Numbers & Counters
Cardinal numbers
0 zero/rei 10 juu 20 ni-juu 1 ichi 11 juu-ichi 21 ni-juu-ichi 2ni 12 juu-ni 22 ni-juu-ni 3 san 13 juu-san 23 ni-juu-san 4 shi/yon 14 juu-shil-yon 24 ni-juu-shi/-yon 5 go 15 juu-go 25 ni-juu-go 6 roku 16 juu-roku 26 ni-juu-roku 7 shichi/nana 17 juu-shichi/-nana 27 ni-juu-shichi/-nana 8 hachi 18 juu-hachi 28 ni-juu-hachi 9 kulkyuu 19 juu-ku/juu-kyuu 29 ni-juu-ku/-kyuu
10 juu 100 hyaku 1,000 sen/issen 10,000 ichi-man 20 ni-juu 200 ni-hyaku 2,000 ni-sen 20,000 ni-man 30 san-juu 300 san-byaku 3,000 san/zen 30,000 san-man 40 yon-juu 400 yon-hyaku 4,000 yon-sen 40,000 yon-man 50 go-juu 500 go-hyaku 5,000 go-sen 50,000 go-man 60 roku-juu 600 roppyaku 6,000 roku-sen 60,000 roku-man 70 nana-juu 700 nana-hyaku 7,000 nana-sen 70,000 nana-man 80 hachi-juu 800 happyaku 8,000 bas-sen 80,000 hachi-man 90 kyuu-juu 900 kyuu-hyaku 9,000 kyuu-sen 90,000 kyuu-man
Classic counters (Item counter)
1 (item) hitotsu 6 (items) muttsu 2 (items) futatsu 7 (items) nanatsu 3 (items) IDittsu 8 (items) yattsu 4 (items) yottsu 9 (items) kokonotsu 5 (items) itsutsu 10 (items) too (Above 10 use cardinal numbers)
Days of the week
Monday Getsuyoobi Friday Kin'yoobi Tuesday Kayoobi Saturday Doyoobi Wednesday Suiyoobi Sunday Nichiyoobi Thursday Mokuyoobi
Months of the year
January Ichigatsu July Shichigatsu February Nigatsu August Hachigatsu March Sangatsu September Kugatsu April Shigatsu October Juugatsu May Gogatsu November Juuichigatsu June Rokugatsu December Juunigatsu
216 NUMBERS AND COUNTERS Hours (o'clock) and minutes
1:00 ichi-ji 1 minute ippun 2:00 ni-ji 2 minutes nifun 3:00 san-ji 3 minutes sanpun 4:00 yo-ji 4 minutes yonpun 5:00 go-ji 5 minutes gofun 6:00 roku-ji 6 minutes roppun/rokufun 7:00 shichi-ji 7 minutes nanafun 8:00 hachi-ji 8 minutes happun/hachifun 9:00 ku-ji 9 minutes kyuufun 10:00 juu-ji 10 minutes juppun 11:00 juuichi-ji (etc., in pattern) 12:00 juuni-ji
People
1 person hitori 3 people sannin 5 and up number+ nin 2 people futari 4 people yonin
Days of the month
1st tsuitachi 11th juuichi-nichi 21st nijuuichi-nichi 2nd futsuka 12th juuni-nichi 22nd nijuuni-nichi 3rd mikka 13th juusan-nichi 23rd nijuusan-nichi 4th yokka 14th juuyokka 24th nijuuyokka 5th itsuka 15th juugo-nichi 25th nijuugo-nichi 6th muika 16th juuroku-nichi 26th nijuuroku-nichi 7th nanoka 17th juushichi-nichi 27th nijuushichi-nichi 8th yooka 18th juuhachi-nichi 28th nijuuhachi-nichi 9th kokonoka 19th juuku-nichi 29th nijuuku-nichi lOth tooka 20th hatsuka 30th sanjuu-nichi 31st sanjuuichi-nichi
Ages
1 yr. old issai 11 yrs. old juu-issai 21 yrs. old nijuuissai 2 yrs. old ni-sai 12 yrs. old juu-ni-sai 22 yrs. old nijuuni-sai 3 yrs. old san-sai 13 yrs. old juu-san-sai 23 yrs. old nijuusan-sai 4 yrs. old yon-sai 14 yrs. old juu-yon-sai 24 yrs. old nijuuyon-sai 5 yrs. old go-sai 15 yrs. old juu-go-sai 25 yrs. old nijuugo-sai 6 yrs. old roku-sai 16 yrs. old juu-roku-sai 26 yrs. old nijuuroku-sai 7 yrs. old nana-sai 17 yrs. old juu-nana-sai 27 yrs. old nijunana-sai 8 yrs. old hassai 18 yrs. old juu-hassai 28 yrs. old nijuhassai 9 yrs. old kyuu-sai 19 yrs. old juu-kyuu-sai 29 yrs. old nijukyuu-sai 10 yrs. oldjussai 20 yrs. old hatachi 30 yrs. old sanjussai
NUMBERS AND COUNTERS 217 Floors* Train tracks
1st floor ikkai Track 1 ichi-ban-sen 2nd floor ni-kai Track 2 ni-ban-sen 3rd floor san-gai Track 3 san-ban-sen 4th floor yon-kai Track4 yon-ban-sen 5th floor go-kai Track 5 go-ban-sen 6th floor rokkai Track 6 roku-ban-sen 7th floor nana-kai Track 7 nana-ban-sen 8th floor hakkai Track 8 hachi-ban-sen 9th floor kyuu-kai Track 9 kyuu-ban-sen lOth floor jukkai Track 10 juu-ban-sen
1st = ground floor in Britain 2nd = 1st floor in Britain etc.
