Simple Exercises for Learning Basic Unix/Linux Commands
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Copy — Copy file from Disk Or URL
Title stata.com copy — Copy file from disk or URL Syntax Description Options Remarks and examples Also see Syntax copy filename1 filename2 , options filename1 may be a filename or a URL. filename2 may be the name of a file or a directory. If filename2 is a directory name, filename1 will be copied to that directory. filename2 may not be a URL. Note: Double quotes may be used to enclose the filenames, and the quotes must be used if the filename contains embedded blanks. options Description public make filename2 readable by all text interpret filename1 as text file and translate to native text format replace may overwrite filename2 replace does not appear in the dialog box. Description copy copies filename1 to filename2. Options public specifies that filename2 be readable by everyone; otherwise, the file will be created according to the default permissions of your operating system. text specifies that filename1 be interpreted as a text file and be translated to the native form of text files on your computer. Computers differ on how end-of-line is recorded: Unix systems record one line-feed character, Windows computers record a carriage-return/line-feed combination, and Mac computers record just a carriage return. text specifies that filename1 be examined to determine how it has end-of-line recorded and that the line-end characters be switched to whatever is appropriate for your computer when the copy is made. There is no reason to specify text when copying a file already on your computer to a different location because the file would already be in your computer’s format. -
COMP11 Lab 1: What the Diff?
COMP11 Lab 1: What the Diff? In this lab you will learn how to write programs that will pass our grading software with flying colors. Navigate into your COMP11 directory and download the starter code for this lab with the following command: pull-code11 lab01 (and then to see what you've got) cd lab01 ls You Do Like We Do (15 mins) There is nothing magical about how we test and grade your programs. We run your program, give it a preselected input, and check to see if its output matches our expectation. This process is repeated until we're convinced that your solution is fully functional. In this lab we will walk you through that process so that you can test your programs in the same way. Surely you recall running our encrypt demo program in Lab 0. Run this program again and specify the word \tufts" as the word to encrypt (recall that you must first enter \use comp11" if you have not added this command to your .cshrc profile). Nothing new here. But what if you wanted to do that again? What if you wanted to do it 100 more times? Having to type \tufts" during every single execution would get old fast. It would be great if you could automate the process of entering that input. Well good news: you can. It's called \redirecting". The basic concept here is simple: instead of manually entering input, you can save that input into a separate file and tell your program to read that file as if the user were entering its contents. -
DC Console Using DC Console Application Design Software
DC Console Using DC Console Application Design Software DC Console is easy-to-use, application design software developed specifically to work in conjunction with AML’s DC Suite. Create. Distribute. Collect. Every LDX10 handheld computer comes with DC Suite, which includes seven (7) pre-developed applications for common data collection tasks. Now LDX10 users can use DC Console to modify these applications, or create their own from scratch. AML 800.648.4452 Made in USA www.amltd.com Introduction This document briefly covers how to use DC Console and the features and settings. Be sure to read this document in its entirety before attempting to use AML’s DC Console with a DC Suite compatible device. What is the difference between an “App” and a “Suite”? “Apps” are single applications running on the device used to collect and store data. In most cases, multiple apps would be utilized to handle various operations. For example, the ‘Item_Quantity’ app is one of the most widely used apps and the most direct means to take a basic inventory count, it produces a data file showing what items are in stock, the relative quantities, and requires minimal input from the mobile worker(s). Other operations will require additional input, for example, if you also need to know the specific location for each item in inventory, the ‘Item_Lot_Quantity’ app would be a better fit. Apps can be used in a variety of ways and provide the LDX10 the flexibility to handle virtually any data collection operation. “Suite” files are simply collections of individual apps. Suite files allow you to easily manage and edit multiple apps from within a single ‘store-house’ file and provide an effortless means for device deployment. -
