.from from papercartons sacks or cardboards.or cattonso Imab-Ae the night time sky and 17173"="meisesChildcraft,Chester,Greene,G.P. Putnam's Michael,Carla, "World ICorp" Let'sWantand Space", Tb1964,Go Be A Vol, Chicago:Space III sendirir" On.Alms Pilot, N.Y.' Teacher Notes: Holseart,George,Chicago:Sonneborn,N.Y.: Holt,Frances, chilaen7Frese Ruth, You The And Question aitet, AndWashington, Answer Book Of Bunice,a1110EN.7121120n OuterRineairlilaston. sea, IncoO1;19 "fili;TI431' DoCos NABC Space, Ride,Wassermann,Sao.,ThroneburgoN.Y.: N.Y.,:Chicago: James,Selma andMan Jack,On The Moonbeam Mobnt Andihe Rocket Random Houirinco,'196t Alfrerro KriF0,11117o,Benefit TM Preirrnigra--- Our Future In Films: GeminiSpace 8,Flight NASA Around the Barth, Churchill Films Student Evaluation /1.6 Filmstrips: 1. Dospace? the Children'Understand that our earth fs'in extremely '. . . WhatIsRocketsSpaceHow An Trip AstronautInTo Space?,Space,To me LivesMoon, JamJam Handy HandyInJam Space, Handy Corp,Corp, FilmstripCorp, Haute 2.3. highDoconcerningHave they speeds? they realize increased space rockets and their space must, interest travel?travel atand knowledge . !VALUATION FOR AEROSPACE SCIENCE ACTIVITIES Mts.When1. youKaren have Timmons, completed Lincoln, this sectionNebraska, please PUB, completeDo notDid sign thisyou yourcoverevaluation name. all material sheet and in sendthis itunit? to YES NO 2. IsIf thisNO which material problems suitable were forcovered? the grade? YES NO 4.3. DidWas youthe havearea difficultytoo broad? obtaining materials? YES NO 41111111111 6.5. GoodListAre theGroup concepts Activities valuable? that you think are: YES NO 7. ListPoor Individual Activities that you think are: 8. WhatGoodPoor other interesting ideas did you use? Please list. 9. * Aerospace Curriculum Development Project, LincolnHow would Public :2U alterSchools, the 720format? South 22nd Street IMPORTANT: YOUR GRADE LEVEL 1 1 FIRST YEARAEROSPACE PRIMARY SCIENCETEACHER'S GUIDE Developed as a part of Aerospace Curriculum Development Project The Lincoln Public Schools Summer, 1966 1 AEROSPACE tofuture live -- thif their future, future! and that they, in turn, will project beyondThe following this limited unit ofview instruction to an even is more but attractiveone attempt life to focus the eyes of elementary school children on the It is our hope that through the study of this materi al, these children will be Yesterday'sbetter prepared dream - Today's frontier - Tomorrow's life Aeros;growt1learningfor their ace of Age. toourcFildren. fey great to thecountry. first astronaut on the moon and beyond,Today, their more achievements people are involvedaffect the in economicthe aerospace and cultural industries than are in any other industry. It becomes increasingly important each year that our children are true citizens of the From the student areThisthe important, !remisestudent helpedlearns but it anyguide is particular also the importantpersons set whoof that facts,put the this baitstudent material it doesbecome inAlbert matter unitinvolved R.whether Hibbs, in a physicist deeply involved in today's space science, has stated, "It does not matter whether form. Facts,he learns concepts, how much experiments fun it is andto learn.conclusions . ." statementr,anexplore investigation, and drawwe believe histhen own ourthat conclusions. science she will material have has done a two-foldIf job. each teacher who approaches the introduction of her If he acquires the processes anneeded enjoyable to investigate and profitable period of time in air and aerospace unit will give careful thought to the following a study where his interest drives nim to and gains the desire to do space with the children, in her classroom. 2.1. Groups A teacher or individuals can best judge will howmaterialbeto encouragedextensivelytheir presented. interests. toeach develop group "inor ildividuallepth" those will become involved areas which lend themselves in the 5.4.3. InIt Each theis notunitpresentation expected will be thatopenedof the withlimituse thethis additional interest devebpment point to guide the children into a teacher develop all suggestedconcepts material which ofif a areteacher stated finds under each problem most current happening in air a special field of interest. the development of the unit, or space and the teacher will a unit, nor should the unit - Aerospace Science Committee,Bernard Nutt, Summer, Chairman 1966 Beverlyto develop A. Allen the processes of investigation and reaching Phyllis Conway - conclasions as it is to learn the Katharine Hoover of a unit, it is as important Helenconcepts. Robbins JoelineEleanorGeraldPhyllis F. AndersonBuller AmanBeck DenitsMaryFredLuella R. EsserC. EvensCraig Hansen MadelynDoloresVernWlnona HartinPalmer PainterMalolepszy JamesTheresaWonicaLaura Winney ShasteenStaatsStetz A FIRST YEAR PRIMARY AEROSPACE UNIT FLIGHT INTO SPACE mysterious. "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the It is the source of Al true art and science." Overview intheir an ownunusual neighborhoods. kind of machine -- the spaceship.To six-year-old children, there is excitemint.just in the exploration of heretofore They can appreciate. the lure of.adventure in a trip intd:the unknown -- outer space -- Albert Einstein - undiscovered places in willtheyspacesome now conclusionscanand, begin be perhaps,.evincecuriosity led.to to askof see theirmore that specificown. scientistsare questions as to whetheralso about.By asking yettheplant other agethese Ind of bodies animalquestions,six, mightmost -life childrenand,exist in space,now, in will space.with distances have the askedadvent to manyother of questionsrocketry, bodies in aboutare the visible sky and will have reached They will not have ceased to wonder about the visible stin,% moon, and stars. From questions such as these They abilitymakesable a tospaceshipto getproject more keep himselfantwers. circling into thespace earth through ?" his masteryThis. resource of rocketry;. unit is and, being His offered in three broad Rocketry itself oiompts at least shallow inquiry areas: Man's quest for knowledge of the universe; His as to "What makes a*rocket go?" or "Whatsubsequent need and ability to take orthequestionshis in 'childrenenvironmententirety set askasforth with befits'the'group,can. an.him always attempt into be space. hasused thebeen for children made to maylead form toward their the The unit need not be taughta more innatural this orderdevelopment. nor in its 'entirety.. owndevelopment answers. of a teaching unit. After the activities have teen done in part 'lost will be ..;..Aphisticated but, Questions which Through the havethenevertheless, .appliedteacher totheir shouldkeep knowledge the help information lead toward the desiredA broad understanding which desirably will current in this rapidly caanging field of aerospace science. .come from this unit is conclusion;that scientists, the stated engineeis, concept. and technicians It will t, the responsibility of of which will be used to benefit all Phyllis Aman,and Maryskill O'ConnorMadelyn to the Palmer,seeminglyElementary Brownell impossible School; Elementary task of School, flight Lincoln,in men. Lincoln,-Nebraska Nebraska space, the peaceful exploration FLIGHT INTO SPACE BackgroundStatement of the Problem Man is learning about space. moreobtainfurnishing knowledge information. information, of other bodies but many in space.questions remain unanswered.Much study of the sky can be done from, the earth. Being in outer space offers a better vantage point from which to view the earth and acquire The use of rockets to boost satellites or probes far above the earth The naked eye, telescopes, and other instruments Nan's curiosity has led him to seek other waysare to has Conceptsbutunmanned.proved man's highly reason, useful. insight, and judgment make him indispensable in complex missions of exploratory Monkeys and mice have been used in experiments; instruments gather information and relay it to earth; Each time a successful launch is made, knowledge grows, whether the spacecraft is manned Suggested Group Activities flight. or 1. Space extends in all directionsc.b.a. IsHowWhat beyondeverything is can a betterbethe seen earth.in perspective from the earth? afforded from space visible from the earth? 3.2.1. VisitPlaceDisplay aearth, planetarium.a mobile atmosphere of the andsolar space objects in placesystem. 2. Exploration is broadening man'searth and other bodies in outer space? space. knowledge of the 5.4. DrawUse childrenstars with to white chalkDell"revolutionon bulletin could and beboard rotation. or flannelboard display. adapted for representsong to sun, moon and earth in Words to "Fanner in the accompany. c.b.a. WhyHow is knowledgetheit beneficialinformation of space to acquired? useful? man on earth? 7.6. OnShine playground, a flashlight have inchild holdincomparison, a darkened do room. the same on white a lighted classroom and again on black paper. very small object sopaper. For telescopeplanetariumplanetsVocabulary* explorespaceinstruments probeuniversesatellite untilthat objectit can isbe noseen by longer visible. everyone. Let child retreat TeacherSource Books: Materials and Media 8. Have child boardfromin thethrougha distance viewfinder to magnifyinglook at an glassoutlined makes area on viewfinder on camera. from a distance.show how much more is objects appear Do the same the chalk- included . ..Bendick, Jeanne, Frankliii-Watts, The First Book of Inc.,7963. Space Travel, 9. Show how a much larger. Discuss uses of telescope and of . Childcraft,NewWashington,Cortright,Enterprises York: "World EdgarD.Corporation, C.: M., and Space", U.Chicago: S. Gov'tSpace Exploration -- 1964. Printing Office,-1964. Field Why and How, 10. Start collecting aerospace telescopicbox.tell one lensthing on he camera. Have child select knows about it. picture from box and pictures. Place in rAational''George, Frances,NewDietz, York: David, Aerospaci-Mation Council,Random House9.1962. All About Satellites You and Space,Jr., Looking Into Washington, D. C.: and Space Ships,Space, New York: 1964. Suggested2.1. DrawUse Indi 8or mm vipaint single dual pictures of the sky.concept film on. Earth'sActi vi ti es Shape. --AmericanizJacobson, BookWillard AmericanCompany,Jacobson,Lessing, Book WillardLawrence, Company, Jr., Fortune, "Forty Miles of Exploring1965,1965. Uniii-II Space, and New VI. York: .6.4.3.5. DrawViewLook Look orsmallthrough through paint objects toy binoculars. pictures of satellites-in space...telescope. understories magnifying about space glass. shots. :NASA, "America inNASAGovernmentInformation Facts, PrintingEveryWashington, W..-F-isom Office, Space," Washington, D. C.: D. C.: Space," January,1964. 1964. U. S. Government U. S. 10. Keep8. calendar9.7. Begin UseBring Space development picturesof spaceAge -Elvis and of aerospaceto be continued throughout unit. Talking Book. events. picture dictionaryUse aerospace PVIEtTiii-Wice, 1964, 1965, 1966."Project"Orbiting"Nimbus,""Project Relay", GeophysicalVol.Ranger",.Vol..III, II, G-12-62 No. Observatory," 7 No.-2 Vol. II, No. 13 Teacher Notes symool s to. mark launch dates. Boston:Schneider, Herman and Nina, Science"Tiros"4.Vol."Project for Syncom",.Vol.Work 119 No. 12. II, No.: 14 D. C. Heath and ComiiiiiITT9g575-Wters I, . and Play, Tannenbaum,AerospaceSpaceVIIWebster and -- IX. Challenge PublishingIndustriei-KsibaiEfon Harold E.,and Company, etPromise, al., 1960. Space, Washington,of America, St. Louis: Inc., D. C.: 1962. Teacher Books (continued): Tellander,EnterprisesWorldbook,Publishing Marian, Company, "SpaceCorporation, Space,Travel", 1960. 1964, VolumeChicago: XVII.Chicago: Follett Field Student Books: Company,Burt, Olive, 1960. Space Monkey, New York: John Day AmericanJacobson,Space,Holsaert,Podendorf, New Book WillardEunice,York: Illa, Company, Jr.,etThe al., True1965.Day A andBook Night, of Space, Holt, RinerartIllinstonro7;7g59. Book to Begin on Outer New York: Chicago: Children'sNewZacks,FranklinPowers, Jersey: Irene, Richard,Watts, Press;N07-- Space VrTi7711151.--- A FreshAlphabets Look EnglewoodAt Clouds, Cliffs,, Prentici151171964. New York: Films: BritannicaSpaceEarth's Flight Shape, Films, Around Film Inc. theAssociates. Earth, Encyclopaedia Other Media: G.Space I. Joe AgeSuit, Official Elvis Pawtucket, Talking Space R.Book.Capsule I.: and Authentic Hassenfeld Bros. Filmstrips: What IsAre Space? Satellites?Space Stations? Jam Handy. Jam Handy. Jam Handy. 2.1.Student Is the Evaluation child buildingbeginning an to awareness recognizespace exploration? of the the value immensity of Records: HowSpace Space Songs. Science Helps Us. Nasco Science Materiels. Filmstrip House. 3. Does the child want to knowof more space? about space? FLIGHT INTO SPACE Statement of Man-made vehicles are the Problem launched into space. Backgroundfrom special Powerful rockets, launch sites. able to overcome Spacecraft move the pull of into orbit return to gravity, are when inertiaearth.' Launching being used to and gravity are time depends upon launch manned in balance or and unmannedthe weather and they proceed spacecraft the preparationtoConcepts the moon orof otherthe vehiclesplanets. and the men-who They sometimes control them. Suggested Group Notice that no energy Activities is necessary to 1. Rockets overcome b.intoa. How Whatspace. does a is gravity? rocket lift the pull ofoff gravity the ground? to move 2.1. 3.JumpToss Measure up.a morereturn force. to the ball straightpull up. of gravity floor. by weighing on Throw it with scale.succeedingly 2. Spacecraft c. a.What What partis doesan orbit? weather orbit or go to stay playotherin in motion? bodiesa launch? in space. 4.5. Observe Tape inflated Releaseis released. air. reaction when air balloon on top of a from inflated toy car. inflated balloon 3. Properties of b. a.aHow gentleHow do doesspacecraft landing. friction help? air and water can be used to effect 6. 8.7.Tape DemonstrateTwirl straw a ballto a on a balloon.string from wall to Slip straw over sidelaunch of long, with narrow,a water rubber string. floor. long string. Release air. rocket. Fasten Vocabulary b.c. How Why dogs is a water a good place parachute help? to land? 10. Place9. severalPlace marble spinningraise arm to till show jar in jar. marbles in glass. simulated orbit. is upside down. With spinning and their eventual stop Push glass. motion,Continue slowly Note launchcapsulerocket pad payloadcontrolcountdownnosecone house orbitsplash-downgantry 11. Drop two equal sized papers aftercontinuedagainstto show glass unequalcomparativemotion stops. ofsurfaces. marbles rate of descent as air presses (1 crumpled and 1 smooth} 12. Attach small object to parachute. Toss and note TeacherSource MaterialsBooks: and Bendick, Jeanne, The First Book Media of Space Travel, 13. Drop old light bulb in pan of water,Notespeedof packed effectof descent. soil,of trapped including air inrocks. Do also without aid of chute. parachute. Compare impact. then in box Jacobson,NewDietz, York: David, Willard All AboutJr., etSatellites RanmFranklin Rouse, Watts, 1962. Inc., T963. al., Looking, Into Space, and Space Ships, 14.Suggested Fill bottle Individual with hot Activities water. bilityRest ice under cube fog on conditions.mouth of bottle. Pour out most of it. Discuss visi- Vol.U.New"Space"Launch S.York: II, Gov't. Travel", No.Vehicles", 5Printing Supplement. Worldbook, NASA Facts, Chicago: American Book Company, 1965. °fie; Vol. II, No. 5 and Washington, D. C.: Field 2.1. ObserveCollect weather.or draw pictures of theactions pull whichof gravity, as a leaf falling. Record on calendar. illustrate Tannenbaum,EnterprisesSt."World Louis: and Harold Corporation,Space", E., Childcraft, et al.,1964. Earth Chicago: and Space, Webster Publishing raiiii67196o. VolumeVolume XVII. III. Field Teacher Notes: Student Books: NewBranley, York: Franklyn M., Rockets and Satellites, Thomas Y. Crow 61. Hyde,Dunlap,DeNewChester, Caprio,York: Margaret Inc., Michael, Anne, 1963% O., 1, Let'sOff 2, IntoNew Go York:ToSpace, A Rocket New York:Base, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Tar Grosset and Munch,AmericanJacobson,McGraw-HillBenefic Theodore Book Press,Lauby Book Company, W.,and 1965:---Compaq: WhatKnoicek, 1965. IsInc., A Rockets,Rocket?, 1959. NewChicago: York: NewCompany,HowTannenbaum,Powers, York: They Richard,1960.Work, Harold St. A Louis:FreshE., We Look Read at About the Clouds,Rockets and Franklin watts:IR., T04. Webster Publishing Filmstrips: Handy. Records: AllHowRockets Kinds Gravity toof Space,Weather,Works, Jam Eye Filmstrip House. Gate House. Transparencies: WeatherSpace Songs,Age Science, Tom Glazer, General Ed. Aniline & Film Corp. Record Sales. Other Media: "Staging"Natural"Gravitational inForces", Rocketry", Pull", No. 258-512.No.No. 258-510.258-529. Student Evaluation ModelF."Air A. Owen--and Cape Weather"Publishing Kennedy, Charts, Company. A Count-down Dansville, Launching New York: Pad, 2.1. Is thethere child evidence aware thatof forces the child returnincunderstandingaffecting has somefrom vehicles ofspace? propulsion? rlodelRemco,FlannelboardRealia.Rocket --Style Balloons, Water No. cut-outs. Rockets, 635. New York: Nasco, 54417 Two-stage. Science Materials Center. 3. Does the child understand motionthatit is an hasaoted object a tendencyupon in by anotherto continue force? its motion until Statement of the Problem FLIGHT INTO SPACE Background Man is learning to live in a space is difficult for environment.living things which are adapted to the earth's atmosphere. Lack of tempera- atmosphericmusttheseture be necessitate idfferentsecured conditions Surviving in space toconditions avoid some is as regulation.means that oxygen, floating weightlessly important as theSince gravity exerts water, and food must in space. performance of the it:. strongest pull The careful training be taken from earth; equipment. within the atmosphere, of the astronaut to cope and the extremes of everything with Concepts1. Space has very do astronauts little or no atmosphere. breathe? Suggested1. Light Groupa candle. importance for breathing as Activities Cover it with a jar. well as burning. Stress After b.a.c. HowWhat How does does the an performancefrom the extreme in space? air-tight suitlack protectof air affectthe temperatures? the astronaut's astronaut 2.3. Put Place hot nozzledater inof a a child'sthermometer.short time, clothing to show check the temperature portableof each hair dryer unit jar and in a thermos. circulation possible with inside a ith 2. Decreasing gravity a.c.b. What HowWhy happensdoesis the astronaut he eat, drink, exercise under weightless produces a less measurable strapped in position? conditions:? and sleep? weight. 