Cornish American Heritage Society

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61

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is the announcement of our next Gathering. announcement next is the of our

Winter 2012 Winter

-

Dr. Benjamin Bruch to Teach an Introductory Course in Mineral Point

What is the Cornish language? Like many places in Britain, has its own dialect of English, and many people there still use dialect words or speak with a Cornish accent. But Kernewek, the Cornish language, is something else entirely: like Irish, Gaelic, and Welsh, Cornish is a Celtic lan- guage, as different from English as French, German, or Russian. After centuries of decline, Cornish is making a comeback, and Corn- wall’s national language is now beginning to be taught in schools and used on street signs alongside English.

Why learn Cornish? Some study Cornish to reconnect with their own Cornish ancestors. Others are drawn to it by the lure of the landscape and the mu- sic of exotic place-names like Goonhilly, Landewednack, , Praze-an-Beeble, and Trelowarren.

About the instructor: Dr. Benjamin Bruch, a world-renowned authority on Celtic studies, will offer a short introductory course in the Cornish language at the Pendarvis historic site in Mineral Point in March and April 2013. A native of Wisconsin, Dr. Bruch currently lives and works in Iowa. Dr. Bruch was made a Bard of the Cornish Gorsedd in 1998 and played a key role in developing the new standard spelling system for Cornish which was adopted in 2008. A graduate of the Department of and Literatures at Harvard Uni- versity, he has taught Cornish and other Celtic languages to students of all ages at schools, colleges, and cultural events in the Unit- ed States, Great Britain, Germany, and Austria.

About the course: The Cornish course will be held at the Pendarvis Historic Site in Mineral Point on two Tuesdays and two Saturdays in March and April. The first of these sessions will begin with a special presentation on the Cornish language and St. Piran’s Day (Cornwall’s na- tional holiday, celebrated annually on March 5.

Tuesday, March 5, 12:30-1:30 PM - The Cornish Language and St. Piran’s Day - FREE Tuesday, March 5, 2:00-8:00 PM - Cornish Language Course, Session One Saturday, March 16, 9:00 AM-4:30 PM - Cornish Language Course, Session Two Tuesday, April 2, 12:30-8:00 PM - Cornish Language Course, Session Three Saturday, April 27, 9:00 AM-4:30 PM - Cornish Language Course, Session Four

Each session of the language course includes a one-hour break for lunch or dinner. Each session will include a review of all previous material as well as adding new material. As a result, even students who can only attend a single session will be able to acquire a basic knowledge of contemporary spoken Cornish. All participants will also receive a course pack containing handouts, lessons, and other Cornish language resources.

Registration and costs for the language course: Adult - $30 per session ($120 for all four) Student (age 12 through high school) - $10 per session ($40 for all four) Age 11 and under - Free

To register, please send a check (payable to the Cornish Language Class, Richard Baker, Chairman) to Richard Baker, 1520 Coventry Court, Reedsburg, WI 53959. Please also include a separate sheet listing your name, address, phone number, e-mail address, and the dates of the sessions you plan to attend. Please make your reservation by Friday, March 1, 2013. Late registrations may be ac- cepted if there is room in the class.

Point of contact: Dick Baker, phone 608-524-1490 or 608-963-3529; e-mail [email protected]

NOTE: Most people will be too far away to attend, but Dick would like to raise an awareness in the language. Perhaps it will trig- ger something somewhere. If you are too far away why not start a course in your area? If you have a society newsletter please include this article in your next issue.

62 Correspondence from Societies an array of instruments - , and Cousin Jack Website voice, , guitar, cittern, uku- lele, percussion, tuba, trombone, cornet and tenor horn.) The beautiful blending of old The album can be obtained at: and new makes the newly www.richardtrethewey.co.uk/shop/ renovated Mineral Point Pub- for 10 pounds via paypal. lic Library a "CROWN JEW- EL" amongst libraries. Grand From TCA newsletter reopening on a crisp October ———————————————————————- day found many eagerly Search Google.com and be pleasantly pleased with awaiting the ribbon cutting the results of “Allantide”. ceremony. Anxious to try out the new elevator and discover From Dick Baker unavailable nooks and crannies it was a great adventure for all ————————————————————————————- in attendance. For those not on the Cornish List here are some wonder- Our hats off to all who ful sites to visit: Recorded in Stone from Marquette Iron Range, Michigan: made it possible. On the top floor hangs the 3 sec- http://voices.nmu.edu/content.asp?PageName=Cornish tion Bas Relief, created by sculptor Bruce Howdle And for a detailed analysis of Cornish Migration in Fal- and commissioned by the mouth and : Southwest Wisconsin Cor- nish Society. www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/surnames/ papers/20_cornish_migration.pdf

One of many newly donat- From Gail Ford on the Cornish List ed artifacts it reflects the Cornish heritage of the area and best +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ typifies the great pride the community has in its library. May the next 100 years of service be as great as has this one. Some of the CANSW & other Cornish marched

Catherine Whitford On a lovely spring day a small band of Cornish

Editor Note: gathered at Nelson Bay for the 5th Clans on the You may remember that Coast Festival. Though mainly Scottish in content, in the last issue we had other are made very welcome. So it was that 7 drawings of the bas relief. These are a won- members of the CANSW plus 2 others were there. derful addition to the Some marched in the parade and showed off our library and our heritage. flag and Cornish tartan. We enjoyed a Cornish from Mal Leyland’s stall, and the music, dance and ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Celtic games going on around the oval. www.cornishmemory.com is a site that has archive film footage, audio recordings and recollections and photographic images. Some feature the Cornish broadcaster Ted Gundry. Kitty Quayle ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Heather Dale has been in touch with a delightful young Cornish musician: Richard Threthewey. She heartily recommends his music and hopes to have a chance to meet him at some point. He has a new CD called “Dig Where You Stand”, with very catchy songs about Cornish life. You can watch his video at www.youtube.com (The album features 13 songs and tunes celebrating the indus- tries that have contributed to Cornish identity and culture. A mixture of traditional and contemporary music. Featuring From Cornish Assoc. of New South Wales newsletter

63 Correspondence con’t The UK’s First Cornish

Cornwall Tourism Pasty Festival Cornwall's tourism board from August this year has been advertising Cornwall all over the world as a Duchy, Celt- We would like to thank eve- ic region and emphasizing Cornwall's unique culture and ryone involved in the or- heritage; rather than as part of and as a County. ganisation of the Cornish Pasty Festival in , 21st-23rd September 2012. We are proud to have hosted This follows ongoing criticism from Cornish circles that the UK’s first Cornish Pasty Festival. the unique cultural and constitutional status of the Duchy We would like to stress that as of Cornwall was being ignored in attracting visitors, and the first festival, and therefore commercial criticism that the 'brand' being presented as a ‘pilot’ event, we felt that Cornwall for tourism and trade was bland and undiffer- overall it was a big success in entiated, within and outside Cornwall. celebrating the pasty, mining heritage, and Redruth’s place This recently came into focus with the excruciatingly as the Heart of Cornish Min- bad Cornwall with Caroline Quentin TV program (which ing. We have managed to put had almost no real on it). the town firmly on the map, and can now begin an annual Pasty Festival campaign to grow into a major international Malcolm Bell (Head of Visit Cornwall) told lobby group event in future. Highlights included Kernow Calling , that "We finalised the revised ‘about- the free pasty making activity, and cornwall’ section on http://www.visitcornwall.com on the street entertainment. There Tuesday and all references to County will be removed were also many lessons to be and an increased emphasis will be on Cornish Celtic her- learnt, and we will be looking to itage, industrial legacy and the Cornish language, etc. It secure commitment from more should be all up on the site by the middle of next week pasty producers to provide a great- (ie. From 8 August, 2012). er number and range of stalls, and we will review the set-up at the Fairfield. In addition, I have briefed the marketing and communi- cation guys that the term County should no longer be Redruth Town on Facebook used and instead the terms Cornwall, Cornish, Duchy and region will be used in all our 'comms' and 'England' references should be avoided, and only used if we have to." ======I came across this wonderful quote from Dr Borlase in the Magna You can give positive feedback to Visit Cornwall that Britannia: volume 3: Cornwall (Author Daniel and Samuel Lysons) there is even more to attract people to Cornwall than just which lists the extinct gentry families of Cornwall. sand, sun, and surf. Visit Cornwall is the current official tourism service for Cornwall. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50618

Used from CANSW newsletter "It is a melancholy reflection to look back on so many great fami- lies as have formerly adorned the county of Cornwall, and are now no more ...The most lasting families have only their sea- sons, more or less, of a certain constitutional strength. They have their spring, and summer sunshine glare, their wane, decline, and The Bards of North America death; they flourish and shine perhaps for ages; at last they sick-

as a group have contributed en; their light grows pale, and, at a crisis when the off-sets are withered and the old stock is blasted, the whole tribe disappears, to the Paul Smales Fund in and leaves the world as they have done Cornwall. There are lim- its ordained to every thing under the sun. Of all human vanities, memory of family-pride is one of the weakest. Reader, go thy way; secure thy name in the book of life, where the page fades not, nor the Sue Pellowe title alters nor expires; --- leave the rest to Heralds and the Parish Register."