Shell Scripting with Bash
Introduction to Shell Scripting with Bash Charles Jahnke Research Computing Services Information Services & Technology Topics for Today ● Introductions ● Basic Terminology ● How to get help ● Command-line vs. Scripting ● Variables ● Handling Arguments ● Standard I/O, Pipes, and Redirection ● Control Structures (loops and If statements) ● SCC Job Submission Example Research Computing Services Research Computing Services (RCS) A group within Information Services & Technology at Boston University provides computing, storage, and visualization resources and services to support research that has specialized or highly intensive computation, storage, bandwidth, or graphics requirements. Three Primary Services: ● Research Computation ● Research Visualization ● Research Consulting and Training Breadth of Research on the Shared Computing Cluster (SCC) Me ● Research Facilitator and Administrator ● Background in biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, and IT systems ● Offices on both CRC and BUMC ○ Most of our staff on the Charles River Campus, some dedicated to BUMC ● Contact: [email protected] You ● Who has experience programming? ● Using Linux? ● Using the Shared Computing Cluster (SCC)? Basic Terminology The Command-line The line on which commands are typed and passed to the shell. Username Hostname Current Directory [username@scc1 ~]$ Prompt Command Line (input) The Shell ● The interface between the user and the operating system ● Program that interprets and executes input ● Provides: ○ Built-in commands ○ Programming control structures ○ Environment -
UNIX Cheat Sheet – Sarah Medland Help on Any Unix Command List a Directory Change to Directory Make a New Directory Remove A
THE 2013 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR HUMAN GENOMIC STUDIES UNIX cheat sheet – Sarah Medland Help on any Unix command man {command} Type man ls to read the manual for the ls command. which {command} Find out where a program is installed whatis {command} Give short description of command. List a directory ls {path} ls -l {path} Long listing, with date, size and permisions. ls -R {path} Recursive listing, with all subdirs. Change to directory cd {dirname} There must be a space between. cd ~ Go back to home directory, useful if you're lost. cd .. Go back one directory. Make a new directory mkdir {dirname} Remove a directory/file rmdir {dirname} Only works if {dirname} is empty. rm {filespec} ? and * wildcards work like DOS should. "?" is any character; "*" is any string of characters. Print working directory pwd Show where you are as full path. Copy a file or directory cp {file1} {file2} cp -r {dir1} {dir2} Recursive, copy directory and all subdirs. cat {newfile} >> {oldfile} Append newfile to end of oldfile. Move (or rename) a file mv {oldfile} {newfile} Moving a file and renaming it are the same thing. View a text file more {filename} View file one screen at a time. less {filename} Like more , with extra features. cat {filename} View file, but it scrolls. page {filename} Very handy with ncftp . nano {filename} Use text editor. head {filename} show first 10 lines tail {filename} show last 10 lines Compare two files diff {file1} {file2} Show the differences. sdiff {file1} {file2} Show files side by side. Other text commands grep '{pattern}' {file} Find regular expression in file. -
Understanding MPLS OAM Capabilities to Troubleshoot MPLS Networks
Understanding MPLS OAM capabilities to troubleshoot MPLS Networks Mukhtiar A. Shaikh ([email protected]) Moiz Moizuddin ([email protected]) 1 Agenda • MPLS Overview • Existing Ping/Trace Capabilities • LSP Ping/Trace –Theory of Operation –MPLS Echo Packet –Configuration and Troubleshooting Using LSP Ping/Trace •LSP Ping •LSP Trace –AToM VCCV • Summary 222 MPLS OAM Overview • Converged network implies a wide range of applications and OAM needs • IP Based Tools A flexible set of tools LSP Ping / Traceroute End-End OAM Attachment VC OAM’s MPLS OAM Attachment VC OAM’s Ingress Egress LSP Created by LDP and/or RSVP-TE CE PE PE CE PWE3 or VPN Label 333 Agenda • MPLS Overview • Existing Ping/Trace Capabilities • LSP Ping/Trace –Theory of Operation –MPLS Echo Packet –Configuration and Troubleshooting Using LSP Ping/Trace •LSP Ping •LSP Trace –AToM VCCV • Summary 444 IP Ping • PING makes use of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) protocol • Ping message of 2 types type=8: ICMP echo request messages type=0: ICMP echo reply message • Optional data field is used to store the time at which the ICMP echo request message has been send • The Round Trip Time (RTT) 555 IP Traceroute • Traceroute makes use of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) protocol and TTL field on the IP header • Traceroute is sent in a UDP packet encapsulated on an IP packet • TTL-field of an IP datagram is processed by each hop in two possible ways If a hop holds IP-datagram for more than one second, it decrements the TTL-field of that IP datagram by the number -
