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Revista Caatinga ISSN: 0100-316X [email protected] Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido Brasil QUEIROZ MATIAS, LIGIA A SYNOPSIS OF ALISMATACEAE FROM THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL Revista Caatinga, vol. 23, núm. 4, octubre-diciembre, 2010, pp. 46-53 Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido Mossoró, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=237116350008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido ISSN 0100-316X (impresso) Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação ISSN 1983-2125 (online) http://periodicos.ufersa.edu.br/index.php/sistema A SYNOPSIS OF ALISMATACEAE FROM THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL 1 LIGIA QUEIROZ MATIAS 2 ABSTRACT - The Alismataceae (excluded Limnocharitaceae) comprises twelve genera of herbaceous aquatic plants. Only two of its genera ( Echinodorus and Sagittaria ) are native to the Neotropics. A survey of the speci- es of Alismataceae confirmed the occurrence of four taxa of Sagittaria and eleven of Echinodorus from the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Analytical keys to differentiate the genera and species are provided, as well as illustrations of their taxonomic characteristics and data on their geographical distribution. Echinodorus macrocarpus to be considered synonymous with E. pubescens. Echinodorus reticulatus is considered as a diffe- rent species from E. longipetalus . There are five excluded taxa from the Brazilian semi-arid region: E. grandi- florus , E. macrophyllus , E. martii, E. bolivianus , and E. decumbens . Keywords : Echinodorus . Sagittaria . Hydrophytes. Monocotyledons. Wetlands. SINOPSE DE ALISMATACEAE DA REGIÃO SEMIÁRIDA DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL RESUMO - A família Alismataceae (excluindo Limnocharitaceae) compreende doze gêneros de plantas herbá- ceas aquáticas. Apenas dois gêneros ( Echinodorus e Sagittaria ) são nativos da região Neotropical. O levanta- mento das espécies de Alismataceae confirmou a ocorrência de quatro taxa de Sagittaria e onze de Echinodo- rus para a região semi-árida do nordeste do Brasil. Chaves analíticas para gêneros e espécies são fornecidas, assim como ilustrações das características taxonômicas e dados de distribuição geográfica. Echinodorus macro- carpus foi considerado sinônimo de E. pubescens. Echinodorus reticulatus foi tratado como uma espécie distin- ta de E. longipetalus . Cinco taxa não foram confirmados para a região semi-árida brasileira: E. grandiflorus , E. macrophyllus , E. martii, E. bolivianus e E. decumbens . Palavras-chave : Echinodorus. Sagittaria . Hidrófitos. Monocotiledôneas. Áreas alagadas _____________ Recebido para publicação em 29/01/2010; aceito em 05/09/2010. 2Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, bloco 906, Campus do Pici, 60.451-760, Fortaleza – CE; [email protected] 46 Revista Caatinga , Mossoró, v. 23, n. 4, p. 46-53, out.-dez., 2010 A SYNOPSIS OF ALISMATACEAE FROM THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL L. Q. MATIAS INTRODUCTION 969.589,4 km 2 (MINISTÉRIO DA INTEGRAÇÃO NACIONAL, 2005) and comprises different regional The family Alismataceae demonstrates sub- rainfall regimes; with the rainy season extending cosmopolitan distribution and comprises 12 genera from January to February in the western and south- (HAYNES et al., 1998). Echinodorus and Sagittaria ern sectors, and from March to April in the north. A are the only neotropical genera of this family, and BSh climate prevails and the average monthly tem- o they demonstrate the greatest species richness perature is 26-27 during the dry season, with (FASSET, 1955; ROGERS, 1983). marked diurnal fluctuations (ANDRADE LIMA, There is a phytogeographical importance of 1981). Northeastern Brazilian semi-arid regions pre- the family Alismataceae in the new world because sent saline aquatic ecosystems with low concentra- the large numbers of species present in tropical re- tions during the rain season. gions (principally in South America) (LOT; Intermittent shallow lakes and streams are NOVELO, 1984). Haynes; Holm-Nielsen (1989) common in these semi-arid areas, and most aquatic consider South America to be the primary center of ecosystems dry up completely for periods of from 3 diversity of the genus Echinodorus . This species to 9 months. The siliceous soil of the region is often diversity is very marked in Brazil, with Echinodorus highly impermeable (MALTCHICK et al., 1999). being represented by 18 taxa, although Sagittaria has The present work was based on the study of only six (HAYNES; HOLM-NIELSEN, 1994). The herbarium collections, observations and collections Sagittaria genus, on the other hand, demonstrates of plant populations in the field, and detailed mor- greater species diversity in the temperate regions of phological examination of plant structures. Cata- North America. logued specimens were examined in the following The phylogeny of Echinodorus genus was herbaria (acronyms follow HOLMGREN et al., studied on the basis of morphological characters 1990): AAU, ALCB, B, BM, BR, CEUL , COR, CR, (LEHTONEN, 2006) and on the simultaneous cladis- EAC, F, GH, HRB, HST , HUEFS, IAN, ICN, INPA, tics analysis molecular and morphological data IPA, K, MAC, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, P, R, RB, (LEHTONEN; MYLLYS, 2008). The results showed S, SP, TEFH, U, UFMT, UNA, VEN. Current meth- Echinodorus to be polyphyletic and none of the cur- ods of collecting aquatic plants were used during rently proposed infrageneric classifications of the sampling (see HAYNES, 1984; CESKA, 1986), and genus were support in the light of phylogenetic stud- all collections were deposited at the EAC and ICN ies. Feitoza et al. (2010) showed similar cytotax- Herbaria. Only a small number of select herbarium onomic patterns between species of Alismataceae. collections are cited in the text, but the complete The Echinodorus and Sagittaria species are charac- specimen list (579 were examined from northeastern terized by a strongly bimodal karyotype, with 2n = Brazil) is available on request. All specimens cited 22 and karyotypic formula 2m + 20a. were examined by the author. The taxonomic treat- The semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil is ment followed Haynes; Holm-Nielsen (1994) and typified by alternating periods of drought and heavy Lehtonen (2008). rainfall in lowland areas, and species of Echinodorus and Sagittaria can be found in shallow lakes or marshes bordering both intermittent and perennial RESULTS AND DISCUSSION streams. A majority of these species are cryptophytes that have decentralized subterranean systems com- KEY TO THE GENENA posed of rhizomes with perennial buds that can resist 1. Monoecious flowers............................... Sagittaria long periods of drought. 1´.Dioecious flowers.............................. Echinodorus The present work presents a taxonomic syn- opsis of the species of Alismataceae (excluded Lim- KEY TO THE SPECIES OF Echinodorus nocharitaceae) found in wetlands throughout the 1. Plants slender, malleable; subterranean system semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, with analyti- centralized, uniform; inflorescence reduced, umbelli- cal keys to differentiate the genera and species as ferous……………………………...…...1. E. tenellus well as illustrations of their more specific taxonomic 1´. Plants thick, stiff; subterranean system decentral- characteristics. There are few studies about the her- ized, not uniform; inflorescence not umbelliferous...2 baceous flora from Brazilian semi-arid region 2. Flowers with 12 sta- (ANDRADE et al., 2009; PORTO et al., 2009). Es- mens……………………………………….……..3 pecially on the aquatic ecosystems. 2´. Flowers with more than twelve sta- mens……………………………………….………..7 3. Leaf lamina wide-ovate to ovate, base cordate, MATERIAL AND METHODS apex rounded to slightly retuse; petiole round in transversal section, glabrous; rhizome claviform; The study region is located in northeastern stamens with dorsal secretory struc- Brazil, whose semi-arid region covers approximately tures………………..……………..2. E. glandulosus Revista Caatinga , Mossoró, v. 23, n. 4, p. 46-53, out.-dez., 2010 47 A SYNOPSIS OF ALISMATACEAE FROM THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL L. Q. MATIAS 3´. Leaf lamina ovate to elliptical-lanceolate, base Type: Brasil, Pernambuco, Tapera, riacho Toró, jul attenuated, cuneiform or truncates, apex acute to 1921, B. Pickel 64 (holotype: BRG n.v .; isotype: SP; obtuse; petiole never round in cross section, pubes- paratype RB). Fig. 1B. cent to glabrescent; rhizome fusiform to subfusiform; SELECTED COLLECTIONS. BRAZIL. Bahia, stamens without dorsal secretory struc- Feira de Santana, BA 52, estrada para Jaguará, L.P. tures…………………………………..…………..4 Queiroz 1711 (HUEFS); Ceará State, Aiuaba, Esta- 4. Plants pubescent; petiole triangular in cross sec- ção Ecológica de Aiuaba, Açude do Letreiro, 8 May tion…………….……...............3. E. pubescens 2002, L.Q. Matias 350 (EAC), Paraíba: Itapororoca, 4´. Plants glabrescent to glabrous, petiole pentagonal fazenda Macacos, 11 May 1995, L.P. Félix 7097 (rarely 3-sided) or semicircular in cross sec- (HST), Pernambuco: Gravatá, açude entre gravatá e tion…………………………………………….…..5 Bezerros, 9 Nov. 1997, L.P. Félix 8996 (HST). 5. Scape pentagonal or triangular in cross section, NOTE. Echinodorus glandulosus is endemic to large wings …………..……..5. E. palaefolius northeastern
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    Weed Risk Assessment for United States Echinodorus uruguayensis Arechav. Department of Agriculture (Alismataceae) – Uruguay sword plant Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service April 8, 2013 Version 1 Habit of E. uruguayensis in an aquarium (source: http://www.aquariumfish.co.za/pisces/plant_detail.php?details=10). Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Echinodorus uruguayensis Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is defined as “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use weed risk assessment (WRA)—specifically, the PPQ WRA model (Koop et al., 2012)—to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world. Because the PPQ WRA model is geographically and climatically neutral, it can be used to evaluate the baseline invasive/weed potential of any plant species for the entire United States or for any area within it.