Hotel reservations
Days' stay Nights' stay 1 day ichi-nichi 1 night ippaku 2 days futsuka 2 nights ni-haku 3 days mikka 3 nights san-paku 4 days yokka 4 nights yon-haku 5 days itsuka 5 nights go-haku
Elapsed time
Weeks Months 1 week isshuukan 1 month ikkagetsu 2 weeks ni-shuukan 2 months ni-kagetsu 3 weeks san-shuukan 3 months san-kagetsu 4 weeks yon-shuukan 4 months yon-kagetsu etc. (number + shuukan) etc. (number + kagetsu)
Hours Days 1 hour ichijikan 1 day ichinichi 2 hours nijikan 2 days and up-same as days 3 hours sanjikan of the month 4 hours yojikan etc. (number + jikan)
Other counters flat objects number+ mai ordinal numbers number + ban/banme
218 NUMBERS AND COUNTERS Grammar Index Unit 1 Sentence order, p. 11 Degrees of politeness, p. 11 Nouns/Articles/Plurals, p. 11 Pronouns, p. 11 Grammar markers (wa, ga, o, no, nile, ka, yo), p. 11 Verbs (no change for person, no gender, two tenses), p. 12 Adjectives (inflectable vs. adjectival nouns; present and past), p. 12 desu!deshita, p. 12
Unit 2 People counters, p. 24 Numbers 0-10, 10-100, 100s/1000s/10,000s, p. 29 Age counters, p. 29 Days of the week, p. 29 Grammar markers (ga, ni [location], de [pwpose], kara, made), p. 31 ichiban + adjectives, p. 31 Omission of words, p. 31 Minimal use of pronouns, p. 31 Negative of desu (dewa arimasen, dewa arimasen deshita), p. 31
Unit 3 Degrees of politeness (exalted/normaVhumble), p. 43 Grammar markers (mo, to, kara), p. 43 Classic counters (-tsu), p. 44 Comparisons and preferences ( no boo ga ), p. 44
Unit 4 Hotel stay counters (-haku!-paku), p. 50 Time counters (-ji), p. 52 Ordinal numbers (-ban), p. 54 "If/when" ( to), p. 57 "I want to ..."(-tain desu) vs. invitation (-masen ka?), p. 57 fractions, p. 57
Unit 5 Floor counters (-kai), p. 65 Week counters (-shuukan), p. 69 Polite directives (-te kudasai), p. 74 Grammar markers (de ["by"/"by means of'], p. 74 "If/when" (-tara), p. 74 Sentence softeners, p. 74
Unit 6 Elapsed time counters: minutes (-fun!-pun), p. 78 Months (-gatsu), p. 87 Days of the month (-ka!-nichi), p. 87 Elapsed time counters: hours (-jikan), p. 88 Grammar markers (dake, ni [specific time]), p. 88 -tari, p. 88 tsumori (desu), p. 88
GRAMMAR INDEX 219 Unit 7 Counters for flat objects (-mai), p. 100 Elapsed time counters: months (-kagetsu), p. 102 "It is okay if... ," p. 103 Comparisons ( yori +adjective), p. 103 toka, p. 1ro Unit8 Verbs (Irregular, Type 1, Type 2) + -masu, p. 117 "can" ( -emasu vs. -imasu, -raremasu, koraremasu, dekimasu), p. 117
Unit 9 shika/dake, p. 131 Grammar markers (ya ["etc."], de ["at/"in"]), p. 131 -te miru, p. 131 -to omou, p. 132
Unit 10 Adjective+ -soo (desu), p. 145 desu/masu form, p. 145
Unit 11 suki vs. kirei, p. 150 Standard request ( -te kudasai) vs. polite request (-te kudasaimasen ka), p. 159 Past and negative of adjectives (-kunai [desu]/-ku arimasen, -kunakatta [desu]/-ku arimasen deshita), p. 160 Unit 12 Adjective + sugitnasu, p. 173 rashii desu, p. 173 Verbs that describe nouns, p. 173 Unit 13 Adjective+ naru, p. 185 Making a verb into a noun (no[wa]), p. 185
Unit 14 ko-so-a-do words, p. 193 "I think I will ... " (-oo to omoimasu), p. 199 Asking/giving permission ( -te mo ii desu [ka]), p. 199 ta-form + koto ga arimasu, p. 199
Unit 15 Conversational present vs. past (yomun desu/yondan desu), p. 211 -te morau, p. 213 Verb+ toki, p. 213 -go and -jin, p. 213
220 GRAMMAR INDEX Vocabulary
A! expression of surprise beekon bacon (Eng.) A, soo (desu ka)? Is that so ... ? beisubooru baseball (Eng.) aakeido arcade (Eng.) benkyoo surulshimasu study abura-e oil painting henri convenient achira (pol.) that person, that beru-booi bellboy (Eng.) I direction porter agaru/agarimasu go up, ascend betsu ni separately aisu koohii iced coffee (Eng.) biiru beer (Eng.) aisu kuriimu ice cream (Eng.) bijinesu hoteru business hotel aisu tii ice tea (Eng.) (Eng.) aite iru open bijutsukan art museum aki autumn Bisa Kaado Visa Card (Eng.) akibare clear sky in autumn boku I (m.linf.) Akihabara a section of Tokyo burausu blouse (Eng.) amai sweet buruu blue (Eng.) amari/anmari (not) too, (not) so ame rain -chan diminutive of -san ame-futo American football chashuumen noodles with (Eng.) sliced pork anata you chekku-auto check out (Eng.) annai guide, guidance chekku-in check in (Eng.) ano that over there Chekosurobakiya ano sa... (casual) by the way ... Czechoslovakia chigau different apaato(mento) flat, apartment chiisai small (Eng.) chiizu cheese (Eng.) are that over there chikadoo underground passage arigato/arigatoo thanks chikai/chikaku ni near/nearby aru/arimasu there is/are; (we) chikatetsu underground railway have chikoo gozaimasu It is near aruku/arukimasu walk (pol.) asa morning chintsuu pain reduction asatte the day after tomorrow chizu map ashi foot/leg choo intestines ashita tomorrow chooshoku breakfast asoko over there chotto a little bit, a little while asu tomorrow Chuo-Yubinkyoku Central Post atama head Office Atami a resort near Tokyo chuu-gurai about the middle, atarashii new mid-range atari vicinity chuugakusei junior student atatakai warm Chuuka-ryoori Chinese cuisine atchi/achira way over there chuumon order ato de later atsui hot daibu for the most part atsusa heat daidokoro yoohin kitchen au/aimasu meet/see (friends) utensils daijoobu all right, fine, okay baa bar (Eng.) daikirai dislike very much baasudei birthday (Eng.) dainingu ruumu dining room bakari only, nothing but (Eng.) ban-/banme ordinal suffix (go- daisuki like very much ban = number 5/the fifth) daitai approximately bankoku kyootsuu world-wide dakara that's why/consequently standard dake only basu bus (Eng.) dame hopeless/no good