John Bravin Cornish Gen list serve 64 THE EUSTICE FAMILY In 1852 William H. Eustice made his way across the By Dorothy Beckwith plains to California, where he was engaged successfully in gold mining for almost four years. He obtained sufficient capi- Jo Daviess County, in the extreme northwest corner of tal to buy land, in which he invested upon his return to this Illinois, was home to a great number of Cornish who left their county as did so many returning Cornishmen. In addition, of mark on the distinct character of the area. The Eustice families course, he had gone into half interest in his father’s gristmill, were important in the settling of the county, setting an example operating in partnership under the firm name of Eustice & Son of what hard work can do. As with all Cornish persons, they until 1865. In the meantime they made an addition to the were multi-talented, going about their business quietly, accom- building and began purchasing wheat, running the establish- plishing much with no expectation of recognition or credit. There were a number of Eustice families in Jo Daviess ment as a custom mill until 1865, when William H. and his County. They were probably related as it was common for rela- father sold out to Edward Mitchell. He also was engaged in tives to let those back home know they had found a bit of Heav- the mercantile business with his brother-in-law Thomas Pryor en. Mining of Galena (lead) was the main business and the fer- for three years but had to abandon it as well as the mill busi- tile land lent itself to farming. ness because of ill health. However, his doctor, probably a Three of the immigrant families were: John Eustice and Cornishman (!), advised William H. to take a trip back home to his wife Ann Ward, William Eustice and his wife Mary Williams, Cornwall. He took it to heart and went three times. and John G. Eustice and his wife Elizabeth Smith. And as with a high percentage of Cornish young peo- ple, William H. married a Cornish immigrant girl, Sarah Davis, John Eustice and his wife Ann Ward daughter of William and Sarah Davis, mining immigrants from John Eustice had been a miner in Cornwall until 1841 Cornwall in 1841. Young Sarah was just three when she when he left his family in Cornwall and set out for America. He first spent a year in Pennsylvania, as did many Cornishmen, to made the journey. earn money in the coal mines before traveling on. His next stop And, as was the case with a high percentage of Cor- was Wisconsin Territory and then to Jo Daviess County in 1843. nish, William H. served on the school board and was clerk of In 1844 he sent for his wife Ann Ward Eustice and their four the village. And quoting A. L. Rowse in regard to public office children. They had five more children, each born in Elizabeth holding: “They (the Cornish) fulfilled their obligations by hold- before Ann died in 1849. By the time of their arrival, John ing local office, but they did not waste their time and talents on Eustice had purchased 120 acres of government land in Eliza- the sterile business of professional politics; they had better beth Township paying $1.25 per acre. After he had made con- things to do.” siderable improvements, he added 160 acres for which he paid The county history said of William H. Eustice that “he $6.25 per acre. He was successful in constructing a comfortable was a man of strong character and decided ideas, and he homestead, and brought the land to a good state of cultivation. proved to be of the stuff which was most needed to assist in Taking up his land just as the Indians had left it, much labor was required to bring it to be a successful and profitable farm. We the development of one of the richest sections of the Great must remember that John Eustice was a pioneer. His first home Midwest.” And that could be said of just about all the early was a log cabin, self built from trees he had felled. And while he Cornish who settled Jo Daviess County, Illinois. So, flowery was building it, and while he was clearing virgin land in back- words of praise aside, we, the Cornish, recognized a good breaking long hours stretching into months and years, he was countryman! also engaged in mining. We must also keep in mind that there More to Follow in February! were no John Deere tractors or any other equipment used by today’s farmers. Besides no living quarters, there were no Come back for more on the families of barns, no outbuildings, no fences, no windmills, no electricity, no William Eustice and Mary Williams plumbing nor anything else that we take for granted. In addition and to all of that, this man of great enterprise and energy, in 1856 John G. Eustice and Elizabeth Smith built a grist mill which was called the Eustice Mill. Before eventu- ally selling it to Edward Mitchell, his son William H. Eustice became a partner. The younger Eustice had been just a lad of twelve when he arrived in Elizabeth. William H. Eustice acquired his education in a primitive one room school, and as with any boy in the early days, attended for most part in the winter months and then inter- mittently due to the demands of farm life. He was taught to make himself useful around the homestead, assisting his father both in farming and mining. 65 THE WAR OF WORDS There is clearly an official policy of support for on-side English in- terests taking precedence over the other side British interests. This Posted on www.savecornwall.org sent to us by Susan Davey is most evident in the third Charter of 3rd Janu- ary 1338. King Edward the third declared that his first born son had A report in BBC Books entitled “The Story of English” observed: been created Duke of Cornwall to maintain himself: “in a manner “The Anglo-Saxon race war against the Celts preserved virtually becoming the nobility of his race”. no trace of the Celtic language in English”. (By Robert McCrum et al, Faber and Faber, London, 1992). The Duchy of Cornwall charters are a prominent example of a DNA or racial qualification deemed necessary for the Duke of Cornwall, The war continues as a war of words in a constitutional context. heir to the throne, to exercise the privilege of ruling over the Celtic In an interview with the ‘West Briton’, Save Cornwall, when Cornish by the monopoly power of: “the King’s Writ, Summons of asked to comment on the Oxford University positive findings on Exchequer and do any other official act there”. (i.e. in Cornwall). the Celtic DNA of the Cornish, said; “This is a very competent study which confirms our position”. Two days later in an inter- The retention of the Duchy of Cornwall Charters arouses the suspi- view with Pirate F.M., the comment was; “We’ve been saying cion that the English authorities are preoccupied with race or Eng- we are different and we have our own cultural heritage and we lish DNA. In addition to an English DNA requirement to hold the are the original indigenous people of Britain. We deserved to be Duchy of Cornwall estates, this condition appears to have been recognised as such but we are not. It is a milestone in the extended to the world of inventions. The English education system sense that this is proof that the Cornish are also genetically has demonstrated its preference for political decisions rather than distinct in their own way, of Celtic origin and not Anglo-Saxon academic impartiality as revealed in its false claim that the English- as are the English”. man Stephenson and not the Cornishman Trevithick is accredited with the invention of the self-propelled steam locomotive. This sort In January 2004 the United Nations produced a definition of of politicised education is even more astonishing when it is noted “Indigenous Populations”, (Ref:- PFH/2004/WS.1/3), stating:- that it disregards the Encyclopaedia Britannica and the Reader’s “Common ancestry with the original occupants”. In the Digest, ‘Man the Inventor’ which properly accredit Trevithick as the case of the Cornish the Oxford University DNA result man who modernised mobility. This substitution exposes a political proves that the Cornish existing today have a Common attempt to have the Cornish accept and respect English Anglo- ancestry with the original occupants of Cornwall and there- Saxon DNA at the expense of denying their own Celtic DNA. fore they qualify as an indigenous people with the right to be recognised as such. The constitutional function of the Duchy of Cornwall to provide an “This”, concluded the United Nations, “preserves for these com- income for the heir to the throne has been subjected to a word munities the sovereign right and power to decide who belongs revision. It is now a ‘private’ estate which is protected from any to them, without external interference”. liability by crown immunity and enjoys exemption from the Free- dom of Information Acts. Obviously, the selection of the word Taking the origins of the Biblical message as the starting point ‘private’ has created an unwritten: ‘Private British Constitution’ as a in the evolution of the modern Gregorian calendar 2012 years device to avoid transparency and prevent legitimate investigation ago, Britain was a British and Celtic island. To avoid this fact into constitutional law relative to Cornwall and the Cornish. Anglo-centric historians have created: “The Iron Age” and: “The Dark Ages” to avoid the use of: “The Pre-England Age”. “The The words chosen in 1337 for all three Duchy of Cornwall charters, Roman Invasion of Britain” is given prominence but: “The Anglo therefore, bear no relationship to either the principles of democracy -Saxon invasion of Britain” is not. or of equality before the law. A long overdue revised modernised text should be comparable with the objective constitutions found in Since then, the war of words has revealed a politicised English Europe and America. To include the Cornish people within the history, compulsory in Cornish schools, inculcating pride in a Duchy of Cornwall’s civic duties, the words of the Complete Oxford succession of crusades against other nations. The process of English Dictionary definition of democracy would be appropriate. It selecting the right words to obtain public support for crusades reads: “Democracy; From the Greek, People rule” and, “A so- has inevitably created a national sub-conscious catalogue of cial state in which all have equal rights without hereditary or races deemed to be either superior or inferior depending on arbitrary differences of rank or privilege”. “Society character- which side they were on. ised by tolerance towards minorities”.

