Erica Marie Field
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Skill Versus Voice in Local Development
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SKILL VERSUS VOICE IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT Katherine Casey Rachel Glennerster Edward Miguel Maarten Voors Working Paper 25022 http://www.nber.org/papers/w25022 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 September 2018 We thank Samuel Asher, Angélica Eguiguren, Andrés Felipe Rodriguez, Erin Iyigun, Mirella Schrijvers, Eleanor Wiseman and the Innovations for Poverty Action team in Freetown for excellent research assistance and fieldwork. We thank the Decentralization Secretariat, the GoBifo Project, Local Councillors in Bombali and Bonthe districts, and a panel of experts for their collaboration. We thank the Editor and referees, as well as Mike Callen, Macartan Humphreys, Ken Opalo, Ann Swidler, Eva Vivalt and numerous seminar participants, for valuable comments. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the UK Economic and Social Research Council, the Governance Initiative at JPAL, NWO 451-14-001 and the Stanford Institute for Innovation in Developing Economies. All errors are our own. This study was pre- registered on the AEA registry: https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/1784. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research or the Department for International Development. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2018 by Katherine Casey, Rachel Glennerster, Edward Miguel, and Maarten Voors. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. -
Allied Social Science Associations Atlanta, GA January 3–5, 2010
Allied Social Science Associations Atlanta, GA January 3–5, 2010 Contract negotiations, management and meeting arrangements for ASSA meetings are conducted by the American Economic Association. i ASSA_Program.indb 1 11/17/09 7:45 AM Thanks to the 2010 American Economic Association Program Committee Members Robert Hall, Chair Pol Antras Ravi Bansal Christian Broda Charles Calomiris David Card Raj Chetty Jonathan Eaton Jonathan Gruber Eric Hanushek Samuel Kortum Marc Melitz Dale Mortensen Aviv Nevo Valerie Ramey Dani Rodrik David Scharfstein Suzanne Scotchmer Fiona Scott-Morton Christopher Udry Kenneth West Cover Art is by Tracey Ashenfelter, daughter of Orley Ashenfelter, Princeton University, former editor of the American Economic Review and President-elect of the AEA for 2010. ii ASSA_Program.indb 2 11/17/09 7:45 AM Contents General Information . .iv Hotels and Meeting Rooms ......................... ix Listing of Advertisers and Exhibitors ................xxiv Allied Social Science Associations ................. xxvi Summary of Sessions by Organization .............. xxix Daily Program of Events ............................ 1 Program of Sessions Saturday, January 2 ......................... 25 Sunday, January 3 .......................... 26 Monday, January 4 . 122 Tuesday, January 5 . 227 Subject Area Index . 293 Index of Participants . 296 iii ASSA_Program.indb 3 11/17/09 7:45 AM General Information PROGRAM SCHEDULES A listing of sessions where papers will be presented and another covering activities such as business meetings and receptions are provided in this program. Admittance is limited to those wearing badges. Each listing is arranged chronologically by date and time of the activity; the hotel and room location for each session and function are indicated. CONVENTION FACILITIES Eighteen hotels are being used for all housing. -
Personalities and Public Sector Performance: Evidence from a Health Experiment in Pakistan
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PERSONALITIES AND PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM A HEALTH EXPERIMENT IN PAKISTAN Michael Callen Saad Gulzar Ali Hasanain Muhammad Yasir Khan Arman Rezaee Working Paper 21180 http://www.nber.org/papers/w21180 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02138 May 2015, Revised April 2018 We thank Farasat Iqbal (Punjab Health Sector Reforms Project) for championing and implementing the project and Asim Fayaz and Zubair Bhatti (World Bank) for designing the smartphone monitoring program. Support is provided by the International Growth Centre (IGC) state capabilities program, the IGC Pakistan country office, and the University of California Office of the President Lab Fees Research Program Grant #235855. Callen was supported by grant #FA9550-09-1- 0314 from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank Tahir Andrabi, Eli Berman, Ali Cheema, Julie Cullen, Clark Gibson, Naved Hamid, Gordon Hanson, Asim Khwaja, Jennifer Lerner, Jane Mansbridge, Edward Miguel, Craig McIntosh, Ijaz Nabi, Rohini Pande, ChristopherWoodruff, and seminar participants at UC Berkeley, UC Los Angeles Anderson, UC San Diego, Paris School of Economics, New York University, University of Washington, Harvard Kennedy School, and participants at the IGC Political Economy Group, Development and Conflict Research (DACOR), Pacific Development (PacDev), New England Universities Development Consortium (NEUDC), Southern California Conference in Applied Microeconomics (SoCCAM), Bay Area Behavioral and Experimental Economics Workshop (BABEEW), Symposium on Economic Experiments in Developing Countries (SEEDEEC), and the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD) conferences for insightful comments. Excellent research assistance was provided by Muhammad Zia Mehmood. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. -