VOCABULARY 221 dantai-sama tour group (pol.) doresu dress (Eng.) darede~o anybody dotchi? which way? (eq. dochira?) daroo probably is (eq. deshoo) Doyoobi Saturday dashimono performance datta informal past tense of desu e direction marker to/towards de by means of __ (J.R. de (Tokyo e ikimasu.) ikimasu.) ee yes de for the purpose of (Kankoo de eeto... let me see ... /Uh ... kita.) eiga movie de in/at (for action verbs: Eigo English language Shinjuku de kaimasu.) eki station de then, therefore; (te-form of en yen (monetary unit) desu) enganbu coastal area deito date (Eng.) Enoden Enoden Line (railway) dekakeru/dekake~u go out Enoshima a sightseeing spot dekiru/dekinlasu can do/can be near Kamakura done Enryo shinaide! Please go de~o however/but ahead. Don't hesitate. de~o such a thing as enshoo inflammation denki electricity erabu/erabinlasu choose densha train erebeitaa lift, elevator (Eng.) denwa telephone denwa bangoo telephone fingaa sandoitchi finger number sandwich (Eng.) deshoo probably is fooku fork (Eng.) desu is fuben inconvenient Dii-Shii D.C. (Diners Club) fudoosan'ya-san estate agent dochira? where?/which?/which -funl-pun counter for minutes way?/who? (pol.) Furansu France Doitsu Germany furonto reception. front desk dokkaldokoka somewhere (Eng.) doko where furu/fu~asu fall (rain or doko ~ade? up to where?, how snow) far? futari two people doko ~ade ~o as far as possible futari-yoo no heya a room for dokora hen? in what area? two (eq. dono hen?) futatsu two (items) donna? what kind of ? futsuka 2nd day of the month/2 dono? which? dono gurailkurai? about how days much?/how long? futsuu normal doo? how? futtobooru football (Eng.) doo iu? what kind of? (eq. ame-futo) doo iu yoo na? what kind of? fuukei scenery Doo~o Thanks (inf.) ga subject marker (Heya ga Doo~o arigatoo (gozailnasu/ Thank you very much. arinlasu ka?) gozailnashita.) gaikoku foreign country Doozo please/go ahead gaikoku ~uki no (kitte) Doozo go-yukkuri Please have a (stamps) for overseas mail pleasant stay/Please take your gaikoku-go foreign language time gaikoku-jin foreign person dore? which one? gakkoo school dore kurailgurai? approximately gakusei student how long/how much? (eq. dono gasu gas (utility) (Eng.) kurailgurai?) genetsu fever reduction
222 VOCABULARY geri-dome diarrhoea medicine haraulharaimasu pay Getsuyoobi Monday hare clear weather Ginza a section of Tokyo ("The hareru/haremasu clear up Ginza") haru spring go five hatachi twenty years old go- honorific prefix -hatsu departure: 12-ji-hatsu -go (after name of country) hatsuka 20th day of the language month/20 days Go-chisoo-sama deshita Thank hayai fast/early you for the meal hayaku quickly, soon, early Go-chuui kudasai Please be heijitsu weekdays careful (pol.) hen vicinity, neighbourhood Go-gatsu May hen (na) strange gogo p.m. heya room go-jibun de by yourself (pol.) heya-dai room charge go-kiboo your preference (pol.) hi day Gomen kudasai Hello (when hidari left entering a shop); Goodbye (pol.) hidoi terrible, awful Gomen nasai I'm sorry Higashi-guchi East entrance -goo number (of a train) Higashi-Yooroppa Eastern goro about, approximately (time) Europe gorufu golf (Eng.) hiitaa heater (Eng.) Gotanda a section of Tokyo Hikari a Shinkansen train go-yosan-teki ni to meet your hiroi spacious/wide budget Hiroki (male) given name gozaimasu (we) have/there is Hiroshima name of a (pol.) (eq. arimasu); (it) is prefecture/city (eq. desu) hiru-gohan noon mealllunch gozen-chuu during the morning hito person guramu gram (Eng.) hitomawari gurai about one guriin green (Eng.) full size hitori one person ha tooth hitori de by oneself hachi eight hitotsu one (item) Hachigatsu August hiza knee Hachimangll Hachiman Shrine hodo approximate amount hagaki postcard hoka ni other than that hahaa... expression of pondering hoka no other/another hai yes (pol.) bon book hairu/hairimasu enter, come in, honjitsu today (pol.) (eq. kyoo) go in honkan main building haitatsu suru/shimasu deliver honto/hontoo true haitte imasu is included honto ni really/truly hajime ni at the beginning hon'yaku translation Hajimemashite How do you do? boo direction; (after an adj.) the; Hakone a resort near Mt. Fuji (adj.) one hamu ham (Eng.) booboo everywhere/(in) all hamu-eggu ham and eggs (Eng.) directions -han half, the half hour hoomu station platform (Eng.) hana flower hoshii want hanakaze head cold (lit. nose hyaku (one) hundred cold) hanasulhanashimasu speak i-no-mukatsuki nausea Hangarii Hungary ichi one hankachi handkerchief (Eng.) ichiban first/no. 1/most (before Harajuku a section of Tokyo an adjective)