4.5. Loop 'rink a stringwater whilearound modelindividualsimulate of an weightlessastronautportable air appearance. standing upright and again the neck ofand a lightwalk very fast toconditioning. cardboard while 3. The children of today mayc.b.a. CouldWhyWhat is you good be healthan training is necessary? astronaut? important? be tomorrow's astronauts. 8.6.7. EatPlace Drink a crackerdry water instant fromwhile a squeeze4tanding toupside mix, down.and then taste. pudding mixsquirt in a gun.plasticlying bag, prone. wEightlessnesstetherVocabulary controlair conditioning panel 10. Try isometric9. Compare exercises a typical while menu sittingat homemenu.stationary inwith a an position. astronaut's Source Materials and Media Suggested Group Activities (continued) Teacher Books: Bendick, Jeanne,New York: FrankYTEwatts,-TR., 1963. The First Book of Space Travel, 11. Plan and construct a enoughavailable. to accommodate a child. simulated space capsule large Use materials Chester,Craig and Michael, G.Bryan,and P. Company,Putnam's 1965. SORCIWY.Science forLet's You, Go NewOn A Space Trip, BookUli. York: New York:Ginn Suggested, 2.1.3. ViewConstruct Listen 8 mm to singlea record,space concept Individual Activities helmet."Let's Play Astronaut". films. Gilruth,Jacobson,NASA Educational Robert WillardAmericanNational Jr.,Briefs, BookGeographic;-"RhuarY9 Company, R. "The Makin- of An Astronaut",Exploring Space)1965. "Foods for Use in Space", 3E57Vol. 127, No. 1. New York: 4.5. 6.Dramatize Tell Draw original imaginary a trip stories intoanimals, space. plants,space. about an imaginary trip into and people that AvailableNAMiTRITheet,NASA Facts, fromTexas. "Manned Niiiiiinpacecraft"Astronaut Space Training",Flight", Center, Available as above. No. Houston,290; Teacher Notes:7. Make "Activated Astronaut".might live on other planets. Wells,"Space Robert,Travel",AvailableCorporation, What Worldbook, asWorld Doesabove. 1964. Where Nothing Falls Without Vol. XVII. An Astronaut Do?, NewChicago: York: A Field EnterprisesPush", No. 77058, Student Books: "World andDodd,Enterprises Space", Mead aticillimpiFTChildcraft, Corporation, Chicago: 111617--1964. Volume III. Field. Greene,HyCdheildireianrg'sarPertei0s7pArInTo Carla, I Want To Be A Space NewPilot, York: Chicago: McGraw- Kumin,Thayer, Maxine,Hill Jane,G. BookWilliam P.Speedy The Putnam's Company, Morrow Incan 7,--T9 Sons, 1964. Pussy, ompany,7960-7l.!vino Upseidells,Went To The, Moon, New York:New York: C::: C.777 L77.2 C___J 7-7 c=n Films:Filmstrips: Reaching Into Space, International Film Bureau. ManGettingHowSpace AnIn AstronautSpace,TripReady to forWalt the Livea Disney,Moon,Space in Space,JamTrip, Encyclopaedia Handy. JamFilmstrip Handy. BritannicaHouse. FlightFlight Around IntoBritannicaFilms,tannica Space,the Inc.,Moon, Films, WaltFilms, (selectWalt Disney, Inc., Inc.,Disney, appropriate (first Encyclopaedia(select Encyclopaedia 30 appropriate framesframes) only) frames) Bri- Student Evaluation Records: FreeExperimental Fall LosIn Angeles.Space,Weightlessness, Film Association Film Association of Los Angeles. of 2.3.1. Is Does the thechild child aware understandrecognize that an theonastronautthattrained environmentimportance man tomust must perform takeofintobe good his thespace? most routine daily functions? MannedLet's MercuryPlay Company.Astronaut, Spaceflight, The ListenHassenfeld and LearnBros., Record Inc. 4. Has the child added aerospacevocabulhehealth, terminologymay pursue? ary?education to his and training in whatever vocation WALUATIOH FOR AEROSPACE SCIENCE ACTIVITIES Mrs.When1. Karenyou have Timmons, completed Did you cover all Lincoln, Nebraska, PSABt material in thisthis unit? section please complete this evaluationDo not sign your name. sheet and send it to 2. IsIf this NO whichmaterial problems suitable for the grade? were covered? YESYES NONO 4.3. DidWas youthe havearea difficultytoo broad? obtaining materials? YESYES NONO 6.5. GoodListAre Groupthe concepts Activities valuable? that you think are: YES NO 7. GoodListPoor Individual Activities that you think are: S. WhatPoor other interesting ideas did you use? Please list. 9. How would you alter the format? * Aerospace Curriculum Development Project, Lincoln Public Schools, IMPORTANT: 720 South 22nd YOUR GRADE LEVEL Street 1111. 2 2 SECOND YEAR AEROSPACE SCIENCETEACHER'S GUIDE PRIMARY Aerospace Curriculum Development Project The Lincoln Public SchoolsDeveloped as a part of Summer, 1966 2 . AEROSPAM future « their future! The following unit of instruction It is our hope that through the study of Yesterday's dream - Today's is but one attempt to focus the eyes of elementary school students on the frostier this limitedthis view material, to an even these more children attractive will lifebe betterTomorrow's prepared life growthlearningforto livetheir of this tochildren.our fly future,great to thecountry. and Today, more people are first astronaut onthat the they,moon and in beyond,turn, will projectinvolved beyond in the aerospaceIt becomes industries increasingly than are important their achievements,each affect the economic and cultural year that our children are true citizens of the in any other industry. Fran the student ThistheAerospace studentpremise Age. learnshelped anyguide particular the persons set of facts, Albert R. Hibbs, a physicist deeply who put this material in unit form.involved in today's space science, has Stated, "It does not matter whetherbut it does matter whether he learns how much fun it is to learn. Facts, concepts, experiments and con- ." thestatements,drivesclusions desire him areto to weimportant,.do explore believean investigation, andthat but draw it hisis alsoown importantIf each teacher who approaches the she will have an enjoyable and profitable period of time in air and spacethen with our thescience children material has done a two-foldconclusions. job.introduction of her aerospace unit will give careful thought to the following that the student become involved in a If he acquires the processes needed to investigate and gains study where his interest in her classroom. 2.1. AGroups teacher or canindividuals best judge will howmaterial towe 07 theirencouraged tensively presented. interests. to eachdevelop group "in or depth" individual those willareas become which involvedlend themselves in the 5.3.4. InEach It the isunit presentationnot will expected be opened thatof the awith useteacherconcepts,limit thethis additional most develop.interest which current are alldevelopment,point statedhappeningsuggested to guideunder ifmaterial thea teacher of afinds unit, a norspecial should field the ofunit interest. children into the development of the unit. in air or space and the teachereach will problem of a.unit, it is as Bernard- Aerospace Nutt, ScienceChairman Committee, Summer, Beverly A. Allen concepts.important to develop the processes of investigation and reaching Phyllis Conway1966 - pgtharine Hoover conclusions as it is to learn the Madelyn Palmer PhyllisGerald AmenAnderson FreaLuella Esser Craig VernWinona Martin Malolepszy . MonicaHelen ShasteenRobbins EleanorJoeline Buller F. Beck MaryDennis R. EvansC. Hansen, . DoloresLaura StaatsPainter JamesTheresa Winney Stetz A SECOND YEAR PRIMARY AEROSPACE PLIGHT THROUGH AIR OVERVIEW UNIT constantlyTheto purposeevery daygrowing of this understanding living. unit is to stimulate andTo flyguide in the air like a lift manof off flight the earth.in air and ite relationship bird has always been the the children in a Through exper dreamfasterInimenting theof than man,study with birds,but of balloons dreamsthe he can cannotand three major problems of this unit - fly where thereaircraft,man is no air. flew. Now he flies higher and Air is a Real Material,understandingsandunderstandcraft is - statedWeatherthe flight children briefly accordingand in How air.will with it to the gain a backgroundtheEach idea concept which that iswillthe under Affectsteacherhelp a major Flight,will problemdevelop Different area Kinds ofinterest Air- and abilities of their groups. them to the Manywithdevelopedsourceteacher activities recent to willby be importanteach useand teacherthe ones and used at all times. media have been suggested.developments in flight. which are applicable to the unit as it hie pupils. It may be helpful to, begin the unit Current publications are a It is expected that the is . Joeline F. DoloresBeck, May Painter, Morley Sheridan Elementary ElementarySchool, Lincoln, School, Nebr. Lincoln, Nebr. FLIGHT THROUGH AIR BackgroundStatement of Air is a real the Problem material. ause. persAl this The force which principlecould live in onlydesigning makes flight about ten minutes. airplanes. possible is atmospheric pressure some days the Air surrounds the air is earth and is called acting upon the Wings of the and in the winter it is often very "atmosphere". airplane.Without this atmosphere Scientists cold. Warm pressuredownair is drafts lighter acting cause on We Airknow has that weight than cool air. airaircraft has temperature, to thedrop. wings asand hold pressure. the Temperature changes Air pressure makes aFlying horsepoweraircraft pulls in the air. affect the flight, of aircraft. soda straw work. the plane out of theseveryWarm, We use compressed air to Updrafts drafts.cause planes to rise and fill tires..Aemospheric Concepts Buggeated,SimiActivities 1. 1. Air takes up every b.a.c. WhereDoes What airis have would happen if space? weight? available spaCe. there was lIc air around you? 1. Get an empty Pushareof water.bubble.it downquickly -of into a Watch the bubbles comebottle. Up, Air, The.bottle Turnwas notit overempty on inits side. deep pan or tank full The bubbles 2. Chages of temperature ared.e. Can Is youair see air? real? affected by heat and 2.3..Use Use a athermos rose bowl. bottle to'thevacuum. beginnimgo.itthen water which was willfull dause Fill it with marbles, then illustrate the value of a of air. bubbles of air. Childrensand, b.a.cold. DoesWhat warmtakes air trig the same place? place when air is weigh 'esti than cool heated and cooled? air occupy Cold air? 4. Put a small cloth in spaceshouldthe glass note upsideas each down and available. itei is addedthe thatbottom there of ais large still glass. push it straight down into Turn 3. Air pressure is all mayc. In not which notice direction doetit it. in all directions?around you warm aireven move? though you 5. Fit a balloon to,.the topwaterThea.pan clothieinto of water:the dry glass. because the air Then pull the glass out .of of a pop bottle. did not let the .Heat the the-witer. b.'c.a. HowHowDoes isdoes air air airpress put pressure into a straw? bicycle tires? help you drink through 6. An electric light happens.expanded.)bottle.few minutes heats the What happens?(Cold air contracts.)Cool the bottle in ice and bulb that has been burning air above it and .(NOcauses air has entered - air has observe what for a the air Vocabulary, cornstarchto rise. into the air a few Sprinkle a tiny amount of talcum powder or inches above the bulb pressurecontractexpandinvisible casesdeflateinflatethermos 8.7; DoPlace the aboiled; card over egg, a milkglassandglass watch upside as ,the down. powdered air What happens? bottle experiment. filled with water. is pushed upward. See The Air Turn the oxygenvacuumnitrogen mercuryatmosphere OthersTheScience Air About Around tia, You, pp. pp. 5-9, About Us,'p. 19. 30-51 20-21 TeacherSource MaterialBooks: and Hyde, Margaret, Flight Media Today, and Tomorrow, -TheTheTScience True Air BookAround For of Children, You,Science pp. pp. 9 New Seeing, pp. 116-123. 2-7,,12, 21Ex eriments, pp..44-45 Mandell,Jacobson,NewNew Yorks York: Mariel,WillardWhittlesey American ScienceJ. et Book Co., 1965 House, 1962 al., The ForAir Children,Around You, TheSuggested How and Indiidual:ActivitiesWhiEOPMEer, pp. 1 -17 shaW air is present. Pinch the Sterling Publishing Co., 1961-' 1. .Blow up balloons to . Chicago:NewPacilio, York: Children's James, Discovering Press, 1965 Aerospace, 2. Illustrate various itemsballoon.useful.(balls, tires, balloons, any It is air that you feel. that need air in order to be inflatable objects.) Student Books: Philadelphia:Dowling,Pine, Tillie Thomas WinstonS. L. et et al., &al., Co., Air All Around, The New ...22,S.sit Werth , 1958 4.3. Hold-a Illustrate:objects piece of thin airpaper canparachute,child push his finger against one etc.) holdin, up.both (leaf, hands. kite, Have another side of the paper. Batman,Experiments,Podendorf,New York: George, WittleseyIlla, Chicago: TheThe HowTrue House, 1960 Children's Press, 1963 and Eh ofBook Weather, of Science 5. Hang two balloons a few You'vepaper.sameThis spot.timepushed The usepaper a ahole. finger from The pressure is equal on both s%ould not tear. Take anotherinches piece apartof paper. and blow between each hand and push at sides of the the New York: Grosset and I Dunlap, 1960 move,groundthethem. lessyou because lessenpressure of this.it has. The balloons move together. By air pressure. The faster Airplanes rise from the causing air to air moves, FlightOthers:6.Science Keep Today an For illustratedand Tomorrow, dictionary pp. Children, pp. 5-18 25-27 of complete unit. Films: Air and What It Does Encyclopedia Britannic*, Student Evaluation: The Air All Ai:36d Us, Y.A. L. Do, the children underetaAd. that: Study Print,: How Air 14122. uus Coronet 24,Eave the,children learned that:c.b.a,. AirAir ishasis uaefull everywhere?weight and peassur0 Air and Weather - 12 prints, e, a.-2he cooling and .heating of air 044-48C4 uheroe Nn n A. Owens Pub. .1c. DersvilIe0 . b..AirNi ellars eau airmove weighs in all less direatiosal thanweather? cold air occupyinq 3. Do the children know: b.a. Air pressurepresses inis alluseful? directions?the came space? FLIGHT THROUGH AIR Statement rf the How do different types Problem of aircraft serve different purposes? MEW:roundthat aviation travels MenOur have daily always lives are wanted to fly.will continue to grow at a rapidbecoming increasingly geared When they were successful they to the use rate.of airplanes as a source did not fly like we thick mf flying, they fllated of travel. Indications are atmosphere,theylike apush cloud. they carry In later years aside. Balloons were used in early They are used in awhen the Wright brothers inventedweather instruments into the air to gather number of ways. air flight, Armiesairthe moving flyinghave usedacross machine them, its Theyfew wingsthey peoplefloat havecauses inwanted been the an airmodtoupward tc caplore weather information. because they Ea% rid% L1-;!mg or to spend force called lift. t?,1:1 the air the moneyPassengerofLift planes tois developnot planes,have enough been cargo todeveloped fly Designers and engineers aircraft. planes and helicoptersthe era plane. An airplane setflies no becauselimitssince on thatthe sizefirst flight -- airplanes There must be a forward movement supplied by some of our most useful planes. of future planes. that can fly longer distances and at higher altitudes. There will be changes in the wings -- perhaps the propellor or engine. Many kinds Conceptsplanes without wings. There will be planes that will land and take off vertically. ftraLted1. Make,flash-carda am showing pictures Activities of parts of planes, 1. There are aircraft lighterd.b.a,c. WhatWhyDa Could you doesare knowa somea balloon uses fly? balloon carry people? of any aircraft lighter of balloons? than air. than air? 2. Children may dramatize a jetdramatichighup on.over toes activities:-head as afrom aspinning-the squatting position propeller, rubber band is snapped. take-off by reaching Otherand pulling making 2. The flow of air over and e.the How airplaneweight does aof possible. a flying machine. dirigible differ under a wing helps support from a balloon? This discovery made 3. Tie a handkerchief into a parachuteparachuteschoolthesmall-plastic window yard,jumps, and to toy or allowobserve makingto it.the how achildren, it floats standing to Teacher may drop it from forced landing. form and tie a the ground. in the a. What makes an airplane 04)(3)(2)(1) What is drag?gravity?lift?thrust? fly? 6,4.5. See See howeffect jet lift propulsion of worked. drag. "Discoveringwork, Aerospace", p. "Discovering Aerosnece", p. " Discovery n Mrc,.4petf4p.34 52 30 b.d. c.How How What do does wingsmakes an andairplanean airplanepropellers turn? go affectupof anda plane? thedown? flight B.7. Construct Make a joy a simplestick and toy rudder airplaneboxes.Aerospace", bar, using p. 67 "Discovering cartons or small 3. Halicopter flights are differenta.propellere. How from does planes.flights the helicopterpilot of land fly?the plane? 9. Make an airplane large'materials: enough.tobottletail, cardboardlidswheels for and wheels.for fuselage. propeller and Have model show main parts: wing, propeller, You.may need these get into. wings, milk Use orange 4. Air transportation for tomorrowa.c.b. isWhatHow changing. istypesare it some different?of flightsuses of arethe beinghelicopter?(VTOL, planned? space stations, X15, supersonic, etc.) 10. Take a field trip to the paintedforcutcrates theapart and orpropeller. forheavynamed. wings cardboard and tail: cartons. The finished airplane could be a pinwheel could be used Cartons can be aircraft'Vocabulary ..aileron 11. Invite a pilot to talk to the childrenObserve types of planes, weather bureau and Padaval Aviation Agency. about aviation. hangars. cargopropellerhelicopterdirigible compartmentcockpitfuselageflaps 3.2.1.Suggested HoldDraw Make a alargemural scrapbookIndividual sheetshowing of ofActivities airplanes. thepaper history by of one edge. flight. It will ruddergravitydragthrustlift navigationverticalsupersonicrotorlanding gearlights 4. Make a simple helicopter. ObjectsRunhangthe with straightforce moving it ofand downairthrough the against aspaper longthe willtheirair be under pushed surfaces. upward. Youas willyou areneed standing a card still. are pushed upward by Sourcefin.elevator Materials and Nadia Wrightparachutejet propulsionbrothers Makecenterpencilfour a five-inch inchesofsix the inches bycard. cutsix long, lengthwiseinches, a ruler two through andthumbtacks, scissors. the Bend each section back a Teacher Books: Highland, Harold, The How and of !light, bladeshelicopterofdirections. fromthe ofpencilthe the intouncut modelwith the end twohelicopterair. of thumbtacks. the card, spin. -in opposite Attach the helicopter to the top Note how the rotor Drop the This Chicago:Pacilio,Hyde,N.Y.: Margaret,WonderChildren'sJames, Book,Discovering-Aerospace, Flight Press, 1961 Todar 1965 and Tomorrow, McGraw Publishing Co., 1962 why possiblespinning a slowcauses descent. an.upward thrust which makes Source Materials and Media, contd.Poole, Lynn & Gray, Balloons Fly High, Transparencies:Source Materials and Media, contd. Student Books: N.Y.:St.Sutherland, Louis:McGraw WebsterPublishingLucille, Publishing Let's Co., Read1961 Co., About 1958 Airplanes,* Teacher Notes: The Story of Flight, #29E, 3M Co., St. Paul, Minn. N.Y.:Adelson,C!Lcago:Chace Wender and Leone, MelmontHaile, Book, AboutPublishing1962 the Pilot Co., of1959 a Plane, Liz pit= At The Aiw, Greene,Phleger,N.Y.:Lewellen,Chicago: CrowellCarla, ChildrenFred,John, T %MilkingAnnWant Can to ny,be An Ilulane Learns to Lliz Co.,795 19f0 Hostess, Films: Airplanes-N.Y.: Beginner Principles Books Inc.,of Flight, 1959 Coronet Films, Chicago 2tujent Evaluation 17160The425AirplaneBilly's ScienceNo. Tulsa Michigan HelicopterTrip St.,of byFlight, GrandeAvenue,Jet, Ride, E. G.Hills, ChicagoB.CoronetC. F.Burns Calif.