Established 1817 ______Vol 14 No. 1______Fortnightly l/6d.

ROGER LAW

of an imperialism which holds two-thirds of the world in its thrall. Against this, two liberal traditions were thought to stand firm. The first L.S.E. ’s GREAT concerned the climate of British political life: in which racism might be permitted TRADITION in Britain’s possessions abroad, but would not be elevated to a main At every point in British society the principle in domestic affairs. The second question of race may be found. Open the concerned the values which British REPRESSION press, and its pages speak of the concern culture professed: of calm and which the problem arouses: of houses dispassionate thought, of respect for all turned by the blacks into slums, of a sides in debate. national assistance borne down by their The Dwarf discusses the spurious nature N. IRELAND weight, of classrooms where no English of these liberal traditions, and places is spoken. Or walk down to the City, them in the class context of Britain where the institutions of commerce and today. It indicates the extent to which BLACK trade testify to thriving imperial links. the black community has become thè Or reflect back over the records of tool of the political right and the Callaghan, Wilson, and Heath, whose scapegoat of a society and government BRETHREN most iniquitous hours have been passed whose aim is the renovation of a in depriving coloured passport holders of capitalism which should have been long rights, in arguing whether keeping in its grave. It gives an account of the SCHOOLS married people apart would constitute a position at the London School of final solution. Economics, a microcosm of the The problem has repercussions abroad. university system and the values it holds. For twenty-five years the grand gestures BRAZIL PERU The LSE, it appears, was never a centre o f furnishing aid, of granting of detached and benevolent science; and independence to all, have meant in practice those who govern its course, no less than the rich growing richer, the poor staying the ideas which are taught, are the BRITTANY poor, and bombings and napalm for instruments of racism abroad and those who protest. The straightforward reaction at home. colonial considerations which dominated The black community, no less than the British politics for more than 100 years political left, is under attack. More WHO IS have given way to considerations at exposed than the left, it is the most times more obscure but as omnipresent obvious victim of general repression — a ENOCH POWELL as ever: considerations of profit and loss, repression which flows from the crisis of gain and retreat, in the machinations throughout the whole of the West. The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 2 THEREFORE THERE ARE TWICE AS MANY WHITE AS COLOURED IMMIGRANTS Between 1964 and 1966, average inflow from Common Market countries: 24, 000 per year. From white and coloured Commonwealth countries: 11, 000 per year. A coloured immigrant receives, on average, £48 per year in social services. The aver­ age white worker takes £62 per year. Yet, because they are younger, coloured imm­ igrants pay more in National Insurance contributions. Nearly half our junior doctors and a fifth of the training nurses and midwives in hos­ pitals are coloured. 5, 000 doctors from Asia and Africa alone. WHO Is 15 % of London’s bus conductors and drivers, and 20% of railway staff are coloured. ENOCH POWELL? He is a right-wing Tory opportunist who will stop at nothing to help his party and ULSTER his class. He lives in Belgravia. BLUFF SINCERITY It is rare for a bourgeois parliamentary election forced any liberal — let along socialist to clarify the issues at stake. Two weeks ago in initiatives on the clique in Stormont are these WHAT DOES HE the six counties, however, an election achieved same left extremists — the People’s Democracy just this effect. and the genuine committees of action. Unionists, whether O’Neillite, Craigite, or The left must build on the mass support Paisleyite, had wanted nothing to happen in expressed in the recent elections, and destroy Ulster; they have been opposed to all change. the appeal of those worthies of the Derry BELIEVE IN? Lynch and the Fianna Fail crew disliked the Action Committee who have ridden to activists in the North as much as anyone else, Stormont on a wagon which was not theirs to In higher unemployment. He has consistently advocated a national average of 3 per for they have little to be proud of in Dublin ride. cent unemployed. itself. The renegade Wilson, stirred by the It faces a number of problems. The movement In cuts in the social services He wants higher Health charges, charges for state catholic voters of Huyton, has mouthed only a is non-sectarian in terms of religion — yet its education, and lower unemployment pay. pathetic ‘concern’. None of these parties, main support is drawn from the. catholic, rather than the protestant, working class, and this fact In attacks on trade union rights He resigned from the National Discount Company however, received much comfort from what has transpired. must be realistically faced. because the company agreed to a closed shop in one section of its business. The People’s Democracy and their associates The border issue has so far been In high rents and luxury housing “the two giant evils of rent controls and housing have emerged from the election with clear counter-productive. It is drenched in subsidies have inflicted incredible hardships and squalor on the people of this proof of extensive support. They have not built chauvinistic myth and nationalistic reaction. country”. “The Council House system today is