The Political Economy of IMF Surveillance
The Centre for International Governance Innovation WORKING PAPER Global Institutional Reform The Political Economy of IMF Surveillance DOMENICO LOMBARDI NGAIRE WOODS Working Paper No. 17 February 2007 An electronic version of this paper is available for download at: www.cigionline.org Building Ideas for Global ChangeTM TO SEND COMMENTS TO THE AUTHOR PLEASE CONTACT: Domenico Lombardi Nuffield College, Oxford [email protected] Ngaire Woods University College, Oxford [email protected] THIS PAPER IS RELEASED IN CONJUNCTION WITH: The Global Economic Governance Programme University College High Street Oxford, OX1 4BH United Kingdom Global Economic http://www.globaleconomicgovernance.org Governance Programme If you would like to be added to our mailing list or have questions about our Working Paper Series please contact [email protected] The CIGI Working Paper series publications are available for download on our website at: www.cigionline.org The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Centre for International Governance Innovation or its Board of Directors and /or Board of Governors. Copyright © 2007 Domenico Lombardi and Ngaire Woods. This work was carried out with the support of The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (www.cigi online.org). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution - Non-commercial - No Derivatives License. To view this license, visit (www.creativecom mons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/). For re-use or distribution, please include this copyright notice. CIGI WORKING PAPER Global Institutional Reform The Political Economy of IMF Surveillance* Domenico Lombardi Ngaire Woods Working Paper No.17 February 2007 * This project was started when Domenico Lombardi was at the IMF - the opinions expressed in this study are of the authors alone and do not involve the IMF, the World Bank, or any of their member countries. -
Rohini Pande
ROHINI PANDE 27 Hillhouse Avenue 203.432.3637(w) PO Box 208269 [email protected] New Haven, CT 06520-8269 https://campuspress.yale.edu/rpande EDUCATION 1999 Ph.D., Economics, London School of Economics 1995 M.Sc. in Economics, London School of Economics (Distinction) 1994 MA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Oxford University 1992 BA (Hons.) in Economics, St. Stephens College, Delhi University PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ACADEMIC POSITIONS 2019 – Henry J. Heinz II Professor of Economics, Yale University 2018 – 2019 Rafik Hariri Professor of International Political Economy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University 2006 – 2018 Mohammed Kamal Professor of Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University 2005 – 2006 Associate Professor of Economics, Yale University 2003 – 2005 Assistant Professor of Economics, Yale University 1999 – 2003 Assistant Professor of Economics, Columbia University VISITING POSITIONS April 2018 Ta-Chung Liu Distinguished Visitor at Becker Friedman Institute, UChicago Spring 2017 Visiting Professor of Economics, University of Pompeu Fabra and Stanford Fall 2010 Visiting Professor of Economics, London School of Economics Spring 2006 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley Fall 2005 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, Columbia University 2002 – 2003 Visiting Assistant Professor of Economics, MIT CURRENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES 2019 – Director, Economic Growth Center Yale University 2019 – Co-editor, American Economic Review: Insights 2014 – IZA -
Family Planning & Reproductive Health
GENDER | HEALTH | TOPICAL BRIEF MAY 2019 Family Planning & Reproductive Health PHOTO: AUDE GUERRUCCI While much progress has been made in global health over the last decade, advancement has been slower on certain key indicators such as maternal mortality. Contraception and family planning can reduce the risk of maternal mortality and other health complications associated with high fertility rates, early pregnancies, and short birth spacing, but women around the world continue to report a large unmet need for contraception. Low use of family planning and contraception is a particular concern in sub-Saharan Africa because of persistently high rates of HIV/AIDS and a highest incidence of maternal mortality. For every 100,000 live births, 547 women died in childbirth in sub- Saharan Africa in 2015, according to the World Bank. Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA), along with academic researchers and implementing partners, conducts rigorous research on reproductive health to identify cost-effective ways to increase access to and use of family planning and reproductive health services, reduce the incidence of high-risk pregnancies, and improve the quality of services. Previous research has included testing the impact of providing information about risk to different populations, removing fees for contraception, providing families with incentives to delay the marriage of their daughters, and has investigated other critical questions (read more below). While a body of evidence is emerging on this topic, policymakers and implementers need more evidence -
An Experiment in Candidate Selection