Ultimately, the claims of such concepts as “indigenous Celts” It would appear that: ‘democracy with equality before the law in a and “pre-England” are placed on the side of the inferior catego- written public constitution’ has become a purely overseas export ry by over zealous state funded educationalists attempting by project. This applies to the new Iraq constitution (agreed by the the astute use of words to back-date the appearance of the government of the UK) which provides a guarantee of equality be- English in Britain to enhance racial pride. fore the law. At the very least this is a worth while ambition to 66 Words con’t Official current policy retains in force, in the original words comprising the text of three racially motivated English feudal royal achieve control over people in power which is not possible in charters of 1337/8, for the Duke of Cornwall, when human rights the UK. English people in power appear to rely solely on the and democracy were unknown and racism was the accepted cut political word ‘no’ to outvote the indigenous Cornish national and thrust of politics. These grossly outdated Duchy of Cornwall minority by excluding them from the human rights provision of charters grant only to a person of English DNA, the privilege and the Framework Convention for National Minorities for English absolute power to claim intestate estates, minerals, treasure trove racial advantage. and cultural sites etc., in Cornwall under cover of crown immunity. The records over centuries reveal the imposition of the English In other words, after twelve years of requests from Cornish double taxation for ‘foreign’ produce made applicable to Cornish organisations to be included in the Framework Convention, the mineral production compared with the standard tax for . official scene has been set to disregard the Oxford University This was replaced in 1858 with extensive mineral rights in Corn- British DNA proof of the indigenous status of the Cornish. wall and compensation for the Duchy in Cornwall. The separate More evidence requires a deeper look into Cornish history. Is Duchy of Cornwall double taxation system for Cornwall confirms the evidence in support the privatisation of Cornish culture for official English knowledge of the difference in nationality between the benefit of the English national majority ego to be found in the indigenous Cornish and the English settlers. Even so, authen- an untouchable, unquotable and unwritten private constitutional ticity is abandoned when it comes to the Anglicisation or ridicule law? of matters associated with the indigenous Cornish, in particular, the Cornish Celtic identity, the Brythonic language and the DNA We find that the Duchy of Cornwall is exposed as having no evidence. justification under human rights law to claim or exercise authori- ty, based on an entry in its inaugural charter of 1337, to control A war of words is adopted rather than making a commitment to the Celtic icon of as if it were English property and bring fourteenth century racial exploitation to a speedy conclu- handing it over to English Heritage without public consultation. sion. Clearly, it is a political act of wishful thinking to attempt to change the DNA of our Celtic ancestors with a racially motivat- The outdated racially motivated policies of the Duchy of Cornwall ed ‘private’ act. charters, predicated on the denial of the existence of a Cornish Celtic DNA, should be repealed. An independent public inquiry The DNA evidence confirms that Tintagel, whether fact or leg- into the policies of the Duchy of Cornwall is long overdue. Ideally, end remains historically British and Celtic and not English herit- the terms of reference for any serious investigation of the powers age. That is not all. Words of deception abound. Our central and privileges of the Duchy of Cornwall would include the defini- Cornish Mining World Heritage site, recognised by UNESCO in tion of the word Democracy in the Complete Oxford English Dic- 2006, has been Anglicised to ‘Heartlands’. Prince Charles, tionary. Duke of Cornwall, opened the historic mining site at Pool, near ``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` Redruth on 2nd July 2012, apparently having forgotten that he had received the official UNESCO document establishing Cor- nish Mining as World Heritage. The absence of an official Brit- ish Heritage can be independently understood as representing Old Cornwall Society an Anglo-centric denial of a shared British history in a multicul- tural society. website, has a list of books put There is a long history of Celtic national symbolism associated together by George Pritchard. with Cornwall. In the story of ‘’, (The Life of Ke, and has more than 400 volumes original written in Cornish c.1450), the Roman Emperor de- listed, with links (and even Kindle clares; “There is a cause that has made me depressed, he is links!) called Arthur the Cornishman”. (Bewnans Ke, line 1658. Edited There are some wonderful things by Thomas and Williams, National Library of Wales, 2007). there, including Parish Histories Modern civilisation accepts the word authenticity as a basic and Fiction. indispensible principle in identifying the essential characteristics Enjoy!! in the dating process of historic peoples and their cultural works and sites. In Europe, except the United Kingdom, the national http://oldcornwall.org/ decision making process of a state is constitutionally required library_2.htm to apply the principle of equality before the law or publicly ex- plain the reason for its absence in each applicable case.

67 Email from Julie Mosman Mining Site wins Euro Recognition Crisp firm to trial Cornish pasty flavour

West Briton Thurs. 6 Sept. 2012 For generations the Cornish by Julian Ridge [[email protected]] pasty has kept hunger at (0) 1209 313330 bay and is a major export. The European Route of Industrial Heritage Now the iconic West country (ERIH) , a network of the most important indus- snack is to be reinvented in trial heritage sites in Europe, has recognized the crisp form in celebration of Cornish Mining World Heritage Site (WHS) as one the miners' traditional lunch. of its "regional routes". "Prop-a-tater" flavour will taste of potato and onion, a dash of black pepper and – con- The routes link landscapes and sites which have left their mark on European industrial history. troversially for the purists – carrot. Cornish Crisp Company bosses have agreed to develop the Each region has its own speciality, with Cornwall's new flavour to sell at the Cornish Mining World Heritage based on its mining past. The Heartlands attrac- Site. tion at Pool and Geevor Mine in Pendeen have A penny from each bag sold will go to the Cornish Mining been marked alongside other locations in Great World Heritage Site. All donations will go towards helping Britain as exemplars providing information about protect and preserve the Cornish and West Devon mining industrial heritage. landscape.

The ten separate areas of the Cornish Mining Sue Wolstenholme, managing director for The Cornish Crisp World Heritage Site show how the rapid growth of Company said: "The name Prop-a-tater links in with the min- copper and tin mining in the 18th and early 19th ing heritage, our wonderful Cornish potatoes and it sounds centuries shaped and transformed the Cornwall good too." and west Devon landscape. Members of the public will be able to decide between two versions of the recipe, one of which simply has more black Its deep underground mines, iconic engine hous- pepper than the other. Samples of each version were availa- es, foundries, new town, smallholdings, lively ports and harbours, and their ancillary industries ble for the public to taste at the Cornish Mining Stand at the together enabled the region to produce two-thirds Cornish Pasty Festival in Redruth. David Rutherford, from of the world's supply of copper. The symbolic re- the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site, said: "We are de- mains are a testimony to the contribution Corn- lighted to be working with the Cornish Crisp Company to wall and west Devon made to one of the greatest produce a new flavour of crisps." periods of economic, technological and social de- If all goes according to plan, the crisps will go on sale in No- velopment Britain has ever known. vember. This is Cornwall, Western Morning News 9-18-2012 Deborah Boden, WHS co-ordinator, said, "The www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Crisp-firm- Cornwall and west Devon landscape has proven its global significance hence our UNESCO designa- trial=Cornish=pasty=flavor/story-16927748-detail/story.html Editor’s note: (Crisps are what people in the US call potato chips) tion and recent CNN recognition (the US news channel CNN identified Cornwall's WHS as a 'must visit' location). "The European Route of Industrial Heritage status is a hat-trick and reflects all the hard work put in by the team to ensure our invaluable landscape gains the right kind of respect and recognition it deserves." For more information about the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site, visit

www.cornish-mining.org.uk

More information about the European Route of Industrial Heritage can be found at

www.erih.net 68 Muogamarra Reserve, New South Wales, Australia Rick Rescorla, 9/11 Hero and Cornishman

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A retired Army colonel who helped rescue 2,700 Morgan Stanley Dean Witter employees on 9/11 before being killed in the collapse of the World Trade Center buildings will be hon- ored Saturday in a Veterans Day ceremony at the Mount Soledad Veterans Memorial.

A plaque honoring Col. Rick Rescorla, the vice president of security for the brokerage, will be presented during the noon ceremony.