VOCABULARY 223 ichigatsu January itsuka 5th day of the month/5 ichigo strawberry days ichiji for a while, one o'clock itsumo always ichinchi/ichinichi one day itsutsu five (items) ichioo for the time being ltte irasshai Hurry back ichooyaku medicine for stomach Itte kimasu I'll be back problem iya disgusting, unpleasant ie house iyaa (expression) well ... ii good/all right/okay iie no ja then, well ... ijoo in excess of, more than, ja nai(n desu) is not above Jane (I'll) see you! (inf.) ikaga? how?, how about? Jei Shii Bii J.C.B. (credit card) ikahodo? about how much? (pol.) -ji (counter for hours) o'clock lkebukuro a section of Tokyo jikan time iki (on the way) going, the trip jiki a certain (period of) time, a there season ikkai once/first (ground) floor jimu gym (Eng.) iktadaku/itadakim.asu partake jimusho office, agency (humb.); (afterte-form verb) I will jitsu wa the truth is ... ; have you (do something). actually ... ikulikimasu go jiyuu-seki general seating ikura? how much? joggingu jogging (Eng.) ikutsu? how old?/how many? joozu good at (an activity), ima now skilful imi purpose, meaning J.R. Japan Railway system ippai full Junko (female) given name ippaku one night stay juu ten ippan-teki (na) common, Juugatsu October general Juuichigatsu November ippun one minute Juunigatsu December lrasshaimase Welcome/Come in juusho address irassharu/irasshaimasu be (in a place), go, come (exal.) -ka counter for days of the (eq. iru/imasu, iku/ikimasu, month (also -nichi) kurulkiinasu) ka? question marker: Kankoo ireru/iremasu put in, insert, desuka? include kaado credit card (Eng.) iro colour Kabuki Kabuki Theatre iroiro (na)/ironna various kaeri (on the way) back, the iru/imasu be (in a place) return trip (with person or animal as kaerulkaemasu change, subject) exchange isba medical doctor -kagetsu counter for months isogashii busy (elapsed time) issai one year old kagi key issho (ni) together kagu furniture ltadakimasu (a phrase used -kai counter for floors of a before eating) I will partake building itai (desu) hurts, is painful kaidan stairway itami pain kaigai(ni) overseas ltariya Italy kaigi business meeting itasu/itashimasu do (humb.) kaiin-sei membership system (eq. suru/shimasu) kaimono shopping itsu? when? kaisatsuguchi entry where itsuka sometime tickets are punched, turnstile
224 VOCABUlARY kaisha office/company kirei beautiful, pretty kaisha-in company employee kisetsu season kakarulkakarimau take, require Kita-guchi North entrance (time or money) kitte stamps kakulkakimasu write kitto for certain kakugo determination kizu-gusuri antiseptic ointment kakugo de areba if you're willing kochira (pol.) here/this person to do (me)/this way/in this direction Kamakura an ancient capital kochira no this one (pol.) near Tokyo (eq. kono) Kamakura-bori carvings done in koko here Kamakura area kokonoka 9th of the month/9 kamo shiremasen (after a verb days or soo) it may be kokonotsu nine (items) Kanada Canada kokunai domestic kangofu nurse Kokyo Imperial palace kanjiru/kanjimasu feeVseem Komarbnashita It's a kankoo sightseeing problem.ll'm perplexed kankoo kyaku tourist komulkomimasu be crowded kanojo she Konbanwa Good evening kara from (Eki kara kondo this time/next time arukitnasu.); since (Sanji kongetsu this month kara•.. ); because, so konna ni like this, to this degree kare he Konnichiwa Hello (day time) karei raisu curried rice (Eng.) kono this karui light-weight kono mae in front of here/ kasan sareru/saremasu be before added konshuu this week Kashikomarbnashita I konshuu-matsu this weekend understand; At your service kon'ya tonight kashira (after a verb) I wonder koocha black tea if... koojoo factory kata person (pol.) kookoosei high-school student Kato family name kookuubin airmail ka~su buy koora cola (Eng.) Kayoobi Tuesday kooshoo negotiation kazagusuri medicine for cold korarerulkoraremasu come kazoku family (exal.) kedo but... (eq. keredomo) kore this keeki cake (Eng.) koshi lower back kekkon suru/shimasu be married kotchi this one, this way kekkoo fine, okay, all right; quite (eq. kochira) a bit (Kekkoo furu ••• ) kotoba language keredo(mo) but, however -ku ward, district (of a kibishii stem, severe metropolis) kiiro yellow kudamono fruit kikoerulkikoemasu be able to kudasai give me : noun + hear; be audible (o) kudasai kikulkikimasu hear kudasai (afterte-form verb) Kimatte iru It has been decided please do Kin'en-sha non-smoking car Kugatsu September Kin'yoobi Friday kumo cloud kippu ticket kumo ga deyasuku may become kirai (desu) dislike cloudy kirasulkirashimasu be out of kuni country/hometown stock kurabu club (Eng.)