An Experiment in Candidate Selection Katherine Casey* Abou Bakarr Kamara Niccoló F. Meriggi Stanford Graduate School of International Growth Centre International Growth Centre Business and NBER [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] THIS VERSION: 29 August 2019 Abstract Are ordinary citizens or political party leaders better positioned to select candidates? While the direct vote primary system in the United States lets citizens choose, it is exceptional, as the vast majority of democracies rely instead on party officials to appoint or nominate candidates. Theoretically, the consequences of these distinct design choices on the selectivity of the overall electoral system are unclear: while party leaders may be better informed about candidate qualifications, they may value traits—like party loyalty or willingness to pay for the nomination— at odds with identifying the best performer. To make progress on this question, we partnered with both major political parties in Sierra Leone to experimentally vary how much say voters, as opposed to party officials, have in selecting Parliamentary candidates. We find evidence that more democratic selection procedures increase the likelihood that parties select the candidate most preferred by voters, favor candidates with stronger records of local public goods provision, and alter the allocation of payments from potential candidates to parties. JEL Codes: D72, H1, P16 Keywords: political selection, information constraints, primaries ____________________________ * Corresponding author: 655 Knight Way, Stanford CA 94305, +1 (650) 725-2167. We thank the All People’s Congress, the Sierra Leone People’s Party, Search for Common Ground, the Political Parties Registration Commission, and the National Electoral Commission of Sierra Leone for their collaboration. -
Rohini Pande
ROHINI PANDE R 340 Harvard Kennedy School 617.384.5267 (w) 79 John F. Kennedy Street [email protected] Cambridge, MA 02138 http://scholar.harvard.edu/rpande P.O. Box 208269 EDUCATION 1999 Ph.D., Economics, London School of Economics 1995 M.Sc. in Economics, London School of Economics (Distinction) 1994 MA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Oxford University 1992 BA (Hons.) in Economics, St. Stephens College, Delhi University PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ACADEMIC POSITIONS 2018 – present Rafik Hariri Professor of International Political Economy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University 2006 – 2017 Mohammed Kamal Professor of Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University 2005 – 2006 Associate Professor of Economics, Yale University 2003 – 2005 Assistant Professor of Economics, Yale University 1999 – 2003 Assistant Professor of Economics, Columbia University VISITING POSITIONS April 2018 Ta-Chung Liu Distinguished Visitor at Becker Friedman Institute, UChicago Spring 2017 Visiting Professor of Economics, University of Pompeu Fabra and Stanford Fall 2010 Visiting Professor of Economics, London School of Economics 2005 – 2006 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley and Columbia University 2002 – 2003 Visiting Assistant Professor of Economics, MIT NON-ACADEMIC POSITIONS 2012 – present Area Chair for International Development, Harvard Kennedy School 2011 – present Founder and Co-Director, Evidence for Policy Design (EPoD), Harvard Kennedy School 2008 – present Board Member, Bureau for -
Erica M. Field ______
ERICA M. FIELD _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Department of Economics Phone (919) 660-1857 Duke University Fax (919) 684-8974 319 Social Sciences Bldg [email protected] Durham, NC 27708-0097 http://sites.duke.edu/ericafield/ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2015 – Professor of Economics and Global Health, Duke University 2011 – 2015 Associate Professor of Economics and Global Health, Duke University 2010 – 2011 John L. Loeb Associate Professor of Social Science (Economics), Harvard University 2005 – 2009 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Harvard University 2009 – 2010 National Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University 2006 – 2007 Visiting Member, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 2006 – 2007 Visiting Faculty, Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton University 2003 – 2004 Post-doctoral Research Fellow, RWJ Scholars in Health Policy Research, Harvard FIELDS OF INTEREST: Development Economics, Economic Demography, Health PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Co-director, DevLab@Duke Faculty Research Fellow (Development), National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Fellow, Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD) Member, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) EDUCATION 2003 Ph.D, MA Department of Economics, Princeton University 1996 -
Rohini Pande