Soon after the 110-story World Trade Center tower was hit by a hi- jacked airliner, Rescorla ordered the offices evacuated, despite Port Authority police suggesting people stay put. After getting most of the workers out, he returned to check on three who were missing and was last seen in a 10th floor stairwell before the building collapsed.

Of 3,700 Morgan Stanley employees, only Rescorda and five others were killed that day. British-born (Cornish–born) Rescorda has been featured in books and television programs about 9/11. He was an Army infantryman in the Vietnam War. A statue of Rescorla is part of the Walk Of Honor at the National Infantry Museum at Fort Benning, Georgia.

Kitty Quayle submitted this CBS8.com article received from Jan Davis ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

British soldiers to march on Greggs Greggs, the British bakery chain, is to supply British troops with sausage rolls and pasties.

Greggs has agreed a deal with NAAFI, the organisation which supports British armed forces abroad, to pro- vide its products to troops at the British base in Gutersloh, Germany. The company will provide seven frozen savoury products from a branded counter in the base. Greggs will supply its products for at least 12 weeks as part of a trial at the Germany base. If the initiative proves successful, it could be rolled out to all British military bases around the world. Ken McMeikan, Greggs chief executive and Royal Navy veteran of the 1982 Falklands War, said: "It’s great to hear that Greggs was the most requested brand that troops missed from home and we are really pleased to be making our savouries accessible to our troops in Germany, and, depending on the success of the trial, more widely available for our armed forces personnel around the world.” The idea has been launched after a survey by the NAAFI found Greggs' food was what armed forces person- nel missed from the UK. NAAFI personnel will be trained by Greggs staff to help produce the company's food.

The Telegraph.co.uk 69 Help Needed aged about 35, was a music teacher, harmoniumist at the St Just Bible Christian Chapel, and "one of the Can you help me find out more about these Cornish best bass singers in the district". Charles Thomas was Cousins? a member of the same choir.

William Morrish Cornish-gen list serve Born Gwennap, 1830 Bob Bolitho Died Grass Valley, 1889 OPC St Just in [email protected] Catherine L. Williams (William’s wife) Born Kea, 1834 21 - 26 MAY 2013 Died Grass Valley, 1915 (snippets from a newsletter from Ros Patterson)

Anthony Toy (married daughter Edith) The , Dance, Official Opening and the Gathering Born Redruth, 1865 of Bards will be held in Moonta, with The Village Green Fair taking Died Sacramento, 1930 place in Queen Square, Moonta, with any sideshows being set up possibly in Verran Terrace.

Any ideas or brainstorming welcomed. The Cavalcade of Cars and Motor Cycles will leave Wallaroo and Please contact me at : wind its way through Port Hughes, Moonta Bay and the town of Moon- ta before circling Victoria Square Kadina and onto the Kadina oval. [email protected] or call me at: It is envisaged that an ecumenical church service could be conducted 805-646-0206 in Victoria Square with refreshment and food stalls.

(Merrill is one of our newest members so let’s show The Grand Procession will be go through the streets of Wallaroo and her how we can help) end up at the Lions Park adjacent to the Wallaroo Oval where the Fer Kernewek will be held.

On 10 January 1893, 20 miners working in Wheal The Blessing of the Waters and the Aussie Breakfast will again be Owles in the parish of drowned held at the Wallaroo Yacht Club. when water broke in from an adjacent closed mine. Their bodies were never recovered so there are no In Kadina, the President’s Dinner will be at the Golf Club and the Cor- nish Association's History Seminar will be in the Kadina Town Hall, burial records for them. taking advantage of the commercial kitchen and air conditioning. For more information see website: The men were: http://www.kernewek.org/ John and Thomas Grose, father and son; R. Wil- liams; John Olds; William Stevens Thomas; Edward White; Willie Eddy; James Rowe; John and Mark Taylor, two brothers; James E Trembath; Charles Hichens Thomas; Thomas Ellis; James Thomas; Peter Dale; Lewis Blewett Wilkins; William Roberts; Thomas Allen; James Williams; and a young man named Davey from the North of England in his first week of work in St Just. Merry Christmas

and Help in identifying these men would be appreciated. Happy New Year Reports reveal a few snippets on them. Mark Taylor had worked in the mine for only two months since- his return from Red Jacket, Michigan. John Taylor, his brother, had worked in Wales. Thomas Ellis, 70 Items of Interest

Members may be interested to hear that a new book, entitled Slow Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly by Kirsty Fergus- son, published by Bradt Travel Guides has been received with great acclaim by critics and readers throughout Cornwall and the rest of the UK. T

The following review by Stephen Warman for CoaST (Cornwall Sustainable Tourism project) will give you an idea why:

"I find it hard to be completely fair-minded when starting to review a new book so when I looked into “Slow Cornwall & the Isles of Scilly” I went straight to the entry for a place I know really well in search of a few mistakes. Hours later I was still reading, and loving every paragraph. Not only did I fail to find any mistakes but I found old friends and new stories, historical facts and hysterical anecdotes. In researching this book Kirsty Fergusson has listened carefully to local residents and allowed their wit and wis- dom to shine through. It is this attention to detail that makes this guide a wonderful example of what ‘Slow’ is all about. To be Slow does not mean to be lazy or dull-witted; it means taking time to savour and understand or, as quoted by Kirsty in her Acknowledgements, it means ‘Chew, don’t gulp!’.

Each chapter offers a wealth of detail on eating, drinking, walking, cycling, history, natural history and local heritage, and with its clear prose, insightful text boxes, atmospheric sketches and a good dose of practical information the book is highly readable as well as informative. I am sure that pub- lication of ‘Slow Cornwall & the Isles of Scilly’ will become an important milestone in the develop- ment of a more reflective and more sustainable style of tourism in Cornwall & Scilly; a tourism that thrives because of and not in spite of natural and cultural distinctiveness. I will be using this book to help plan my summer holidays and I live here!"

Copies may be ordered online from the publishers, www.bradtguides.com or from Amazon, www.amazon.com or www.barnesandnoble.com From $13.43 each.

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'FROM THE VISION TO THE NOOSE'

A true 19th century Cornish story of murder and intrigue.

In early 2011 a Cornish book, written by my wife Jill, was launched, telling the true story of the murder of Nevell Norway by the Lightfoot brothers in 1840. The murder took place late at night on the road between and in North Cornwall. The two Lightfoot brothers, James and William, were eventu- ally found guilty and hanged in public at Bodmin Jail. The victim, Nevell Norway, was the great-grand father of the world famous novelist Nevil Shute.

The book has sold well and received excellent reviews and gives an accurate and human interest background to the story behind a famous crime and life in Cornwall in the early 19th century. It also contains over forty photographs and pictures of 19th centu- ry North Cornwall locations associated with the story both then and now. The success of the book has resulted in my wife giving talks to nearly all the Old Cornwall societies in the county.

Many books have already been sold to the USA, and I thought I would take this opportunity to make your members aware of the book. More information can be found at www.chrisbatters.com. Book can be purchased via paypal and includes shipping. Christopher & Jillian Batters Bodmin, Cornwall

71 Items con’t:

******If bought online prior to Christmas airmail shipping is included at surface rate cost for overseas purchases. (No need to email anyone first) Transactions via paypal. www.shop.oldcornwall.org

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CORNWALL WITH CAROLINE QUENTIN

Spend a Cornish summer amid glorious scenery and fascinating people Silver Spring, MD — Appealing to fans of Rick Steves and Samantha Brown, the lighthearted travel doc- umentary, Cornwall with Caroline Quentin , made its U.S. debut with its DVD release on November 6, 2012 from Athena. Hosted by two-time British Comedy Award winner Caroline Quentin (Blue Mur- der, Men Behaving Badly), this eight-part documentary takes a rollicking ride through southern Eng- land’s coastal playground where surfers catch big waves, vintners harvest sun-ripened grapes, and pi- rates swarm over a medieval fortress. Broadcast on ITV in January 2012, the production features excep- tional cinematography and stunning views of the coast and countryside. The DVD 2-vol.boxed set con- tains all eight episodes, plus a 12-page viewer’s guide with articles on the , St. ’s Mount, preserving the Cornish language, seafaring in Cornwall, Corn- wall on screen and photo galleries.