immoral and socially damaging.” a mass socialist movement, buy they have Yet the militants in the six counties must continue to organise with comrades south of In fewer and poorer schools “I believe in a reduction in the prospective rate of advanced by a singular step: they have broken the hold of the old nationalist green-Tory party the Border. increase of total state expenditure on education. ” over the catholics. They must work out their attitude to the In mass sackings in the docks. Again and again he has argued that the docks are The next step is clear: to return to the possible activation of section 75 of the ‘grossly overmanned’. agitation, to the direct action which provoked Government of Ireland Act, which would, if In Munich. “Britain’s part in the war was a great mistake; Britain should have made a the original crisis; and to organise in the face of used, enable Westminster to bring Ulster a repression which will certainly follow. directly under its control. treaty with Hitler at the time of Munich leaving Europe to the dictator and the What of this repression? Its rationale is not hard We in this country should not adopt the Empire to the British”. to seek. The British government and press had patronising attitude of the British press towards hoped that O’Neill would win; and, mistaking Ulster (‘facing the past’). The comrades there Enoch Powell is the consistent, declared enemy of the working class - a high priest the wish for the deed, they had fervently have not only marched, occupied, and defied of the capitalist system. He is opposed to all controls except immigration control. predicted this outcome. O’Neill had the correct massive repression. They have won the support blend of upper-class hypocrisy, appropriate of 25,000 people; they have begun the end of Powell is playing exactly the same game as Hitler and Mosley played before the last genuflections towards ‘moderation’, and, above the Ulster police state. war. He is saying exactly the same things which Mosley was saying five years ago. He all, the sense too see that you should beat a is whipping up racist feeling against the minority in order to gain the support of th e, man up in darkness rather than out in the day. majority. The workers who fought for Hitler in Germany in 1933 soon paid the He wore his orange sash under, rather than price. Their trade unions were smashed. Their lives at home and at work were over, his shirt. But O’Neill’s position has been quite undermined, terrorized by Fascist thugs. Eventually, eight million Germans paid with their lives. and those who have most praised his moder­ The choice is simple. Either to work together with all nationalities and colours for a ation - for the reaction it hid - now begin to strong and socialist trade union movement. Or to support Powell and see jobs, change sides. The British press is coming to homes, and the standard of living go down in a wave of racist hysteria. terms with the Reverend Paisley himself. The ruffian of yesterday becomes today’s colourful and rumbustious crusader. In Paisl­ ey’s bluff sincerity there will be much to ad­ WHITE IMMIGRANTS: mire, and he will be actuated, you may be sure, ‘by a genuine desire for Ulster’s improve­ ment. ’ In Britain, demonstrators, Welshmen, and Ireland 750, 000 students are flung into jail; and unofficial strikers are shortly to follow. In Ulster, the extremists of the People’s Democracy will be Canada, Australia sharing this fate. What is the truth? The only people to have & N. Zealand 1 7 2 , 000 Germ any 1 3 4 , 000 GOVERNORS Poland 1 1 0 , 000 PLACEMEN AND KNAVES Nicholas Bateson, lecturer in Psychology at the A. second important objection, however, was USA 8 7 , 000 London School of Economics, was recently that the Director and Governors of the School called before a court drawn from the Standing had the most intimate links with racism and Committee of the Governors of the School. imperialism in South Africa, Rhodesia, and so The charges which, if proven, lead to his on, and would therefore be bound to be biased COLOURED IMMIGRANTS dismissal, relate directly to his part in the against anyone who challenged these links. struggle over the two central issues at the In his opening address to the court, Bateson set school: them out. West Indian 2 7 0 , 000 first, that he urged students “to coerce the “You Lord Robbins, as former chairman of authorities of the School to break their alleged British Petroleum, have been a big exploiter of connections with Rhodesia”; black slave labour in southern Africa. Dr. second, that he urged the students to remove Adams is notorious for his past career as an Indian 2 4 0 , 000 the iron gates. agent of imperialism in the educational system Bateson contended that, while the findings of of Rhodesia and in particular for his collusion the court could wreck his academic future, its with the racialist policies of the Smith regime. A fric a n 9 3 , 000 hearing was conducted without any of the F. Seebohm either is or has been until recently safeguards offered by the bourgeois legal chairman of Barclay’s Bank DCO, which system; that the governors whom he faced organises all Barclays investments in southern constituted prosecution, judge, jury, aggrieved Africa. ” P ak is ta n i 7 5 , 000 party, and executioner, all rolled into one. The briefest examination of the. business The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 3 connections of the Governors reveals Bateson’s de Rothschild, Baroness Serota, Maxwell Such a consideration was at the origin of the achieved only through the liberation of the charge to be true. Lord Robbins was certainly a Stamp, and Sir Eric Roll. Their directorships