(3rd Films, Film Edition) Co,,Chicago 1. Do the cAildren know: b.d.c.a. Why TheThatHow a uses aballoonthere dirigible of are balloons?flies? aircraft differs from a balloon? lighter than air? Filmstrips: 2821EAirplane Grand Jets Blvd., and Rockets,Detroit, JamMichigan Handy 2. Do the children understand:b.a. HowThe wingsmeaning and of propellers lift, gravity, affectplanes?in:milatio:tship thrust, the flight and of to the flight of an airplane? drag ManKitty330HowAviation Learns W.weHawk 42nd,Fly, andto McGraw-HillFly,Canaveral,N.Y.,Mr. World,E.B.F., N.Y. Pop.FilmUniv. Wilmette, ScienceLibrary, of Nebr. I11. Pub. Co., N.Y.161; 10036 4.3e Are Do thethe childrenchildren awarehave aof knowledge currentandtypes what ofchangesof aircraft?isthe being differentin aircraftplanned for future flights? Statement of the Weather and how it affects Problem flight. FLIGHT THROUGH AIR casterBackground, if one is Airman should never available. undertake a cross-country flight withoutAlso first necessary studying for a weather the pilot map isand a consultinggeneralized a conceptfore- ofthe physical processes that occur gravityhazard.in the causesatmosphere. the greatest density of air to TheSurface atmosphere wind directionis a mixture determines of gases whose the direction of takeoff and landing while be at the earth's surfacemain components and least aredensity oxygen, at thenitrogen, outer limit.and water vapor. velocity and gustiness determine the The pull of ,Conceptsnext week, or even next month. Meteorologists gather information about the weather They track destructive storms and tell people when to expect floods. conditions, and predict what the weather will be tomorrow, Suggested Group Activities 1. Weather affects the flight c.b.a.of WhyWhatplanes. does causeskinds weather ofchanges weather affect of do weather?flying? we experience? 2.1. Observe Disouss wind today's direction weather by movementandwatchingoninfluences howtrees, it ofmovement affectsholdingflags, our daily ofclouds,anda handkerchiefleaves lives. smoke from high, chimneys, watching etc. the 2. The weather bureau helps theb.a. pilot.What What information is the weather does bureauthe pilotweather and receivewhat bureau? is from the its work? 4.3. Discuss highwhy aand pilot low wouldpressures Weather.bycheckationbefore with weatherof he high children.Wallergoes conditionsand into and low theFunk, pressures. plane. a good simple explan- See. Vocabulary3. Weather can help the pilot..b. a.Why What do pilots kind oftake day off is intobest thefor wind?flying? 6.7.5. Familiarize Discuss thevarious children types weather of with weather instrumentsthemanclouds.. fourthatuses. majorcould (Cumulus,that typesbe the dangerous weatherstratus,of cirrus, and nimbus.) (Thermometer, barometer, rain guess, etc.) predictstormsatmosphereforecaster lightningthundersleetfog hazeprecipitationnimbusstratus weatherweathervisibilityceiling vane bureau 9.8. VisitDiscuss the.weather types of informationbureau,.makes if available for.flying.. possible.the weather to pilots. (Hurricanes,bureau tornadoes, fog, etc.) Vocabulary, cont. Suggested Individual Activities hailtornadofloods cirruscloudscumulus barometerrainthermometer guess 2.1. LearnAsk children to read whothe havethermometer. flownconditions toyour describe windows during their flight. Record temperature daily. Hang one lutside weather TeacherSource MaterialBooks: and Media Barnard, et al, Science Life, N.Y,: MacMillan & Co., 1962 4.3. Make Keep collages a simple of daily aviation weather andvariousto designate materials kinds such of as miniature weather. chart. weather - using planes.Use symbols N.Y.:Bonsall,Phil.:Dowling, Wonder WinstonGeorge, Thomas Books, & The L.,Co., 1960 Howet 1958 al, The New 12.21 of Weather, .Seeinit ay, 5. Make a weather vane, thatthroughstraw(String, it withacan spool.cotton, turna spot freely. paper,of straw, etc.) Set a soda straw on the pin soglue. Put a long pin or nail up Put a paper arrow on the Morristown,Mallineon,N.Y.:Hyde, McGrawMargaret, atN.J.: al,Publishing FlightSilverScience TodaiBurdett, Co.,2, 1962and Tomorrow, 1962 and Now, 7.6. HaveCollect children news itemsmake useabout of weather.thenewsthe bulletinViewmaster. board of "Weather in the News". tilmetrips by using Make a collective WeatherLaidlowSmith,Boston,Schneider, Pamphlet,et ScienceMass., al, Herman Science D. Series,Chicago, C.and Heath2,Nina, 1965River World & ScienceCo., Forest, Book 1955 for Here Encyclopedia,1960 8.Source Culminating Material activity and Media, - group Cont.weatherThe World and itsBook elements.. Encyclopedia,, See p. characterization ofWeather Pamphlet,12. Student Books: Dowling,Schneider,Phil.: WinstonThomas Herman L.& Co.,etand al, Nina,1958 The ScienceNew Seeing For Here and Now, Transparencies: 3MClouds-Earth, Co., St. Paul, Science Minn. & Weather, #273, Films: HowBoston, Weather Mass.: Helps D. Us,C. HeathCoronet & Co., 1955 1. HaveStudent, the children Evaluation: gained inb.a. HowThe weathercauses of weather change? affects the flights .of planes? understanding of: WaterTornado,HollywoodThe Cloudsin the Norwood 28, Above,Air, California E.B.F.,Films, Bailey, 926Wilmette, 6509 New DeJersey LongpreIll. Ave., Ave., N.W. Wash. D.C. 2. Do the children understand:a.c. HowThe thevarious weather kinds of bureau helps the pilot? weather? . Filmstrips: FirstPrimarySeasons, Experiments Science Weather, Series-Weather,with McGraw Air, Hill,5 fs, E.B.F.,330Jam W.Handy, 42nd, Wilmette, Detroit, N.Y. Ill. Mich. b.c. That The thetheory pilot of should checkbureau before a flight? taking off into the wind? with the weather Mrs.When Karenyou have Timmons, completed Lincoln, Nebraska, PSAB.* Do not this sectionEVALUATION please FOR complete AEROSPACE SCIENCE ACTIVITIES this evaluationsign yoursheet mule. and send it to 1. DidIf youNO whichcover problemsall material were covered? in this unit? YES NONO 2.3. WasIs thethis area material too difficulty obtaining broad?suitable for the grade? materials? YES 4.5. Did you have Are the concepts valuable? YESYES NO .0=11110 6. GoodList Group Activities that you think are: 6111=1111.11 7. PoorGoodList Individual Activities that you think are: 8. WhatPoor other interesting ideas did you use? Please list. AbrIMMI111111111... a 9. How would you alter the format? ....1111111011 .01. * Aerospace Curriculum Development Project, Lincoln Public Schools,* 17"47.0TAITT.': 720 South 22113 St. wow amomommoomrra YO"P :ma %% ''1 : VIMININI 3 THIRD YEAR AEROSPACEPRIMARY TEACHER'SSCIENCE GUIDE Aerospace Curriculum Development Project The Lincoln Public SchoolsDeveloped as a part of Summer, 1966 3 The following unit of instruction is but one attempt Yesterday's dream - Today's frontier - AEROSPACI to focus the eyes of elementary Tomorrow's life these children will be better prepared school students on the toforfuture live their this children. future, their future! and that they, in turn, are involved...AnIt is our hope that through the aerospace industries than are will project beyond this , the study of this material, limited view to an even more attractivein any other industry. From the student life Aerospacegrowthlearning of toAge.our fly great to country.., Today,Albert more B. gibbet people a physicist the first astronaut:on It 'becomes increasingly deeplr.involvect in todayt's of feats, but its.diders the moon and beyond, important each year that our matter *Whetherspece''sdiende, be hastheir stated, achievements affect the economic learni how much fun it is. to learn. children are true citizens of the "It does not matter whether and cultural thedriveielusionsThis student pramise,helped, him .lipaalisare to explorer. anyipartileular guideand,.. drawthe.persons.wha,put his, set important,.'but it is also important* oynr,conclusions. this.materiel in Unit! Toren.that -the-,Student.beettne It he aeguires-the probeases involved in a atUdyFacts,WoncePts where his interest *ded. to investigate ' experiments, sinck-cop-' gains. theijl.statements desire her. to. ve:belleve:.that do an investigation If each teacher who approaehesothe-, introduction.! them, our science-material has of hiraerospeice Unit done a- two4o1d job.' r; will give csiefuil'thOUght'toc:the_of following time" , and ti!paCe-.1fith the children u - ; sheiwilL:have an' enjoyable:. I.: and piOfitible Period . air' extensively each T or individual p,1=! will became involved in the. cla;aroin, group * judge how 1.4 k 1, Ateacher can best Rreneated. * r_ 2, Group*, - ; ' i " 1 tomaterial their interests, :: or individuals will with -the Most leurrent.thappening'inbe 'encoltrasgedLtO..'deVeltif "in'.depth"Ahdie'*akeais rauti. Or...0Piiae and the teacher. willhigh -lend themselves . r 4.3. EachIt is unitnot will be openeduselimit this additional development if a teacher interest pointexpected to guide the children,into' that a .teacher develop all finds a special field of interest. suggested'mateibialof a unit; nor the develoPient of the-u4it, should the , Unit :which arc "stated' under 1 ' Oitai piobleri'of unlit; ,{it is 5. In the presentation, -of theriatecepts,important :to develop the larocessesl,of Ansraetigation ; :and. reaching conc-10Sione ".: -I.! ; to learn the 5 r 1; coneePt, s, rz: z T:t , I Berne fa- f-luttry .4rospace Science tioengittee4Phyllis Summertpl966, AkanBeverly Al Allem r Phyllit#OnweCr"Luella Craig t :: VernWinonalatharineillooVer Martin Malolepszy '1" .; c: MonicaHelenMadelyn Robbins Shasteen Palmer -I j GeraldEleanorJoeline Anderson F.Buller Beck MaryFredDennis; EsserR. EvansC: boloregi'Laura Staats Painter t JamesTheresa Winney Stetz AIRCRAFT, SPACECRAFT, AND THE EFFECT OF WEATHER 73,f , _ ::, . ,..: _ ,:,. , -,A,Thitd,-, Year-,- Primary Aercespice tile .' 1 --,;,- .. ii-1...... :-% - ' ....., - ,-,.7 ',. - 1- : . 7. ' ' OVERVIEW * .* 1; .., -;',,: :.:, , ;'...,', '. : 7 ' ' Thefatfura");7-$anyiteoplecaqnot.Alftraraan.toff, interveninglrears from thectonrldered Kitty earth.Man'41.r.dream Hawk mants-firskattempts to nf flight, athis desire to We need men of vision who are reach rtta:Atirs, is as old pia :. - flight as foolish, but his determination led willing to face repeated experimentation and nkilid' itself. But desires and 'dreams 'eione to final success.s - , possible t Jejkli.r. supersonic flight cover less time than..an,average life_ expectancy.. . . 1 _ . Flight has progressed from the ;unusual to .: the:.comersonplaco, -frOw'tottasioiiikl flietts to a, network-. 4' ...... itivelytwentyall directiona.. small, flights planes, per -from lapiriu.. ."f1111'.. the theGeneral -atmosphers, aviation below accioptsi tive"- forthousand: rApprozimately .pasture leidins strip to tonefete .., .; :. seventplive..percetit. of-- ' 'the' flights being_ Made today. ..,--"r;r. runways' it EtitiOrts 'Callable,----'.-; of -' : .-: :. ... . otelcyWaya,'Itid.,.11hg triis-crossing in .one hundred and Thole compar- of flight, Many eatellioat,have been rocketed into - CommerAtal encl.adlitary .aircraft -generally travel -et.higheeiltitudeir:I. space. As they orbit the earth feet;41thiittling back and- forth on some send back space criseircrossing' lanes ''. . photograph :tNt',..11.aitb 001 iPly-cf.oud4 ' informstiop, some weather conditpiee. Hun has 'rocketed -iii,to ; - apace in the .,Mercury and Gemini programs. ;!:..., cover,. and!',-,.:-., some.;relar weeeigell-)fttolir'ontiliiiit'ttionntc.'::-...: ; cz-..1....-.;:'.. r-.,.Tc...T1 .' ;1. . .. .1*!- These1..r flights, : ,:f. ' .1 !t,-.-".'..:...-. as well iks.airflights, depend upon ._ 4 .. :,.,...... 4: : whichthe,weatfier; a teacher .:IP..-11,-..,aot T!?ial unirt.w.,,-,4,signed to give children some knowledge of raY proceed, -delettog:or,Adding material to .3fLt".the7 unit ió _to .be.. considered- att-inclusivelier restrietive4-- aircraft, spacecraft, and how flights tt'.i, rather,- to bá used as a gid_tms.. are _affectedrby4. 1 partitcularthe*.tilati0/40- _grow. -,:-,Chi.ldren....of..todsy 'are :-as 'thrilledfuHtillStjedJund,esr ..by"the ,- thought each::problemsemite4expected of 'flight as' Were te eome`.4tetutilly tidal* , the:iinte4sts and baekgraind'af's the Children, -.J1, - 'T 6 e dreamers of ,old,... . oTherefore comiiiinicatAnganLame*. Orderly aeiningtut,-4wd ;Way 9f log Science is ,1,eerned and:measuring* ,...The. use lof' these ,prOcessee,heliitOinking awicand thiiii.beeciliiiittiral Tdoing,' 7 'Sciene4Yhdtielier.4through dte alio. inveitip,ating,Andivaperbiontinge'.:: 'OtherlAsting are: .-obieriking, ..clastlfying, 7.1.kifeet:ing,- drawing conclusions, to 'hit- enjoyed.'frOcesiee'llii4 :-:-.' are valuable in tcYL:the. chi'ld4*. providing him with evaluating, Making sager .. . -- ' ' - : r;:-. . c.: , ;- 1-.2441;14,60_,:,,_,Fleanor4:243.1047, _ShaSteftilw St. West Tereie-eEpsne,nary lainco1a...EeMentary SchooliZincoln, !NebreekeMai 7 Evalsks -Randolph Elementary Sdhool, - -School, Lincoln, Nebraska::: r Lincoln, Nebraska- - - Theresa Stetz, Huntington Elementary School, Lincoln, Nebraska . ;: . s c. : ' C= EL = t= =1 E:= ,' 1 =1 Statement of the Problem = = = MIN AIRCRAFT, SPACECRAFT, AND THE EFFECT OF WEATHER = = Background, Man is solving the problems of air travel. differentall can beways. used for cargo, passengers,Man'sForSince flightsuccessful people recreationthrough require flight air anddifferent hasman experimentation. changedhas learnedtypes from of toa aircraft dreamovercome to to reality.drag fulfill and gravity The style of the craft depends upon its usage. their needs, airplanesSome are styles designed are togliders, be used propeller in craft, and jets,by giving an airplane lift and thrust. He ,Concepts,has also learned to control yaw,Who pitch, can foreseeand roll the to newproduce problems stable that flight. will arise as speed and distance of flight increases? SuggestedlGram Activities 1. An airplane in.flight is constantlyb.a.forces: What gravity,forcecauses subjected overcomes weight? drag, to fourfriction, weight? and thrust. 2.'-Discuss1. Collect picturesthe 'sources of various of movementfor typesand a planusedbooklet of airplanesanby exhibitairplanesor bulletin of available board. models:' 2. An aircraft in motion will continued.c. WhyWhat are isin varyingthrust?the same degrees of thrust necessary? upon by some force. :5. Littenvto4. 3. re:Source'Fold Use .apaper balloon people to'mskeia'sailplane `ropulsion.toon showtheir the uses principlesprinciple of to planes observe ofof gliderjet the flight. d..b..a.directionc. What WhatWhat is iscauses is until pitch? yaw?roll? aacted plane to have these motions? 6. Iliakeoerchart showing the parts,outfuretions.(crop theof spraying,aparts plane. that businesi, are used fun, in controletc.)_ and their Point 3. The intendeitese of 6.a.and How Howstyle. are does the a abovecrop sprayermotions useAlscontrolled? plane? an aircraft determines it size 7.: Visit an airport or'_operate s- flightWateb theand service elevators.controlsa pilot station. flight-Checkof the rudder, 'a aileronsplane and/or d.c.b. WhitHowRow doiskind commerciala helicopterof plane airlineis different used. planes airplane?by from differ? an a business man? 2.1.Suggested AssembleIncemiew Individual an(in airplane person ktivitiet or=del. by letter)airplane one in hiswho workuses oran fbr recreation. Concepts, cont. e. Row can en airplane land on water? 3.Suggested How to demonstrateIndividual Activities,,nose level, cont. six inches from_your mouth, so itlift: flaps Hold a sheet of paper at h.g.f. HowWhat How do arewouldbe sailplanes:used? the jet? propeller craft .differ from advantage of a super-sonic jets? . 4. Encourage the children towillpressute.'-'forward.'Blow rise because over air the moving top ofover the paper. observe birds taking off, the curve has less The paper k.j.i. How Can.aWhat has other jetthe engine airplaneuses arebe space? usedthere for forflight enlargedplanes? in our communityof the world? 5. Take two pieces makingoneflying, piece. sure gliding, flat piece. and is Stand on chair and drop both of.parier of the same size. landing. held parallel to floor. pieces, Crumple Vocabulary 1. Which planes are we andsay decreased military, the size commercial, general aviation? talking about when we 6.)Debonetrite drag by runningFlatboard,'holdinglarger piece Surfaces'provide'greaterfloats itdown flat more against the thebreeze. experiment Notice but hold the withslowly, a piece showing of card- that air support. airpocketaileronairstrip, .dragcontrolscockpit pontoonpitchpressurized cabin 7. Build a balsa :bumairplanecardboardthe resistance.-Rea ders,wingsedge-wise. 1963,&re-tapered Repeat pp. glider.-Reader's Digest, Treasury for (Since air offers resistance,68-69)' and thin.) airamphibianairway stream .flap glidefuselage rollradiorudder beam . 9.8. Make atransparencies parachute of paperfrom orslows-the descent of an object colored pictures (planes, cloth. fastened to it. Show how it biplaneaviationceilingSource Materials and Media hangarliftinstrument flying yawturbojetsupersonic Teacher Notes: parts of planes etc.) Teacher Books: J.American B. Lippincott Heritage Co.-,History, 1961 of ;Flight, N.!.: Wings,,TheLoosbrook,Ploherty,NASA, Wild FactN.Y.: Blue, JohnJohn,Sheets J. N.Y.: .J. B.and Lippincottand G.Skinner, McGrady,P. Putnam's RichardCo., Mike, 1961Sons, taused., 1961. NWidiatelleed Mew dia Continued Student Books: Anderson, A. m., and Johnson,and Row, R. 1960 E., Pilot Jack Filmstrips: KittyHow GravityHawk to Works,Canaveral, color, 35 Popular Science fr., NASA Knight:,MorrowChicago:Greene,Coombs,%Charles, Company,N.Y.: Carla, Harper I AerospaceWant Childie77-Press, 1960-(easy). 