Host Quentin brings plenty of charming wit to this wide-ranging travelogue, but it’s the quirky locals and stunning scenery that truly steal the show. The Cor- nish peninsula stretches into the Atlantic Ocean for hundreds of miles of gor- geous coastline, where aristocrats live in centuries-old manors and beachcomb- ers barbecue lobster by the water. At every turn, Quentin dives headlong into the summer festivities, joining the locals at a quaint village pub and cheering on a regatta composed of not-so-seaworthy vessels. The distinctively English spirit of adventure and conviviality shines through every scene, as Quentin ex- plores Cornwall’s history and popular attractions, including the Cornish sea- shore, St. Michael’s Mount, and stately homes like Prideaux Place. Actress Car- oline Quentin has also presented several documentaries, including Caroline Quentin: A Passage Through India and Restora- tion Home. 51 New Cornish National Library and Archive Centre Proposed

Cornwall Archives and Cornish Studies Service is comprised of Cornwall Record Office, currently located in , and the Cornish Studies Library, located in Redruth. Its basic function is to celebrate and promote the written and printed heritage of Cornwall, and ensure that it is preserved and made available so that individuals and communities, now and in the future, have access to these fantastic collections.

Cornwall Council has been seeking a site to create a new home for its archives and historic library collections. In the first stage of the process 38 different locations were assessed to filter out sites that did not meet the four gateway criteria: whether the site was large enough, whether the site could be delivered on time and within budget, if the site could meet the BS5454 recommendations for storing and exhibiting archive documents, and the site’s potential for a positive impact on an historic building, the historic landscape or local heritage

In the second stage the remaining sites were assessed against five final considerations: accessibility on foot and via cycle, public transport and car, whether the site would help support the local economy and wider community, whether the site had the potential to attract additional funding and partners, existing site services infrastructure, and opportunities for sustainability.

Country Councilor, , informs me, “The proposed new Cornish National Library and Archive Centre is moving forward. , the new single council of Cornwall which is the second biggest local authority in the UK, has selected a site - part of the former Devenish Brewery at Redruth. Discussions with, and applications to, funders are under way.

At the heart of the project lie a number of key themes:

1. To provide a new strong room and study centre for Cornwall's extensive archives, which are of such value not simply to people in Cornwall, but all over the World. 2. To work with other institutions to form partnerships that will encourage them to lend/deposit/give documents essential to the Cornish historical narrative so that we can build a single collection at the heart of Cornish life (wherever it is lived!). At the heart of Cornish identity is the Cornish lan- guage, and at the core of the language is the mediaeval miracle play cycle, The . This part of the project is therefore dubbed 'Bringing the Ordinalia Home' - some people say 'Oh! Just like the Stone of Scone?' Yep! 3. To encourage access and to enhance the facilities for scholars, readers, researchers and the plain curious, we wish to install and develop the latest technology for cataloguing, scanning (infra-red), communicating and storing - our aim is to set the benchmark for conserving and offering the past to the future. 4. The project will include the Cornish Studies Library, and will also have capacity to bring together collections of films, sound archives, photographs and other documents, and we hope to offer spare capacity for any private collections that may, in future, be at risk.

The Project leaders are Deborah Tritton ([email protected]) and Julie Seyler ([email protected]).

We are in the process of starting contact with potential partner institutions including the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and the British Library, London.

There is a good way yet to go but we hope to provide an exceptional institution - a building but also a virtual one too, and to develop and strengthen Cornwall by bringing together, in partnership with many others, the great and enduringly distinctive Cornish story.”

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“You may also like to know about the project in Launceston to conserve and find a future for the cottage of internationally famed Cornish poet, Charles Causley, who died about 12 years ago. The cottage needs much renovation, and our aim is to provide a place which evokes Causley, and informs us about his life (he was a school teacher in Lanson) and work. We want to create a 'writer's house' - a place where writers can live and work, teach and research, share and absorb - and to make this the first of a series of such houses all over Cornwall. The project also aims to develop a range of events and programmes as part of the effort to ensure that Causley's work remains at the forefront of British literature, and to help develop the Charles Causley Festival in Launceston, which is in its third year.

Recently, a Cornwall Council officer has delivered a copy of the Collected Poems of Charles Causley, inscribed by the Council to celebrate and recognize Natasha Trethewey, who took up her post as Poet Laureate of the USA in September at the Library of Congress - the book is on her desk awaiting her arrival! Her father, Eric Trethewey, also a poet, is Canadian of Cornish descent, and teaches at Hollins University, Virginia. “

Many thanks to Bert for his contribution to this article. Tommi O’Hagan

For more on Natasha turn the page

73

NEW POET LAUREATE OF USA

NATASHA TRETHEWEY

The new poet laureate, Natasha Trethewey, is the Pulitzer Prize-wining author of three collections and professor of creative writing at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia.

Natasha was born to Eric Trethewey and Gwendolyn Ann Turnbough in Gulfport, Mis- sissippi on 26 April 1966, Confederate Memorial Day. At the time of her birth, a year before the U.S. Supreme Court struck down anti-miscegenation laws, her parents were married illegally. Her birth certificate noted the race of her as “colored”, and the race of her father as “Canadian”. Eric Trethewey is a Canadian of Cornish descent. Her father is also a poet and a professor of English at Hollins University, Virginia.

Natasha is the first Southerner to hold the post since Robert Penn Warren, the original laureate, and the first African- American since Rita Dove in 1993. Unlike the recent laureates W. S. Merwin and her immediate predecessor, Philip Lev- ine, at 46 she is still in midcareer and not well-known outside poetry circles. Her work combines free verse with more traditional forms like the sonnet and villanelle to explore memory and the racial legacy of America.

In explaining his choice, James Billington, the librarian of Congress said: “We’re not necessarily on some kick to find a younger poet. The more I read of it, American Poetry seems extremely rich in diversity, talent and freedom of expres- sion, and she has a voice that is already original and accomplished. I have an affinity for American individuals who are absolutely unique, and I think that this is one.”

The recipient of a Mississippi Governor’s Award for Excellence in the Arts, Natasha was named the 2008 Georgia Wom- an of the Year. She has been inducted into both the Fellowship of Southern Writers and the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame. In 2012 she was named Poet Laureate of the state of Mississippi and the 19th Poet Laureate of the United States.

Awaiting Natasha Trethewey on her desk when she arrived at the Library of Congress to begin her new role as laureate was a copy of the Collected Poems of Charles Causley, an internationally famed Cornish poet. The collection of poems was delivered by a Cornwall Council officer and inscribed by the Council to celebrate and recognize Natasha Trethewey.

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A special military flight has brought a taste of home to South West troops serving in Afghanistan.

Eight hundred Cornish pasties, weighing about a quarter of a ton combined, left RAF Brize Norton on Tuesday. Pasty-maker Ivor Dewdney hopes they will boost morale among Royal Marines fighting in Helmand Province. Phil Abbott, from the -based firm, said: "If receiving a pasty brings a smile to the face of a Royal Marine then I'm happy to help." He added: "We would not be able to do any of this without the expert help and support of people like Sgt Rick Townsend and Staff Sgt Hincklin who both helped sort the logistics of getting so many pasties halfway around the world." The baker has been sending pasties around the globe to service personnel for many years. Ivor Dewdney started the company in 1935 and the business is now run by his grand- children.

BBC News website 74 Dear Cousin Jacks, Cousin Jennies, and all those Letters from America, by Chloe Phillips around the world who love our Celtic homeland of Kernow/Cornwall