Cuban adoption of socialism. Breton people, the creation of a Breton society director of British Petroleum — and is on the include De Beers Consolidated Mines, “Our struggle must then conform with the freed from all foreign domination. board of a number of newpapers, the Rothschild Investment Trust, and Beaverbrook general principles of socialism. We want nothing “Those who in Brittany call themselves Economist, the Investors’ Chronicle, and the Newspapers. to do with bureaucratic, authoritarian, socialists or communists but reject the pursuit Financial Times. Seebohm is a director of The new Governors share no great distinction, imperialistic state socialism. The recent events of national independence are but hypocrites, Barclay’s Bank DCO, other Barclay subsidiaries, therefore, save that of belonging in the main to in Central Europe show that genuine socialism ignorant, or traitors. ” and Credit Congolais. Sir Sydney Caine, Dr. the Athenaeum or Reform Club, clubs to which must be particular to, and independent for, It as, as yet, doubtful whether the jailed Adams’ predecessor in office, is a governor of Governors already belong. The evidence is not each people. Our socialism will be adapted to Bretons will be tried under these laws (with a the Reserve Bank of Rhodesia. Their associates yet conclusive, but it certainly seems as if Lord the needs of the Breton people, based on minimum sentence of 10 years imprisonment) among the LSE Governors include directors of Robbins is packing the board with his own humanism, co-operation, and the sense of or under the treason laws (under which they the following companies: United Africa Co., placemen and knaves. community, respectful of all human liberties, might be executed). Sierra Leone Development Co., African The political and cultural links of the LSE with inspired by the traditions of freedom and the After years of persecution, after being banned Explosives and Chemical Industries, Unilever, Britain’s racist and imperialist past are clearly spiritualism of our Celtic civilisation. It will from dem ocratic means of gaining Union Trust, Courtaulds (owners of one of brought out in an article occupying the centre ensure for each Breton the largest participation independence, it is small wonder that Brittany Mississippi’s largest plantations), and Societe pages of the Black Dwarfs present issue. possible at every level of society. is now following other excolonial nations in Francaise des Petroles. Drawing on all the available facts it discusses “We are nationalists and ‘independentists’ using violence to gain independence. In the last few days, evidence has arrived in this the contribution which a succession of because we know that our socialism can be P. Berresford Ellis. office suggesting that membership of the LSE’s Directors have made to the intellectual and governing body has considerably changed. moral life of this country and the tradition of Among those who have been brought on to the learning they have pursued. Court of Governors are Lord Hirshfield, Evelyn Ann Scott PERU A major political controversy has arisen between the specify that the agreements will lapse automatically it United States and one of its client military cliques in US property is seized and not indemnified within six Latin America - the ruling junta of Peru. The dispute months. concerns a Peruvian claim for $690m. back payment The government of Peru has managed to resist that of in taxes which the International Petroleum Company the United States, and has signed a $ 100m. credit is alleged to owe Peru for the oil extracted in the last agreement with the Soviet Union. If the US does cut PALESTINE thirty-five years. off aid, other Latin American governments may The concession was originally owned by a British support the Peruvian junta; if, on the other hand, it After twenty years of relying on other Arab suchh pro-Arab spokesmen as sometimes exist company, but the terms of the agreement were never allows the seizure of the oil-fields, this may lead to governments and on the major powers, the finally settled; after attempts in 1918 to re-establish further nationalisations by governments in the area. are generally conservatives who dwell on the Peruvian fiscal control, the British sold their US policy is caught between several conflicting Palestinian people have decided to fight their friendship between British imperialism and the concession to IPC, a subsidiary of Standard Oil of New pressures. At the level of domestic politics, there is the own fight, to wage a people’s war against the Middle East of Hussein, Farouk, and Nuri Said. Jersey. perennial contradiction between the Congress, prone Zionist state. Historically, Israel is a colonial state; and the The Peruvian government of Belaunde Terry, a to insist on total servility from America’s overseas This was the theme of the first ever big renegade socialist who headed Peru’s most durable clients, and the President, representing a more Palestinians are fighting to regain the lands reactionary party, nationalised the Talara refinery, but sophisticated version of US imperialism; the latter demonstration in Britain in solidarity with from which they were driven. It is the Arab refused to touch the oil-fields of Brea and Parinas. The Palestine, held on Sunday, February 23. The looks to long-term interests, rather than being socialist movements, and not the Arab military junta deposing Belaunde pressed for the drowned by the spittoon chauvinism of Senators and organisers of the march expected 500; there governments, which must receive our support. $ 690m; and occupied the two oil-fields when the cash Representatives. was