DOCSLIB.ORG

Reproductive Trade-Offs in Benthic Decapod Crustaceans of High Southern Latitudes: Tolerante of Cold and Food Limitation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reproductive Trade-Offs in Benthic Decapod Crustaceans of High Southern Latitudes: Tolerante of Cold and Food Limitation Reproductive trade-offs in benthic decapod crustaceans of high southern latitudes: tolerante of cold and food limitation Reproduktionsstrategien benthischer Zehnfußkrebs hoher südlicheBreitengrade: Toleranz von Kält und Nahrungsmangel Sven Thatje Ber. Polarforsch. Meeresforsch. 483 (2004) ISSN 1618 - 3193 The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science. Albert Einstein Die vorliegende Arbeit ist die kaum verändert Fassung einer kumulativen Dissertation, die in der Sektion "Vergleichende Ökosystemforschung bei Prof. Dr. Wolf E. Arntz angefertigt und dem Fachbereich 2 (BiologieIChemie) der Universitä Bremen im April 2003 vorgelegt wurde. CONTENTS Summary .................................................................................................................... I11 Zusammenfassung ......................................................................................................IV 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................1 1. 1 DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS IN POLAR AREAS ................................................1 1.2 SYSTEMATICS AND SPECIES STUDIED .........................................................2 1.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................4 1.4 AIM OF THIS STUDY .........................................................................................4 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS ...................................................................................6 2.1 SAMPLING AND STUDY AREAS ......................................................................6 2.1 .1 Study areas ......................................................................................................6 2.1.2 Plankton sampling ............................................................................................6 2.1.3 Capture and maintenance of ovigerous females ...............................................8 2.1.4 Rearing of larvae ............................................................................................9 22SAMPLE TREATMENT .....................................................................................10 2.2.1 Morphological studies .....................................................................................10 2.2.2 Total lipid content and fatty acid analyses .......................................................10 2.2.3 Protein analyses............................................................................................. 11 2.2.4 Analyses of elemental composition, dry mass (W), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N).............................................................................. 11 2.3 DATA ANALYSES ............................................................................................12 2.3.1 Cluster analyses .............................................................................................12 2.3.2 Statistics ........................................................................................................12 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................................14 3.1 PLASTICITY IN CARIDEAN REPRODUCTION: A LATITUDINAL VIEW ............14 3.2 REPTANT DECAPODS IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN ......................................17 3.2.1 Antarctic reptant decapods: only a myth? .......................................................17 3.2.2 Reproductive modes in Southern Ocean lithodid anomurans ..........................21 3.2.3 Challenging the cold: the return of crabs to the Antarctic? ...............................29 3.3 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES ...............................................................................31 4 PUBLICATIONS ......................................................................................................33 Publication I: Thatje. S., 2003 . Campylonotus arntzianus. a new species of the Campylonotidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from the Scotia Sea (Antarctica) . Polar Biology 26: 242-248............................................................. 36 Publication 11: Thatje. S., Bacardit. R., 2000 . Morphological variability in larval stages of Nauticaris magellanica (A . Milne Edwards. 1891) (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) from South American waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 66 (2): 375-398 ........................................................................................................... 43 Publication III: Thatje. S., Bacardit. R., Romero. M.C., Tapella. F., Lovrich. G.A., 2001 . Description and key to the zoeal stages of the Campylonotidae (Decapoda: Caridea) from the Magellan Region. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 21 (2): 492-505 ................................................................................................67 CONTENTS Publication IV: Thatje, S., Lovrich, G.A., Anger, K., 2004. Egg production, hatching rates, and abbreviated larval development of Campylonotus vagans Bate, 1888 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in subantarctic waters. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology DOI 10.1016/J.JEMBE.2003.09.101..................... 81 Publication V: Thatje, S., Lovrich, G.A., Hagen, W., Torres, G., Anger, K., 2004. Changes in biomass, lipid, fatty acid and elemental composition during the abbreviated larval development of the subantarctic shrimp Campylonotus vagans. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology D01 10. 1016/J.JEMBE.2003.09.019........................................................................ 94 Publication VI: Thatje, S., Schnack-Schiel, S., Arntz, W.E., 2003. Developmental trade-offs in Subantarctic meroplankton communities and the enigma of low decapod diversity in high southern latitudes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 260: 195-207.................................................................................................. 1 1 0 Publication VII: Lovrich, G.A., Thatje, S., Calcagno, J.A., Anger, K., Kaffenberger, A., 2003. Changes in biomass and chemical composition during lecithotrophic larval development of the Southern king crab Lithodes santolla (Molina). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 288: 65-79 .................... 