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The Palgrave Handbook of Relational Sociology BOURDIEU, COLLINS, DELEUZE, LATOUR, MAUSS, MANN, EAD, SERRES, SIMMEL, SOMERS, TARDE, TILLY, LUHMANN, WHITE, CROSSLEY, DÉPELTEAU, DONATI, EMIRBAYER, FUHSE, BOURDIEU, COLLINS, DELEUZE, LATOUR, MAUSS, MANN, MEAD, SERRES, SIMMEL, SOMERS, TARDE, TILLY, LUHMANN, WHITE, CROSSLEY, DÉPELTEAU, DONATI, EMIRBAYER, FUHSE, BOURDIEU, COLLINS, DELEUZE, LATOUR, MAUSS, MANN, MEAD, SERRES, SIMMEL, SOMERS, TARDE, TILLY, LUHMANN, WHITE, CROSSLEY, DÉPELTEAU, DONATI, EMIRBAYER, FUHSE, BOURDIEU, COLLINS, DELEUZE, LATOUR, MAUSS, MANN, MEAD, SERRES, SIMMEL, SOMERS, TARDE, TILLY, LUHMANN, WHITE, CROSSLEY, DÉPELTEAU, DONATI, EMIRBAYER, FUHSE, BOURDIEU, COLLINS, DELEUZE, LATOUR, MAUSS, MANN, MEAD, SERRES, SIMMEL, SOMERS, TARDE, TILLY, LUHMANN, WHITE, CROSSLEY, DÉPELTEAU, DONATI, EMIRBAYER, FUHSE, BOURDIEU, COLLINS, DELEUZE, LATOUR, MAUSS, MANN, MEAD, SERRES, SIMMEL, SOMERS, TARDE, TILLY, LUHMANN, WHITE, CROSSLEY, DÉPELTEAU, DONATI, EMIRBAYER, FUHSE, BOURDIEU, COLLINS, DELEUZE, LATOUR, MAUSS, MANN, MEAD, SERRES, SIMMEL, SOMERS, TARDE, TILLY, LUHMANN, WHITE, CROSSLEY, DÉPELTEAU, DONATI, EMIRBAYER, FUHSE, BOURDIEU, COLLINS, DELEUZE, LATOUR, MAUSS, MANN, WHITE, CROSSLEY, DÉPELTEAU, DONATI, EMIRBAYER, FUHSE, THE PALGRAVE HANDBOOK OF RELATIONAL SOCIOLOGY Edited by François Dépelteau François Dépelteau Editor The Palgrave Handbook of Relational Sociology Editor François Dépelteau Laurentian University Sudbury, Ontario, Canada ISBN 978-3-319-66004-2 ISBN 978-3-319-66005-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66005-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017963365 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover design by Jenny Vong Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland CONTENTS Part I General Presentations of Relational Sociology 1 1 Relational Thinking in Sociology: Relevance, Concurrence and Dissonance 3 François Dépelteau 2 The Relation as Magical Operator: Overcoming the Divide Between Relational and Processual Sociology 35 Frédéric Vandenberghe Part II Approaches and Theories Associated with Relational Sociology 59 Section A Pragmatism, Interactions and ‘Assemblages’ 61 3 Sociology of Infinitesimal Difference. Gabriel Tarde’s Heritage 63 Sergio Tonkonoff 4 Pluralism and Relationalism in Social Theory: Lessons from the Tarde–Durkheim Debate 85 David Toews 5 G.H. Mead and Relational Sociology: The Case of Concepts 101 Jean-François Côté xv xvi CONTENTS 6 Pragmatist Methodological Relationalism in Sociological Understanding of Evolving Human Culture 119 Osmo Kivinen and Tero Piiroinen 7 Deleuze and Relational Sociology 143 Peter Lenco 8 Triangular Relations 161 Olli Pyyhtinen 9 Bruno Latour and Relational Sociology 183 Christian Papilloud Section B Social Forms, System Theories and Network Analysis 199 10 Georg Simmel and Relational Sociology 201 Christian Papilloud 11 Georg Simmel’s Concept of Forms of Association as an Analytical Tool for Relational Sociology 217 Natàlia Cantó-Milà 12 Switchings Among Netdoms: The Relational Sociology of Harrison C. White 231 Jorge Fontdevila 13 Relationalism and Social Networks 271 Emily Erikson 14 Is Niklas Luhmann a Relational Sociologist? 289 Jean-Sébastien Guy Section C Power Relations, Inequalities and Conflicts 305 15 Charles Tilly and Relational Sociology 307 Chares Demetriou CONTENTS xvii 16 Mann and Relational Sociology 325 Tõnis Saarts and Peeter Selg 17 Pierre Bourdieu and Relational Sociology 343 Christian Papilloud and Eva-Maria Schultze 18 Relational Sociology and Postcolonial Theory: Sketches of a “Postcolonial Relationalism” 357 Julian Go 19 Shorelines, Seashells, and Seeds: Feminist Epistemologies, Ecological Thinking, and Relational Ontologies 375 Andrea Doucet Part III Main Current Approaches in Relational Sociology 393 20 Beyond the Manifesto: Mustafa Emirbayer and Relational Sociology 395 Lily Liang and Sida Liu 21 Critical Realism as Relational Sociology 413 Douglas V. Porpora 22 An Original Relational Sociology Grounded in Critical Realism 431 Pierpaolo Donati 23 Deconstructing and Reconstructing Social Networks 457 Jan A. Fuhse 24 Networks, Interactions