My name is Kate Neale and I'm from Porthcothan Bay, near . I've lived in Cornwall all my life and have been involved in music since a very early age. Hopefully I'm now on my way to becoming a scholar of Cornish music. I completed an MA in Ethnomusicology at Uni- versity, Wales, in September 2011, which focused on Padstow's Christmas carols. I'm very keen to continue with my studies of Cornish music as a whole to PhD lev- el. Ethnomusicology is the study of music and culture: how people use music and musical performance to express The letters contained within collection AD833 at Cornwall Record themselves, issues and identity in relation to their culture. Office provide a fascinating insight into life for Cornish migrants The Cornish music scene at home is diverse, dynamic on the North American mining frontier. The bulk of the collection and developing! Like the Cornish, it has many strands, consists of letters from Richard Scoble to his mother, Mary-Ann. traditions, faces and agendas. Richard migrated to the USA in 1874, at the age of eighteen, However, very few people are studying Cornish music, leaving his widowed mother (her husband died while in Mexico) and I'm hoping to help to fill that gap by exploring all or and five siblings back in Cornwall. any sort of Cornish music that is performed by individu- als and in Cornish communities and groups across the The area Richard moved to was Austin, Nevada, a mining fron- world, as well as here at home. tier, characterised by ‘sparceness [sic] of population, richness of I met with Howard Curnow earlier in the summer to talk untapped natural resources, isolation, hardship and danger’. He to him about this idea, and he has kindly agreed to for- clearly knew people already in the camp, and writes home to his ward my query on to the Cornish across the world in the mother of various acquaintances who send their regards to her. hope that I'll receive some responses. Despite this strong ‘Cousin Jack’ network, Richard initially strug- So - if you practice, know of, or otherwise are involved gles to find work and when he eventually does he writes to his with Cornish music of any kind* - whether for fun or for mother complaining that, despite being well paid (the Miners Pro- your career - whether it's as part of a celebration, or tradi- tective Association (a union in Virginia City) had ensured in 1863 tion, then I would love to hear from you. that the day rate was set at $4, meaning that miners in Nevada *By this I mean that I am taking a very broad approach to were the ‘best paid industrial worker[s] in North America, if not music and musical performance - solo singers, singing the world’), the work was very difficult. He wrote, 'I do work...in the groups such as choirs or pub groups, solo instrumental- burning hot son it will all most melt you it will make the sweet run ists, bands - whether pop/rock, or brass or silver - and the hover me just the same as if I do put my hed on a bucket of water music used by dance groups. this camp is a very hard camp for work men hear do work just as I'm also interested in performance types and venues. Ex- slaves...my harms is all most ready to drop of from my boddy…’ amples could include communal singing groups, carol groups or choirs, music at the meetings or anniversaries Richard wrote home frequently during the first year of his migra- of your local Cornish Association or Society, or an even- tion. He speaks fondly of friends and neighbours, particularly Juli- ing event such as a or . et Clarke, and continues disputes with his elder brother, Joseph. Perhaps you are an instrument maker, run an event or He is dismissive of the church in Nevada, ‘the church is wurst the teach Cornish music? Perhaps there are events where minester is American he do play cards and gamble’, as well as Cornish music is performed - on St. Piran's Day for ex- American women: ‘she wear a fine girl I woden have a yanke no ample, or at a Cornish festival, at Christmas or at tradi- how’. He reminisces about life back in Devoran chapel, a focal tional/customary events? point for his mental construct of home. Throughout all the letters Finally, perhaps you know of other scholars or collectors he assures his mother that he will be home within a couple of of Cornish music and musical customs. I would love to years, once he’s made his fortune. The lure of the bonanza must hear about their work and interests. have been hard to resist and Richard does try his hand at pro- My email address is [email protected], or you can specting, but soon returns to paid work. find me on Facebook. Looking forward to hearing from you. Thanks and best wishes, After the first year of his migration, there is a six year gap in the Kate Porthcothan Bay, Cornwall letters, until they resume in 1881. It’s unclear why there is such a st 75 1 October 2012 continued page 77

Members’ Interest Page

By Jim Thomas [email protected]

This is Members’ Interest Page No 16, where we try and connect members who may not know that they are researching the same surnames. I have been doing this page off and on for the past five years and I am hoping you are getting some benefit from it. I am currently re-running names that have been in previous pages because many of the names in my da- tabase appear only once or twice. I am running names with at least four or five people interested. If you have a name you are researching and haven’t seen it on this page, let me know and I will see if anyone else lists that name also. Keep me posted on how you are doing.

Knight

Mary Artist-Holden [email protected] Clarence Knight [email protected] Sharon Markworth [email protected] Mary Miron [email protected] Jo Nattkemper 5555 Montgomery Dr, Apt G104, Santa Rosa, CA 95409 Tommi O”Hagan [email protected] Kimberly Osborne [email protected] Jim Thomas [email protected]

Symons

Phyllis Holmes [email protected] William Hosking [email protected] Marilyn Matthews 18420 W. 60th Ave, Golden, CO 80403 Betty Ruth & Clarence Purvis Box 447, Redvers, SK, Canada, S0C 2H0 Loree Simuncak [email protected] Jeff Symons [email protected] William Symons [email protected] Diane Tamulion [email protected]

Ellis

Jean Ellis [email protected] John Rosemergy [email protected] Thomas Stanaway P.O. Box 254, Negaunee, MI 49866 William Stanaway [email protected] Brian Taylor [email protected] David Thomas [email protected]

76 26th Assembly of the Bards Letters con’t

of the gap but life changed both at home and in Nevada. Two of Rich- Gorsedh of Cornwall in Australia ard’s siblings, both young adults (in their 20s) died, and his mother migrated with another of his sisters to London. The On a sunny Australian spring day on the Shoalhaven coast of mines in Nevada had begun a decline; when Richard resumes NSW, thirteen Bards gathered together on Saturday 27 Octo- writing he is living in Idaho where, in 1879-80, discoveries in ber, 2012. Wood River, central southern Idaho, caused a rush. It is clear from his letters that Richard had faced trouble back in Nevada, in Led by Den a Boll (Terry Johnson) from South Australia, and fact, he escaped without telling anyone and was disappointed NSW our Bards had come from as far as Victoria, SA, and WA. when word reached his Cornish acquaintances in Nevada of his Local MP and Mayor of Shoalhaven City Council, Clr Joanna whereabouts: ‘I got a letter from Mrs Argall 2 or 3 days a go she Gash welcomed the Bards. gave me hell... she wrought to me + wont for me to send sum money to her + if I diden do so...she was goin to wright to you The Assembly was held during the 3rd Cornish Cultural Cele- and till you all about me…’ bration at the University of Wollongong’s Shoalhaven campus at Nowra, which provided a lovely setting and backdrop to the He continued to pursue a mixture of mining interests, prospect- distant hills to the west. ing in mountainous Muldoon and managing a mine in nearby Bellevue. One winter night he wrote to his mother: 'I am in bed To superb harp music by Moira Lawry we applauded the Flow- with me little dog he is all the cumfert I have in this world... we ar er Dance performed by local children of the Le Point dance camp out up in the mounts the town is about 12 miles from school. Kerensa Dunkerley as the Lady of the Southern Land hear... you would laff if you could see me writing I am in Bed and presented a basket of local fruit and flowers such as Waratah, have got a Pice Bord for a table and the wind is Blowing the can- Bottlebrush, and Wattle, to Terry as leader. del so you must excuse Bad writing.'

We remembered Lesley Morton, and also Susan Pellowe. We Richard’s letters cease in welcomed Julie Wheeler. A big thanks to Terry for leading, 1885, and records show and to Lilian and Janet for their speaking roles and four suc- his mother died the follow- cessful blasts from the horn by Ralph. Thanks also to the ban- ing year. He never did ner bearers and Margaret Johnson as our MC. return to Cornwall, in- stead, he settled in Idaho In attendance were: and married not one but NSW: Ruth & Russell Cocks, Chris & Joy Dunkerley, Betty two ‘Yankees’ and had at Bevins, and Julie Wheeler. Vic: Bill & Gwen Phillips, and Janet least four children. His life Woolhouse. SA: Lilian James, Noel Carthew, and Terry John- wasn’t without drama: his son. WA Ralph Thomas. stepson, Herman, mur- dered his nephew and his Next May is our 30th anniversary of the 1st gathering in Aus- son, Jesse, became tralia led by Trevanion (Denis Trevanion) and an Assembly is something of an outlaw; planned for Moonta, SA. I hope to see you there. I am sure newspapers record the Ros and all the Bards in SA will make us welcome. sheriff chasing him into Canada.

When Richard died of a heart attack, in 1933, his obituary ap- peared in at least three newspapers. One reported that he ‘was known as a quiet, unassuming man of good character, and was highly thought of in the...community. He was buried in the Free- mason cemetery in Hailey, Idaho, against a dramatic mountain- ous backdrop, 5000 miles away from his home in Devoran. The rich detail and humour in his letters help bring to life the story of one man’s experience of Cornwall’s so-called ‘Great Migration’.

This article is abridged from the version published in the latest edition of the Journal of the Royal Institute of Cornwall Bards, Lady, Dancers, Mayor and banner bearers. From the Archives and Cornish Studies autumn newsletter 2012

77

Tis Me

Mary Kelynack

When you think life is hard, I want to tell you the story of a very remarkable woman. The Kelynack family live and were fishermen in , in the western part of Cornwall. Mary was married to William Kelynack a very strong character in that area, and well respected, but he died at the age of 47 years old, leaving Mary with 16 children to bring up. But this story is not about Mary’s family, it starts with them all well grown up. In 1851 the Great Exhibition of London took place, and the opening of the Crystal Palace, the first giant glass construction, and the wonders it contained, the news of which filtered down even to places as far away as Cornwall. One day Mary Kelynack said "I think I will go and have a look at this marvel", and away she walk, all the way to London in her 85 year. On Tuesday, September 24th, among the visitors of the Mansion House was Mary, having travelled by foot the 350 miles, carrying her basket on her head, with the object of visiting the Exhibition, and paying her personal respects to the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress of London. As soon as the ordinary business had been done the aged women entered the justice - room, when the Lord Mayor, addressing her, said, "Well, I understand Mary you have come to see me." Yes" she replied, "I have never been in a place such as this, I have come up asking for a small sum of money, I am sir" The Lord Mayor ask her where she had come from. Mary stated that she had left five weeks ago, and only had 5 1/2 pence left. And after much merriment the Lord Mayor gave her a sovereign, a great deal of money back then, telling her to take care, as there are many thieves in London. She thank him and then said "I will now be able to get back to Cornwall" Her next visit was to the Exhibition, where she was presented to the Queen and the Prince Albert. Soon she became very famous, and great artist did portraits of her, everyone wanted to know the old women, and she was in great demand all over London, where horse and carriage was sent for her, to join the parties of the rich. Mary knowing she could not keep up with this life, suddenly one day took off and walk back to Cornwall, where she died in Dock Lane, Penzance, 5th December 1855 and was buried in St. Mary’s church-yard where her grave can still be seen.