Introduction to Linux – Part 1
Introduction to Linux – Part 1 Brett Milash and Wim Cardoen Center for High Performance Computing May 22, 2018 ssh Login or Interactive Node kingspeak.chpc.utah.edu Batch queue system … kp001 kp002 …. kpxxx FastX ● https://www.chpc.utah.edu/documentation/software/fastx2.php ● Remote graphical sessions in much more efficient and effective way than simple X forwarding ● Persistence - can be disconnected from without closing the session, allowing users to resume their sessions from other devices. ● Licensed by CHPC ● Desktop clients exist for windows, mac, and linux ● Web based client option ● Server installed on all CHPC interactive nodes and the frisco nodes. Windows – alternatives to FastX ● Need ssh client - PuTTY ● http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html - XShell ● http://www.netsarang.com/download/down_xsh.html ● For X applications also need X-forwarding tool - Xming (use Mesa version as needed for some apps) ● http://www.straightrunning.com/XmingNotes/ - Make sure X forwarding enabled in your ssh client Linux or Mac Desktop ● Just need to open up a terminal or console ● When running applications with graphical interfaces, use ssh –Y or ssh –X Getting Started - Login ● Download and install FastX if you like (required on windows unless you already have PuTTY or Xshell installed) ● If you have a CHPC account: - ssh [email protected] ● If not get a username and password: - ssh [email protected] Shell Basics q A Shell is a program that is the interface between you and the operating system -
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet - Command line interface (as opposed to a GUI - graphical user interface) - Used to execute programs - Commands are small programs that do something useful - There are many commands already included with Windows, but we will use a few. - A filepath is where you are in the filesystem • C: is the C drive • C:\user\Documents is the Documents folder • C:\user\Documents\hello.c is a file in the Documents folder Command What it Does Usage dir Displays a list of a folder’s files dir (shows current folder) and subfolders dir myfolder cd Displays the name of the current cd filepath chdir directory or changes the current chdir filepath folder. cd .. (goes one directory up) md Creates a folder (directory) md folder-name mkdir mkdir folder-name rm Deletes a folder (directory) rm folder-name rmdir rmdir folder-name rm /s folder-name rmdir /s folder-name Note: if the folder isn’t empty, you must add the /s. copy Copies a file from one location to copy filepath-from filepath-to another move Moves file from one folder to move folder1\file.txt folder2\ another ren Changes the name of a file ren file1 file2 rename del Deletes one or more files del filename exit Exits batch script or current exit command control echo Used to display a message or to echo message turn off/on messages in batch scripts type Displays contents of a text file type myfile.txt fc Compares two files and displays fc file1 file2 the difference between them cls Clears the screen cls help Provides more details about help (lists all commands) DOS/Command Prompt help command commands Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754340.aspx. -
How to Find out the IP Address of an Omron
Communications Middleware/Network Browser How to find an Omron Controller’s IP address Valin Corporation | www.valin.com Overview • Many Omron PLC’s have Ethernet ports or Ethernet port options • The IP address for a PLC is usually changed by the programmer • Most customers do not mark the controller with IP address (label etc.) • Very difficult to communicate to the PLC over Ethernet if the IP address is unknown. Valin Corporation | www.valin.com Simple Ethernet Network Basics IP address is up to 12 digits (4 octets) Ex:192.168.1.1 For MOST PLC programming applications, the first 3 octets are the network address and the last is the node address. In above example 192.168.1 is network address, 1 is node address. For devices to communicate on a simple network: • Every device IP Network address must be the same. • Every device node number must be different. Device Laptop EX: Omron PLC 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 Device Laptop EX: Omron PLC 127.27.250.5 192.168.1.1 Device Laptop EX: Omron PLC 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.1 Valin Corporation | www.valin.com Omron Default IP Address • Most Omron Ethernet devices use one of the following IP addresses by default. Omron PLC 192.168.250.1 OR 192.168.1.1 Valin Corporation | www.valin.com PING Command • PING is a way to check if the device is connected (both virtually and physically) to the network. • Windows Command Prompt command. • PC must use the same network number as device (See previous) • Example: “ping 172.21.90.5” will test to see if a device with that IP address is connected to the PC. -