1964-(Adv.) To Be An Airplane Hostess, Pilot, N.Y.: William Transparencies: Man InLearns Flight, To Fly,Walt WaltDisney Disney Mghland,RichardBookJacobsen, Co., D.Harold Willard1965 Joseph, F., The Air Around You, GrossetN.Y.: and Dunlap, Lauby, Cecilia J., Kinicek, How and Why Book of 1961' American Pictures of Historic Planes:The Story of Flight, 3 M, Number 29 lewellen,May,'ThomasFremont, Julian,Y. John; -CrowellNO.: Shay Tommy Co.,Me Learnsthe to PenningtonPress, 1959 1956 World of Modern Airplanes, lax, N.Y.: 16 pictures, Free from P.O.O'HareSchoolUnitedChicago, Box andAirInternational 8800, CollegeLines, Service, Airport, Association,Reader'sandNorling,Pleasantville, Winston, Jo,Digest, 1961-(easy),Pogo's1963, N.Y.:Treasury pp.Jet 38-43Ride, for inc. Youn The Reader N.Y.: Rinehart Digest Readers, Records: Illinois, 60666 YoungAllynThurberChicago: Bacon,Peoples and 'Chilften Durkee,1964, Science (Book aMlplorigg Press. ImFABILia,Tour, p. Science, Boston: 209). Vol. 1, 'Student Evaluation:'no Wright Brothers -the'student understand how-man is overcoming the Billy's Helicopter Ride, Coronet 2.'DOes1. Does the 'student',forces oftare flight?nature used toencountered control' its Veirieius understand which parts of when flying an aircraft? lotions' while in 'anairplane 3.2.ShellHow1. Thrust Drag AnLift Oil Airplane Co. Flies, Series of 6 Films 4.6,5. Flight ControlsStability 3. Does he have a working types of aircraft and their uses? knowledge of the various AND THE EFFECT OF WEATHER Statement of the Problem AIRCRAFT, SPACECRAFT, travel. Background Man is meeting of .years theman challengehas of space narveled.at and speculated about the stars and planets in the experiencing closer contact heavens. Today he withrecognizes, the planets. the heavens as ForThrust thousands is the measurement This became a pull., outer space and, of a rocket's power. possibility with the in addition to A large development of rocket power.marveling and spacecraftrequiresva great amount speculating, man is of thrust to overcome The launch vehicle earth'sremotethat willgravitational control. send man to Rockets'areOnce in -space, propelled control and guidance the moon, will'require a by solid or liquid of the craft are fuels; the type complicated knows?three stageMan may one of prime importance. of rocket determines day visit galaxies rocket. This is accomplishedEach stage will givewhich is used. other than his owe. by both manualadditional and thrust. Concepts1. The amount of thrust The rocket has merely needed foropened a launch the door4.-vehicle Whoto Suggested1. Use a Group straight-sided jar over Activities fire needs oxygen to the top of a burning burn. a.ofsend theWhy e payloadspacecraft.do the into aps.k,:e Gemini and Apollo launch vehicles of the require different sized is related to the MOrcUry, weight 2.3. Write DiscUss a, playletthe candleare(Fuel in torequires a showapace that oxygen to similarity in the capsule.pretending you are on burn.) shape of rockets and the moon or b.d.c. What WhyWay isanddo a howrocket are rockets?aircraft? spacecraft require more several rocketstage? stages thrUst than used? 4. To demonstrate howorbit, this(The helps swingstring then' a representsball move on a the forces that gravity.) throughstring thein aatmosphere. circular keep a satellite in spaceship. motion. 2. Power to launch spacecraftkindsa. Which of fuel. of the launch vehicles used is provided by solid fuel?. several 5.S.6. 7.Draw WriteHave Make imaginary a original achild class on to a fainter booklet on tune.``currentviewslyrics as seenaboutroller-skates from space a or throw ball. spice activities. the astronauts (action, b.d.c. How WhatWhy does iscan asolid youliquid sayfuel about provideLiquidafter fuel?a spacecraft is in fuel rocket more the thrust needed orbit? its thrust? complicated? 9.-Demonstrate that some byreaction).The laying top sidea large will becircle barely of warm.asbestos over a materials protect us frOm heathot plate. Suggested, Individual Activities Concepts, cont. e. What travel? doother you fuels think is in might be the future used for forfuture space 1. Report on Unitedfuelthat used,have States beenthe different used asand totypes the payload. Launch Vehicles). size, number of (Refer ofto launchNASA Facts- of spacecraft vehicles stages, f.g. What Can . space jet engines ships? be used both manual for space and remote travel? 2. 4.3.Read MakeImagine you names. modelsreference of booksvarious as were living on the moon rockets...(Balsa,to the origin paper ten years croft).from 3. Spacecraft b.a.control. WhatHaw in apace do is remote computers,helpdepend uponspaceflight? control and howis it usedtravel? 5. Bring a toy doing,now.demonstrate and how Describe your what you wouldoperated by remote it maneuvers. home, the kind of do for fun. control and work you're dates, and d.c.Howe. How Why doesare controlled? did the roll, pitchmanual control Gemini capsule and yaw of a re-entereddiffer? the turn its spaceship broad 6. 7.Bake Make a a thespace number poems. timecollection line, of space of orbits of recording the names, manned space poemswhich or the spacecraft write originalflights. f. What is earth'sendre-entry? to theatmosphere? ablation and drogua chute?front as it bow does it help 8. Demonstrate aencounters withoutchild'slarge clothing.it? as sheet of cardboard the resistance it re-enters Is it easier to run theto atmosphere.the front of the with or Pin h.g. i.What What are uses Whatofflight? isspacecraft a some other than safety measures travel are used in space being made 9. Place a withandthe the surfaceobserve glass on marble or small of thea table. motion of its side, move ball inside Stopa the glassthe marble. it swiftly (Inertia) glass and,What forcesuddenly along Vocabularyablation guided missile NASAnosecone 10. Make a movesWhyof does air and marble on afterdiorama of a softmarble slow and stop table). the moon's glass stops? lunar landing later? environment, A (Friction (the boosterastronautcarriercapsule rocket rocket -heathatch launchshieldlaunch vehicle oxygen) padorbitpropellentpayload 11.13.12. Use MakeDraw film pictures Surveyor)spaceman including transparencies of andstrips his nooncraftto help of or construct a exceptionalsolve colored individual might also be model of a space questions.used. pictures. contourcosmicgantrydroguecount-down rays couchchute manualmulti-stagelox(liquidinterstellarinterplanetary control rocket flight flight weightlessnessremotetrackingsatellites control 14. Construct a childrenstation ofto thesit Gemini capsule future. in. large enough for two SourceTeacher Materials Books: and Media Teacher Notes: aweBrownTeachers'Dewey,Costa, Pioneer, and AnneArthur publishiiiir-CF6rporation,Co., Torontc.Boston:Perkin, 1962.L., ago., Robert Darien, Goddard, Conn.: Little, 1964. Kouicek,LeiJtvlobLen, Richard Willard D., ExploringJ., Lauby, Li321.21; Cecilia J., in Space; Rockets, New York: WeNewShippen,American Seven York: lEthe KatherineBook Astronauts B., A BridleThemselves, For Pekasus, TheSimon 'liking and Shuster,Preis, 1962., 1965. 61 Pamphlets: MannedEducationalNASA Materiels Spacecraft Programs Center and Services Office 0. available from: Mediaastroneuts.Life (continued)Magazine also carries .excellent articles on the Houston, Texas Student Books: . 3.2.4.1. NASAE5 MannedAmerica Giant Astronauts apaceStepsin Space Flightto the ..Moon Project Apollo, Space,New'York:Bendick,Dewey,Crosby, New AnneJeanne,Alexander York: Perkin, The L. Robert Firstand BookGoddard, of Spam Travel, Franklr,"Vatts 171 Random House, 1959. Larrick, Nancy, Rockets Intoamapjoneer, Plcojects Mercury and Gemini Jacobsen,Toronto - Boston: Willard J., Lauby, Cecilia J., Little, Brown and Co.,,1962. Konicek, , Publication.OrderDepartmentNationalavai..Natir .,ie Geographic from: Society Geographic Magazine Articles Knight,Missiles,NewRichard York: Clayton, D., New Exploring York: How and lasej ME Wonder Living Book in of§m Rockets America Book, CCompany, Grosset & Dunlap, 9657 19;1 Abelard Schuman, Rockets, nketi, and Washington,1. "Flight D.of C.the Freedom 7" andSeptember,Pilot's "The Story: 1961. A a036Personal Report", Priestly,HiAboutTannenbaum,1961. Rockets Lee, Harold Rocketand How E. Mouse, zts!and Stillman, Work,New York: New Nathan,York: We Read k Co., 19667 McGraw - Films: GeminiManned VIII,Space (NASA)Flight, (NASA) Do1.Student the That children theEvaluation launch understand: vehicles require different amounts Filmstrips: HowJohn Space Glenn Science Story, Helps(NASA) Us, (NASA) 4.3.2.5. HowWhyThat The oxygenseveral variousdifferences is rocket obtainedfuels between-remote stagesmay in be -space?. areofused thrust?used? byand space manual vehicles control? Records: Space Flight,Rockets, Part (Jam II,I, Handy), PhysicalHuman (NASA),Problems, Problems, (NASA) (NASA) 6.8.7. Why TheThat a purpose satellitespace explorationisof remainsvarious inspace onlyorbit? shots? in its infancy? dace Songs. #0312, NASCO.Scisnce Materials Wisconsin,FortP.O. Atkinson, Box 560,53538 t.. Viewmaster: ManMoonAmerica's onRockets the MoonMan and in Guided. Space Missiles WEATHER Statement of the Problem Weather and its forecasting affect AIRCRAFT, SPACECRAFT AND THE EFFECTair and OF space travel. controlBackgroundlearned weather to forecast have metweather with withvery alittle success,Weather is one of the first things a man reasonable degree of accuracy. must consider when he plans an air or space but by extended observations and study flight.of its movements man has His attempts to ureina general largeareas; circular westin a tocounter-clockwise patternseast caused by the Weather is caused by changes in temperature, direction. direction Windsaround blow low frompressure areas areas. of high air pressure to areas rotation of the earth. air pressure, and humidity. Winds move in a clockwise direction around high press- In the Central Plains weather moves in of low air pressure. This information is relayed They blow photographsandto centralforecasts. ofweather the earth's bureaus cloud where cover. it is Weatherwise,Weather observations the future are looks made bright.at many weather The work done by weather bureaus helps make compiled and made availableWeather satellitesto the general now being plannedWeather holdsatellites great (such as the Tiros) are stations throughout the United States. air and space flight safe as well as public in the form of weather maps constantly sending backpromise for more accurate possible. weatherConcepts forecasting in the future. 2E222. Activities recording I. Air moves from high to lowb. a.circularpressure What What causes do pattern.areas we themean in circular aby large air pressure,motionfrom of highs winds to blowing lows? highs, lows? 2.1. CollectKeep a weathermagazine calendar, pictures'Identify observingweatherclearlyat samethe concepts cloudshowing timeand daily.type.' being studied. Make observations clouds. d.c.e. WhatIn Which which do instrumentswinds direction from eachdoesare usedofweather meanthe toinformation? four togivein your your mainus area, areadirections weatherwise? weather move? 4.3. Note Make that a water warm cycleair rises. chart. tops,from chimneys,and heat wavesvapors from from furnace roof vents vents. Observe smoke rising and roof f. How does a barometer help weatherus know towhat expect? kind of 5. Blow air into two paper bags.stick.loop. Hang the Balancebags one on inch the fromback eachof a endchair. of Tie loosely leaving a Mark the a yard- 2. Certain clouds are the forerunnersweatherc.b.e. WhatWhich What conditions. is ofareare anparticular thetheupdraft? fairfour weathermain types clouds? of clouds? Storm clouds? positionheat.pointrefrigerator; of onbalance yardstick. place on the onebag yardstick. in the Several hours later hang bags in original Using the same point of sun (or oven)Place to one bag in e.d. HowWhy doesere somethe temperaturehailstones veryofwinterbodies the large? airand of oversummer?land largeor water affect air movement in How does it affect flight? 6. ShOw condensation of wateragain.coldbalance,lets glass evaporate observe (dewpoint). intothat thecold air air and is becomeheavier. As the glass warms, the drop-vapor on the outside of a water vapor 3. Weather can be forecast anda. cantherefore How be does scheduled. flightsa pilot check the weathera flight? before Individual7. Take a fieldActivities. trip to a weatherweather bureau data is received and distributed. to observe how c.b. What areeffect the doescommon weather symbols have snowfor ingupon rain, etc.,a apacelaunch- hail,as ship?used on weather maps? en airship? 2.1. take Construct a simple a weatherhygrometer. vane.ofThinking white Aheadblotting in Science).paper in a solution containing Immerse(Jacobsen, a four Lauby, inch Konicek;circle two f.e.d. HowWhat are are satellitesballoons isobars usedand used whatat by the doBureau?thestations weatherthey U. S.tell toWeather us?collect weather information? contentpartsisit nearlow cobalt is thea high,window. circlechloride circle will to will beone light bepart pink. blue;common when salt. moisture When moisture content of the air Hang h.g. How can wea pilotprotect protect ourselves himselfweatherdangers from against theelements? of turbulent the weather? 4. 3.Make Construct a wind sock. an anemometer.windedia,Vol. (Dim direction. 1, Vol.People's 1964.) 19, 1964)Snevc1oPedia, You Use outdoors to check on daily Peoples Science Encyclop- airVocabularianemometer pressure forecast rain guage 6.5.7. MakeConstruct Make a achart thermometer. a rainof cloud page. typesfitted using with one-hole stopper containing Put colored water in bottle cotton on blue paper. a piece of cirrusbarometercumuluscontract hurricanehighlowisobarsforerunners tornadothermometertemperaturesymbolsstratus S. Make a barometer. a oneglassone-holein shortthe tubing. tube? stopper.side. How do temperature changesPut the affectshort sidewater ofProcure the tube a U-shapedinto glassFit the tube stopper with firmly in.& Vocabulary, contd. Individual Activities, contd. expandevaporation precipitationnimbus windwaterweather sockcycle vane Media, Cont. bottleNote levelhalf filledof water with in watertube asand air hang pressure upside down. vasies. TeacherSource MaterialBooks: and Media Childcraft,Chicago: Field World Enterprises mid Space, Va. Educational III, Films: TirosAThe Storm Flight II CalledExperimental Decision, Maria, FAAWeatherWalt Disney Satellite, NASA NASA,Corporation,Chicago:Young Fact People's Sheets 1964 Science Childr7771-Wass Inc., 1962 Tiros, Nimbus Encyclopedia, Vol. 19 Filmstrips: WhatWeatherEye Makes Gate Changes, Clouds,Filmstrips) (FundamentalsEncyclopeadia of Science, Britannica Student Books: Campbell,ofBonsall, Weather, George,Ethel, N.Y.: TheHow Wind, and azWonderNature's Great Wonder Books, 1965-1-mm Book Voice, Transparencies: FundamentalEarth Science Elements Weather, of Weather, 3M Company (Eye Gate) McGrath,Gallant,Minneapolis:Goudey,N.Y.: Garden Thomas,Roy,Alice, T. ExploringCity S.TheClouds, DenisonBooks, Good the Los Rain,1957 & Weather,Angeles:Co., Na.: Inc., Aladdin Boot-s,1950Garden City, 1959 StudyStudent Prints: EvaluationAir and Weather, F. A. Owen Publishers Meyer,MalmountLothrop,StorySandman, Jerome, Publishersof Lee Howard,Weather, Pictureand ShepardInc., N.Y.: Book 1950 Co.Sterlingof Weather,Inc., 1958 Who's Afraid f Thunder? The Publishing N.Y.: Do 1.the The children significance understand: of highswinds and fair or stormy weather? and lows in reference to Waller,andCompany Winston Leslie, Inc., Inc., 1953Weather, 1959 N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart 2. 3.Which The instrumentsfour main types are usedof clouds to forecasting?conditions?measure and their value for weather flight? num People's Science Encyclopedia, Vol. 19 4. 6.5.Why7. The Nowand relationsignificant weatherhow a pilot ofsatellites weathersymbols checks towill andthe spacecraft? of a weather map? the weather affectbefore futurea forecasting? safety of aircraft When you have completed this sectionEVALUATION please FOR complete AEROSPACE SCIENCE this evaluation sheet and send it to ACTIVITIES Mrs.1. Karen Timmons, DidIf you NO coverwhich allproblems were Lincoln, Nebraska, PSAB.