VOCABUlARY 225 kurashikku no ongaku classical ~ta again music (Eng.) ~tawa or kure~ure~su (a~te-fonn mazu first of all verb) Please (do); kindly (do) me eye kurulkimasu come Meiji Jingd Meiji Shrine ku~ carriage menyuu menu (Eng.) kusuri medicine mezurasbdi unusual kusuri o nomu/nomimasu take mi ni iku/~su go and see medicine michl road/street/path kutsusbdta socks Midori no Madoguchi Green kuuraa air conditioner (Eng.) Window (information service) kyanseru cancellation (Eng.) migi right kyasshu cash (Eng.) migi-gawa right side kyoo today migite right hand kyoo dooyoo same as today mijikai short kyoosbd teacher Miki family name Kyooshuku de gozaimasu ga.•• mikka 3rd of the month/3 days I'm sorry but ... (pol.) mikkusu sando mixed kyootsuu de for a common sandwiches (Eng.) purpose mikomi prediction Kyoto ancient city of Kyoto mimi ear kyuu nine Minami-gucbd South Entrance miru/mimasu see, watch, look ~ so, well ... at/(after a te-fonn verb) try ~a-maa so-so and ~cbd town miruku milk (Eng.) ~cbd-nami ambience of town mise shop/store ~da stilVyet mise no obasan woman of the Mada (desu) Not yet shop ~de until/up to/as far as Misete itadalrimasu I would ~e front/before like to have you show me ~e motte beforehand mitsukeru/mitsukemasu find ~e-uri advance ticket mittsu three (items) m.agaru/~~u tum Miura family name -mai counter for flat objects mizu water Maiko (female) given name mo also, too, as well mairu/mairim.asu come/go mochiron of course (humb.) Mokuyoobi Thursday man ten thousand momiji autumn colours mannaka middle/centre mono thing mansbdtsu fully occupied moo already mansuri-manshon monthly moo ichldo one more time rented flat mooningu kooru wake up call massugu straight (Eng.) -masu normal-polite verb ending Mooshlwake arimasen (polite) -masu = present positive I am sorry -masen = present negative morau/moraimasu (a~te -masbdta = past positive fonn verb) have someone (do -masen deshlta = past negative something) -mashoo ="Let's do ... " Mori family name -~shoo ka? ="Shall we do ... ?" mosbd if ~su goto ni each time is moshl mosbd hello (telephone) added motte iku/ikimasu take, carry Masumoto family name (with) Masutaa Kaado Master Card motte iru/imasu have, be in (Eng.) possession of
226 VOCABULARY motto more Nerima a section of Tokyo muika 6th of the month/6 days neru/nemasu sleep mukanai not suitable ni to/towards (direction marker: muri not possible Tokyo ni ikimasu.) mushoku retired/unemployed ni in/at (location marker: ni musume my daughter imasu.) muttsu six (items) ni at (specific time marker: Sanji muzukashii difficult ni.•• ) Myunhen Munich ni two -nichi counter for days of the nafukin napkin (Eng.) month (also -ka) nagai long Nichiyoobi Sunday nai(n desu) is not (inf.) Nigatsu February (eq. arimasen) Nihon Japan naka in/inside nihonshoku Japanese food naka-naka no matter what nihonshu Japanese rice wine Nakagawa family name (eq. o-sake) Nakayama family name nimei-sama two people (pol.) namae name nimotsu luggage namik.i-michi tree-lined road -nin counter for people nanlnani? what? ninbun, -ninmae counter for nan no? what kind of? servings of food nana seven ninki no aru popular nanatsu seven (items) nitchuu during the day nanban? what number? niwaka-ame sudden shower nangai/nankai? what floor? no possessive marker: watashi nangatsu? what month? nonamae nani-go? what language? no (after a verb) one (makes verb nani-jin? what nationality? phrase into noun phrase) nanika/nanka something noboru/noborimasu climb nanimo nothing nochi later/afterwards nani-ryoori? what kind of node because, so cuisine? nodo throat nani-sen? what (railway -notni only: chooshoku notni /underground) line? (only breakfast) nanji? what time? nomigusuri medication that is nanjikan? how much time?, how taken orally many hours? nomimono beverage nanmai? how many (flat objects)? nomi-sugi over-drinking nannichi? what day of the month? nomu/nomimasu drink nannin? how many people? norulnorimasu get on (a nanoka 7th day of the month/7 vehicle)/board days nuudo nude (Eng.) nanpaku? how many nights? nyuusu newscast (Eng.) nanpun? how many minutes? nan'yoobi? what day of the week? o object marker: Mizu o narabulnarabimasu line up nomimasu. naru/narimasu become, come to o- honorific prefix: o-cha nasaru/nasaimasu do (exal.) 0-azukari shimasu I shall take (eq. suru/shimasu) care of it (pol.) natsu summer obasan aunt, old woman ne? .. .isn't it?; ... right? (tag o-cha green tea question) o-chazuke hot tea poured over Ne... Say ... cooked rice nedan price 0-dekake desu ka? Are you nekutai tie (Eng.) going out? (pol.)
