Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan
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344 KarasawaRevista Mexicana et al. de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 23, núm. 3, 2006, p. 344-349 A new member of the Family Prosopidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan Hiroaki Karasawa1, *, Hisayoshi Kato2, and Kazunobu Terabe3 1 Mizunami Fossil Museum, Yamanouchi, Akeyo, Mizunami, Gifu 509-6132, Japan. 2 Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Aoba, Chiba 260-8682, Japan. 3 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan. * [email protected] ABSTRACT A new genus and species (Decapoda: Brachyura: Prosopidae) is described from the lower Cretaceous Sebayashi Formation of Gunma Prefecture, Japan. It represents the second and oldest record of the Family Prosopidae from the North Pacifi c realm. A checklist of all known species of the Mesozoic Decapoda from Japan is included. Key words: Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Prosopidae, Cretaceous, Japan. RESUMEN Un nuevo género y nueva especie (Decapoda: Brachyura: Prosopidae) es descrito del Cretácico Inferior de la Formación Sebayashi, Perfectura de Gunma, Japón. Representa el segundo y más antiguo registro de la Familia Prosopidae en el dominio del Pacífi co Norte. Se incluye una lista de las especies conocidas de Decapoda mesozoicos de Japón. Palabras clave: Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Prosopidae, Cretácico, Japón. INTRODUCTION is presented (see Table 1). The specimens were collected from the sandstone The Prosopidae von Meyer, 1860, an extinct fam- portion of alternating sandstone and mudstone within the ily within the Superfamily Homolodromioidea Alcock, “Upper Member” of the Sebayashi Formation (Matsukawa, 1899, comprises three subfamilies, Prosopinae von Meyer, 1983) exposed at Sebayashi, Kanna-cho (Lat 36°4′1″N, 1860, Pithonotinae Glaessner, 1933, and Glaessneropsinae Long 138°50′20″E), Gunma Prefecture. Matsukawa (1983) Patrulius, 1960. Besides the Danian occurrence of indicated, based upon mollusks, that the geologic age Plagiophthalmus Bell, 1863 (Segerberg, 1900), all genera of the Sebayashi Formation is upper Barremian–Aptian. are known from the Jurassic to Cretaceous (Müller et al., The Decapoda-bearing sandstone yields an ammonite 2000). Previously known members of the Prosopidae are fauna containing Barremites sp. and Pseudohaploceras mainly recorded from the Tethys realm (Müller et al., sp., which is similar to the Barremian fauna reported by 2000). The purpose of the present paper is to describe Matsukawa (1983). a new genus and new species of a prosopid from the The specimens are housed in the Gunma Museum Lower Cretaceous of Japan. In addition, a checklist of of Natural History (GMNH), Tomioka, Gunma 370-2345, all known species of the Mesozoic Decapoda from Japan Japan, and the Mizunami Fossil Museum (MFM). New Prosopidae crab from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan 345 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY the genus extends the geologic range for the family known from the North Pacifi c rim back to the early Cretaceous. Family Prosopidae von Meyer, 1860 Subfamily Prosopinae von Meyer, 1860 Genus Nipponopon new genus Nipponopon hasegawai new species Figures 1a-c, 2a- c Diagnosis. As for the species. Diagnosis. Moderated-sized prosopid. Carapace slightly Etymology. A contraction of Nippon and Prosopon. wider than long, widest at posterior fi fth, strongly vaulted. Rostrum short, triangular, steeply downturned, with deep Geologic range. Early Cretaceous (Barremian). median sulcus. Upper orbital margin with two weak fi s- sures; inner orbital margin projecting beyond upper orbital Discussion. The present new genus may be most similar to margin. Lateral margin strongly divergent posteriorly with Rathbunopon Stenzel, 1945, among the known prosopine short epibranchial spine. Dorsal regions well defined. genera, but differs in that the carapace is slightly wider than Epigastric tubercles present. Mesogastric region infl ated long and triangular in outline, the protogastric region bears with three tubercles. Protogastric region with three pointed three pointed tubercles, the cervical groove is complete tubercles. Cervical and branchiocardiac grooves deep, and deep, and the urogastric region is weakly bilobed and broad. Urogastric region divided into two by shallow is not ornamented with two transverse ridges. Members of median depression. Cardiac region pentagonal, strongly the Pithonotinae have usually smooth dorsal carapace and ridged. Mesobranchial and metabranchial regions confl u- complete lateral margins; therefore, Nipponopon is readily ent, strongly tumid. distinguished from them. Nipponopon also differs from Glaessneropsis Patrulius, 1960, a sole included genus of Description. Moderated-sized prosopid. Carapace slightly the Glaessneropsinae by lacking a wide, crown-shaped ros- wider than