7/8 TLE BEAUTY CARE (Nail Care)

SERVICES Module 6: Nail Diseases and Disorder Quarter 3, Week 6

FAITH P. OMANDAM

(SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT) A Joint Project of

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY and the DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT

TLE – Grade 7/8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 6: Lo 2. Nail Diseases and Disorder Week 6 First Edition, 2020

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Faith P. Omandam Editor: Faith P. Omandam Reviewer: Lynne B. Gahisan Illustrator: Layout Artist: Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr. – Schools Division Superintendent Lourma I. Poculan – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Amelinda D. Montero – Chief, Education Supervisor, CID Nur N. Hussien – Chief, Education Supervisor, SGOD Ronillo S. Yarag – Education Program Supervisor, LRMS Leo Martinno O. Alejo – Project Development Officer II,LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by ______Department of Education – Region IX –SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY

Office Address: Purok Farmers’, Olingan, Dipolog City ______Telefax: ______E-mail Address: ______

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help the learner uses the nail care servicing Nail Diseases and Disorder independently. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is intended for the Grade 7/8 students Exploratory Course on Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services.

You are now in Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services -Module 6: Week 6 Learning Outcome 2: Nail Diseases and Disorder

After going through this module, you are expected to: TLE_HEBC7/8MT-0j-6

1.1 Identify the Different Nail Diseases and Disorder

What I Know

PRE-TEST: Multiple Choice: Directions: Read and analyzed the statement carefully below. Then choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in one whole sheet of paper.

1. What do you call to any disease, disorder, or condition of the nails? a. Pus b. Onychosis c. fungi d. nail disorder 2. These are conditions caused by injury to the nails, diseases, or imbalances in the body. a. nail disorder b. c. fungi d. bluish nail 3. A diseases becomes ______when it spreads from one person to another by direct or indirect contact. a. Sterilization b. non-contagious c. contagious d. organism 4. What nails are characterized by a thickened nail plate and are often the result of trauma? a. pointed nail b. Onychogryposis c. mountain peak nail d. oval nail 5. Which nail disorder is usually caused by iron-deficiency ? These nails show raised ridges and are thin and concave. a. Melanonychia b. Leuconychia c. d. 6. Which infections of the nail fold can be caused by bacteria, fungi and some viruses? a. Pseudomonas b. fungal c. d. Onychatrophia 7. This nail problem is also the result of overexposure to water and chemical solvents such as household cleaning solutions. a. Brittle Nails b. c. Pterygium d. Melanonychia 8. It is a sign of persistent anxiety that could benefit from treatment? a. onychophagy/bitten nails c. Vertical Ridges b. Nail Patella Syndrome d. MMA Damaged Nails 9. These are the problem of nails from fungal and bacterial infections to other causes of the nail abnormalities. a. nail diseases b. nail disorder c. nail infection d. onychia 10. How to prevent onychia nail diseases? a. nails should always be trimmed b. always keep the nails clean and use properly sanitized implements c. use antifungal foot’s spray or powder and avoid cutting the skin d. Always wear properly fitted footwear that offers your toes 11. Which of the following is not belong to the nail disorder? a. bruised nail b. corrugations c. hangnails d. onychia 12. Which of the following is a common problem, especially among young children? While the habit is typically outgrown, it has been linked to anxiety or boredom in older children and adults. a. b. Onychatrophia c. Onychauxis d.

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13. This type of infection is characterized by onycholysis (nail plate separation) with evident debris under the nail plate. It normally appears white or yellowish in color, and may also change the texture and shape of the nail. a. b. c. Psoriasis d. Pterygium 14. How would you prevent/ care for hangnails disorder? a. This can be treated by not applying pressure on the nail plate b. File the nail smooth and buff with pumice powder c. This may be trimmed with cuticle nippers, moisturize and apply cuticle oil. d. all of the above 15. Which of the following is not belong to the nail diseases?

a. Onycholysis b. Onychogryposis c. Onychatrophia d. Onychauxis

Lesson 6 Nail Disorder and Diseases

Nails vary into general problems. Before you start to work on your client’s nails, both of you should agree on the best nail treatment. It should perform to that of the finger for a better result/effect. People who perform work mostly with their hands prefer to have a shorter nail to avoid breakage and injury. Nail diseases are conditions of both the nail, and the surrounding skin which result from bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Some conditions will show a green, yellow, or black discoloration of the nail, depending on the nature of the infection. The main course for infection is through damaged cuticles and broken skin.