VOCABULARY 227 odorokulodorokimasu be orulorimasu (I) am (humb.) surprised (eq. imasu) o-furo bath o-sake rice wine Ogikubo a section of Tokyo o-shiro castle o-hashi chopsticks Osore irimasu ga... I am Ohayoo gazaimasu Good terribly sorry, but ... morning o-sumai your home (pol.) oishii delicious Osutoriya Austria Okaerinasai Welcome back o-tachi ni narulnarimasu leave o-kaeshi your change (pol.) (pol.) 0-kamai naku Don't trouble o-taku you, your place (pol.) yourself Otemachi a section of Tokyo o-kanjoo bill o-tenki weather o-keiko (-goto) (arts/crafts) oto sound, noise lesson otoko no ko boy okirulokimasu wake up, get up o-tomari your stay (pol.) o-kosan your children (pol.) owari the end okulokimasu put, place; (after o-yasumi-chuu during vacation te-form verb) do something for a later purpose paasento percentage(%) (Eng.) okurulokurimasu send, ship paatii party (Eng.) o-kyaku-sama visitor, guest pakkeiji-tsuaa package tour (pol.) (Eng.) 0-matase itashimashita Sorry pantaron women's slacks (Pre.) to have kept you waiting pasupooto nanbaa passport 0-me ni kakarimashoo Let's number (Eng.) see each other (again) (pol.) pikunikku picnic (Eng.) o-mie ni narulnarimasu arrive pinku pink (Eng.) (pol.) pitsa pizza (Eng.) omoi heavy Porando Poland (Eng.) omoshiroi interesting, funny, poteto sarada potato salad (Eng.) amusing Puraha-joo Prague castle Omotesando a section of Tokyo purezento present, gift (Eng.) omoulomoimasu think (that), puuru swimming pool (Eng.) have an opinion Onaka ga sukimashita I'm raamen'ya-san ramen noodle hungry (inj.: Onaka suita.) shop Onegai shimasu Please (take rafu nude art form care of it) raigetsu next month ongaku music raishuu next week onna no ko girl raji-kase radio-cassette (Eng.) onsen hot spring rajio radio (Eng.) oobaa overcoat (Eng.) rashii (desu) (after adj., noun, oobaa surulshimasu over-book, or verb) seems, seems to be, go over, exceed (Eng.) seems like oodanhodoo pedestrian remoneido lemonade (Eng.) crossing reshiito receipt (Eng.) oo-eru office lady, female office resutoran restaurant (Eng.) clerk ribon ribbon (Eng.) ooi many, plentiful roku six ookii big (col. : okkii) Rokugatsu June oomune mostly rooka corridor/hallway oosugiru/oosugimasu betoo roosuto-biifu roast beef (Eng.) much Roppongi a section ofTokyo orirulorimasu go down, ruumu saabisu room service descend, get off (a vehicle) (Eng.)
228 VOCABULARY ryokoo trip shake-chazuke salmon o• ryokoo ni deru/demasu go on a chazuke trip shashin photograph ryokoo suru/shimasu travel shashin o toru/torimasu take ryoohoo both pictures ryookin charge, fee, fare shi (after a verb) and, and so on ryookin ga kakarulkakarimasu shi four charge a fee Shibuya a section of Tokyo ryoori cooking, cuisine shichi seven ryooshin (both) parents Shichigatsu July Shigatsu April Saa Well ... shigoto work, job saabisu chaaji service charge shiharai payment (Eng.) shiitsu sheets (Eng.) Saga-Kytibin Saga Delivery shika only, nothing but Service shimau/sbimaimasu (after a te- sagaku monetary difference form verb) do completely, finally sagasu/sagashimasu look for shimi spot, stain -sai counter for years of age shimi nuki spot remover saikin recently shinbun newspaper saikuringu cycling (Eng.) Shinjuku a section of Tokyo saki e iku/ikimasu go first Shinkan-sen Bullet Train saki ni at first, previously Shinpai shinaide kudasai saki no the previous (one) Please don't worry sakkaa soccer (Eng.) shinpai suru/sbimasu worry saku/sakimasu bloom/blossom shiraberu/shirabemasu check sakura cherry tree something; look up (in a -sama honorific suffix after a dictionary) name shiriai acquaintance samui cold (weather) shiru/shitte imasu know san three shirushi mark/symboVsign -san honorific suffix, after a name shita younger (child)lbelow/ sanbun no ichi one third (113) underneath/lower sando(itchi) sandwich (Eng.) shitagi underwear Sangatsu March shitei-seki reserved seat sanka participation shitsurei rude sara plate, dish Shitsurei desu ga... Excuse me satoo sugar but ... sauna sauna (Eng.) Shitsurei shimasu Excuse me Sayonara/Sayoonara Goodbye Shiyoo ga nai It can't be helped sebiro man's suit Shoda family name seibutsu still-life shokuji dinner/meal Seiyo Bijutsukan Museum of shokuji-tsuki meals included Occidental Art shoohin prize semai small (space), narrow shoohizei sales tax semasa smallness (space) shooka-furyoo indigestion sen thousand shookai introduction -sen line (railway/subway); track shookai suru/shimasu (niban-sen = track no.2) introduce sengetsu last month shooto keeki short-cake (Eng.) sensei teacher/instructor shufu homemaker, housewife senshuu last week shumi hobby, special interest sentaa-rain centre line (Eng.) shuppatsu departure sentaku laundry/cleaning shurui kind, species sentaku suru/shimasu do the -shuukan counter for weeks laundry/cleaning (elapsed time)