*material Do innot this unit? covered? YES sign your name. NO 2.3. WasIc thethis area material too broad?suitable for the grade? YES NONO 4. Did you have difficulty obtaining materials? YESYES NO 6.5. AreListGood the Group concepts Activities valuable? that you think are: 7, PoorGoodList Individual Activities that you think are: 8. WhatPoor other interesting ideas did you use? Please list. 1111111111.1111111.111M, 9. *How Aerospace would you Curriculum alter the Development format? Project, Linc oln Public Schools, 720 South * IMPORTANT: YOUR GRADE 1:!: 2214d Sc. 4 4 AEROSPACE TEACHER'SSCIENCE GUIDE FOURTH GRADE Aerospace Curriculum Development The Lincoln Public Developed as a part of Summer, 1966 Schools Project 4 AEROSPACJ Tomorrow's life tofuture live -- this their future, future! and that The following unit of instruction It is our hope that through they, in Yesterday'sturn, will projectdream . beyondToday's frontier - is but one attempt to focus the eyes of the study of this material, these children will be better prepared this limited view to an even more attractive life elementary school students on the Aerospacegrowthlearningfor their of tochildren.Age.our fly great to thecountry. first astronaut on Today, more people are involved It becomes increasingly important in the aerospace industries than are in any the moon and beyond, their achievements affect the economic and cultural each year that our children are true citizens of the other industry. From the student the student learns any particular set of Albert R. Hibbs, a physicist deeply involved facts, but it does matter whether he learns how much fun it is to learn. in today's space science, has stated, "It does not matter whether . ." thedrivesclusionsThis desire premise him areto to do important,helpedexplore an investigation, guide and but drawthe it personshisis then alsoown whoconclusions.importantour put If each teacher who approaches the introduction science material hasthis done material a two -fold in unitjob. form. that the student become involved in a studyIfof wherehe her acquires aerospacehis interest the unitprocesses will giveneeded careful to investigate thought to andthe gainsfollowing Facts, concepts, experiments and con- instatements, her classroom. we believe that she will have an 2.1. Groups A teacher or individuals can best judge will materialhowbe encouragedextensively presented. to each develop group or enjoyable and profitable period of time in air and space with the children "in depth" those areas which lendindividual themselves will become involved in the 4.3. ItEach is unitnot expectedwill be openedthat a withteacherusetolimit their thethis additionaldevelopmost interests.interest current all pointdevelopment suggested happening to guide material ifin thea teacher children of a findsunit, anor special should field the unitof into the development of the unit. air or space and the teacher will interest. Bernard- Aerospace Nutt, Chairman 5. In the presentation of the concepts,concepts.important whichto develop are str*ed the processes under each of probleminvestigationScience of Committee, a and reaching Summer, conclusions 1966 - as unit, it is as it is to learn the EleanorJoelineGeraldPhyllisBeverly AndersonF.AmenBullerA. BeckAllen MaryDennisFredLuellaPhyllis R. Esser EvansC.Craig Conway Hansen DoloresLauraVernWinonaKatharine MartinStaats MalolepszyPainter Hoover MonicaMadelynJamesTheresaHelen Shasteen RobbinsWinneyPalmer Stetz A FOURTH GRADE AEROSPACE UNIT THE MOON AND BEYOND have left their scars, Man "Heavens are for reaching and yet will build his tower to the OVERVIEW descending; And though a thousand falls stars." them. As children look aboutThey need to develop some them, the mysteries of the universe call to understandings of this universe, for, --Stanfors Sternlicht the .Universe;universe,withtothree thethe major moon(2) satellites,is Man theirandproblems Explores beyond. environment. the that Space; man probes,These problemsthe explorations are: into space, this, has encountered or will encounterIn thisin unitand we (3)will Man attempt Looks toto explorethe Future. (1) Man Learns About the looking throughSelect variousand use levelsonly those of difficulty. which are suitable forTheSince suggested the televising books, audio-visual of space launches has become so frequent, it materials,It is expe and 'fed activities that teachers range will their pupils. thisis suggested unit. that, if possible, viewing aGerald Anderson,Laura Staats,Dodge Elementary Auth Pyrtle School,. Elementary School, manned space shot initiate Grand Island, Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska THE MOON AND BEYOND StatementBackground, of the Problem Man studies the Nature of the Universe. Aroundastronomicalthe(mostly distances our hydrogen)star. unit. between the andsun, matter small are theinparticles spaceadditional mayTheof duet.most obvious units of matter in the universe are Though the vast regions of space are often thought to have more meaning, new units ofunits measure of matter are used called -- thethe lightplanets, Ordinarilyyear the comets, this andinterstellar the asteroids. gas and duet are spread so the stars and the galaxies into which the stars are grouped. be empty, actually the regions contain gases thinly through and the That universetendsspace tothat in remain histhe laws bestin a of vacuumsstate motion of andrest of or universal ofOver uniform 300 yearsmotion ago Sir Iiaac Newton produced by man contain more matter per unit volume. defined several principles governing the movement of all bodies gravitation. unless acted upon by some force. Newton's first law of motion states 'that every body the planet from the sun. This tendency of matter The gravitational in the Conceptsorbitattractionis called about inertia.between the sun. the planet and the sun. acts as a The inertia of an orbiting planet tends to separate balancing force continually acting and keeping the plenet in Suggested, Group Activities 1. The sun is at the center ofb.a. theHow Bow solarare do theplanets system. nine revolveplanets aboutof our the solar sun? *1.*Activities Bulletin thatBoard: can "Early be carried Astronomers". on throughPermit thethe contributionsyear. students to addof Galileo,to this asCopernicus, they read Kepler, Of 2. As Man's methods and tools hisc.of What observationestimate is now of known improved,the sizeof the of theoursystem universe Moon? varied? earth's satellite, increased. 2. Using styrofoam balls, wires,aNewton, Sciencemodel and pinsofHerschel, 4, the pageconstruct solar 174,Lowell. syetem. for another example of a model. Or, see Laidlaw, 3. Our universe is constantly b.changing,d.c.a. How WhatHowBow do dofar isthe theais moonlight sunit toand andyear? the earthearth moon? comparecompare inin size?size? an astronomical unit? to the sun? 4.3. Read Visit and the discuss nearest some planetarium of theaboutconstellations ancientinformation to theobserve mythsmoon. about theinand our legendsthe winter moon whichskies. was obtained by Contrast these ideas to the actual b.c.thea. Why WhyWhatother does can tools stare thewe seeormoon only instrumentsthe have in Big somedifferent Dipper seasons?areastronomers allused shapes? year by to observe the universe? the and 5. Compute a light year; an astronomicalChartSurveyor.sun, distancesand the unit. other in both planets. measures to the moon, the (Life, July 1, 1966.) d. What changes does a developsstar? from a very young to a very star go through as it old 6. Using the scale, 1 inch = 100,000Usingof Nebraska a camera, and thephotograph surrounding the modelstates from a height of What can you see?'' miles, model the state. in colored clay. Vocabula,asteroid astrology astronomercomet 7.9.8. Use MakeCollect a Trippenseea constellation and assemble project."Space10revolution News"feet. bulletins. and rotation. Planetarim to demonstrate See Laidlaw, Science 4, astronomical uSi. . cosmic dust galaxy page 178. mythsplanetariumlightconstellation .:- year, Milkyorbitsunsolar"Red" Way giant planetmoonspectroscope,revolve 10. Repolt7onSuggested instruments Individual used Activitiescameras, spectroscope, satellite. by astronomers telescope, Sourceuniversestarrotate. Material p. Media "White" dwarf telescope 1. Pupil swings a small ball pupilathimfeel that letthe gogravityeffect of the ofwill ballinertia pull and theofobserve a the end of a string toball to therevol'ring ground. objecti Have its path. 'Remind Teacher Books: ,Bergaust,Putnam's Erik, Sons,Saturn zw--Story, N. Y.: G. P. 2.4.3. Chart ObserveFind theout the phases.ofthe night significance skythe onmoon the ofAre7 over o'clock.next they a 5 inmoonlit the same place? DO you see the same objects each night? Explaineach planet's any change. name.. 30-day period. nights at N.Emme,Bromley,Ley,Crowell Y.: Eugene,Willy, TheCo., BeyondA History the ofSolar Space System, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc 1960.gun, Star Number One, N. Y.: Flight, 1965. Thomas Y. 6.5. BringObserve binoculars the sun throughto a HowcardboardDO doesNOT lookit sun appear directly to change?as the sun. school. Observe a distant object. viewer. Illincds:s=th9.Blecha,Life:N. Y,; .4ly 19.1966, Sternig, "The Science True Color4, River of Forest, Viking Press, 19 Laidlaw Science Series, Tchr. Ed. the Moon". 7.8. Make observe a black -- theone-inch coils of a Havetoasterslowly a classmate away.glow hold the paper before you, Does the line change? line on a sheet of white paper. burns with a yellow - red; the filament then back Student Books: Illinois:Bell,von Braun, Thelma Wernher, and Bell, The Corydon,Mars The Riddle of University of Illinois Press, Enact, Urbana, 1962. 9. Report on one of the constellations.flame;incation a light and of Waturalbulbtemperature. glows gas white;burns blue.wood ancient legends about the Color I., an indi- N.Dowling,ThomasBranley,Time, Y.: N. Y. Y.:FranklynT. Crowell I., The M.,Co., New The 19577 Nine Planets, N. Y.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc., Viking Press, 1963. 1958. Knight, The First Book Of Mars N.Y.: Watts, 1966 Source Material and Media (cont.) NephewTellander,Priestley,Smith, W., Bischa, Beyond Lee,Marian, RocketSternig,Mars, tact, N.Y.:Mouse, ScienceChicago: Putnam, N.Y.: 4, Laidlaw, 1965 Abelard-Schuman, 19611960 Transparencies: Eclipse of tne Sun Northbrook,ETA -Si Hubbard Ill. Scientific Co., McGraw-HillWare,Wayne,Wyler,Follett Kay, Ames,N.J.: Publishing Let'sBook New Co.,ReadGo_ Co., lden1957About 1960Book Stars, of Astronomy, Golden Press, 1965 N.Y.: Celestial Globe The Solar System 800-1 Instruct° Films: Mars65BeyondExploring East and OurWater, Beyond, Solarthe Chicago,Night System,Walt Sky,Disney, Ill. Coronet Encyclopedia Buena Instr. B I, Vista, Calif. Films, Wilmette, TeacherSlides Notes: as available ThisTheExploring Sulr's SolarMoon,is the Family,E.B.F., Family, theMoon, Moon, McGrawE.B.F.,Wilmette,McGraw McGraw Hill, Hill,Wilmette Calif.Hill, '.Y.,N.Y., N.Y., N.Y. N.Y. Filmstrips: OrbitingStars,The Earth International Solar and Observatory,Its Neighbors Film Bur., NASA in Chicago,Space Ill. WondersThe330TheEncyclopedia Sun, WestSolar ofEncyclopedia 42nd theSystem Brittannica,Sky,St., Series, New Brittanntca, York, McGraw Wilmette, N.Y. Hill Wilmette, Ill.Book Co., Ill. Student Evaluation: Do the students understand the order within the 8 am Single Concept Films: EyeComet Gate Orbits House, Archer Ave., Jamaica, NJ. 3.2. Do'theAre the children students have expressing some ideabeyondusesolar of systemourthe earth?media? ?' creativity with their of the vast distances MarsEclipseEclipse and Jupiterof of the the Moon Sun Film11559 Associates Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 4.5. Do Do the the children children show realize interest thatconstantly inour our changing? universe is universe? Statement of the Problem Ingenuity, courage and perseverance are essential for man's conquest of space. THE MOON AND BEYOND Back*roundthe currents of time are: The Winged MenThe of ideaEgypt; of theflying Winged was Bullsfirst ofexpressed Assyria; by Sinbad, early manthe inSailor. legend and and his mythology. Roc; the Some of these legends which traveled Arabs1..COhcepts Manand wasTheir first Flying inspired Carpets; to fly Daedalus by observing and his birds Son, inIcarus; Pegasus, the Winged Steed. &molested1. Observe Gym wing Activities action of birds in flight. Observe c.b.a.flight. WhatWho How were diddoes some a bird of thesethefly? first machines menlike tolook atry bird? like? to fly 2. Construct a paper glider.winghair,Watch3: and'or dandeliondrift featherin anof air lighterstructure.and current. milkweed than airseed. materials; cotton, Watch(Exploring the drift Science, of this p. 234, 2. Concrete ideas were establishedb.a.periodflight HowWhat over were whichdidby an man.glidersda contributedextended Vinci developed contribute greatly and to towho flight further were development?the people 3. Present reports on famous WrightflyersOttoBacon,Allyn Lilienthal, Brothers,& or LeonardoBacon, people. 1960) Charlesda &tare Vinci, Chanute,Lindbergh, Montgolfier Samuel Amelia Brothers, Langley, Earhart, (Roger 3. Heavier-than-air flight wasrelatively c.developed What experiments shortover aperiod did of the time Montgolfierperform? Involvedby brave withBrothersand these aircraft? '6. Visit4.5. Make Take a weathera atime field line.station. trip to the localairplanesHoward airport Hughes.) in toflight; observe inspect them on the ground. b.a.determined Whatwere Who were themen. some problems of the earlywhich heavier-than-airmenpreventedfor whothese understood successmen? flight? 10. Watch 9.S.for7. InvestigateRead Secureand togetherbring weather forNewton's the mapsdisplay story availablethird currentofWith lawthe aat ofX-15 events.balloon weather,motion. rocket-plane. filled Demonstratestations. with air. d.c. Who weredeveloped the first planeforit's that their own flew power?deeds? under some of the flyers who became famous 11. Find information on space stations.visualiserocketimaginary(Space speeds travellife one and inand experiments distances,a decidingspace station whatchangeconstantly.) itby our shouldsetting concepts contain. up anof Help children 4. Pilots study all phases of weather. 12. Fromconversation the magazine of flight A Walk in Space, directors and the astro- dramatize b.a.c. WhyWhyHowcated do are ispilots atweatherthe airports? direction of the need to know bureau stations weather conditions?wind shown at usually lo- 13. Makenautsshow(Aerospace theMcDivitt our simple rapid Arithmetic, p. andadvances White. inline aeronautics. and bar 12.) graphs which would 5. Mana. is exploring Howthe airport?does a rocket work? space by using the rocket. 14.Suggested Individual A thepilot class. might explain the theory Activities of flight to b.c.d. WhyNowof iswere rocketry"? doesRobert rockets a rocketrocket differ have three Goddard known as developed? from a jet? main parts? the "father 2.1. Pretenddiary.Construct that ayou weather are an vane. astronaut. Write a e.g.f. rocketedWhatWhyWhatation? doesare has intosomea been space? of thethe purposeobjects ofman rocket explor- has Teacher4.3. Notes MakeFinda a model pictureswind spacesock. of suit. astronauts in space. Construct Vocabularyatmosphereaileroncentrifugal missionnoseorbit cone elevatordragenvironmentfriction radarpayloadrudderpropellantsatellite gravityfuselageliftSource Materials and Media velocitythrust Teacher Books: Bernardo,New York: James V., E. P. Dutton & Aviation in the Co., 1960 Modern World, Branley,New York: Franklyn Eugene M., A History Natural History Press, M., ..21,smtkaa of the Moon, of &ace Flight, 1961 Source Materials and Films: Media (continued) Murchie,Holt,TheLey, MatMillanRinehartWilly, Guy, sms. Harnessing gall, New York:Company, andI961; Winston, Inc., 1965. of the 2..V., Boston: ProjectStepProud Into ConquestApollo Space (NASA) (NASA) (hASA) Thomas,HoughtonThe Chilton Shirley, Mifflin fompany, MenCo.,7074. ofasse, New 1960 -1965. York: MarsTheFilmstrips: johnand Beyond,Glenn Story Walt Disney (NASA) Student Books : WilliamCoombs,Dewey, Morrow Charles,Anne Perkins,& Co., Aerospace Robert Goddard1964, ,- Space Pilot, New York: TripExperimental8 mm to Concept the Moon, Films:Weightlessness, Encyclopaedia Film Britennica Associates J.Floherty,Holt,Douty,Pioneer, P.'Lippincott RinehartEsther Boston: John M.,J.,and BallWhirli & Co., 19Little, 14 BrownWinston, & Co., Inc., 1956. In The Slur, New York: P'44.1adelphia: TM Free Fall in Space, Film Associates .Levellen,'ThomasHarcourt,Schneider,Shelton, Y. John, Crowell Brace WilliamLeo,Jet Co., Transports,,&Space World,Roy, In Fli Your hts 1955. Inc.,1=7 ofFuture, the Astronauts,New York: New York: NewvonBoston:Throneburg, York:Braun, Man on the Moon, Alfred A. Little, Brown o ,Wernher,Holt, Rinehart First Men & Winston,to the Moon, Inc., 1-76T7 Knopf, 1961. 1960. Student Evaluation 1. Do the 'students understand the basic principles Wells,Hutchinson,Wyler,FranklinDodd, Robert,Bard,Mead Watts, Sp &Science Co.,WMel Inc.,erg,Does Teasers, 3m22.1963.An Travel, Harper New 1061-74m- Astronaut Do? & Row, 1966. York: 2.3. Are Are the the contributions children aware of earlydevelopmentof aircraft flight?recognized bythe pupils? of the various organi. pioneers in aircraft NewFrasier, York: MacCracken, Decker, Exploring Singer, 1965. Toseths, 5.4. DoAre children space and show space more travel interest conversationszationefamiliaraccomplishments which topics betweenmake in flying space children? safe?and space travel? in current news of in ; L.Lf . THE MOON AND BEYOND ; $ l Seientifie:reilearchAn-thertsrompaterieldwill have a direct bearing upon our way of living , , , in the future. "70 ,Cent*sieskin-abb$.'s44..lhOir;...,r_heIla4Tindof ithipreeitathitiact-?rotoOrtione: ;introduction tut even these of advancedFor several_ytears jet eirplanes, have been flying at speed.; up to 600 miles an the :e great planes to commercialplanes areservice not the last word in air travel. hour. These planes can span the brought about changes Far from it: Mati'bigie/f.,.160114deiiianyOrAidartfititen'-;a1411.-proliiliiitical.,esitH, r'-'*144 044400 has al.SO,,AdatlioreVii:n space. - siaNOIOnitiatigAiek- - the planet Venus_ 300 instrumented satellites and probes into space. In the meantime, Irovelver,..AngineersWhether a (iiiite'the the cunt and the space between the near moon will become a reality for the and scientists are busy on They have orbited the platete. pilaidgei=terrying planes of incredible, ,:cf. -4... Y: , performance. ,; r L. .1d1 r . a A *116484 l .44jAt 'Mit/Vitae 7 1.41ati plans' a. eXten4edW4et measures can '.1;..."' iir routes. taillages, larger be taken to insure safe . airports, and .1.:%Dsign an iiiiinattve airplahe of the future.otherUbe piste materials. ett Wind cOnatruction-paper, or , :trawfpOrtawhy Ae4porti ;-grettar serve a an essentialriKieeds? 'i:"Dramitize the vacation-tbsa Visitmoon colony.'of anConstruct earth family an imaginarymooh jr colony. Ô. Why ii-thi'speed At which travelersPert:offrom one the passarea trinispettation to another important? network? ' uvoileitedndiVianar &tidy/elec. . . I . -,,. : "'-,2,..,;Nen.,-rveh,k.le.,41e,eigns lents will °be necessary forand spaceadvanced flights fuel develop- of W4 I':1.iliWariodet'airport:and Examine a U.S. map. and heliport:*place stars at points the. future... . R 4" , s 1 shiri' a' large airport. 4 ' l':..' a. )iour y e'seeatetf olee4 tontie wde e.per '' l'. '.04 P JTL(s : )..5 '. lacepsery.esneo we space? extend .:1J. .,,, 4'.*.11,1*onetrite..iockist to Oalietioa model power. Attach a balloon . , ShiSw'how%*iraity-ie'lenerated by placing ,. li..f. )640 Ire , *40 to develop stronger,,. material ,e'`kind'sdevelop. r..qt, . .. r , ;',. . Iran tilingenear' a moving electric current. i 0 '1'.. ''' are Tr.. 'b apace eing .eveloped? I new of . materials .t. P6 5.14ake-a' fiat of' the things41th',i0ii yoUineed on ato trip take to the moon. r . r d.c. WhatdistanceIn what inways the may we future? measure viziftfttspeed and be developed 6. a.Silly Quiz - Science Whoan.aCtitinaut? can go around the.world Teasers, by Wyler and Baird. faster than tmi,es' energy' -11 e.f. WhetofforWhits.an is 'spa4e 0)cpioratiOnt,user1I1,adVanced.'sp:Ccediaft?Orciycli*Q#0wOuld* ne 'tin :teem Aar into spice?' the objective sae, iry for b.d.c. wasWhenDoIf daytiiie,in anyouis astronadi'a or In the'i4ehtt wo4e4rouaorbit; Would the aun,fCsterthe tack :tick in htdtthebasibillAike a 'satellite?' 1 eat ei a'tack.while he raekate; or r TeacherSource Books: '141514ed, trip 'and' Media' l't 4. 8.7. Make a a friiie 3=b-"bulliifit ''ot..1f4New, arid *lien"' of. 1.. , . trans- U 9. portation....Makecould travel in one i'graill'ilhewiliglibe)nnsiber of miles .you day.. (24 hours) by: Beauchamp,,17.11bur,..