refused. were over 2, 000 Arabs, Jews, and British. The Israeli shootings and violence against Arab On the international level the conflict represents an mood of the marchers was militant. Their schoolchildren in Gaza and on the West Bank attempt by a specific national bourgeoisie, represented by its military junta, to exploit contradictions banners denounced the November 22 resolution are given minimal coverage in Britain described between international powers to its own ends. When of the UN and called for a union of Israeli and as ‘trouble in Israel’, whereas when Arab the fields were seized the Peruvian Embassy in London Arab socialists; and the presence of Israeli Jews revolutionaries strike this is given headline was quick to re-assure British capital: on this march, no less than the active treatment as ‘another Arab atrocity’. In fact, “The Peruvian Embassy wishes to inform public participation of Jews in the guerrilla movement opinion in Great Britain that the Peruvian Government the very existence o f the fully guarantees the investments and properties of all itself, confirms the socialist solidarity of both Zionist state in Palestine is an atrocity. The foreign companies and private persons in Peru, and in the face of their common enemy, the Zionist Palestinians have spent twenty years waiting in that it not only encourages foreign investment and state. refugee camps; but they are waiting no longer. gives all necessary facilities for this, but it also ensures The marchers had assembled in Hyde Park and the continuation of free trade. . . which allows the The imperialists and the Russians are trying to entire profits of foreign investors to leave the listened to speeches from Arab, Persian, work up some peaceful solution to the Middle country. ” Pakistani, British, and other comrades. Messages East problem that will sell out the Palestinians. In other words - go on plundering the proletariat, but of solidarity came from Black Dwarf, New Left The British left must come out in full support let the national bourgeoisie have a bit of the taxes. Review, RSSF, LSE Socialist Society, the When the Comintern debated the question of the for the Palestinian liberation movement of Arab national bourgeoisie in 1920 there were two British-Vietnam Solidarity Front, the Marxist and Israeli socialists, a movement struggling to possibilities: the national bourgeois could play the role Group of the School of Oriental and African resolve the problem by establishing the only of ally of imperialism, or it could take up a Studies, and other groups. Members of the socialist solution — a de-Zionised society free temporarily anti-imperialist stand. A third possibility Israeli Socialist Organization (Matzpen) also is now open — that of playing off one imperialist from national discrimination, oppression and power against another. The Congolese threw out the attended, and distributed a statement in persecution. Belgians and brought in the US and the Japanese after- support of the Palestine guerrilla movement. Fred Halliday. seizing the Union Miniere in 1965; the Persians seized The flag of the Palestinian people flew over the the British oil refinery in 1951 - then replaced i f by demonstration as it may one day fly over The action of the military junta led by Gen. Velasco an international consortium; the Peruvians are playing Socialist background material on Palestine may has unleashed mass anti-American feeling in Peru. In a similar game. Jerusalem and Tel Aviv; and after the speeches, be found in the following works: February, Peruvian naval vessels seized an American Although there are these contradictions within the the march proceeded via the United States Maxime Rodinson, Israel and the Arabs, fishing vessel and shot up another within their imperialist camp, possibly leading to a false feeling of Embassy to the Israeli Embassy in Notting Hill. Penguin Special. territorial limits - which the Peruvians fix at 200 national unity behind a national bourgeoisie, they are Lenin and Trotsky were firm opponents of miles. The US Congress has now threatened to cut off of some value to the revolutionary movement. They Isaac Deutscher, ‘On the Israel-Arab War’, New aid to Peru, valued at $ 26m. per year, and to cancel will bring no benefits at all to the peasants in the Zionism, the imperialist nature of which they Left Review 44. the preferential treatment given to Peruvian sugar sugar-fields and the workers of Lima: in this sense the saw even then. The British left, however, has ‘Israel and Imperialism’, International Socialism under the 1962 Sugar Act, which brings in $ 45m. p. a. dispute is about how the profits are to be shared out not taken a firm stand on Zionism. On the 32. to the Peruvian ruling class. These two cancellations among different sectors of the ruling class, and not contrary, there has been much misplaced will come into operation automatically unless stopped about whether the profits are to be used for the ‘Platform of the Popular Front for the by the US government. Both the aid and sugar acts benefit of the Peruvian people. support for Israel as a ‘socialist’ state, and Liberation of Palestine’, hostility to the Arabs on the grounds that their Black Dwarf 11. governments are reactionary or bureaucratic. Tony Cliff, The Struggle in the Middle East. The British press is openly pro-Zionist; and SHEFFIELD SCREWDRIVER Despite dull and bitterly cold weather, some John Good walked into court, entered the 3000 people mostly from Vietnam groups and dock, turned his back on the magistrate and left-wing organisations in the North of England, scanned the gallery for friendly faces. Finding marched in Sheffield in