VOCABULARY 229 soba ·buckwheat noodles sumu!sumimasu live, reside sochira that direction, that (sunde imasu =be living in a person (pol.) place) soko there supageti spaghetti (Eng.) soko-soko so-so Supein Spain sokora hen over there, that area supootsu sports (Eng.) (col.) (eq. sono hen) surippa slippers (Eng.) sonna ni like that, to that degree suru/shimasu do sono that sutokkingu stockings (Eng.) sono ato after that suutsu women's suit (Eng.) soo so, in that way suwareru/suwaremasu can be Soo desu That's right seated -soo desu (after an adj.) looks suwaru!suwarimasu be seated, ; (after a casual verb form) sit down I hear that... suzushii cool soo shitara and then; in that case tabemasu eat soo suru to if that's the case, if tabemono foodstuff you do that tabe-owaru/tabe-owarimasu soo yuu baai in a case like that finish eating soo yuu no something like that tabun most likely soogoo de combined tada only tada-tada just (emphasizer) sooseiji sausage (Eng.) Tadaima I'm back sora-moyoo weather, condition tadaima right now, just now of the skies -tai(n desu) (after a verb) want sore that (one) to (do something) sore deshitara in that case, if taifuu typhoon that's so taihen difficult/terrible sore dewa/sore ja well then ... taizai stay, sojourn (pol.) sore ni besides that takai expensive sorede then, therefore, because Takarabe family name of that takusan a lot sorekara after that, then, takushii taxi (Eng.) therefore tamago egg soretomo or, or else, otherwise tame purpose ( no tame= sorosoro soon, gradually for the purpose of , for the sotchi that way (eq. sochira) ) soto outside Tanaka family name soto ni deru/demasu go outside tanjoobi birthday subete altogether, everything tanomu!tanomimasu please -sugimasu (after an adj.) take care (of it) ./ask for/request too tanoshii pleasant, fun Suginami-ku Suginami Ward Tanoshimi ni shite imasu I'm (in Tokyo) looking forward to it sugoi impressive, great tanuki udon noodles with fried suidoo water (utility) bean curd suimingu swimming (Eng.) taoru towel (Eng.) suite iru/suite imasu (traffic) is tasu!tashimasu add light, (stomach) is empty tatemono building Suiyoobi Wednesday te hand sukaato skirt (Eng.) tegami letter suki (desu) like tehai arrangements/preparations sukii skiing (Eng.) teikyuu-bi store's regular day off sukkari completely ten'in shop assistant Sumimasen Excuse me tenisu tennis (Eng.)
230 VOCABULARY tenki-yohoo weather forecast tsukiatarultsukiatarimasu terebi television (Eng.) come to a dead end or T• to and junction -to mooshimasu I am called tsukimi soba buckwheat noodles with an egg to omoulomoimasu (after a verb) tsukultsukimasu arrive I think that ... tsumetai cold (to the touch) Tochigi-ken Tochigi prefecture tsumori (desu) (after a verb) toire toilet (Eng.) intend to (do something) toka (after a noun) for example; tsurete ikulikimasu take and others (someone) along toki point in timel(after a verb) tsutomerultsutomemasu work, when (one does) have a job toki doki once in a while tsutsumultsutsumimasu wrap tokoro place Tsuyoshi (male) given name tokoro de by the way tsuyu rainy season tokoro ni yotte depending on the tte They said/l heard that ... (in.f.) area tte yuu to... when you say toku ni especially ,... Tokyo Capital of Japan Tokyo Tawa Tokyo Tower uchi our place/home tomaru/tomarimasu stay (over) udon noodles tomato juusu tomato juice ue above/top/over/older (child) (Eng.) Ueno a section of Tokyo tomodachi fiiend u-m Vienna tonikaku anyhow ume-chazuke plum o-chazuke tonkatsu pork cutlet un (casual) yes too ten urayamashii enviable toojitsu on the same day urusai noisy, bothersome tooka 1Oth of the month/1 0 days uwagi man's sport coat tooroku registration uzu-uzu surulshimasu be toosuto toast (Eng.) frustrating Toranomon a section of Tokyo toreru/toremasu can be wa topic marker: Kyoo wa removed samuidesu. toriaezu first of all, in the waishatsu man's dress shirt meantime wakarulwakarimasu I toriatsukaultoriatsukaimasu understand handle, deal with wake reason tori-no-kara-age deep-Died wan-beddo-ruumu one-bed- chicken room (Eng.) Toruko Turkey wariai to rather totemo very/quite warui bad tsuika an addition washoku Japanese cuisine tsuika ryookin additional charge watakushilwatashi I tsuika surulshimasu add to watakushi-domo we (humb.) tsuin twin room/bed (Eng.) watakushi-tachi we tsuitachi first of the month watarulwatarimasu cross, cross tsuite irultsuite imasu be over included watasulwatashimasu (I) will tsukarerultsukaremasu give to (you) become tired tsukaultsukaimasu use yahari/yappari as expected, tsukerultsukemasu put on; tum after all on (elec. appliance) Yamada family name tsukiatari dead end Yamamoto family name