Mary Kelynack 1766 - 1855.

Your Cornish friend, Brian

78 Did Cornwall Give Britain its Name? Bill Curnow ([email protected])

Have you ever felt thunderstruck? Lightning flashed when I picked up Mike Ashley’s book A Brief History of British Kings & Queens and read a remarkable statement: “Britain was known to the Greeks as the Tin, or Pretanic, Isles, from whence the name Britain comes.” Could it be that Cornwall’s tin resulted in the name by which we all know Great Britain? Serious digging was in order to find the origin of the word Britain and the role tin played in the ancient world.

Long ago in high school Latin I learned that Britannia was the the name the Romans used for their distant colony on the large island west of Gaul. The Romans knew about Cornish tin at the earliest stage of their occupation of that island. In his military autobiography Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) described Britannia as “the place where tin is found” (nascitur ibi plumbum album).

Why was the tin found at the southwestern tip of Britannia important enough to gain the attention of the great general and leader of the Roman empire? Tin was as strategic a metal in his time as uranium is in our modern world. Copper and tin were the essential elements required to make the alloy that gave its name to a remarkable era of history, the Bronze Age. Caesar lived in the subsequent Iron Age, and bronze was well established technology long before he rose to power.

If the name Britain was derived from Britannia, what was the origin of that Latin name? The dictionary says Britannia comes from the Greek word Prettanoi. The letter “P” (Pi) easily mutates to “B” (Beta), and that’s apparently what the Romans heard when their Greek rivals spoke the word. That leaves us wondering whether the Greek name Prettanoi stems from somebody else’s earlier word with tin as its root meaning. Was it a name already in use when the Greek navigator Pytheas made his epic 4th century BC voyage out of the Mediterranean and north to the island where he met the tin traders of Cornwall?

In 1676 a Cambridge scholar named Ayllet Sammes said the name Britannia could be traced back to the Phoeni- cian word Bartanac or Barat-anac. Other British scholars echoed this theory during the 18th and 19th centuries. An 1891 edition of Scientific American magazine agreed and said, “It is impossible to fix the date at which the export trade in tin was commenced from the British Islands, but it is certain that it existed and was controlled by the Phoenicians when Herodatus wrote his history, 450 B.C.” Most considered the origin to be Phoenician, but others claimed that Barat -anac came from the Hebrew language. And that leads to new questions: Where did the Phoenicians get their word? What was the original root?

Let’s pause for two observations: First, it is true that countries were often named for the resources that drew early visitors to their shores. Examples are the Ivory Coast, the Gold Coast, and the Spice Islands. So it wouldn’t be surprising if ancient visitors called Cornwall’s island home the Land of Tin if tin were the reason for visiting that remote corner of the ancient world.

The second observation is that the Bronze Age had huge impact in the part of Asia we call the Near East. One need look no further than the Bible for proof that tin was well known in that part of the world. The Old Testament refers to tin at least five times, with three references in the book of Ezekiel written in the late 6th century BC: “Tarshish was your merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded for your wares.” (Ezekiel 27:12) Tin was a commodity well known in the ancient lands of the Mediterranean.

We have followed the name Britain as far back as Phoenicia, a land located on the eastern shore of the Mediter- ranean, including the Biblical land of Caanan as well as modern Lebanon. Can we push back to an even earlier origin? What was the most ancient name for tin itself?

At this stage the search leads us into a very foggy past. Language scholars aren’t certain of the origin of the Phoenician word Barat-anac, and many words were used for tin in nearby countries. The Hebrew people, neighbors of the Phoenicians, called the metal anak or bedil, the latter word used in Ezekiel. Those eastern Mediterranean people may have learned about tin from earlier civilizations farther east, possibly from the three kingdoms of Mesopotamia ly- ing in the “cradle of civilization” between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers on the land that is now Iraq, where the metal 79 Britannia con’t was called annaku in Assyria and annakum in Babylonia. It was nagga in Sumer, where the Bronze Age originated in the 4th millennium BC. A sound resembling “anak” may be as close as we can come to the earliest root word meaning tin.

As the Bronze Age spread, people coined new words for tin. Perhaps various names arose because there was no single dominant source for the metal or its ore in the ancient world. James D. Muhly, a scholar of ancient Near East lan- guages, suggests tin may have suffered from being less unique in appearance than other important metals such as copper and gold. People knew it by words as vague and imprecise as those used by Caesar, who called it “white lead” (plumbum album). The Greek word for the metal was cassiteros, from which the tin bearing mineral Cassiterite got its name. Chances are that neither Romans nor Greeks knew that “tin” was hidden in the names by which they knew the distant island where they secured supplies of the metal.

In the Cornish language tin is called sten, a name probably derived from the late Latin word stannum that also gave us the Sn symbol for tin familiar to chemists. And what about the origin of our own word tin? It is a simple word of Germanic origin that the Angles and brought with them to Britain, the Land of Tin.

(This essay is adapted from an article appearing in the Summer 2012 edition of Cornish Story Magazine, an on line publi- cation of the Institute of Cornish Studies and the Cornish Audio Visual Archive, http://www.cornishstory.com/magazine.html.)

Comment from Bill via email: I hope the article attracts a bit of response from your readers. I watched a show on the History Channel last evening that talked about the hugely strategic importance of tin back in the Bronze Age. It also made a point that I'd never heard before: It was the shortage of tin (and it's associated high price) that drove early metal- lurgists to develop the technology for iron smelting, thus leading civilization into the Iron Age that we remain in today.

Map drawn by Jim Herd (husband of one of Bill’s 2nd cousins)