What’s In

Activity 1 Identify the given illustrations below. Write your answer in your one whole sheet of paper.

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What’s New

This time you’re going to answer an activity that will exercise your knowledge on identifying different types of nail diseases or disorder according to prevent in nail problem.

Activity 1: True or False Direction: Write True if the statement is correct, and False if the statement is incorrect.On the proper treatment or prevention of nail problems.

1. Bluish nail is recommended to see a physician but can be given manicure with care and light pressure. 2. Bruised nail can be treated by not applying pressure on the nail. 3. Split or brittle nails is recommended to soften nails before trimming and us daily moisturizers or have oil manicures. 4. This may be trimmed with cuticle nippers, moisturize and apply cuticle oil to hangnails. 5. Nail diseases are condition caused by injury to the nails, diseases or imbalances in the body. 6. Ingrown nails is recommended to cut the nails properly and wear comfortable shoes that fit perfectly. 7. To prevent onychia always wear properly fitted footwear that offer your toes lots of space and dry nails thoroughly. 8. To prevent getting a nail fungal infection, it is advisable to keep the nails dry and clean, use an antifungal food spray or powder and avoid cutting the skin around the toenails since this may be an entry point for infection. 9. Bitten nail is recommended that the client receives frequent manicure. Do not bite your nails. 10. Onycholysis also known as ringworm of the nails is an infectious disease caused by a fungus which commonly appears in whitish patches that can be scraped off from the surface.

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What is It

In this module, you will be able to understand the concept of nail shaped manicure and pedicure before starting any nail care activity. Learning these things assures everyone that are provided to serve as a guide for you.

Definition of Terms:

Onychosis- refers to any disease, disorder or condition of the nails.

Pus- is the yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound. It is the sign of infection. White blood cells attack the bacteria and consume them. The pus contains the blood cells, body cells and dead and living bacteria. Bacteria may invade the body through cuts, scratches or punctures in the skin or through any of the body openings.

Fungi- are plants organism that lives on dead, decaying or living matter. Some fungi are capable of causing serious infections but some are harmful and beneficial.

Contagious or communicable – when it spread from one person to another by direct or indirect contact. Some of the contagious diseases are tuberculosis, common cold, ringworm, scabies, head lice, and virus infections.

Non-contagious – disease that are not able to be spread from person to person.

Sterilization- is thee process whereby microorganism destroyed.

Sanitizing or sanitation- refer to the physical o chemical means used to keep the salon ant its equipment as clean and free of germs as possible in order to protect the health of the public.

Nail Disorder- are condition caused by injury to thee nails, diseases or imbalances in the body.

Nail Diseases – are problems of nails from fungal and bacterial infections to other causes of nail abnormalities.

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1.1 Different Types of Nail Diseases and Disorder

Many disorders can affect the nails. These disorders can affect any portion of the nail unit and can impact the appearance of the nail plate itself. Nail disorders can r

Given below is a list of the few important nail diseases and disorders and their characteristics.

Description Nail Disorders - It is bluish in colour, may be attributed to poor blood circulation or heart disorder.

Brittle nails- It is a vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate layers at the distal (free) edge of the nail plate. Over exposure to detergent soap and other chemical solvents may attribute to the effect.

Bruised nails- It shows dark purplish (almost black or brown) spots in the nail. This is usually due to injury and bleeding of the nail bed. As the nail grows, dried blood in the nail bed will also go out.