123 Publication VIII: Anger, K., Thatje, S., Lovrich, G.A., Calcagno, J.A., 2003. Larval and early juvenile development of Paralomis granulosa reared at different temperatures: tolerance of cold and food limitation in a lithodid crab from high latitudes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 253: 243-251 ................................ 138 Publication IX: Thatje, S., Fuentes, V., 2003. First record of anomuran and brachyuran larvae (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Antarctic waters. Polar Biology 26: 279-282 ................................................................................................... I47 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................151 6 REFERENCES .................................................................................................. .... 153 SUMMARY Caridean shrimps comprise the only decapod infraorder in the markedly impoverished high Antarctic decapod fauna. Their presence, with about a dozen species only, was previously assigned to their capability of down-regulating high haemolymph magnesium ([Mg2+IHL)concentrations at low temperatures. This regulation is missing or insufficient in reptant decapods, affecting in particular their scope of activity. This deficiency has been hypothesised as one important factor explaining their extinction during Antarctic cooling in the Tertiary, as evidenced by the fossil record. The present work demonstrates an ecological adaptation in the early life history of decapods to ecophysiological constraints in the cold, primarily a mismatch between reproductive traits and a marked seasonality of primary production and low temperatures increasing with latitude, It is shown that on a macroecological scale, natant decapods show remarkable plasticity in changing their early life history Patterns with latitude and decreasing water temperature. These changes include, for example, an increase in egg size, hatching of large and advanced larvae and a reduction of fecundity with latitude. Energy saving traits to abbreviate larval developments such as a strong suppression of the number of instars, low metabolic losses in very thin exuviae during fewer moults, and a loss of highly variable developmental pathways compared to lower latitides, are ouserved already in the Subantarctic realm of southernmost America. Early larvae generally present a high resistance to starvation, which in combination with an abbreviated larval development allows for a better synchronisation with peaks in food availability. However, caridean larvae rely on primary production, and the evolutionary step towards complete endotrophic larval development, possibly due to phylogenetic constraint, is almost unknown in marine shrimps. The need for food in planktotrophic and extended larval development of ancestor reptants, and the lacking resistance of larvae to starvation as well as their low tendency of suppressing the number of larval instars, is herein supposed to have selected against Reptantia at high latitudes. However, it is shown that lithodid crabs, which evolved fairly recently about 13 to 25 Ma ago, did develop early life history adaptations to cold environments. Two lithodid crab species from the Subantarctic Magellan region (Lithodes santolla, Paralomis granulosa) developed complete food
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Classification of Living and Fossil Genera of Decapod Crustaceans
    RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2009 Supplement No. 21: 1–109 Date of Publication: 15 Sep.2009 © National University of Singapore A CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING AND FOSSIL GENERA OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS Sammy De Grave1, N. Dean Pentcheff 2, Shane T. Ahyong3, Tin-Yam Chan4, Keith A. Crandall5, Peter C. Dworschak6, Darryl L. Felder7, Rodney M. Feldmann8, Charles H. J. M. Fransen9, Laura Y. D. Goulding1, Rafael Lemaitre10, Martyn E. Y. Low11, Joel W. Martin2, Peter K. L. Ng11, Carrie E. Schweitzer12, S. H. Tan11, Dale Tshudy13, Regina Wetzer2 1Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] 2Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007 United States of America [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 3Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity, NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] 4Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China [email protected] 5Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 United States of America [email protected] 6Dritte Zoologische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria [email protected] 7Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504 United States of America [email protected] 8Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 United States of America [email protected] 9Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands [email protected] 10Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th and Constitution Avenue, Washington, DC 20560 United States of America [email protected] 11Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 12Department of Geology, Kent State University Stark Campus, 6000 Frank Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • Podding of Paralomis Granulosa
    Nauplius ORIGINAL ARTICLE Podding of Paralomis granulosa (Lithodidae) juveniles inhabiting kelp forests of the Cape Horn e-ISSN 2358-2936 www.scielo.br/nau Archipelago (Chile) www.crustacea.org.br Ivan Cañete1 orcid.org/0000-0002-1293-886X Alan M. Friedlander2,3 orcid.org/0000-0003-4858-006X Enric Sala2 orcid.org/0000-0003-4730-3570 Tania Figueroa1 orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-4924 1 Department of Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University of Magallanes. Punta Arenas, Chile. IC E-mail: [email protected] TF E-mail: [email protected] 2 Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society. Washington DC, United States of America ES E-mail: [email protected] 3 Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii. Kaneohe, Hawaii. United States of America. AMF E-mail: [email protected] ZOOBANK: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A40E315A-4C8E-4FB7- A6CB-8AF9973CFBDF ABSTRACT Subtidal observations along the Cape Horn Archipelago, Chile (CHA) in February 2017 revealed an unusually large aggregation (or pod) of juvenile false king crabs, Paralomis granulosa (Hombron and Jacquinot, 1846), in association with kelp forests (Macrocystis pyrifera and Lessonia spp.). This is the first study to report a dense aggregation of juveniles of this crab, which was observed at Wollaston Island (WI) (~ 10 m). Paralomis granulosa was present on half the transects at WI (N=10), with a density of 3.1 ± 9.9 ind. m-2. Photographs from the podding event showed densities of P. granulosa ranging from 63 to 367 ind. plant-1 (190 ± 133 ind. plant-1).