*tNewThe York: Astrronariits leheinfe170.11j., SiliOn. 4. 3 ....a .4 ;. a. walkingi, d. ,streamlined train andExperimentin,' Co., *bust:4, 196 pCott eman '1' :7 ,, b.C. car f. inispeller-ditvenairplanejet airplaneAfter viewing G.reergautit,Branley, P. 1/ftitam4s Erik; tf6g thiCo:ions', 1942'lit,Asin, Exploration of the Moon, Stm, New York: 40F° rre a 10. Viewmastoi4-tiii-MOon'ColOnf.'"Pupili'MWilicUti'ihe'riiiii:LOtethe filefttfaihthe' it realistic write moon. perional Garden1964 City; New York: Priseglyn, Doubleday & Co. Inc., '4 account'poplins of to known .facts not factual? about the 4moon? What ' '3:,; repret4iitaktoili: - tt1 7 -44- f "1::; Lt, ! \ New lettrVi- Thames "7 , t: Nes.:&OM@ ?OA: 1441i7,1tinehart,arid' Win" o Vrdiowell' a.* c46. ,Lii,., " . !eati , ; ;., ... '.1 *ter otest 1 Gann, ; %.% Errtilit lt., tiee is .ttiitnitii; 1961. i,....' ,-.:.: !- = :4 New :fork:, Simon & Schwaf er, ;.1..;:;;:.1.;:,:ls;:. ...h. 1 17 :!...,'"':1.,....,,0. - I Student noos:..;.(i Ley,.N.iiiDayton, ": B . : 4. T. :::( The 'eitirit ther IC 3 7 ..,,... a "'Stem;ea. .., . 1962.. 1,, ... " :',.. -... . 3 IT, , ..s.::; it ,1* 7,t .1 . r r f I ; . - , r .::"; Bendick,Travel Nei Jaanne,,. The First Book of . '7 t ' 7.7 You;'NeiiBranlaylv-NewBranley, York: /Oarrapklyn.,AFranklyn; i-"Thiiies''Y. jilock-ofThomas Y. Crowell Co., Exploring, Crowell Co., 1958 IttSatellites Astronaut, 1961 .kis fa 44411 4 Ilm+4 s- -. JohnBurt,Chester, Day Olive, Co., Michael, Space 1960 Let's GoMonkey,, names Sons, Newon Yorka Trip,York:Coombs,1963Coy, New WilliamDonald, Charles,York: MorrowG. Aerospace Stations In Space, New P. Putn Co., 1964 Pilot, New base York: 1S=1:9Holt,1958 Rinehart, S:=41,9 All and Winston, Inc., Satelelteudil, Book of1960 Films: GrossetPlanetsHighland, and Dr. Dunlap,Interplanetary Harold, Inc., 1963 Hz and Travel, New York: jut.% FriendshipExploringTripJohn to Glenn the the 7, Moon,Speaks Moon,NASA to EBFGemini Mission, NASAMcGraw HillYoung America, NASA Student1. Evaluation: beingDo the made children in aircraft understand the rapid travel? advanceschanges? MannedGT-3X-15,Song First SpaceofNASA theManned Flight,Cl.ouds, Shell OilNASA Co. 3.2.4. mentsDoAre relatedDothey thethebeing recognize children childrento made space? aware show imaginationin space? inthe need for these of current accomplish- activities Transparencies: MarinerProject IT Apollo - Fright to Film Corp. Spacecraft, General Venus, General Aniline and Aniline 5. Arether some exploration of of space the problems involved recognized? in the fur- EVALUATION FOR AEROSPACE SCIENCE ACTIVITIES Mrs.When1. Karenyou have Timmons, completed Did you cover all material in this Lincoln, Nebraska, PSAB.* Do not sign yourthis name. section please complete this evaluation unit? YES NO sheet and send it to 2. IsIf thisNO which material problems suitable were for covered? the grade? YES NO 4,3, Dii you have difficulty obtaining Was the area too broad? materials? YESYES NONO 5.6. AreGoodList the Group concepts Activities valuable? that you think are: YES NO 7. PoorGoodList Individual Activities that you think are: 8. WhatPoor other interesting ideas did you use? Please list. 9. *How Aerospace would you Curriculum alter the Developmentformat? Project, Lincoln Public Schools, 720 South 22nd St. * IMPORTANT: YOUR GRADE LEVEL AEROSPACE TEACHER'SSCIENCE GUIDE FIFTH GRADE Aerospace Curriculum Development Project The Lincoln Public SchoolsDeveloped as a part of Summer, 1966 6 Yesterday's dream . Today's frontier - AEROSPACT. Tomorrow's life tofuture live this Zuture, The following unit of their future! and that they, in turn, will It is our hope that throughinstruction is but one attempt to project beyond this limited viewthe tostudy an evenof this more material, these focus the eyes of elementary school children will be better prepared students on the attractive life Aerospacegrowthlearningfor their of tochildren.Age,our fly great to thecountry. first Today, more people are involved inastronaut the aerospace onIt thebecomes industries moon increasinglyand beyond, important each year that our children are true their achievements affectthan are the in economicany other and industry. cultural From the student citizens of the clusionsThisthe studentpremisa are learnsimportant,helped anyguide but the it personsis Albert R. Hibbs, a particular physicistset of facts, deeply but involved it in today's space also important that the student who put this material in unit form. If he acquires the processesdoes matter needed whether to he learns how much fun become involvedscience, in ahas study stated, where "It his does interest not matter whether Facts, concepts, experiments and con- investigate and gains it is to learn, ," thedrivesinstatements desireher him classroom. to we doexplore believe an investigation, and that draw she If each teacher who approaches his own conclusions.will have an enjoyable and profitablethen our thescience introduction material ofhas her done aerospace a periodunit will of timegive incareful airtwo-fold and thought space job. towith the the following children 2.1. GroupsA teacher or individualscan beat judge will materialhow tobe their presented. interests. extensivelyencouraged each group to or develop individual "in depth" those are-,ls which lend themselves will become involved in the and the teacher will 3.5.4. Each InIt theisunit notpresentation will expected be opened thatof thewitha use teacherlimitconcepts, this additional developinterest all development if a teacher point to guide the children into the the most current happening in air or space which are stated under each problem of a finds a special field of interest. suggested material of a unit, nor should the development of the unit. unit, it is as unit Bernard- Aerospace Nat:, Chairman concepts.important to develop the processes of investigationScience Committee, Summer, 1966 - and reaching conclusions as it is to learn Madelyn Palmer the EleanorPhyllisBeverlyJoelineGerald BullerAmanA.Anderson F. Allen Beck MaryFredPhyllisDennisLuella R.Esser EvansConwayC,Craig Hansen WinonaDoloresLauraVernKatharine MartinMalolepszyStaats Painter Hoover JamesTheresaMonicaHelen RobbinsWinney ShasteenStetz FLIGHT THROUGH AIR AND SPACE This aerospace unit, FLIGHT A Fifth Grade Aerospace THROUGH AIR0:2RVIEW AND SPACE, considers man in Unit presentedflightstudy byof meanstoair children and of apacepropeller to travel.furthcr Most fifth grade children plane, jet plane, andneed rocket little and Itencouragementspace is hopedfire that totheir thesebegin imagination, materialsexploration to encourage of present day and future might be their ship. .space travel.skillsrealizein-depth of that study,observing, emphasis and toclassifying, haswiden been their placed on It is hoped that each fifth grade teachercommunicating, working with and this measuring, unit will rather than developing the science process oninterviews, specific subject books, matter.field trips, films, and It is urged that pupils use a variety SILVER SHIPS* realia.of ways to gather data including ButThere I !hallare trails soar likethat a swallowlad mayWhen follow the years of his boyhood slip; Mildred Plew Meigs FloatingGuiding mydown bird like of ametal, petal, On withthe wingsher throbbing of a silver frame, ship. *Revised Edition of the ARBUTHNOT ANTHOLOGY OF Roaring up like a flame - CHILDREN'S LITERATURE Scott,Winona Foresman Malolepszy, and Company,St. Theresa Chicago, Elementary 1951FredLuella Esser, Craig, Hawthorne Sheridan Elementary Elementary School, School, Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebr. School, Lincoln,Nebr. Nebr. PLIGHT THROUGH AIR AND SPACE HowStatement does his of propeller the Problem airplane fly? A skillful pilot must understand the forces which act upon his plane, and how to use them most advantageously. Background,flights. EveryIn addition minute ofto thethese day scheduled and night flightsabr..it theretwelve are airplanes Todaymany aircraftalrways take off joinengaged somewhere the ingreat generalin citiesthe worldaviation of onthe regularly flying.world and scheduled. span oceans and continents in just a few hours. pltial "nes of fly,this transportation giant. BecomingThe youth acquainted of toCay mustwith haveone typean appreciation of airplane and(i.e., awareness propeller) of the histor, practirAl effect, and future poten. will help children understand how and why all Concepts,1. Man has used mkny types of aircraft in his attempt . . Suggested,1. 21221Activities Review the history of flight. This might include b.a.to fly. WhatWhatattemptsresearch are was some theto and fly?ofimportance planning? the stories of daof Vinci'sman's early. 2, Displaycouragethan-air,andsome dirigibles)aircraft pictures children Oirplanes that and andto are modelsbringandsome lighter helicopters). aircraft models,of -thanaircraft, that- air are (ballOona heavier- En. g.f.e,dipc. How did early aviation progress? HowIn doesdid what thea waydirigible gliderfirst did balloonistsoar?the differ Wright from fly?brothers a balloon? use gliders? 4.3, todiscoverThroughthe rise discovco and thetb^the fly,. process differentof the(Theory offorces kindsobservationexpeximantation of thatflight), of planecause children designs,anencourage airplane can Why h. How does the autogyro fly? The helicopter? . are 2. Theb.a.flight. forces of lift, gravity, thrust, and WhatdragWhat affectisis ALA?the general Thrust? shape Gravity? of an airfoil?Drag? S. Makeplanecoverallmodels models wheninwith each of newer flight,aircraftw.labelpart models, works and helps-tothe parts& controlthe wings the made differently? Compare older pis. Aircrafta. How does instruments a plane Howcrabbing), (Considerdues it affect stall, lift? moveandglide, throughmovable loop thecontrols air?loop, on roll, the 6. Visittailplane..(Instrument ansection, airportConsider panel,landing and asking observefuselage, gear). a pilot the wings, partsto be propeller,ofyour a realguide, flightplane help the pilot . thro ugh air, control the plane in its a. What are the axes the airplane around each of rotation of a plane? axis? T. Bringline instewardess. resource people such as a pilot .or an air- Vocabulary b.c. What controls howWhat do instruments they help theare pilotfound controlin the cockpithis plane? and Suggested1. Individual Activities Construct or illustrate an airport, This could be airamphibianaerodynamics pocket aviationairaeronautics stream biplaneaileronairway altimeterairfoilceiling 2. doneReadstrips,explainedCharles by about a control child Lindbergh,to important the who tower,class. has Wrightwork visitedand done miniatureBrothers, anby model Include the wind sock, air such peopleairport as and Ameliathen Barhart, planes. fincockpitthrustLink Trainer yawpanelfuselagecontrols instrumentpitchdivelift flight dragstabilityrudder 3. Makeb.a.and reportsothers. and prepare HowWhat does makes an airplanean airplane turn? go up and experiments to show: down? TeacherSource MaterialsBooks: and Media dec.e.f. WhatHowLearn docandois pilots theyouato cold readinstrumentsdemonstrate fly front?an in hourly all Warmtell lift?types sequence the front? of weather? pilot?report. riTaigBryan,Pacilio,and alayechnology, MargaretLeslie, James et V., al., Discovering Urbana, Whittlesey House, 1962 pot F1 Fundamentals of Aviation Today and Tomorrow, Ill: Aerospace, Univ47:71711% 1966 g. AviationTheselocal sequence weator Piency bureau reportscommunication station may be station.and obtained from your Federal Student Books: Chicago: Children's Press, 1965 Teact : Notes: 11101 eke,G.P.Bryan,and avidPutnam'sSpace Leslie, C.,Technolosy, Sons,et ale, 1961 Urbana, 'lights,Tbat Made Elam, N.Y.: fundamentals of Aviation A Pilot, Chicago: Uni;71711717. 1966 Children'sGreen,Hyde,Highland,of Mgt,MargaretCarla; Preso. HaroldN.Y.: I 01.,Want 195TJ., FlighPTo The Be How Grosset and Dunlap, 1961 Today and Tomorrewl and Why Wonder B_ ook Joseph,PenningtonMay,Dodd,N.Y.: Julian, MeadJames, Press,& ModernCo.You 1965LEI Airplanes, Whittlesey House, 062-- 1959 tl, Cleveland: C. = = C= =J .47=1 = Airplanes,WebsterMcFarland,N.Y.: Beginner St.Kenton Louis: D.,Science Airplanes Series, How..texTi ilt Putnam's Sons, 1966 Webster Div.. -MeGraw4amin 1958 Read About Work Films: Airplanes:Airplanes:Young America Films HowPrinciples They Ply,. of color,Flight, Y 1/4b/w, reels, 1 reel, HowCoronetManThe FourAn in ScienceAirplane FilmsFlight,parts, of ShellFlies,b/w, Flight, 1011 1/1.2eels, color,Co. 1 reel, b/w, 2 reels each, Walt Disney Films Filmstrips: HowG.C. We Burns Fly, FilmMcGraw-hill Presentation WhatSeries)ManPopularKitty Makesin Flight,HawkEncyclopaedia ScienceEngines to WaltCanaveral, PublishingGo?, Disney, Britannic*N.Y.: Popular (SpaceCo. Films Scienceand the Pub. CO. Atom Student Evaluation Transparencies: HistoryParts ofof anPlight, Airplane, 3'M Company3 M Company 2.1. Dohadportance intothey theon ourpupilstheunderstand of modernoperation theappreciate airplanedayhow and"Shapes"world? and flightand understand theand of effect "forcesthe aircraft? theit "' hasim-enter FLIGHT THROUGH AIR AND SPACE BackgroundStatement of the Problem The jet has made it possible for man to go higher,IMMO faster, 1 farther, and carry greater loads. How does the jet fly? forand every rapidly breath to theyou stormfreedraw. stratosphere five ThemilesThe powerful, jet age isjet here. engines are lighter, more efficient, less Today you can step aboard a jetliner with engines up. You'll travel more than 600 miles powerful enough eachto carryhour --ayou halfsmoothly mile Concepts,copters and supersonic Jets of the Free World will deterFor the agression future, jet progress can mean even faster and more comfortable transportation, Suggested complicated, and faster thanand help keep you safe. Activitf Advancedpiston engines.jet hell. 1. Motion.Thea. jet principle comes from Newton's ThirdWhat Law is ofNewton's Third Law of Motion? 1. a.Motion,Through experimentation, Releasing an airs-filled2E222 balloon prove Newton's Third Law of 2. engineSinceb. How itscompressing is power,this law a and jetrelated heatingplane to is ofthe limited air way gives injet which flies? to flight the jet a 2. Throughd.c.b. experimentation, KickActionThrowing of ofa gunaballs water while hose observeon skates how jet propulsion C.b.a. inWhy the is earth'sa jet plane atmosphere. limited to travelWhat inearth's theisare the the atmosphere.? purpose important of aparts turbine of ain jet engine? a turbo jet? works. Wrapthea bottle somebottle; bakingthat cork, can soda beand incorked. shake a napkin and irv.rt it in the bottle. QuicklyAdd some vinegar to 3. a.thePenetrating shape and the placement sound barrier of wings. necessitatedWhatIn changing isa propwjet?the sound barrier? 3. theirIdentify function. and describe Observe(Dolay notitjet on corkpropulsion its too side tightly the parts ofon a ajet row engine of round pencils. when cork pops out. or bottle could break.) and 4'. changethatMan'sb. our inever-increasing size,jet aircraft shape, engines,aredesire constantly to and fly fuel, fasterWhatfor changesman to penetratein airplane the design sound madebarrier? it undergoing means possible 5,4. ObservepropChildrenbuilding engines thewho small shaircinaves,enjoy building 11(1111:::v:L:heA:=2:t4:d3:urillim models mightDrop enjoya pebble in a large b.a. WhatBeWhat ableis will a tosupersonic tomorrows do? jetjet? airplanes Why are theylook needed?like? waychild'sarewater.pan in compressed.ofwhich water. Slinky sound toy waves is Note the cone shapes which Draw a pointed pencilAir swiftly behaves in another way to illustrate travel. a similar way. appear as the waves through Athe c:::: c= t=3 t= =3 =I MO Vocabutary, exhaust nozzle t= 7.6. MakedevelopmentsCollect a frieze clippings and of record"Now about and flightscurrent Then" .forofjet jet aircrafta Newsair transpor.Booklet, combustionpropulsionjetlinerreaction compresssrturbinesonicpulsejet stream -jetboom turbosoundMachram -jet number-jetbarrier Suggested Individual Activities tation. Sourceturbopropsupersonic Materials turbulenceand Media vapor trails .1,. Through reports, such questions as these'be mightexplored:a. be What effectis meant does by.Mach temperature 1? have on speed of Teacher Books: Hyde,N.Y.: Margaret 0o, Grosset and Dunlap, 1961 Plight TT dater and :Tomorrow, e,doco When was the first jet plane flightWhyWhat sound?made? do is jets the flysound in barrier?the jet stream? Viaiio,Chicago:S Institutem Technology. James of V,,Aviation, Children's Press, 1 6 Urban7TIT:71gNoDiscoverin of Ill., 1966 Fundamentals of Aviation and Aeros ace, 3.2. hisSelectDevelopf. flight a acurrent "Who'scareer, jetWho" pilot on jet and planes, do a biography*Whatover advantagesa ofturbo -jet does engine? a turboprop engine have Student Books: Colby,1959 C.B., Our Emma! Jets, N.Y.: Coward McCann, Teacher Notes: Cooke,May,WilliamCoombs,G.P. Putnam'sJulian,David Charles,Morrow, Co, Modernlone, Flights, andAerospace, Co.1961 Air lanes, Cleveland: That Made History! Pilot,Na.: N.Y.: Chicago:Facilio,Pennington James Press, V., 195Discovering. Aerospace! Children's Press, 1965 1,Student Evaluation Are the pupils familiar with Newton's Laws of Motion Films: AnEncyclopaediaAirport Airplane it: theTrip Britannica Jet by Age,Jet, color,color,.1 reel, Film 1 reel, 2. Doprogressedand jetsthe their pupilswill application tremendouslychange realize even that, in morein jet evenjet inaircraft? aircraftthethough future? wedesign, have ShellBeyondEncyclopaedia Oil the Company Speed Britannica of Sound, Films 3. Havehappen?periments the children and to learnedreason to observe their ex- ' !hi:certain things Statement of the Problem PLIGHT THROUGH AIR AND SPACE Backgroundfly? With the development of the rocket, man has the ability to move into space. How do the rockets and space ships acceleratedterings of reports in the The history of rockets dates of laterockets 19th being century. of rockets and space* back to 1232 A.D. used at different The science of rocketry Research rockets have when the Chinese usedtimes through the has developed rapidly been successfully succeeding years. them against the Mongols, during the firedlast 30and years, much valuable Study of rockets was There are smat infor. ofmationConcepts the teacher,has thaeby, We are in the age been acquired. Making the child aware of what we are doing new Suggested am Activities in our space age is the challenge 1. Rocketslift,ry their can owntravel oxygen? Howoxygen is source in airless space and do not needit carried in the because they car- air for rocket 2,1, WindgyroscopeIllustrateresists up three anyand how effort toysa gyroscope such to as a observe that its rapidly tip over, works by spinning a toytruck, a car, and a mo- taming wheel Meat b.a,c. What is WhyWhogenerallyand arewas how rocketRobert is credited it used? to Goddard?engines oftenWhat confused him? discoveries are with jet torcycle.atopagain.sure thehow Placetruck.far them at Place the motorcycle atop each one traveled. Wind Allow the truck to go as the same starting line, when the car stops, rem the ear and the car- them up once far as it d.e. Howengines?Howapply does can to thea How rockets?rocket do they principle of action fly without wings? differ? and reaction 3, Comparewill,Discusstheylease then pertain performance theand release motorcycle.relate to thethe tothe car, fuel of a rocket.Observe thedifferentmulti greater -stage states rocket. of matter as Suggested distance, 2. Thea.thrustf. rocket's to escape propulsion the WhatWhat is is the meant force by escape earth's gravity.of burning gases system must exert velocity? called? enough 4. Throughexamples:lighter(carbon experimentation fuel dioxide or alcohol) capsule), solid fuel (fire cracker), gas determine how an astronautliquid fuel (charcoal fuel c.b. How does the Whateffect are thethe steering differentprinciple ofkinds the ofgyroscope rocket of the rocket? fuels? pp,comes 140.141) out of orbit, (See Discovering Aerospace I in a e.de ExplainWhyneed do a rockets whydifferent the havevarious kind of fuel? multistages? stages of rockets 5.6. ThroughAerospacerocket(See:Discovering experimentationengine pp. 1404-141) requires Aerospace showoxygen, pp. show that the combustion how a rocket turns. 