Eggshell nails- The nail plate separates from the nail- bed and curves at the free edge. It may be caused by chronic illness of the systemic or nervous origin.

Furrows- These are long ridges that run either lengthwise or across the nail. Some lengthwise ridges are normal in adults. These ridges increase with age and can also be caused by psoriasis, poor circulation and frostbite. Ridges that run across the nail are caused by high fevers, pregnancy & measles. Hangnails- It is a condition in which the cuticle splits around the nail. Carelessness in removing the cuticle, dryness, cutting off too much may result in hangnails.

Leconychia or white spot- White spot appears frequently in the nails. They may be caused by

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injury to the base of the nail. As the nail continues to grow, these white spots eventually disappear

Pterygium- It is an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks to the surfaces of nail plate. Carefully remove the adhering growth by means of a cuticle nipper.

Onychatrophia- It is describe as wasting away of the nail. The nail loses its luster, shrinks and falls This can be caused by injury to the nail matrix or by internal disease.

Onychauxis or hypertrophy - It is an overgrowth of the nail usually in thickness rather than length. It is caused by an internal imbalance, such as local infection or heredity.

Onychophagy or bitten nail - It is a deformity of nail plate caused by biting nails. It is an acquired nervous habit which prompts the individual to chew the nail or the hardened cuticle.

Onychorrhexis or split or brittle nails - It refers to split or brittle nails caused by an injury to the finger, careless filing of the nails, excessive use of cuticle solvents and nail polish removers. The nails may be extremely dry because of some granular disorder. Ridges - It is caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually resulting from illness. Buffing the nails with paste polish will help remove ridges.

Treating cuts - It is caused by an accident during manicure service. Apply an antiseptic immediately. Do not apply nail polish on the affected area.

Pseudomonas bacterial infection can occur between the natural nail plate and the nail bed, and/or between an artificial nail coating and the natural nail plate. Many people have been led to

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believe that the classic ‘green’ discoloration of this type of infection is some type of mold.

A fungal or yeast infection -It normally appears white or yellowish in color, and may also change the texture and shape of the nail. The fungus digests the keratin protein of which the nail plate is comprised. As the infection progresses, organic debris accumulates under the nail plate often discolouring it. Tinea Unguis, or ringworm of the nails, is characterized by nail thickening, deformity, and eventually results in nail plate loss. This is another symptom of candida yeast infection.

Onychatrophia is an atrophy or wasting away of the nail plate which causes it to lose its luster, become smaller and sometimes shed entirely. Injury or disease may account for this irregularity.

Onychorrhexis are brittle nails which often split vertically, peel and/or have vertical ridges. This irregularity can be the result of heredity, the use of strong solvents in the workplace or the home.

Onychauxis is evidenced by over-thickening of the nail plate and may be the result of internal disorders — seek medical advice.

Leuconychia is evident as white lines or spots in the nail plate and may be caused by tiny bubbles of air that are trapped in the nail plate layers due to trauma. This condition may be hereditary and no treatment is required as the spots will grow out with the nail plate.

Koilonychia is usually caused through iron deficiency anemia. These nails show raised ridges and are thin and concave. Seek a physician’s advice and treatment.

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Psoriasis of the nails is characterized by raw, scaly skin and is sometimes confused with eczema. When it attacks the nail plate, it will leave it pitted, dry, and it will often crumble. The plate may separate from the nail bed and may also appear red, orange or brown, with red spots in the lunula. MMA (methyl methacrylate) is a liquid monomer used for acrylic nails by some unscrupulous salons even though it is considered by and prohibited by the FDA to be a poisonous and deleterious substance.

A Hematoma is the result of trauma to the nail plate. It can happen from simply trapping your finger or toe in the car door to friction from improperly fitting or ‘too-tight’ shoes, to a sports related injury. A hematoma may also indicate a fractured bone. Many people who participate in sports activities experience hematoma because of the constant friction from the shoes against the toenails.