    [Show full text]
  • Challenging the Cold: Crabs Reconquer the Antarctic
    Ecology, 86(3), 2005, pp. 619±625 q 2005 by the Ecological Society of America CHALLENGING THE COLD: CRABS RECONQUER THE ANTARCTIC SVEN THATJE,1,5 KLAUS ANGER,2 JAVIER A. CALCAGNO,3 GUSTAVO A. LOVRICH,4 HANS-OTTO POÈ RTNER,1 AND WOLF E. ARNTZ1 1Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstr. D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany 2Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Foundation Alfred Wegener Institute, Helgoland, Germany 3Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente GuÈiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientõ®cas y TeÂcnicas, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientõ®cas, CC 92, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina Abstract. Recent records of lithodid crabs in deeper waters off the Antarctic continental slope raised the question of the return of crabs to Antarctic waters, following their extinction in the lower Miocene ;15 million years ago. Antarctic cooling may be responsible for the impoverishment of the marine high Antarctic decapod fauna, presently comprising only ®ve benthic shrimp species. Effects of polar conditions on marine life, including lowered metabolic rates and short seasonal food availability, are discussed as main evolutionary driving forces shaping Antarctic diversity. In particular, planktotrophic larval stages should be vulnerable to the mismatch of prolonged development and short periods of food avail- ability, selecting against complex life cycles. We hypothesize that larval lecithotrophy and cold tolerance, as recently observed in Subantarctic lithodids, represent, together with other adaptations in the adults, key features among the life-history adaptations of lithodids, potentially enabling them to conquer polar ecosystems. The return of benthic top predators to high Antarctic waters under conditions of climate change would considerably alter the benthic communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Biomass and Chemical Composition During Lecithotrophic Larval Development of the Southern Stone Crab Paralomis Granulosa
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 257: 189–196, 2003 Published August 7 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Changes in biomass and chemical composition during lecithotrophic larval development of the southern stone crab Paralomis granulosa Javier A. Calcagno1,*, Sven Thatje2, Klaus Anger3, Gustavo A. Lovrich4, Antje Kaffenberger3 1Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Lab 64, 4to Piso, Pab II, Cdad Universitaria C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, PO Box 120 161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany 3Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Stiftung Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany 4Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, CADIC, CC 92, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina ABSTRACT: Changes in biomass and elemental composition (dry mass, W; carbon, C; nitrogen, N; hy- drogen, H) were studied in the laboratory during complete larval and early juvenile development of the southern stone crab Paralomis granulosa (Jacquinot). At 6 ± 0.5°C; total larval development from hatching to metamorphosis lasted ca. 56 d, comprising 2 demersal zoeal stages and a benthic mega- lopa, with mean stage durations of 5, 11 and 45 d, respectively. All larval stages of P. granulosa are lecithotrophic, and first feeding and growth were consistently observed immediately after meta- morphosis to the first juvenile crab stage. Regardless of presence or absence of food, W, C, N, and H decreased throughout larval development. Also the C:N mass ratio decreased significantly, from 7.2 at hatching to 4.2 at metamorphosis, indicating that a large initial lipid store remaining from the egg yolk was gradually utilised as an internal energy source.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panamic Biota: Some Observations Prior to a Sea-Level Canal
    Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington No. 2 THE PANAMIC BIOTA: SOME OBSERVATIONS PRIOR TO A SEA-LEVEL CANAL A Symposium Sponsored by The Biological Society of Washington The Conservation Foundation The National Museum of Natural History The Smithsonian Institution MEREDITH L. JONES, Editor September 28, 1972 CONTENTS Foreword The Editor - - - - - - - - - - Introduction Meredith L. Jones ____________ vi A Tribute to Waldo Lasalle Schmitt George A. Llano 1 Background for a New, Sea-Level, Panama Canal David Challinor - - - - - - - - - - - Observations on the Ecology of the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts of Panama - - - - Peter W. Glynn _ 13 Physical Characteristics of the Proposed Sea-Level Isthmian Canal John P. Sheffey - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 Exchange of Water through the Proposed Sea-Level Canal at Panama Donald R. F. Harleman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41 Biological Results of the University of Miami Deep-Sea Expeditions. 93. Comments Concerning the University of Miami's Marine Biological Survey Related to the Panamanian Sea-Level Canal Gilbert L. Voss - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49 Museums as Environmental Data Banks: Curatorial Problems Posed by an Extensive Biological Survey Richard S. Cowan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59 A Review of the Marine Plants of Panama Sylvia A. Earle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69 Ecology and Species Diversity of
    [Show full text]
  • BIOLÓGICA VENEZUELICA Es Editada Por Dirección Postal De Los Mismos
    7 M BIOLÓGICA II VENEZUELICA ^^.«•r-íí-yííT"1 VP >H wv* "V-i-, •^nru-wiA ">^:^;iW SWv^X/^ií. UN I VE RSIDA P CENTRAL DÉ VENEZUELA ^;."rK\'':^>:^:;':••'': ; .-¥•-^>v^:v- ^ACUITAD DE CIENCIAS INSilTÜTO DÉ Z00LOGIA TROPICAL: •RITiTRnTOrr ACTA BIOLÓGICA VENEZUELICA es editada por Dirección postal de los mismos. Deberá suministrar­ el Instituto de Zoología Tropical, Facultad, de Ciencias se en página aparte el título del trabajo en inglés en de la Universidad Central de Venezuela y tiene por fi­ caso de no estar el manuscritp elaborado en ese nalidad la publicación de trabajos originales sobre zoo­ idioma. logía, botánica y ecología. Las descripciones de espe­ cies nuevas de la flora y fauna venezolanas tendrán Resúmenes: Cada resumen no debe exceder 2 pági­ prioridad de publicación. Los artículos enviados no de­ nas tamaño carta escritas a doble espacio. Deberán berán haber sido publicados previamente ni estar sien­ elaborarse en castellano e ingles, aparecer en este do considerados para tal fin en otras revistas. Los ma­ mismo orden y en ellos deberá indicarse el objetivo nuscritos deberán elaborarse en castellano o inglés y y los principales resultados y conclusiones de la co­ no deberán exceder 40 páginas tamaño carta, escritas municación. a doble espacio, incluyendo bibliografía citada, tablas y figuras. Ilustraciones: Todas las ilustraciones deberán ser llamadas "figuras" y numeradas en orden consecuti­ ACTA BIOLÓGICA VENEZUELICA se edita en vo (Ejemplo Fig. 1. Fig 2a. Fig 3c.) el número, así co­ cuatro números que constituyen un volumen, sin nin­ mo también el nombre del autor deberán ser escritos gún compromiso de fecha fija de publicación.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Note Records of Hippa Strigillata (Stimpson, 1860) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippidae) in the SE Gulf of California, Mexico
    Nauplius 22(1): 63-65, 2014 63 Short Note Records of Hippa strigillata (Stimpson, 1860) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippidae) in the SE Gulf of California, Mexico Daniela Ríos-Elósegui and Michel E. Hendrickx* (DRE) Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, Mexico. E-mail: [email protected] (DRE, MEH) Laboratorio de Invertebrados Bentónicos, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, Mexico. E-mail: [email protected]; *Corresponding author ABSTRACT - This paper presents details regarding the collections and records of H. strigillata in the Bay of Mazatlán, SE Gulf of California, Mexico. Samples of H. strigillata were obtained in this bay and suroundings area during different periods and deposited in the collection of UNAM, Mazatlán. Morphometric data, distribution, biological and ecological data were furnished. Key words: Distribution, Gulf of California, Hippa, mole crab Because they represent a very dynamic synonym of Remipes pacificus Dana, 1852) environment, often with high energy wave (Boyko, 2002, Boyko and McLaughlin, action, sandy beaches are considered low 2010) and H. strigillata (Stimpson, 1860) diversity habitats for macro and mega fauna (Hendrickx, 1995; Hendrickx and Harvey, (Tait, 1972). This is particularly true along the 1999). Hippa marmorata occurs from the west coast of Mexico (Dexter, 1976; Hendrickx, central Gulf of California to Colombia, 1996). The intertidal habitat is mostly including several oceanic islands of the eastern dominated by species of bivalve mollusks and Pacific (Revillagigedo, del Coco, Galapagos, small (Amphipoda, Isopoda) to medium size and Clipperton) (Hendrickx, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Sand Organic Carbon and Climatic Changes on the Population Density and Morphometric Characters of Emerita Asiatica in the East Coast of Southern India
    Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics Vol. 56, June 2019, pp. 240-244 Impact of sand organic carbon and climatic changes on the population density and morphometric characters of Emerita asiatica in the East Coast of Southern India US Mahadeva Rao1, L Krishnasamy2, J Sivakumar2 & C Shanmuga Sundaram3* 1Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu- 20400, Malaysia 2PG & Research Department of Biotechnology; 3PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai- 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India Received 15 December 2018; revised 03 February 2019 A population density of Emerita asiatica in relation to sand organic carbon in the Nemmeli beach, East coast, Kanchipuram District of Tamil Nadu was studied. Specimens were collected once in a fortnight from April 2017 to March 2018 by hand picking method in the intertidal region of Nemmeli beach. The total sand organic carbon level was recorded once in a fortnight. The population presented a smaller incidence of males in relation to females (48.66:51.34); however, in May 2017 an inverse pattern occurred (73:27). Ovigerous females were present in all samples with greater frequencies in October and November 2017 whereas, the highest juveniles were present in May and September 2017. The variation noted in a population of Emerita asiatica showed there is a relationship to sand organic carbon fluctuations; it can be determined that the sand organic carbon fluctuations have an influence on the population density of this species in Nemmeli beach. Hence, the rather stable sand organic carbon throughout the year and moderate changes in the sand may well be conducive to population biology of Emerita asiatica.
    [Show full text]
  • (Isopoda: Bopyridae) on Juveniles of Lithodes Santolla (Magellan Region, Chile): a Spatial Mesoscale Analysis
    Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 45(1): 79-93,Infestation 2017 of Pseudione tuberculata on juveniles of Lithodes santolla 79 DOI: 10.3856/vol45-issue1-fulltext-8 Research Article Infestation of Pseudione tuberculata (Isopoda: Bopyridae) on juveniles of Lithodes santolla (Magellan region, Chile): a spatial mesoscale analysis Juan I. Cañete1, Javier A. Díaz-Ochoa1, Tania Figueroa1 & Alvaro Medina1 1Departamento Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile Corresponding author: Javier Díaz ([email protected]) ABSTRACT. We document latitudinal patterns of infestation of the bopyrid parasite isopod Pseudione tuberculata on southern king crab Lithodes santolla juveniles (20-77 mm carapace length) recruited to fishing grounds in the southern Chilean fjord system. Seven hundred and fifty individuals were collected by semi- autonomous diving in 11 of 21 sampling locations in the study area, along the western margin of the Magellan region between August and October 2013.The prevalence of P. tuberculata varied between 0 and ~22%, and displayed a spatial pattern associated with three areas: i) northern Beagle Channel (10 to ~22%; lengths between 37 and 47 mm), ii) northwestern Navarino Island without infestations (0%; 26-55 mm), and iii) Piazzi Island- Capitán Aracena Island (0-12%; 50-77 mm). Infestations were independent of host sex, while parasite prevalence decreased with host length. No parasites were observed on crabs longer than 60 mm. A comparison of slopes between linearized length-weight regressions suggests that parasitized individuals had lower weight growth than uninfested individuals. Both southern king crab juvenile density and P. tuberculata prevalence were higher in fishing areas towards Beagle Channel where previous research reported lower average surface water temperatures (<6.5°C) and higher surface water salinity (>30).
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Reptant Decapods: More Than a Myth?