110-111) (See Discovering 3. A silerocket and athat carries a warheadrocket'that carries a satellite, a cap. liunrh vehicle. is called & mis- 7. Demonstrateapogee and ellipticalperigee with orbit, a spool orbital on the velocity, end of a c.b.a.sule, or HowWhatin orbit? does aour spaceship modernisa probea armymissile?reach is called a Return from orbit? and navy userockets?orbit? Stay 8.9. Usedisplay.aboutCollectBuildthread. news a vocabulary.onewspapermaps withcurrent articles.clippings ,termshappenings usedBuildattached in a airrocketry.bulletin where and thespace. beard event (Discoverin Aerospace, pp. 118-119) apogeeVocabularl astronaut burnastronautics out 10. Suggested Individual Activities Watchoccurred,space television travel, Make programs a map pertainingshowing tracking to space stations, and makietstagecapsuleballisticsinertia orbitalNASAlaunchbooster vehicle rocketspeed ellipticalcosmonautmissilenosecone orbit 2.3.1. HaveMakeMake children individual an album consider ofreports U.S. these launchon theproblems: vehicles.various satellites. rendezvouspropellantperigeegantrycountdown spacecraftreentryprobegyroscopedocking orbitalguidanceescaperecovery velocity speedsystem fleet c.b.a. WhyWhatsturdier does dois we meantthe needthan airframe by oura acomplete guidancepresent of a builteamtearth.likerocket daysystem airplanes? need in rocketry?to be en ,trackingTeacherSource Books:Materials. and Media d.e, Whatbefore(X-15)vironmentIn featwhat theyaffect must waysfor can pilotsourthewill be lives?crew? awardedthe of newlythe astronautX715 designed accomplish wings? aircraft Chicago:Wailic-Jamesandhn51,Technology,Institute -Children's V.,of Aviation,Discovering, Press, Urbana, Fundamentals 1965 Aerospace, UniT7477711.of Aviation 1966 Teacher Notes Student Books: Bergaust,Bendick,N.Y.: Jeanne,Eric, Rocket The First Power, Book N.Y.t of &se Travel, Franklin Watts, 1963 G.P.Chester,1969Burt,Ga. Putnam'sPutnam's Olive, Michael, Sons, Sonslea Left mtesz,1963 Go OnN.Y.: A Sacs John Day Co., WE, N.Y.: WilliamCoombs, Charles,Norrow and Lift Off, N.Y.:.Co., 1963 Rockets Into Ithight,Sacs,Crosby,Ley,Missiles, Willy,N.Y.: AlexanderClayton* N.Y.: How sea Pilots, Wayne,Random House, 1959 Grosset.Dunlap,& Larrick 1960 Nancy, and 22 Book of N.J.: Rockets and VerralAbelardmSchuman,GoldenEnglewoodPriestly, Press,Charles, Cliffs,Lee, 1957 Rocket1961 N.J.: al. The asu of Outer Mouse, N.Y.: Prentice Hall, 1963 sea, Wtbstei151V...McGthwiaillWebsterRockets,About SpIstTravelBeginning St. Louis: Book Co., ScienceScience Series, Series, Lets We ReadSt. Louis:Webster Division.. 1962 Read About Films: Rockets:McGraw.I.Hill How BookThey Co., Work, 1962. color, 1 1/2:reels, EncyclopaediaEncyclopaediaFlanTheWhat inSpace Makes Space, Age: aBritannica BritannicaRocketcolor, Go,3 reels, Dr. Goddard to (teacher),Films Films3 reels, NASA Project Gemini, Filmstrips: Manb/w, in 2 Space,reels, Shell Oil Encyclopaedia Britannica Co. Films, Student Evaluation SpacePlight(Walt Rockets, IntoDisney's) Space, Jam SpaceHandy Encyclopaedia & the Organization, Atom Britannica 1. Doesfuture?rocket hethe understand andpupil the have purpose that an idea becauseit will ofserve the of the history of the for the lack of Record!: Space(Space Songs, and NascoSpace TraVel Science Materials Series) 3,2. Areonlytoatmosphere they space,feasible collecting spacecraft, in vehicle? space, and the andreading rocketman data at present is the involved in them? pertinent OPPMINMIT,PnorinnR44. N.mmwwwwwwwwimmqwmmm 1:-Luw".11.171."111r"ItiliM"WilleErn.11111P11.1.110.11.01 When you have completed this section EVALUATION FOR please complete this AEROSPACE SCIENCE sign your name. evaluationACTIVITIES sheet and send it to Mrs.1. Karen Did you cover all Timmons, Lincoln, material in this Nebraska, PSAB.* Do not unit? YES NO MINISONS!/ ...{1001141.1..1 2. IfIs NO thin which material problems were covered? suitable for the grade? YES NO 3. Was the area too broad? YES NO -11111111, 4. Did you have difficulty obtaining materials? YESYES NONv 6.5. AreListGood the Group concepts Activities valuable? that you think are: rn 7. PoorGoodList Individual Activities that you think are: 8. WhatPoor other interesting ideas did you use? Please list. 11010111111=11.1- .. 9. How would you alter the format? 410wr laormaaanowrIMaxre I 1 I. * Aerospace Curriculum Development Project, Lincoln Public * Schools, 720 South 22td St. n . .... war% El= f -1 r -7 -E r.1" . 6 6 AEROSPACE TEACHER'SSCIENCE GUIDE SIXTH GRADE Aerospace Curriculum Development Project The Lincoln Public SchoolsDeveloped as a part of Summer, 1966 6 Yesterday's dream . Today's AEROSPAC3 to focus thefrontier eyes of - elementaryTomorrow's schoollife students on the toforfuture live their this children. future, and Today,The following more people unit areof their future! thatIt isthey, our inhope turn, that willinstruction involvedis but one in attemptthe aerospace through the study of this material, these project beyond this limited view to an evenindustries more tha.: are in any other industry. children will be better prepared From the studentattractive life Aerospacegrowthlearning of toAge,our fly great to thecountry. first astronaut onIt the becomes moon andincreasingly beyond, deeply involved in today's space important each year that our children are true their achievements affect the economic andscience, cultural has stated, "It does not matter whether citizens of the Thistheclusions studentpremise are learnshelped important, anyguide particular butthe itpersons is Albert R. Hibbs, a physicist alsoset of important facts, but that it thedoes student who put this material in unit form. If he acquires the processes needed to matter whether he learns 101w much fun it is to learn. become involved in a study where his interest Facts, concepts, experiments and con- investigate and gains . ." thestatements,drivesin desire her him classroom. to to wedo explore believean investigation, andthat draw she hiswill own If each teacher who approaches then our sciencethe introduction materialhave anhas of enjoyable doneher aerospace a andconclusions. profitable periodunit will of timegive incareful airtwo-fold and thought space job. towith the the following children 2.3.le Groups EachA teacher unitor individuals willcan bestbe opened judge will materialwithhowbeto encouraged extensivelytheirthe presented.most interests. current happening toineach developair groupor stece "in or dindividualand pth" the those will areas become which involved lend teacher will themselvesin the 5.4. InIt theis notpresentation expected thatof the a teacheruseconcept's,importantlimit this additionaldevelop interest whichto develop allare pointdevelopment suggested the to processes if a teacherof investigation finds a guide the children into the development of the stated under each problem of aspecial unit, itfield is asof interest.and reaching conclusions as it is to learnmaterial of a unit, nor should the unit unit. the Bernard- Nutt, ChairmanAerospace Science Committee, Summer,Beverly A. Allen concepts. Phyllis Conway1966 - Katharine Hoover Madelyn Pal'i-E.r EleanorJoelineGeraldPhyllis AndersonBullerF,Oman Beck MaryDennisFredLuella R. Esser EvansC. Craig Hansen DoloresLauraVernWinona MartinStaats MalolepszyPainter Jae,:z3T./107.:% hobbit.,Winncy Shosleen A Sixth GradeLEARNING Aerospace TO LIVE Unit IN SPACE Whetherinto theor notvast he reaches can survive of his emendsuniverse. upon his abilityMan's to questadapt fortemself knowledge to has now carried him beyond the comfortable confines But can he adapt to life there, especially for long periods of time? OVERVIEW the perils and risks of the of the earth's atmosphere haveheunknown. must been cope probed with by physiological categorizing andthem psychological as follows: requirements.There are many problenit related to living and workingHe must beyond not theonly surmount the problems of gravity and Natural Problems of Space, Man's Inherent Problems, and ccatrol of his movements in space but also earth's atmosphere. These questions isandExtra-terrestrial upvarious to the student teacher's Life resources. indiscretion Space. to include, amend,An attempt or omit has any been of thesemade inactivities this unit or to allow for individual Filmstrips and single-concept films are available for individual work. differences through individual activities problem areas. It availablespaceIt might will throughoutbe be planned in the the tonews beginyear, of thetheespecially world.unit at thatthe timewhichAn of importantis an foremost outer considerationspace in the probe, news orinat atthisthe some timeaerospace unit is that the teacher use the most current information other time when outer the unit is taught. Hansen, Dennis C. - Hillside Elementary School, Westside Community Schools, Omaha, Nebr. Hoover, Katharine - Longfellow Elementary School, Hastings, Nebr. Robbins,Martin, VernHelen - -Rousseau Brownell Elementary Elementary School, School, Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebr. Nebr. Winney, James C. - University of Nebraska LEARNING TO LIVE IN SPACE environment.Statement of the Problem The nature of space presents many problems that must be overcome by man if he is to function well in that Background,is endurable for man; however, the use of artificialThe dangersgravity ofis spacedesirable travel if musta crew be mustthoroughly spend astudied long time before in aman can explore or live in space. Weightlessness . . withandbeingconstantlyspacecraft. alcrometeoritecrafts conducted removed.that willto isprovide protect not as protection himgreat from as extremelyforscientists man through varying once thefeared. temperatures. use °this suit and space capsule. Space vehicles oust be pressurised to supply oxygen in necessary amounts. It is known that X -rays and other radiations are very harmful to the body, and research is now Safeguards will eventually be developed against all On the other hand, the danger of collision Carbon dioxide' must also be Man also needs suits 1.Concepts,the Radiation known hazards may affect of space man's travel, travel and in thenspace. the limits of space, will be extended. ,Suggested, am Activities A model cloud chamber Can be made by following these b.a. Which Why istypes a careful of radiation study ofcould theHaw?totant besunman? toharmful impor- space travel? How? Which could be beneficial? 90%againstit(aboutsteps: lathy'top downthe4 Xor bottom4 on ethylinches). a five-pound andalcohol, topbay of saturatepiecevlose t small, ofthe thedry' jar,screwcap circlesice, and about place jarwith Place carefully fitted circles of black felt 2. Man must re-orient himself anda.c.to What histhe environmentisaethodsproblems the "g" could of factor? weightlessness. be used toagainst protect man ,radiation in space space=r foilcoverAllowcuttwo in capinchesthe the injar lenstop whichthick, to wrappingof stand a wrappedsmallslide approximately to holeprojector accommodatein newspaperha, been with15 the minutes.pierced withan jar. aluminum a hole andThen, c.b. How willhas theman acquiredbe able toknowledge useweightlessness?helped toweightlessness hisof in "g"advantage coping forces with in space?the problems of agroundtheadjust time, jar. andaat fine unevennotice beam intervals.the of cloudlight tracksat a sloping appearing, angle one into at Look through the beam at the dark back- d. What adaptations must mal environment to exist and be made of man's nor- work in a 2.3. For File an flatactivity a two-inch on radiation sectionToday's, see Basic Science 6, p. 30' heTeachersNavarra bottom andEdition. wire Zfforoni, of a 3. Artificial means of supplyinga.pressures What results must be weightlesswhen atmosphere state, isas lightin space or notstations? from inadequate pressurisationprovided in space. and regulating present? metalhaniitheplaceand coatswing when coathanger. it the hangeraround. coat byhanger its !wokis swung on your Place a hoary coin atNotice the center;how the coin stays in around. fingertip, 4. The composition of air mustb. tainedbe What provisionsin all of man'shave beenspace made endeavors.taining necessary pressures in space? rigidly main- for main- 4.5. Swing Slit aa watersection pail of witha mailing a smallplacetothe amountshow itwheel, aroundcentrifugal and the notice spoke that of the force force. tube down one side, and bicycle wheel. resulting from of water in it Rotate b.a.c. What What provisionsis are the some result must be madepositionof for oxygen? of gasas? proposed plans for the of prolonged breathing the dis- 6. Place a drop of olive oil ontoofthe thenatural spinning rim ofgravity ofthe the so wheel that is greater wheel. the tube stays out nextwater two inches deep in then the pull 5. Objects such as micrometeoritesdangerthought may in theynotspace would that be.scientistscreation have always of oxygen in space? be the .Theain oilit clearspoona assumes.statewill glassand sink Of observe weightlessness.jar.until It floats Break the oil drop by 'Writing it Slowlyth3 shape add someof globules. rubbing alcohol. Notice the shape that beneath the surface This with 6. An object in space experienceschangesa. Whatconstant inhave temperature. Pegasus and devicesspace? shown us concerning objects in other experimental 7.S. For Make an aactivity demonstration concerned showingwillLaidlow, illustrate Smith, weightless Wachs, Sternig, 1966, p. with pressureliquids. see Science, that air contains about 102. b.a. What effect does thewater variance vaporexperiencestures have inon space in space?have on man and his of tempera- 9. Row doss breathing oxygen and20%affect1/5 oxygen.invert of the a jarway overshowing it. 20% oxygen. Place lighted candle in a pan of water, The water should rise animals? Observe what If possible, l)out Vocabulary"g" force man's tolerance of heat in space? oxygen-carbon dioxide cycle 10. For an activity on varying temperaturesplacehappensActivityis aseeAdventurin mouse to 1him. .in 100% , Scott pure Foreman,oxygen. 1965, p. 225, Science weightlessnessmicrometeorroentgencosmicirradiation rays recyclingcentrifugalartificialspace medicine gravityforce Source Materials and Media puggesced Individual Activities Teacher Books: TechnicalAllen, William, Terms Educationalof Aerospace Um, Dictionary of Washington, 2.Z. Burn For aan hole activity in a paperon Mallinsonshow power & Smallwood, of the sun's T. radiation see Science 6, with a magnifyingradiation. glass to Ed., p. 209. Mallinson, UniversityandBrayn,D.C.: Space NASALeslie, ,Technologx,of Sp-7, Illinois, et U.S.al., GovernmentUrbana,1966 Fundamentals of Aviation Illinois, Printing Office 4.3. Tie For a activitiesstring loosely on acrossBairdarrangementsmall and toy Robinson, soldierof wood. Index.or other weightlessness see Sc_ ience Teasers, On a supporting string tie a object. the top of a U-shaped Lift the entire Washington,Gardner,NASAN.Y.:Introducinst Educational Holt, Marjorie, D.C.: Rinehart, Children Briefs,Chemistrz and to Houston, lase, The U.S. Gov't Printing Office Winston, 1965 in the lasshis, Texas: Lincoln Plan, apparatus,Sinceseenthe string. tohe remain isand not when insupported it is by While he is falling, the soldier can the same position inside the hanging quietly, release either the string or the frame. be Holt,MannedTrinklinSutton, Rinehart Spacecraft Richard and andHuffer, M., CenterWinston, The Modern Physics Inc., Sue of Space, N.Y.: Science,1965: N.Y.: 5. Make reports on Pegasus andhissatellites.frame, surroundings. he is in a weightless andother try micrometeoroid outcondition various with kinds regard of to Student Books: WashingtonVlorst,Holt, Rinehart, Judith, Square Projects:Winston,Press, Inc., 1961Space, 1962 N.Y.: 6. 7.Put Put thermometers thermometers in inthe sun sun andmaterialsandCompare tin. asand insulations graph. such as cotton, copper, Let students improvise their own shade and take readings. ideas here. paper, Greene,Little,Dewey,Lent,Golden AnneHenry Joseph,Brown,Press, Perkins, B., and1959The Man Co.,Forgotten RobertAlive 1962 inGoddard, Star,Outer Boston: Apace, N.Y.: Teacher Notes Wells,HarperWylerBrownN.Y.: Robert,and Macmillan& Row,Brand,Co., Alive1966 1961 Co.,Science in 1963 Space, Teasers, Boston: N.Y.: Little Films: All About Weightlessness, Walt Disney Productions D.C.: Student1. Do youEvaluation feel the students have gained an under- TheTommyTheWcaponsPotomac ABC NASA Looksof PlantRiver BiosatelliteG at (Bldg. #MN-3446,Naval Command, WashingtonSpace U.S. #603,25, Sterling 200) Program #160, NASA liaval Movies a.b.standing the the properties of: of adaptationsin man's space to endeavors?man's needs in effects, protection and uses weightlessness and its space? of radiation Filmstrips: Atom: Man's Servant (Set), Encyclopaedia d.c. the necessityimportance of andfor mandisposition through allof of maintaining a constantproviding pressure an adequategases? mixturehis activities? control BritannicaManHazardsConditionsPasadena Faces in Films Outer3,inSpace Calif.:Spasle, JamBasic Space, 1355Travel Inverness #1 31-G, Eye Gate Handy OrganizationSkill Films Drive, House, Inc. 2. Has each student e. forthatthe overcoming roleface man inthese space venturesin spice environment? of temperature and temperature become more aware of the problems? and the proposals problems ManManSpace TextSpacein in Space SpaceandFilms Flight Space #8865, Part Travel, I #484-3, Society for Visual Encyclopaediaand Part II, BritannicaMcGraw-Hill Jam Handy Organization Ed. Films 3. Has each student man'srelationshipthat attempt he may to moreamong probe perfectly his the fellow great gained a greater appreciation insure a peaceful men? unknowns of space of 8 mm Concept Films: FreeExperimental Fall in Space,Weightlessness, Film Associates Film Associates Records: FlightTheSound Planets, of Spectacular, the BumblebeeHoist, Capital,Edgar Varise, Columbia P8-389 1 um7-7117----L:= V.