solidarity with the three, he smiled broadly and faced Edward Vietnamese, NLF. Robey, the magistrate. The demonstration was one of good spirit, P.C. 71C charged John with possessing and BRITTANY and included a wide cross section of the left brandishing a 3-inch pocket screwdriver, an Two weeks ago, nine Welshmen were arrested to be taught in schools, and in 1968 they jailed wing movemnments. Most of the slogans were offensive weapon. The screwdriver was and charged with offences connected with their a schoolmaster who was found breaking the of a clear cut solidarity line, although some allegedly used to strike at the woman driver of part in the nationalist movement; and further law. marchers still try to mix this up with more a vehicle displaying an American flag. arrests may be expected in the period leading In 1939 a law was passed threatening anyone ambiguous slogans, and there were even the John testified that the screwdriver was in his up to the investiture o f the Prince o f Wales at who might attempt by any means (writings, occasional daffodils to be seen. pocket. He was dragged off by the police, Caernavan Castle. association etc. ) to sever any part of the Organised by an ad-hoc committee which pulled free by the demonstrators and returned Far from crushing out the Free Wales Army, its territory governed by France with one to 10 included the Shardlows shop stewards to the midst of his comrades. Assembling his strength is likely now to increase. A report years in goal in peacetime and penal servitude committee (a large engineering works in thoughts as well as his body, he realised that from our Celtic correspondent indicates that in wartime. From 1946-48 many Bretons Sheffield), the march started at the Tinsley the screwdriver (which he uses at his job as a decades o f repression have failed to stamp out patriots were executed by the French. Since wireworks on the outskirts of the town, and computer engineer), though clipped in an inside nationalist activities in Brittany. June 4, 1960, the same is punishable by made its way through an industrial district to a pocket, could still be construed as an offensive rally on the steps of the Townhall. weapon and should therefore be disposed of. 60 Bretons have been arrested in recent weeks, perpetual imprisonment and conspiracy to do The air was thick with criticisms and This he did by dropping the ‘weapon’ at his accused of having taken part in the activities of so is punishable with 10 to 20 years goal. accusations against the stewards - mostly CP feet. Shortly thereafter, he was dragged off the Front for the Liberation of Brittany (FLB). In December last year the National Political who did nothing to prevent the arrests and again and subsequently charged with possession This underground organisation has carried out Council of the FLB (with the agreement of the actively prevented people from rendering of an offensive weapon. about 30 bomb attacks during the past two Breton Republican Army - another militant assistance, and according to one source actually At the court, John asked the P. C. a few years against French administrative buildings nationalist organisation) issued a four page questions. If he had punched the chauffeur why and installations in Brittany. manifesto stating the aims of the FLB. Among pointed out at least one of the militants to the police. hadn’t he been charged with assault and the The jailed men have come from all walks of its aims, it stated: At the rally on the town hall steps, more woman produced as a witness? “Presumably she life. . . workers, farmers, school teachers, “We denounce the colonialist and imperialist arrests took place as a ‘flying column’ of police architects, and even four Catholic priests. 'rule which deprives our people, a distinct didn’t wish to press charges”. Did the constable The Breton situation is desperate. The last entity, of the political power to manage their barged in to the centre of the crowd and ever see the weapon in John’s hand? “No” , the independent Breton Parliament was crushed in own affairs. Here is a case of aggression by a snatched a couple of people who had been constable was flustered and he began to 1804 - after a ten year struggle - by the majority ethnic group which is driving a arguing (including a CP steward). There was no contradict himself further. The screwdriver armies of the young French Republic. Since minority group to cultural, socio-economic and co-ordinated attempt at defence. Altogether 22 appeared to have been simultaneously in John’s comrades were arrested. that date France has been conducting a war of demographic extermination. . . hand and’ in the hand of a constable 10 yards cultural genocide against the Breton people. “Exploited as we are by a foreign capitalist, A big section of the demonstration away. The magistrate intervened “You admit to For the past 50 years Bretons have presented state, our struggle for independence must adopt expressed its frustration by chanting slogans so have the weapon. . . These leaflets were found innumerable demands for cultural rights. The as to completely drown the speech of CP leader in your pocket. . . Clearly you were there to the methods which have proved their worth in John Gollan. This may not have been in the Ar Brezhoneg er Skol petition in favour of the anti-colonialist struggle throughout the cause trouble. . . People are sick to death of teaching Breton in schools (1937) was backed world. best traditions of democracy on the left but these unruly mobs who gather on any pretext by the majority of Breton deputies and Breton nevertheless in the circumstances hardly whatever whether it is Vietnam or Greece or It is