Koilonychia/spoon nails- are thin and soft and shaped like a little spoon that is often capable of holding a drop of water. There are many causes, but the most frequent one is iron deficiency anemia.

Onychauxis -is thickening of the nail unit that occurs in both onychomycosis and psoriasis. Onychorrhexis presents as nail plate ridges parallel to the lateral nail fold. This may arise as a sign of normal aging or as the manifestation of underlying diseases such as and psoriasis.

1.2 Different Types of Nail Diseases Onychogryposis are claw-type nails that are characterized by a thickened nail plate and are often the result of trauma. This type of nail plate will curve inward, pinching the nail bed and sometimes require surgical intervention to relieve the pain.

Nail Biting- Is a common problem, especially among young children. While the habit is typically outgrown, it has been linked to anxiety or boredom in older children and adults. Not only does nail biting ruin the look of the nails, it is also a good way to transfer infectious organisms from the fingers to the mouth and vice versa. ix

A tic habit deforms the nails by repeated picking at the cuticle. Paronychia infections of the nail fold can be caused by bacteria, fungi and some viruses. If a tear or a break occurs in this seal, the bacterium can easily enter. This type of infection is characterized by pain, redness and swelling of the nail folds.

Onychia – An of the nail matrix accompanied by pus formation caused by improperly sanitized nail implements and bacterial infections.

Onychoptosis- It is the periodic shedding of one or more nails, either in the whole or in part. This condition maybe a symptom of a more alarm disease such as or can result from fever, trauma systematic upset or adverse reaction to Ridges-It is caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually resulting from illness.

Onychocryptosis or Ingrown nails –In this condition, the nails grows into the sides of the flesh and may cause infection. Improper trimming and shaping of nails are often responsible for ingrown nails. It is referred to ingrown nails which affect the fingers and toenails. It is marked by nail growth into surrounding tissues and may cause infection. Incorrect trimming a shaping of nails are often responsible for ingrown nails. Onychgryposis – a condition in which the nail curvature is increased and enlarged; the nail becomes thicker and curves sometimes. It Pertains to extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually it is caused by varying degree of hyperkeratosis (skin disease in which the skin gets thicker) on the distal portion of the nail bed that detaches and lifts the plate off the bed.

Onycholysis- A loosening of the nails caused by internal disorder infection or drug treatment. It refers to the detachment of the nail from the nail bed, starting at its distal and/or lateral attachment. The most common cause of onycholysis is psoriasis.

Onychomycosis- It is an infectious disease caused by a vegetable parasite. The onset of the disease takes about two to three months and the attack is rarely on more than one or two nails. The appearance of the nail is x

frayed (worn out), brittle with furrowed surface, opaque, grayish, or yellowish in color and is lifted-up by an accumulation of epidermis underneath

What’s More

To learn more and deepen your understanding, do and accomplish all the given activities.

COMPLETION TEST

Directions: Each sentence below has a blank space; each blank indicates that something has been omitted. Inside the box are words that fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. Write your answers on a one whole sheet of paper.

Hyperkeratosis Bluish Onychia Uneven Eggshell nails Furrows Treating cuts Shedding Detachment Hangnail 1. ______are long ridges that run either lengthwise or across the nail. 2. ______is a term applicable to chronic inflammation of the nail fold and nail bed. 3. pertains to extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually it is caused by varying degree of ______. 4. Onychoptosis is the periodic______of one or more nails, either in the whole or in part. 5. Ridges are caused by ______growth of the nails, usually resulting from Illness. 6. Blue nail is ______in color, may be attributed to poor blood circulation or heart disorder. 7. ______are caused by an accident during manicure service. 8. ______is a condition in which the cuticle splits around the nail 9. ______separates from the nail-bed and curves at the free edge. 10. Onycholysis refers to the ______of the nail from the nail bed, starting at its distal and/or lateral attachment.

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Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in one whole sheet of paper. Directions: Read and analyzed the statement carefully below. Then choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in one whole sheet of paper.