Disk Clone Industrial
Disk Clone Industrial USER MANUAL Ver. 1.0.0 Updated: 9 June 2020 | Contents | ii Contents Legal Statement............................................................................... 4 Introduction......................................................................................4 Cloning Data.................................................................................................................................... 4 Erasing Confidential Data..................................................................................................................5 Disk Clone Overview.......................................................................6 System Requirements....................................................................................................................... 7 Software Licensing........................................................................................................................... 7 Software Updates............................................................................................................................. 8 Getting Started.................................................................................9 Disk Clone Installation and Distribution.......................................................................................... 12 Launching and initial Configuration..................................................................................................12 Navigating Disk Clone.....................................................................................................................14 -
Mac Keyboard Shortcuts Cut, Copy, Paste, and Other Common Shortcuts
Mac keyboard shortcuts By pressing a combination of keys, you can do things that normally need a mouse, trackpad, or other input device. To use a keyboard shortcut, hold down one or more modifier keys while pressing the last key of the shortcut. For example, to use the shortcut Command-C (copy), hold down Command, press C, then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards often use symbols for certain keys, including the modifier keys: Command ⌘ Option ⌥ Caps Lock ⇪ Shift ⇧ Control ⌃ Fn If you're using a keyboard made for Windows PCs, use the Alt key instead of Option, and the Windows logo key instead of Command. Some Mac keyboards and shortcuts use special keys in the top row, which include icons for volume, display brightness, and other functions. Press the icon key to perform that function, or combine it with the Fn key to use it as an F1, F2, F3, or other standard function key. To learn more shortcuts, check the menus of the app you're using. Every app can have its own shortcuts, and shortcuts that work in one app may not work in another. Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts Shortcut Description Command-X Cut: Remove the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard. Command-C Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder. Command-V Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder. Command-Z Undo the previous command. You can then press Command-Shift-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. -
Andv's Favorite Milk Oualitv Dairv Comp Commands Bulk Tank SCC
Andv's Favorite Milk Oualitv Dairv Comp Commands Bulk Tank SCC Contribution: Command: ECON Select 6 This gives you the contribution of each cow to the bulk tank SCC. I find in most herds, the top 1% high SCC cows usually contribute less than 20o/o of the total SCC. When you see the number go to 25o/o or higher. you know that high producing cows are the main contributors. You can see the effect of removins cows from the herd on the bulk tank SCC. General Herd Information Command: Sum milk dim scc lgscc prvlg logl drylg for milk>o lact>O by lctgp This gives you a quick summary of each lactation to review. It puts all factors on one page so you can determine areas of concern. Herd SCC Status: Command: Sum lgscc=4 lgscc=6 for lgscc>O by lctgp This gives you the status of the SCC of all cows on test by lactation group and by herd. It will show you the number and percentage of cows with SCC of 200,000 and less, the number and percentage of cows with SCC of 201,000 to 800,000 and the number and percentage of cows with SCC over 800,000. My goal is to have at least 80% of all animals in the herd under 200,000. I want at least 85% of first lactation animals, 80% of second lactation animals, andl5o/o of third/older lactation animals with SCC under 200,000. New Infection Rate: Command: Sum lgscc:4 prvlg:4 for lgscc>O prvlg>O by lctgp This command only compares cows that were tested last month to the same cows tested this month.