inconceivable that an impoverished and surprising. Among slogans shouted was “No no municipal councils. Some 150, 000 signed a despoiled people could really be free tied in the Biafra. . . two months in gaol. . . . ” petition in 1967 for the teaching of Breton in same political system as a rich and powerful no CP and fights broke out between stewards So a police constable who concocted a story schools. Despite the fact that one million neighbour. It would immediately be brought and hecklers. Overall it was rather a sorry and a magistrate who opposes political Bretons still speak their national language, the back into subjection by its capital. This culmination to years of effort to unify the left demonstrations combined to put a man behind French Government will not allow the language happened in many former French colonics. around the defence of the Vietnamese bars. revolution Mike Martin Henrv Worfis The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 4 DWARF LETTERS

by the State of California. We ask assistance from those defenders of ELDRIDGE CLEAVER freedom who identify with our action and wish to share in The Editor, meeting this obligation. Cheques Eldridge Cleaver, Minister of should be made out to: Cleaver Information of the Black Panther Bail Fund, c/o Charles Garry, Party, former Presidential Att., 341 Market St., San candidate, author of Soul on Ice Francisco, Calif. 94105. and Senior Editor of Ramparts Mary Jane Aguilar, M. D. magazine, has been forced to Godfrey Cambridge become a fugitive from political Kathleen Cleaver persecution at the hands of the Paul Jacobs California Adult Authority, a Edward Keating body of political appointees Phillip Shapiro, M. D. wielding absolute power over the fate of parolees of the State’s prisons — parolees who are deprived of the elementary constitutional provisions of due THOMPSON'S process. On April 6, 1968 Cleaver was NEWSPAPERS one of a number of Panthers arrested following an encounter Dear Comrade, PICKETS DRAWN FROM 30 FORD SHOP STEWARDS OUTSIDE THE LAW with members of the Oakland Your article on D C Thomson’s, the Scottish police department in which newspaper publishers, though excellent, COURTS IN THE STRAND WERE JOINED, AT THEIR REQUEST, BY OVER Cleaver was wounded and 17 year omitted some important points: an estimated 100 L.S.E. STUDENTS. MARCH 3, 1969. Photo: John Boler old Bobby Hutton was killed. 30% - 40% of shareholders in Thomson’s are Cleaver, on parole after having Rhodesian citizens; a statutory question at all D served 9 years of a 14 year C Thomson interviews is “What is your sentence, had his parole religion?” - the correct, the only answer is summarily revoked by the CAA “Protestant”; a case is reported from the without benefit of a hearing of Glasgow office of a man who had worked for AFRIKANER any kind. Thomson’s for 15 years: it was discovered that Driving along the road from Johannesburg to fight for the maintenance of “the purity of Cleaver was returned to prison he had joined a union and he was given 20 Pretoria I picked up a young Afrikaans Afrikaans culture, ” and the antagonism towards until June 1968 when Judge minutes to clear out of his office and get out; a hitchhiker. He started telling me about his English-speaking South Africans, which still Raymond Sherwin of the Solano 22-year old reporter with the Dundee Courier Alsatian dog, describing the way he had trained persists, the Afrikaners are obsessively anxious (Calif.). Superior Court ordered and Advertiser told me that he received it “to go for Kaffirs. ” By putting a cardboard to gain approval and recognition in Europe on that his parole be reinstated, £7. 10. 0. per week. The abysmal standard of box over the puppy’s head, and then ordering whose investments they are dependent. having found that, “The peril to The Courier’s editorials is legendary. Most of the native delivery boys to kick and stone it, This ambivalent attitude towards Europe is his parole status stemmed from no them are so desperately reactionary that they he conditioned the dog to associate “black” an inevitable result of the difficulty of failure of personal rehabilitation, are merely ridiculous; however, their hysteria with aggression. “He’s killed two Kaffirs so far maintaining isolation in a post-war world. Even but from his undue eloquence in sometimes reaches such a pitch as to be — but lucky for me — one was breaking in the if the dream of economic independence could pursuing political sickening in their gross bad taste and perversity. other was pinching my bicycle — so the cops be realised, symbolised by the perpetual search goals. . . Cancellation was the Such was the case on the day after the murder just warned me to keep him under better for oil in South African territory, the conflicts product of a type of pressure of Martin Luther King. The leading editorial control. ” within the laager will still persist. For despite unbecoming, to say the least, to seemed, even in The Courier’s truncated prose, The same week Dr. Verwoerd’s decision to clinging to their rural past, with a host of t h e la w enforcement to be a decent tribute: that is, until one had receive Chief Leabua, Prime Minister of monuments, public holidays and folk myths paraphernalia of this state. ” read it. The gist of the argument was: “A shame Lesotho, in South Africa was publicised. He celebrating landmarks of Boer History, the The Alameda County Court about Martin Luther King. But if we let any was to stay at Cape Town’s most exclusive Afrikaners are now an urban people. During the had set Cleaver’s bail on the more wogs into Britain, civil strife is bound to White hotel, and be afforded the usual