and Relations 481 Nick Crossley 25 From the Concept of ‘Trans-Action’ to a Process-Relational Sociology 499 François Dépelteau xviii CONTENTS Part IV Specific Issues and Concepts in Relational Sociology 521 26 Relational Agency 523 Ian Burkitt 27 Power and Relational Sociology 539 Peeter Selg 28 Relational Radicalization 559 Chares Demetriou and Eitan Y. Alimi 29 The Relational Meaning-Making of Riots: Narrative Logic and Network Performance of the London “Riots” 579 Christian Morgner 30 Music Sociology in Relational Perspective 601 Nick Crossley 31 Relational Sociology: Contributions to Understanding Residential Relocation Decisions in Later Life 621 Sarah Hillcoat-Nallétamby 32 Relations, Organising, Leadership and Education 641 Scott Eacott 33 Marcel Mauss, the Gift and Relational Sociology 663 Christian Papilloud Index 677 CHAPTER 22 An Original Relational Sociology Grounded in Critical Realism Pierpaolo Donati 1 CONTENTS This chapter presents an original version of relational sociology (critical realist relational sociology, or CRRS), developed beginning in 1983, which is also called ‘relational theory of society’. It shares with the other relational sociologies the idea of avoiding both methodological individualism and holism. The main differences reside in the way social relations are defined, the kind of reality that is attributed to them, how they configure social formations, and the ways in which social relations are generated (emergence) and changed (morphogenesis). In particular, this approach is suited to understanding how the morphogenesis of society comes about through social relations, which are the mediators between agency and social structure. The generative mecha- nisms that feed social change lie in the dynamics of the networks of social relations (not simply networks of nodes), which alter the molecular composi- tion constituting structures already in place. The scope of CRRS is threefold. Theoretically, it can orient social research toward unseen and/or immaterial realities (the same relations are intangibles). Empirically, it can show how new social forms/formations are created, transformed, or destroyed depending on different processes of valorization or devalorization of social relations. Finally, it can help us design and implement social policies and welfare services based on networking interventions. P. Donati (*) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy © The Author(s) 2018 431 F. Dépelteau (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Relational Sociology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66005-9_22 432 P. DONATI 2 THE STARTING POINT AND DEVELOPMENT OF CRRS My relational sociology originated as a sociological approach aimed at overcoming the limits of classical and contemporary sociologies with a more general theory able to include partial points of view and, at the same time, to connect them with one another (Donati 1983). My initial inspiration was the criticism of action sociologies and system sociologies in as much as they are reductive views of social reality. I proposed that such a critique would benefit from the adoption of the category of the social relation as the basic concept that designates the smallest unit of the social fabric and, therefore, of sociological analysis. For me, the social relation is simul- taneously ‘the great unknown’ and the unifying principle of reality, containing within itself a unique and fundamental property: that of connecting (uniting) the elements of the social sphere while at the same time it promotes their dif- ferentiation. It is in this property that we find what I call the enigma‘ ’ of the relation (Donati 2015a), which consists in the fact that it connects diverse terms (or entities) through differentiation processes that are, at the same time, conflictual and integrative. In the historical moment in which I wrote Introduction to Relational Sociology (early 1980s), there certainly existed many proposals for overcoming the opposition between action theories and system theories. A ‘multidimen- sional sociology’ was discussed involving an alternation between
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