1. What do you call to any disease, disorder, or condition of the nails? a. Pus b. Onychosis c. fungi d. nail disorder 2. These are conditions caused by injury to the nails, diseases, or imbalances in the body. a. nail disorder b. nail disease c. fungi d. bluish nail 3. A diseases becomes ______when it spreads from one person to another by direct or indirect contact. a. Sterilization b. non-contagious c. contagious d. organism 4. What nails are characterized by a thickened nail plate and are often the result of trauma? a. pointed nail b. Onychogryposis c. mountain peak nail d. oval nail 5. Which nail disorder is usually caused by iron-deficiency anemia? These nails show raised ridges and are thin and concave. . a. Melanonychia b. Leuconychia c. Onychauxis d. Koilonychia 6. Which infections of the nail fold can be caused by bacteria, fungi and some viruses? a. Pseudomonas b. fungal c. Paronychia d. Onychatrophia 7. This nail problem is also the result of overexposure to water and chemical solvents such as household cleaning solutions. a. Brittle Nails b. Psoriasis c. Pterygium d. Melanonychia 8. It is a sign of persistent anxiety that could benefit from treatment? a. onychophagy/bitten nails c. Vertical Ridges b. Nail Patella Syndrome d. MMA Damaged Nails 9. These are the problem of nails from fungal and bacterial infections to other causes of the nail abnormalities. a. nail diseases b. nail disorder c. nail infection d. onychia 10. How to prevent onychia nail diseases? a. nails should always be trimmed b. always keep the nails clean and use properly sanitized implements c. use antifungal foot’s spray or powder and avoid cutting the skin d. Always wear properly fitted footwear that offers your toes 11. Which of the following is not belong to the nail disorder? a. bruised nail b. corrugations c. hangnails d. onychia 12. Which of the following is a common problem, especially among young children? while the habit is typically outgrown, it has been linked to anxiety or boredom in older children and adults. a. Nail Biting b. Onychatrophia c. Onychauxis d. Onycholysis 13. This type of infection is characterized by onycholysis (nail plate separation) with evident debris under the nail plate. It normally appears white or yellowish in xii

color, and may also change the texture and shape of the nail. a. Onychorrhexis b. Onychomycosis c. Psoriasis d. Pterygium 14. How would you prevent/ care for hangnails disorder? a. This can be treated by not applying pressure on the nail plate b. File the nail smooth and buff with pumice powder c. This may be trimmed with cuticle nippers, moisturize and apply cuticle oil. d. all of the above 15. Which of the following is not belong to the nail diseases? a. Onycholysis b. Onychogryposis c. Onychatrophia d. Onychauxis

Key Answer

D 15.

D 15.

C 14.

A 14.

B 13.

B 13.

A 12.

C 12.

D 11.

D 11.

B 10.

G 10. B 10.

A 9.

C 9. C 9.

A 8.

I 8. A 8.

A 7.

D 7. B 7.

C 6.

E 6. B 6.

D 5. H 5. A 5.

B 4. B 4. A 4.

C 3. J 3. A 3.

A 2. A 2. C 2.

B 1. F 1. D 1.

Know I What

More What’s

Assessment

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F 10.

T 9.

T 8.

F 7.

T 6.

nail Ingrown 5. F 5.

Hypertrophy 4. T 4.

cuts Treating 3. T 3.

nails Spoon 2. T 2.

biting Nail 1. T 1.

1 Activity

In What’s New What’s

References

• Moore, Oakley and Franco. The World of Cosmetology. McGraw-Hill Book Company: 1980

• K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education K to 12 –Home Economics-Beauty Care(Nail Care) Services CG Dec.,2013

• www.lasernailtherapy.com

• www.salonsuccessacademy.com

 https://www.mdedge.com/familymedicine/article/63260/nail-disorders-and-systemic- disease-what-nails-tell-us

 https://www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of-Nail-Disease.aspx  https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html

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