forties they moved from the farms and broke charges stemming from the April break out here. Let’s stop any more from courtesies to foreign depolomats. into the urban preserves of English and Jewish incident at the outrageous sum of coming in and, while we’re at it, think about These two stories illustrate the dilemma of capitalism. They now head vast state 50, 000 dollars. Having been sending some of them that are here back”. the Afrikaner regime, between the traditional corporations, banks and expanding industries. restored to parole status, his Thomson’s also have a monopoly in the supply violence of White domination, and a new Transformed during the space of ten years, the release was secured by supplying a of students’ text-books for Dundee University, concern with the image of South Africa in the epithet “Boer” (farmer) is as insulting to the bondsman’s fee of 5, 000 dollars College of Education, College of Commerce, eyes of an increasingly hostile world. This Afrikaner as “Kaffir” is to the African. cash and the signing of a surety Technical Colleges and schools. conflict has infiltrated the ranks of Urbanization has provided the economic bond by six people. The signators It is a tragedy that Dundee, with a tradition Afrikanerdom itself, threatening the solidarity power to support political dominance won in to this letter, are the six who which includes the rejection of Churchill as an of Afrikaans nationalism on which the 1948. It gives a broader base for an efficient signed that bond because they MP in 1922, the blocking of supplies to The domination of 1,800, 000 Afrikaners over police state controlling political, religious, and believed then that Cleaver was a Courier in 1932 and the busmen’s strike against 1,200, 000 English-speaking and 13 million educational institutions; the press and radio, political prisoner, as they believe the P.I.B. in 1968, should still be cursed with black South Africans is founded. and a large defence force. But it has also now that he is a political fugitive. this foul rag as its local newspaper. This nationalism has evolved in the context resulted in a split within Afrikanerdom, Cleaver was willing to stand Yours fraternally, of an individualistic and rural frontier society, characterised by the names of the two wings of trial for the alleged shoot-out, for on the defensive not only against numerically the nationalist party; the Verkramptes, “the he was certain, as we were, that Stewart MacLennan superior Africans, but the sophistication of narrow ones, and the Verligtes, the his innocence would be 295 Perth Road British imperialism. The industrial colour bar, “ enlightened”. The latter argue for demonstrated at the trial. Dundee. one of the chief props of the apartheid regime, rapprochement with Europe and “benevolent However, the Reagan was won in the 1920s when the poor white apartheid. ” The former are the purists fighting administration was determined to Afrikaners struck against the British controlled for increased isolation and more rigidly get Cleaver back inside prison Mine Corporation’s policy of exploiting cheap enforced segregation. walls. It succeeded in getting a LEFT TACTICS black labour; rallying under slogans such as The traditional rationale for the Verkrampte reversal of Judge Sherwin’s order “Workers of the world unite” and “Fight for a stand lies in the Afrikaans version of Calvinism by the State Court of Appeals Dear Sirs in terms of a chosen race and Biblical requiring Cleaver’s return to It is a pity that Black Dwarf chose to exhort white South Africa. ” Trotsky described the ‘Create two, three, many LSE’s' (February 14). struggle of the Afrikaners as that of a brave justification for domination. This is prison on November 27, 1968, a fundamental’ to the individualistic sense of date roughly one month in The LSE gates, up or down, cannot lead minority group fighting British capitalism. anywhere but back into the LSE. To us, the The outlook of Afrikaners is therefore one mission of the Afrikaners, historically and advance of the completion of his gates are symbols of many other evils, both at of self-survival; just as the 18th and 19th today, which is embodied in the Dutch period of parole and also of the home and abroad. But so long as the struggle is century trekkers protected themselves at night Reformed Church. The witch-hunt for date when his trial was to be over them continues, the minds of press and by a tight ring of wagons, surrounding their “Communists” and lone dissenters has recently scheduled. public and, largely, of the protagonists; are live-stock, women and, children, so the larger expelled Beyers Naude, a former pillar of An appeal for a hearing before turned fruitlessly in on the LSE itself. The mentality persist today in an inward-looking Afrikanerdom, who said: “We must seek the U.S. Supreme Court was -, wider evils do not become the subject of the fear of infiltration into the camp. Mistrust of Christian justice. . . also towards other groups denied by Justice Marshall, and struggle. It is too easy for the authorities to outside influences is reflected in the rigid in our country. If this is not our prayer and Cleaver, bereft of his censorship of the mass media. In 1966 the striving then we must go under; then God constitutional rights to due ignore them. It is easy for the press to exclude “Studentebond” (Student’s Union) in the cannot allow us to survive. God does not process and fully convinced that if them. The school is closed and reopened. Afrikaans university of Stellenbosch voted guarantee the survival of any nation. ” Dr. he returned to prison he faced the Thirteen people are indicted for plotting overwhelm