80 New Members Member Renewals

Judy Castree Surnames; Menaugh, Minack, Minnick Kathie Oakden Surnames: Richards / St. Austell, Harris / 2220 Rio Vista Ct 334 Markland Drive , Ohio, Olver / , Tyward Rockford, IL Etobicoke, Ontario reath, Ontario, Canada, Colorado, 61107 M8C 1S4 Rowe // St. Austell, Butte, Montana, [email protected] Canada Vennard / Liskeard, St. Pinnock, Ohio 815-988-5707 416-626-7781 [email protected] Russell Boor Surnames: Werry/ Redruth, Crase / 5843 Agave Ln Illogan, Murcom / Luxulyan Marilyn Sellenkowitsch Surnames: Blewett / St. Agnes, Redruth, Las Cruces, NM 214 Confederation Drive Illogan, Harvey, Googh, Lannin / Devon, 88012-7002 Toronto, Ontario Crosscombe [email protected] M1G 181 575-382-7478 Canada 416-431-0141 Marlene Knutilla Surnames: Lean, Middleton / Redruth, [email protected] 2319 Oakwood Court Rosemergy, Trevithick / Sithney McHenry, IL William & Carin Thomas Surnames: Hendy, Cary / St. Martins 60051-4561 36 Gillian Crescent Thomas / Ludgren, Laity / St. Hilary, [email protected] St. Albert, Alberta Nancarrow / St. Just in Roseland, Kendell 815-344-3859 T8N 0W1 St. Mawes, Edwards / Gulval, Williams / Canada St. Just in Roseland (Germans) Linda Allen Surnames: Retallick / Luxylan, St. 780-459-8230 5435 Shepper Road Blazey [email protected] Stockbridge, MI 49285-9458 Burton & Patricia Corbus Surnames: Guynup / Gwennap [email protected] PO Box 5601 Corbus / Ludgvan 517-851-4500 Sarasota, FL 34277 Ross H. Penhallegon Surnames: Penhallegon & variations, [email protected] 940 S 43rd Street Jacka 941-921-0322 Springfield, OR 97478-6672 Sandra Laity Surnames: Laity / [email protected] 823 Pinewood Avenue 541-726-2043 Schenectady, NY 12309-6219 Merrill Williams Surnames: Tippett / St Euny, Redruth, [email protected] 348 Lark Ellen Avenue Morrish, Williams, Toy, see page 70 578-346-9184 Ojai, CA 93023-3065 Judy Vivian Surnames; Jewell / Launceston, Wasley, [email protected] 2178 State Road 39 Rule, Vivian, Stephens / Camborne, 805-646-0206 Dodgeville, WI Venning / Gimblets Mill, Laneast Parish, 93533-9127 Launceston, Buckett / , Cheryl Lynn Carter Surnames: Andrews / Falmouth, Johns / Germoe 27368 Delton Street Trestrail, Polkinhorne, Penberthy / Madison Heights, MI Redruth Harry & Carolyn Bray Surnames: Bray, Wootton, Parsons, 48071-3318 301 West Pennsylvania Avenue Sweet, Cowling [email protected] Pen Argyl, PA 248-548-3216 18072-2008 [email protected] Sandra Penhallegon Duncan Surnames: Penhallegon, Penhaligon / 610-863-9537 3842 Prestwick Lane SE St. Ives, Bodmin Olympia, WA John C. Rosemergy Surnames: Rosemergy, Burrows, Ellis, 98501-9105 4604 Ranch View Drive Martin / Sithney, Kea [email protected] Fort Worth, TX 76109-3235 Jill Penhallegon Durgin Surnames: Penhallegon, Penhaligon / [email protected] 4331 SE 166th Court St. Agnes 817-732-0609 Vancouver, WA 98683-8001 [email protected] 81 Renewals con’t: Lloyd & Barbara Timblin Surnames: Tippit, Semmens / St. Just, 355 Martin Drive Penzance Carol M. Degenkolb Surnames: Ann Waters / St. Austell, Boulder, CO 116 Knollwood Lane Jonathan Floyd / Gwinear, William 80305-3444 Crossville, TN Tregilgas / Gwennap, Trevaren, [email protected] 38558-5561 Mary Ann Hillman / Coryton, Devonshire 303-494-9398 [email protected] 931-456-7660 David : Cornish, Whitford, Basher, 821 Fairmount Avenue Pearn, Terrill / Redruth, Kenwyn, Carolyn J. Meuer Surnames: Harris, Ferrell, Sleep, King, St. Paul, MN Whitford / St. Agnes, Mt. Hawke 1104 Georgene Street Huxtable 55105-3341 Dodgeville, WI [email protected] 53532-1235 651-227-5194 [email protected] 608-935-3825

William K. Nicholas Surnames: Hitchens / Redruth, Bolitho, 1196 Ashland Mine Road Nicholas / St. Just in Penwith Ashland, OR 97520-9331 544-482-0259 Cornish

Nancy Rae Clark Surnames: Jewell, Treloar / Wendron, 14530 Mountain View Loop Nequs (Naques) Trezona, Rule, Osborn, Sister, OR Smith / Camborne Gathering 97759-9878 [email protected]

Bruce R. Polkinghorne Surnames: Polkinghorne / Redruth, Floyd 2014 3704 Scenic Drive Polkinghorne Cibolo, TX 78108-2229 [email protected] Milwaukee, Wisconsin 830-629-9961

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Jay Rowe Surnames: Rowe, James, Eddy / Gulval, 530 Quartz Drive Ludgvan, Lelant, Goldsworthy, Wearne, The inclusion of changes /new information from Hancock. MI Chynoweth / , Calstock continuing members with the listing of New Mem- 49930-1587 bers, plus Jim Thomas’ Members Interest Page [email protected] appear to have been encouraging an increase in Jeannine L. Brown Surnames: Sobee, Sobey, Sobye / Mylor correspondence or networking among family re- 21570 W. Boschome Drive and St. Winnow Parish, Menheniot etc. Kildeer, IL all parishes searchers! 60047-7825 [email protected] PLEASE be sure to advise the Membership Chair-

Barbara Curry Surnames: Trezona / Camborne person, Ron Carbis, of any changes in home ad- 6105 Eden Prairie Road dress, phone number or email address so that you Edina, MN 55436-1243 do not miss any contacts which would be helpful to 952-979-3289 you or fail to receive your Tam Kernewek and/or news bulletins or announcements from the Execu-

tive Board. 82

Officers of the Cornish American Heritage Society for the years 2009-2011.

President - Thomas Rusch, 528 Autumn Crest Dr., Watertown, WI 53094 - [email protected] 1st VP-Education, Nancy Oster Heydt, 1889 Union Place, The Villages, FL 32162 - [email protected] 2nd VP-Newsletter, Carolyn Haines, 3835 Bush Gardens Lane, Holt, MI 48842 - [email protected] Secretary - Jackie Marrone, 999 E. 71st Ave., Denver, CO 80229 - [email protected] Treasurer/Membership Chair, Ron Carbis, 13 Ives Place, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457 - [email protected] Historian - Richard W. Baker, 1520 Coventry Ct., Reedsburg, WI 53959 - [email protected]

Founding President - Paul Liddicoat, 1920-2001. Past President - Flora “Tommi” O’Hagan Tam Kernewek is published four times a year. Send articles to Carolyn Haines, EMAIL address above. DEADLINES ARE 15 FEBRUARY, 15 MAY, 15 AUGUST AND 15 NOVEMBER

Dues are payable to CAHS: Canadian residents’ dues are $14.00 per year for individuals and $21.00 for families. There are also individual life-time memberships available for $240.00. A Junior Membership is available for young people for $7.00 per year. Please send Canadian dues to Len Snell, Box 286, Waterdown, ON LOR 2HO Canada.

USA residents dues are $12.00/year for individuals and $18.00 for families. There is also individual life-time membership available for a lifetime $210.00 for individuals. Junior Membership available for young people at $5.00 per year. Please send USA dues to: Ron Carbis, 13 Saint Ives Place, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457 USA

Cornish Heritage Certificates are available to anyone whose ancestor(s) were born in Cornwall and settled in NA. Contact Jeanne Thomas, 3409 Elmwood Drive, Clio, MI 48420 USA for information and applications.

Cornish American Heritage Society Membership Application

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Dues: US $12 individual, $18 family, $210 Lifetime, $5 child. Send to Ron Carbis, 13 Saint Ives Place, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457 Canadian $14 individual, $21 family, $240 Lifetime, $7 child. Send to Len Snell, Box 286, Waterdown, ON LOR 2HO Canada

I also enclose $ for Paul Smales Memorial Fund to bring presenters from Cornwall to the Gatherings.

ContentsContents CalendarCalendar

President’sIONA, Cornish message Settlements 61 1-3 Kerwenek Lowender CornishTales Language of St. Just Lessons 62 3,10 St. Piran’sYorke Day Peninsula— March 5, 2011 CorrespondenceCorrespondence 63-644- 6 Celebrate withAustralia your local society The EveningEustice Family of Cornish Films 65 6 21-26 May 2013 The TheWar Cryof Words of Tin 66-677 kernewek.org Old Cornwall Society Books 67 The Cornish Have Talent 7 Kernewek Lowender Cornish Mining World Heritage 68 Items of Interest 8-10 Cornish Festival Pasty Flavored ‘Crisps’ 68 California Cousins 22nd Gathering 16th Gathering Ad Rates 11 Moonta, Kadina, Wallaroo, Australia Rick Rescorla, Greggs pasties 69 May 31-June 2, 2013 Six Celtic Nations 11 May 9-15, 2011 Help Needed, Kernewek Lowender 70 Humbug City, California ItemsPlease of Interest NOTE! 71-7211 www.kernewek.org NewRegistration Cornish National Form Library for Gathering 73 12 Inter-Celtic Festival PoetAnnual Laureate Gorsedd of USA Conference 74 14 (TBA) July or August, 2013 PastiesA Cornish to Afghanistan Christmas, Recipes 74 14 16th InternationalLorient, France Gathering KateTis Neale Me and Music 75 15 of Cornish Cousins LettersSteven from R. America Curnow Competition 75, 7715 17thMineral International Point, Wisconsin Gathering Member’sMember Interest Area Page 76 16-18 OfAugust Cornish 10 Cousins-14, 2011 26th Assembly of Bards, Australia 77 White Cross—a Poem 18 www.cornishfest.orgSummer 2014 Tis Me 78 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Cornwall and Britain name 79-80 cousinjack.org Member Information 81-82

Cornish American Heritage Society Ron Carbis, Treasurer 13 Saint Ives Place Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457

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ISSN 1085-1267