ROHINI PANDE R 318 Harvard Kennedy School Tel: 617.384.5267 79 John F. Kennedy Street Fax: 617.495.2575 Cambridge, MA 02138 [email protected] P.O. Box 208269 http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/rpande/ EDUCATION 1999 Ph.D., Economics, London School of Economics 1995 M.Sc. in Economics, London School of Economics (Distinction) 1994 MA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Oxford University 1992 BA (Hons.) in Economics, St. Stephens College, Delhi University CURRENT AND PREVIOUS PRINCIPAL POSITIONS July 2006 – Mohammed Kamal Professor of Public Policy, Kennedy School, Harvard University 2005 – 2006 Associate Professor of Economics, Yale University 2003 – 2005 Assistant Professor of Economics, Yale University 1999 – 2002 Assistant Professor of Economics, Columbia University VISITING POSITIONS Fall 2010 Visiting Professor of Economics, London School of Economics Spring 2006 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley Fall 2005 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, Columbia University 2002 – 2003 Visiting Assistant Professor of Economics, MIT PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Faculty Research Associate, Political Economy Program, NBER Board Member, BREAD Research Affiliate, Public Policy Program and Development Economics Program, CEPR Board Member at Large, Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession Board of Directors and Co-Chair, Governance Initiative, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, MIT Research Associate, Governance Group, International Food Policy Research Institute EDITORIAL RESPONSIBILITIES 2008 – Board of Editors, American Economic Review 2009 – Associate Editor, Journal of Economic Perspectives 2004 – Associate Editor, Journal of Development Economics 2007 – Associate Editor, Review of Economics and Statistics FIELDS OF INTEREST Development Economics, Political Economy, and Gender Economics PUBLISHED AND FORTHCOMING PAPERS “Just Rewards? Local Politics and Public Resource Allocation in South India,” with Timothy Besley and Vijayendra Rao. -
How Effective Is Community Driven Development
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RESHAPING INSTITUTIONS: EVIDENCE ON EXTERNAL AID AND LOCAL COLLECTIVE ACTION Katherine Casey Rachel Glennerster Edward Miguel Working Paper 17012 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17012 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2011 We wish to thank the GoBifo Project staff—Minkahil Bangura, Kury Cobham, John Lebbie, Dan Owen and Sullay Sesay—and the Institutional Reform and Capacity Building Project (IRCBP) staff—Liz Foster, Emmanuel Gaima, Alhassan Kanu, S.A.T. Rogers and Yongmei Zhou—without whose cooperation this research would not have been possible. We are grateful for excellent research assistance from John Bellows, Mame Fatou Diagne, Mark Fiorello, Philip Kargbo, Angela Kilby, Gianmarco León, Tom Polley, Tristan Reed, Arman Rezaee, Alex Rothenberg and David Zimmer. Jim Fearon, Brian Knight, Kaivan Munshi, Gerard Roland, Ann Swidler and seminar audiences at the Center for Global Development, Brown, MIT, NEUDC, WGAPE, and U.C. Berkeley have provided helpful comments. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the GoBifo Project, the IRCBP, the World Bank Development Impact Evaluation (DIME) initiative, the Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation, the International Growth Centre, the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, and the National Bureau of Economic Research African Successes Project (funded by the Gates Foundation). All errors remain our own. Corresponding author: Edward Miguel ([email protected]) The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2011 by Katherine Casey, Rachel Glennerster, and Edward Miguel. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. -
How to Improve Education Outcomes Most Efficiently? a Comparison of 150 Interventions Using the New Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling Metric Noam Angrist, David K
How to Improve Education Outcomes Most Efficiently? A Comparison of 150 Interventions Using the New Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling Metric Noam Angrist, David K. Evans, Deon Filmer, Rachel Glennerster, F. Halsey Rogers, and Shwetlena Sabarwal Abstract Many low- and middle-income countries lag far behind high-income countries in educational access and student learning. Limited resources mean that policymakers must make tough choices about which investments to make to improve education. Although hundreds of education interventions have been rigorously evaluated, making comparisons between the results is challenging. Some studies report changes in years of schooling; others report changes in learning. Standard deviations, the metric typically used to report learning gains, measure gains relative to a local distribution of test scores. This metric makes it hard to judge if the gain is worth the cost in absolute terms. This paper proposes using learning-adjusted years of schooling (LAYS)—which combines access and quality and compares gains to an absolute, cross-country standard—as a new metric for reporting gains from education interventions. The paper applies LAYS to compare the effectiveness (and cost-effectiveness, where cost is available) of interventions from 150 impact evaluations across 46 countries. The results show that some of the most cost-effective programs deliver the equivalent of three additional years of high-quality schooling (that is, schooling at quality comparable to the highest-performing education systems) for just $100 per child—compared with zero years for other classes of interventions. Keywords: Education; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Government Policies; Government Expenditures; Impact Evaluations JEL: H43, H520, I2 Working Paper 558 October 2020 www.cgdev.org How to Improve Education Outcomes Most Efficiently? A Comparison of 150 Interventions Using the New Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling Metric Noam Angrist University of Oxford and the World Bank David K.