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Electronic Publication Information Center Polar Biol (2004) 27: 195–201 DOI 10.1007/s00300-003-0583-z REVIEW Sven Thatje Æ Wolf E. Arntz Antarctic reptant decapods: more than a myth? Received: 21 August 2003 / Accepted: 28 November 2003 / Published online: 10 February 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract The impoverished Antarctic decapod fauna is dition of the German Polar Commission to South one of the most conspicuous biodiversity phenomena in Georgia in 1882–1883 (Pfeffer 1887). polar science. Although physiological and ecological Since then, a few new species and records of decapods approaches have tried to explain the reason for the low have been reported from the Southern Ocean (Yaldwyn decapod biodiversity pattern in the Southern Ocean, the 1965; Kirkwood 1984; Tiefenbacher 1990; Thatje 2003). complexity of this problem is still not completely However, known Antarctic decapod diversity remains understood. The scant records of crabs south of poor, represented by approximately only a dozen ben- the Polar Front were always considered as exceptional, thic natant (caridean shrimp) species. Some of those and have mostly been ignored by marine biologists species are known to occur in high abundances on the world-wide, creating one of the most dogmatic para- high-Antarctic Weddell Sea shelf (Arntz and Gorny digms in polar science. We herein review the record of 1991; Arntz et al. 1992; Gorny 1999). both adults and larvae of reptants from the Southern Low temperature is the main physiological impact Ocean. At present, several species of only lithodid crabs on life in polar areas, and results in low metabolic rates maintain considerable adult populations in circum- in polar ectotherms (Clarke 1983; Peck 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • About Seafood Watch®
    Southern king crab Lithodes santolla ©Monterey Bay Aquarium Argentine waters Traps January 2, 2013 Kelsey James, Consulting Researcher Disclaimer Seafood Watch® strives to ensure all our Seafood Reports and the recommendations contained therein are accurate and reflect the most up-to-date evidence available at time of publication. All our reports are peer- reviewed for accuracy and completeness by external scientists with expertise in ecology, fisheries science or aquaculture. Scientific review, however, does not constitute an endorsement of the Seafood Watch program or its recommendations on the part of the reviewing scientists. Seafood Watch is solely responsible for the conclusions reached in this report. We always welcome additional or updated data that can be used for the next revision. Seafood Watch and Seafood Reports are made possible through a grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. 2 Final Seafood Recommendation Southern king crab (Lithodes santolla) from trap fisheries within Argentine waters is assessed as a Good Alternative. Stock Fishery Impacts Impacts on Manage- Habitat Overall on the other Species ment and Recommendation Stock Ecosystem Rank (Lowest scoring Rank Rank (Score) (Score) species (Score) (Score) Rank*, Subscore, Score) Southern king Trap No other main GOOD crab Yellow Red Yellow species caught ALTERNATIVE (2.64) (2) (3.12) Green, (5,4.5) (2.93) Scoring note – scores range from zero to five where zero indicates very poor performance and five indicates the fishing operations have no significant impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Field Guide 5.5.Indb
    Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates Invertebrates Benthic Moore Islands Kirrily and McDonald and Hibberd Ty Island Heard to Guide cation Identifi Field Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates A guide for scientifi c observers aboard fi shing vessels Little is known about the deep sea benthic invertebrate diversity in the territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI). In an initiative to help further our understanding, invertebrate surveys over the past seven years have now revealed more than 500 species, many of which are endemic. This is an essential reference guide to these species. Illustrated with hundreds of representative photographs, it includes brief narratives on the biology and ecology of the major taxonomic groups and characteristic features of common species. It is primarily aimed at scientifi c observers, and is intended to be used as both a training tool prior to deployment at-sea, and for use in making accurate identifi cations of invertebrate by catch when operating in the HIMI region. Many of the featured organisms are also found throughout the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, the guide therefore having national appeal. Ty Hibberd and Kirrily Moore Australian Antarctic Division Fisheries Research and Development Corporation covers2.indd 113 11/8/09 2:55:44 PM Author: Hibberd, Ty. Title: Field identification guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands benthic invertebrates : a guide for scientific observers aboard fishing vessels / Ty Hibberd, Kirrily Moore. Edition: 1st ed. ISBN: 9781876934156 (pbk.) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Benthic animals—Heard Island (Heard and McDonald Islands)--Identification.
    [Show full text]