long, widest at posterior fi fth, strongly vaulted trum and strong orbital spines, both of which are diagnostic transversely and longitudinally. Frontorbital margin about characters of the Glaessneropsinae. two-thirds of carapace width. Frontal margin steeply down- The Prosopidae has been well known from the Jurassic turned; rostrum short, triangular in outline. Orbits trans- and Cretaceous of the Tethys realm (Müller et al., 2000). versely oval, directed anterolaterally; upper margin with Prosopids occurring outside the Tethys realm have been two weak orbital notches; inner margin projecting beyond Ekalakia lamberti Bishop, 1976, Plagiophthalmus bjorki upper margin. Lateral margin strongly divergent posteriorly, Bishop and Williams, 2000, and Rugafarius fredrichi not defi ned as sharp edges, with reentrants at cervical and Bishop, 1985, from the Campanian of the Western Interior, branchiocardiac grooves; epibranchial spine present, short, USA, Oonoton woodi Glaessner, 1980, from the Albian of directed laterally; posterolateral corners smoothly rounded. Australia, Pithonoton infl atum Collins and Karasawa, 1993, Posterior margin short, gently convex. from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Plagiophthalmus Dorsal regions well defi ned. Frontal region with deep collinsi Feldmann, Tshudy and Thomson, 1993, from median sulcus. Epigastric tubercles well defi ned, directed the Campanian of Antarctica, and Rathbunopon polyak- anteriorly. Mesogastric region infl ated, triangular, bearing ron Stenzel, 1945, from the Cenomanian of the Western three tubercles in an inverted triangle. Protogastric region Interior, USA. Thus, Nipponopon is the second record of the surmounted by three pointed tubercles situated at antero- Prosopidae from the North Pacifi c realm and recognition of distal, proximomedial, and posterodistal areas. Cervical a) c) b) Figure 1. Nipponopon hasegawai new genus, new species. Holotype GMNH-PI-1701. a: dorsal view; b: frontal view; c: lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm. Table 1. Checklist of species of Decapoda known from the Mesozoic deposits of Japan, with the geologic range and original generic status. A total of 26 species is known from the Mesozoic deposits of Japan. 346 Species [Age] Infraorder Section Subsection Superfamily Family Genus Polychelida Wood- Eryonoidea de Haan, Coleiidae Van Straelen, Coleia Broderip, 1835 Coleia uzume Karasawa, Takahashi, Doi, and Ishida, Mason, 1874 1941 1924 2003 [Carnian, Late Triassic] Achelata Scholtz and Palinuroidea Latreille, Linuparus White, 1847 Linuparus japonicus Nagao, 1931 [Turonian- Palinuridae Latreille, 1802 Richter, 1995 1802 Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous] Glyphea yoshiakii Kato and Karasawa, 2006, as Hoploparia sp. (Karasawa, 2000) [Barremian, Glypheidae Zittel, Glyphea von Meyer, 1835 Early Cretaceous] Glypheidea Zittel, 1885 Glypheoidea Zittel, 1885 Glyphea sp., Kato and Karasawa, 2006 [Tithonian 1885 - Berriasian, Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous] Mecochiridae Van Meyeria M’Coy, 1849 “Meyeria” sp., Koseki et al., 1991 [Valanginian, early Straelen, 1924 Cretaceous] Uncinoidea Beurlen, Uncinidae Beurlen, Uncina pacifi ca Schweigert, Garassino, Hall, Hauff, Uncina Quenstedt, 1851 1928 1928 and Karasawa, 2003 [Thoarcian, Early Jurassic] Chilenonephroberidae Tillocheles kaoriae Yokoi and Karasawa, 2000 Tillocheles Woods, 1957 Karasawa etal. Tshudy and Babcock, 1997 [Cenomanian-Turonian, Late Cretaceous] Astacidea Latreille, 1802 Hoploparia kamuy Karasawa and Hayakawa, 2000 Nephropoidea Dana, [Turonian-Santonian, Late Cretaceous] 1852 Nephropidae Dana, Hoploparia kamimurai Kato and Karasawa, 2006 Hoploparia M’Coy, 1849 1852 [Barremian, Early Cretaceous] Hoploparia miyamotoi Karasawa, 1998 [Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous] Micheleidae Sakai, Paki Karasawa and Paki rurkonsimpu Karasawa and Hayakawa, 2000 Axioidea Huxley, 1879 1992 Hayakawa, 2000 [Campanian, Late Cretaceous] Callianassa ezoensis Nagao, 1932 [Campanian- Thalassinidea Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous] Latreille, 1831 Callianassoidea Dana, Callianassa Leach, “Callianassa” (s.l.) masanorii Karasawa, 1998 Callianassidae Dana, 1852 1852 1814 [Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous] Callianassa (s. l.) sakakuraorum Karasawa, 2000 [Barremian, Early Cretaceous] Eomunidopsis Via Boada, Eomunidopsis kojimai Karasawa and Hayakawa, 2000 1981 [Santonian, Late Cretaceous] Galatheoidea Samouelle, Galatheidae Samouelle, Luisogalathea Karasawa Luisogalathea tomitai Karasawa and Hayakawa, 2000 Anomala Boas, 1880 1819 1819 and Hayakawa, 2000 [Santonian, Late Cretaceous] Paragalathea Patrulius, Paragalathea miyakoensis Takeda and Fujiyama, 1960 1983 [Late Aptian, Early Cretaceous] Table 1. (Continued) Infraorder Section Subsection Superfamily Family Genus Species [Age] Nipponopon hasegawai new species [Barremian, Nipponopon new genus Homolodromioidea