= =1 ts. Statement of the Problem t' LEARNING TO LIVE IN SPACE lIghground Many of the problems of space travel occur because of man's inherent needs.. maintainofexcretion time. himself of waste in circumstancesmaterials. foreign to his normalMan isenvironment a complex ismechanism necessary that to requiresspace travel, food, explorationwater,He is and a machineoxygenand inthat order requires to survive. exercise in order to keep himself in top working condition. He is subject to psychological problems when confined in,mmall areas for long periods His body requires the Learning to 1.Conceptscolonization. Some provision must be made to handle emergency 1.Suggested Study theGroup necessity Activities for knowledge of medicine as man a.spacecraft.or Howtemporary much training medical wouldand dental be cythenecessary needsmedical astronauts on forand dentalto handle needs? their own emergen- wouldandcouldStudytravels dentalneed takethe into colleges way space.caretake in of towhich toemergencybecame determine non-doctors a doctoror whattemporary andor courses dentist.non-dentists medical one Secure bulletins from medical c.b. WhatCannon medical use ordinary supplies remedies would stateinaboard?need likespace? tohave aspirinbe on man's use of medicines? What effect does the weightless 2. Discuss the various ways ofWhichdemonstratingor preservingCollect dental of the itemsneeds variousfood. various thaton board processescould ways a beofspacecraft. foundwillpreserving bein mostthe food. homeadvan- 2. Man must devise ways of supplyingwatera.space. Why for isfood long it and difficultperiods of for time man in to a uselimited the 3. Prepare a menu for three astronaut'freezingspacethetageous processes for whoandto one spacewillcanning. week.of berefrigeratioL,flight? in drying, freeze-drying, Take into consideration the Include an examination of b. How much food and water wouldoneonforgame be earth?year? a required formsjourney of offood two in weeks? space that he eats two months? problemsfor storage. of weight and the space that will be used The menu should be varied and nourishing. c. What are some ways that this food and 4. Demonstrate preservation of the importance of food by placing refrigeration to milk in two other in the open containers. the d. Bow might water might forms of algae be supplied? be used to supply room.Place one in a Compare what refrigerator and the happens. . balance e. What are food?food? the advantages to take care of frieze-dryingof his sanitary 5. Hike a ofPetersonScience nature Today, isand for terrarium to show a maintained.Company, Evanston, the Elementary-School See Navarrasystem and in which a Ill., 1960, pp.418-419. vehicles is the Teacher, Row, Zafforoni, 3. Man must learn b.controlneedsa. What Why such ofare odorsis provision is made for odors a serious defecation, urination; in the small problem in space? spacecraft.the waste func- and the 6. 7..ReportA promising on sourcethe §page.power-andfuel cell. Mak, water Belt, For an experiment onmethods of waste cipabilities..seeRinehart, Chemist Winston,of power for space disposal in the spacethe fuel call and 19 5, pp. 119-125. in the its 4. Many psychological urination?tions of the body such as problems face man as defecation and he 8. Study various programMakeOf thesemodels today. be of used some kinds of water in space? of these systems. purification systems. Why is theHow might one exploresa..b. BowDoes space. man become more beingsemotional in a well-being?small space does isolation from other human tired as he worke affect man's to 10. Hike9. a Reportstudy on controlhuman system.of these odors the causes of of how valuable WhatWhat happens are isometric to essentialhuman in odors. exercise is to living things exercises? spacecraft? the with- Have c. How are a benefitingweightlessis fatigue work as ain astronauts trained condition? factor in hindering or space? Of what importance to overcome 11, Report on theoutprogram.these childrenexercise? exercises do some howTry men placing are good for astronauts isometric exercises.yourselfselected in for a closetthe to do? astronaut 'Wareand see 5. The clothing important to his these tosychological that man wears in space wellbeing. problems? to use for is whatwhatTryastronauts your placingthe reactionsdifficulties to be yourself in one personally compatible? to the limited are. Whyposition is it andimportantclothing discover materials to environment are. for b.a. What are the purposes spaceofserve covering clothing. in space the the best materials besides thebody? obvious one that clothing must 12. Make a study controllingcontrollingfind'out what temperature, odors. the of clothing and best materials Include mylar. &Wooing of wastes, and designs are hetwk,11 organisms and for Vocabularyclaustrophobiafatigue fuelfreeze-drying cell hydroponicpsychology-isolation 13. Life depends on andsealsnailtube, their thein place environment.atube test a piece with a stopper. thetube inter-relation three-quarters of aquarium To show this, In anotherplant. full of water and place an aquarium In a third, similar test Suggested prom Activities, cont. SourceTeacher Materials Books: Allen, William, and Media Educational Dictionary of Technical placeenvironment a snail lifeand acan piece of plant.continue for the longest Notice in which period. TermsMannedBioastronauticsNASA ofSP-7, SpaceAerospace U.S. Center, DataGov tBook, Use NASA Sp3006Printing Office Washington D.C.: Ho....6ton, Texas: Suggested,1. Some studentsIndividual may Act_ studyIf we the are effects studying of wish to deviselack an ofexperiment exercise, whattvitieslack of exercise on an controls animal. to FederalGardner,OklahomaN.Y.: AviationHolt, MarjorieCity, Rinehart OklahomaAgency, H., Briefs, Houston, Texas: end Winston,Chemistry 1965 in the Space ha, Physiological Training, Manned 2. Make a study of the musttake(medical we alonguse to andon andental) extended that space astronauts insure purity of results? basic instruments and flight. Sez-ure some would need to medicines NavarraNASARow,ElementarySpace Educational Peterson Centerand Zafforoni,School and Co.,Teacher, 1960Science Today for the Evanston Ill.: 3.4. Study Study several a controlled kinds reproductionof these instruments and effectiveness if as environmentof inalgae which to snailsdetermine rates possible. the necessary amounts of food. and of TrinklinWashingtonViorst,N.Y.: Holt, andJudith, SquareHuffer,Rinehart projects: Press, Modern Inc., and Winston, 1961 Space, N.Y.: Space Science, 1962 oxygenalgaecontainer.devisesuch areasand a mice usedway mightofto feedingprovide be carbon dioxideCompare for life.the weights of used. the mice without opening You would have to the mice and the Other animals the Student Books: Hough,Chicago, Glenn Scott O., Foresman, et al., Scienceand Co., 1965Is AdventurieR, 5. For an experiment on p.plantssee 255. Science after ais few days. Adventuring, Scott Foresman, purifying water by filtering, 1965, Kavaler,Little,Dewey,Crosby,Into Space, AnneAlexander BrownLucy, Perkins, N.Y.: andThe and Co.,Wonders RobertLarrick, 1962 of Random House, 1959 Goddard, Boston: Algae, N.Y.:Nancy, RocUets Teacher Notes Wells,MacMillanJohnLittle,Lent, Day Robert,Henry Co., Brown,Company, B., 1961Alive and Man 1963 Company, inAlive Spacel in 1961 Outer Space, N.Y.: Boston: Films: FilmLosBalance AssociatesAngeles, of Life Calif. of and California, the Space 11014age, 12%Santa min., Monica, Teacher Notes, cont. TommyNASAExobiologicalcolor,Decontamination BiosatelliteLooks NASA at SafetySpace of ProgramSpace #603,HQ a65,Vehicles #16020 12%min., C, min., #HQ28 color, min.,35, color 17 NASA min., Student Evaluation Filmstrips: DawningSterling Space Movies Age, 55 frames with 33 1/3 record, 1. Do the students understand:a. that some provision to handlemadetemporary emergencyfor prolonged medical or trips and dentalinto space? needs must be EyeHazardsinManEncyclopediacolor, Gatein Space CivilHouse, Space #8865, BritannicaAir Inc.,Travel Patrol, 45 #131-G,frames, Films Maxwell 36color, frames,color,APB, Alabama d.b.e.c. some the ofimportance the processesproblems of formscontrolling ofof providingpreservingof dayalgae odorsthinking food?in food? present-in about living in space? (CommunicativeMan'sMedicalcolor,Space Preparation Jam ArtsandAspects HandySpace of forOrg.Travel, Space Space Flight,The Travel, Jam 24Handy 40 frames, frames, Org. color, g.f. somethe problemof the problemsof fatigue of ashuman aexplorationdefecation spacecraftfactor isolation? in and theofand space?urination? making provision for Other Materials: WallP.O. Chart, Box 11017, Lunar SanGarden, Diego, Communicative Calif., 92111 Arts, h.I. clothing space-suit materials design andand theirthe purposeshumanthe uses?space-suit? importance organism? of the of exercise to the Statement of the Problem LEARNING TO LIVE IN SPACE Background ManMan's is studyingbody is adaptedthe possibility to the conditions of extraterrestrial found on earth. life. If the conditions changed, even a little, life would appropriatebecome difficult conditions or impossible. need not necessarily resembleMuchConditionsIn thou isspace, beingon earthonman's learned other norbody planetsaboutmust must all our beprobably lifesuppliedplanet o preventand with other almostlife, heavenly 46the we same bodiesknow environment it. from satellites, as on earth. probes, and man's journeys However, most scientists agree that the compatible to earth forms. reasonablerefuelingwillinto be space.used anddegree bytake-off astronomers, of comfort, point forchemists,efficiency, spaceships. and and doctors freedom forIn of aorder movement.Etudy to of survive our earth and andto fulfillweather; the it missionsmay also assignedbe used asto ahim in space, man mustBut manlearn must to explorelive there further with toa gain more knowledge. Plans have been made for a space station which 1.Concepts Factors that determine lifeatmosphere, as we know gravity,it are temperature, and geology. suggested1. Experiment Group, Activitiesto find,out how light,plants temperature,are affected water.by d.b.c.a. What WhatHow isare doesis gravity? thelife? our conditions atmosphere necessary protectearth? lifefor life?on 2. Experiment: Take 3 candles ofcandlesthea3 planets.largesame light sizetolight andfeel to afterbulb representthe representingfirmness-offive minutes the thesqueeze wax.sun. each'Switch of theon Place candles at different distances from Row was g.f.e. HowWhat aredoes effect we gravity learning does affectgravity more you?abouthaveandatmosphere? onatmosphere?our our" earth 4.5.3: Make Experiment:Make a amobile model ofof thea apace solar station, system.eachChange candle a timemoon affected tocity, 15 oror by20 theminutes. heat from the bulb? Use lettuce leaves in place of candles. 2. Much knowledge is being learneda.and How man'sotherabout have journeys heavenlyoursatellites earth intobodies helped space.. from weather?in satellites,the study ofprobes, 7.6. PlanGrow andsome write seeds a byplay hydroponic of "LifeTounaorcity Life farming. inpeople'son aanotheron Moon Another ScienceCity", planet. Planet." Encyclopedia) (See lusselted Group Activities, cont. concepts, cont. b. c.What How information are us about the satellitesthe earth's found out about the moon have the satellites. shape? helping map makers? rca*yed tofrom 8.9. Plan Keep a avacation scrapbook to of currenttickets(Maps may made, be drawn,etc.) times the moon or to another planet. and distances figured,news about space 3. The possibility beingd.a. What Is studied. therehave we our satellites? life anywhere else of life on other in the universe? planets is 10. Trip toSuggested a planetarium. Individual throughout the year. Activities b.d.c. How WhatHow have do distanceswe about Venus and have our satellite learned about other Mars? from stars affect probes told us planets? the 1. Make charts of andflightsand their revolution into orbits, space, charts time layers of the atmosphere, altitude scales, the ofplanets the planets,and distance gravity tables, rotation man's chart 4. Man must develop space explorationand space ships of the in chances that life the purpose of a space universe.order to further hisexists on the stations, space ferries, station?planets? 2. Reports3. Reports and ondrawings Galileo, of thePioneer, planets. Surveyor, Nimbus, telescopes,of satellites: Dr. IMO= .von Tiros, Mariner, Ranger. Explorer, Anna, b.d.c.a. How WhatHow will willisequipment a peoplespace constructed? must a spaceand suppliesstation get up beto designed station contain? and the 4.5. Make Investigate a model ofknown a conditionsBraun,draw on conclusionsSir Isaac Newton. about life on satellite. another planet. them. other planets and e. What provisions man'sspace environment statiou? inside a space will be made for maintainingstation? 8.6.7. PlaceDraw Make a a a picture thermometerdiorama of of life lifeat on on temperature.large light bulb. Observe the differences in different distances from a another planet. Vocabularyaccelerationatmosphereastronautics payloadorbitgravity 10. Makes 9.drawings Compute of your a station weight on and docking platforms. the moon. in space with ferries geologyextraterrestrialdockingcentrifugeaxis revolutionproberotationsatellite TeacherSource MaterialsBooks: and Media Clark, Arthur C., The Challenge of the Spaceship, Moore,Media,AbelardLey, Willy,cont.Patrick, Schuman, Man-Made The 1956 Worlds Satellites, Around Us,N.Y.: N.Y.: Guild Press, 1958 N.Y.:Ispheir,WilliamCoombs,N.Y.: Putnam's Harper Morrow WilliamCharles, andSons,and and Gateway, Row,Co., Chester,1961 19591960 to Space,Michael, N.Y.: Moon Base, BeyondNephew,Chicago,:Pacilio,Parker., Mars,William JamesChildren'sMorris N.Y.: andV., Bertha, Putnam's Chester,Discovering Press, The Sons, Michael,1965Sun Aerospace, and1960 Its Family, Student Books: Harcourt,Schneider, BraceLeo, ,Spaceand World in YourInc., Future, 1961 N.Y.: Wyer,RandWhite,N.Y.:Astronomy, McNally, HarperRoseW. B. and N.Y.: Neighborsand1959 Ames, Row, Golden Gerald, 1962in Press,Space, New 1965N.Y.:Golden Book of Bryan,Holt,Bova,N.Y.:Bendick4 Rinehart Leslie,Ben,Franklin Jeanne, The andet UsesWatts, The al.,Winston, ofFirst FundamentalsInc.,Space, BookInc., 1963 N.Y.: of 1965 .Spaceof Aviation Travel, Films: YoungChildren Peo le'ss Press, Science 1962 Encyclopedia, N.Y.: Crosby,UniversityandInto Space Space, Alexander Technology, of N.Y.:Illinois, and Urbana,Larrick, 1966 Nancy, Rockets Random House, 1959 ProgramApollo12214Space Mission, andLakewood#2 "MoonInformation North Blvd.,Exploration", American SystemsDowney, Aviation,DouglasDivision,Calif., Aircraft90241 Co., Highland,RandDietz,Egan,N.Y.: McNally, David,PhilipRandom Harold S.,1961AllHouse, J., SpaceAbout Planets1962 ForSatellites Everyone, and Interplanetary and Chicago: Space Ships, LifeALocationAdvertising Trip on to OtherG-20, the Film Moon,Planets,Santa Services, EncyclopaediaMonica, NASA Dept. Calif. G-83 Britannica Films MaxtonHyde,Hutchinson,Travel, Publishers,Margaret, N.Y.: William MaxtonGrossetOff 1958 Intoand Publishers, and Spielberg,Space, Dunlap, N.Y.: 1958 Kurt,1962 Space Filmstrips: Centrifugal Force, McGraw-Hill McGrawThinkingJacobson,Hyde, andMargaret, Ahead HillCecilia, Bookin Flight Space, Lauby,Co., Today 1962N.Y.: J., and Konicek,Amer. Tomorrow, Book Richard, Co., N.Y.: 1965 The Solar System, SetMarsMercuryOurIntroduction 2, Sun N.Y.: and McGraw Venus to the-Hill Solar System Filmstrips, cont. BetweenandThe NeptuneGiant the Planets: Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, 1.Student Do the Evaluation children understand:a. conditions on earth necessary for life? McGraw -Hill TheThe Earth Earth as and a Planetits Mon, Series Set 1, b.c. that the thelimits place of ofspace a planetary travel living?kindtheand body solarspaceof inlife? system helps to determine the WaltEncyclopaedia Disney's Space Britannica and the Films Atom,ManHow Informationin Wilmette,Space Space Travel Ill. from Helps the UsSatellites 3.2. DidDo thethe childrenchildren realizeform the that mightconclusionforms man differ mustof thatlife learnfrom on life other on planetaryearth? bodies Jam Handy Organization, Detroit,FlightHowTravel Niche an into Astronautin SpaceSpace Lives in Space 5.4. HaveDo the the children children realize realized thework the constructedtoimportance oflivevalue our in manof space andbases? a-made space with satellites? the help of specially Transparencies: WhatSpaceSpace are Stations *andSpace Space Stations Travel 6. Do the children realize thatoflawsinstation toall, space, liveof which theand successfullyor universefurtherincludeson earth, space andfurther man use exploration?must themexploration? understand for the benefit the Teacher Notes SolarSpaceflight, System, Chicago:Chicago: Denoyer-GeppertDenoyer-Geppert Co.Co. EVALUATION FOR AEROSPACE SCIENCE AUIVITIES Mrs.When1. Karenyou have Timmons, completed Lincoln, this section Did you cover all material in this Nebraska, PSAr * please complete this unit?evaluation sheet and send it to Do YES not sign your name. NO 2. IsIf thisNO which material problems suitable were forcovered? the grade? YES NO 4.3. Did you have difficulty obtaining Was the area too broad? materials? YESYES NONO 6.S. GoodListAre theGroup concepts Activities valuable? that you think are: YES NO 7. PoorGoodList Individual Activities that you think are: +10 8. WhatPoor other interesting ideas did you use? Please list. 'MINIMINIMP.N. 11=1MIL 9. *How Aerospace would you Curriculum alter the Developmentformat? Project, Lincoln Public Schools, 720 South 22nd St aulmallapilame * IMPORTANT: YOUR GRADE LEVEL 4ND