VOCABUlARY 231 yasai vegetable Yoshiko (female) given name yasui inexpensive yotei schedule, plan yasu-uri-shoppu discount store Yotte kudasai Please call yattsu eight (items) yottsu four (items) yo emphasis marker: Soo desu yoyaku reservation yo. yuki snow yoi good (eq. ii) yukkuri leisurely (time spent) yokaroo probably goodl(pol.) yuubin mail (eq. ii deshoo) yuubin o dasuldashi~asu mail Yokatta desu It turned out all a letter right.; Thank goodness yuubinkyoku post office yoku often, well yuuhi sunset yo~ulyonni~asu read yuujin friend yoohin utensils/paraphernalia yuu~ei(na) famous yooi preparations yooka 8th of the month/8 days Zannen desu It is disappointing/ yooshoku Western cuisine too bad yori c~o) exceeding, in excess of zehi by all means Yoroppa Europe zenbu de altogether yoroshii good (pol.) (eq. yoi) zenkan entire building Yoroshiku (onegai s~asu) zenzen not at all I'm happy to meet you/Please zero zero (Eng.) take care of it zubon men's slacks (Fre.) Yoroshuu gozai~ashoo ka? zuibun quite a bit Will that be all right? (pol.) -zutsu each (hyaku-en zutsu = (eq. Ii desu ka?) 100 yen each) Yoshida family name zutto all the way
232 VOCABUlARY Index adjective+ naru 185 past tense 206-11 adjective+ sugiru 114, 173 perfect tense 199 adjectives 12, 157 permission: asking/giving 199 adjectives: past and negative 160 pharmacy/medicine 11 0 age counters 18, 29 planning 190-96 alphabet 13 plurals/singulars 11 asking/giving 199 politeness, degrees of 43 post office 100, 104 body parts 111 preferences 44 professions 26-27 can be Iable to 11 7 pronouns 31 classic counters 35 cleaners 68, 72, 76 question words 28 clothing 70-71 colours 1 08-09 religions 161-62 comparatives 31, 103 restaurant 34-42, 138, 140-42, countries 213 146 routine, daily 176 dates 87 days of the week 18, 29 seasons/climate 172, 174 -desu!-masu 12, 31, 145 sentence softeners 7 4 directions 62-67 shopping 93-116, 118 directives, polite 7 4 sports 178-79 superlatives 26, 31 flat hunting 180-81 food 114-15, 136-43 -ta koto ga aru 199 table manners 14 7 gestures/body language 14, 187 -tari: -tari 88, 154 gifts: giving/receiving 118-19 -te kudasai 7 4 grammar notes 11, 31, 43, 74 -temiru 131 greetings, basic Unit 1 -te morau 213 telephone 96-97, 105, 186 health 11 0-11 telling time 53, 78 hobbies 150, 156 time-related words 78, 87-88 holidays/festivals 90-91 -toka: toka 103 hotel 48-58, 60, 138 transportation 62-63, 75 travel Unit 9 I think I will... 199 if/when 57 Ueno area 201 inns 133 introduction 2, 8 verb+ toki 213 verbs 12, 117 Kabuki theatre 20 1 visiting 136 Kamakura 20 1 Kyoto 152, 161 weather 4-6, Unit 12 want to 57 languages 213 word order 11 let's 80-82 likes/dislikes 15 8 yes/no 214 medical assistance 105 negative 155 numbers 29, 216 numbers/counters 44, 65, 101, 216-18
INDEX 233 Breakthrough Language Packs Complete self-study courses
Each Breakthrough Language Pack is designed as a complete self• study course using audio cassettes and a course book. Each Pack contains:
* Three 60- or 90-minute audio cassettes • The course book
Breakthrough Language Packs available: Breakthrough Arabic ISBN 0-333-56692-0 Breakthrough French ISBN 0-333-58511-9 Breakthrough German ISBN 0-333-56730-7 Breakthrough Greek ISBN 0-333-48714-1 Breakthrough Italian ISBN 0-333-48179-8 Breakthrough Russian ISBN 0-333-55726-3 Breakthrough Spanish ISBN 0-333-571 05-3 Breakthrough Further French ISBN 0-333-48193-3 Breakthrough Further German ISBN 0-333-48189-5 Breakthrough Further Spanish ISBN 0-333-48185-2 Breakthrough Business French ISBN G-333-54398-X Breakthrough Business German ISBN 0-333-54401-3 Breakthrough Business Spanish ISBN 0-333-54404-8
• CD Packs are also now available for:
Breakthrough French ISBN 0-333-58513-5 Breakthrough German ISBN 0-333-57870-8 Breakthrough Spanish ISBN 0-333-57874-0
£8.50 net