ingly against field-scholarship Verwoerd saw this “as a danger in our midst. ” grave risk of being killed there violence. The issue has now become whether or exchange with America, where students would Defectors from the Afrikaner causes are not because of his politics, chose to not these thirteen are to be victimised. The become “brainwashed” by liberal influences. seen as rebels, but as traitors. become a political exile. public mind is further than ever from the wider Afrikaners are caught in the paradox of When the black revolution erupts then the We respect his judgment and evils it was originally the intention of the simultaneously posing as the guardians of Afrikaners will be forced back into their his right to remain alive. We have students to attack. Contrast this with the incident in Germany Western civilization, the last bastion against historical position of united defence. Then the no regrets about his action and in early February when students threw bags of Communism in the West, and of being cut off divisions between the narrow and the our own role in securing his enlightened, the English and the Afrikaners will release from prison. We consider slaughterhouse blood at the visiting British from the mainstream of western thought. Premier as a protest against his Nigerian policy. Whilst arrogating to themselves the title of become irrelevant by the common fact of a that the 50, 000 dollar bail which white skin. has been forfeited was in truth a We see at once that his protest makes an Afrikaner, the benches in the public parks read. inescapable political and moral point. Whatever “Europeans Only” . In spite of the rear-guard Hermione Harris ransom, for Cleaver’s life exacted The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 5 may or may not result from it, it directs attention outwards towards the objective evil, instead of on to the phenomenon of protest as such. Whatever action and discussion may follow it cannot exclude the moral point being made by the protesters. In the same issue Black Dwarf espoused the cause of Tim Daly, who was sentenced to four years for blowing up the dome of the Imperial THE HOLY War Museum. He certainly deserves sympathy, as his motives were idealistic and his trial shameful. But his action was ill-chosen. Museums are neutral, even war museums. Indeed, we need them to find out about war in UNIONIST order to be able to combat it. His action has the same drawbacks as the action over the LSE gates: as a symbol it is ambiguous, and focuses attention more on itself than on the things it symbolises. Let me return to the incident in Germany: it ALLIANCE is shameful that while so much energetic protest is going on in his own country, it is only abroad that Mr Wilson has to face forceful objections to his Nigerian policy. This ought to have made us think! While we are wrapped up in University architecture, armaments are leaving this country unimpeded to shatter hundreds of lives every week in Biafran market places and hospitals. Here is an issue on which it is possible to take direct action in such a way that the moral point cannot be escaped. Here is an issue on which protesters could not be seperated from what they are protesting about. Here is an issue involving life and death daily. Furthermore, unlike Vietnam, this is an area of bloodshed directly influenceable by the British government. Withdrawal of arms alone would have some practical and moral effect. Further sanctions could force a halt to the war. It is not necessary to have a full analysis of the Nigerian and Biafran ideological positions in order to be certain that the British supply of arms to Nigeria is a brutal act of capitalist self-interest. We need this issue, for the moral health and political strength of the movement, which at the moment is in danger of being beguiled into trivialising itself. The targets for direct action over the supply of arms to Nigeria are not much further away than our own universities. Sincerely,

Gabriel Chanan. 30 Norfolk House, Brookmill Road, SE8. NO TRUCK Dear Comrades, It seems to me that Zionism has now replaced Trotskyism as the big bad bogeyman used by the Stalinist bureaucracies and their dependent Arab military juntas to maintain their grip over the masses. For the Arab masses, socialism will not come through the diversionary (and suicidal) attack on Zionism; as indeed it never came to the Soviet workers through anti-Trotskyist hate campaigns. Thus a bomb placed in a Tel-Aviv market which blows to bits a couple of Israeli workers, or the shooting-up of civilian air travellers, is seen by a paranoic mind as Marxist revolutionary strategy. Poor Karl Marx! With friends like these who needs enemies!? I urge you Comrades to have no truck with vulgar-pseudo-Marxist and Stalinist conceptions about the role and structure of Israel. The alignment of Israel with the Western world is a political choice in a given situation. It was Soviet Russia whichsupported the establishment of Israel, and it was Czech arms which defended it from a British aided Arab attack in that period. If it suits Russia’s book it will switch policy again — as Nasser is likely to do vis-a-vis America. Who will then be American imperialism’s outpost in the Middle East? With regard to your re-printing of a stupid advert inserted in the Jerusalem Post by a right-wing idiot chauvinist, may I ask what important Marxist propaganda point to educate the British working class you were trying to put over? Yours fraternally, S Bernard, London E 5 . ______FREE SPEECH D e a r S i r , My interest was aroused by the list of school students’ demands which appeared in Black Dwarf I found that several of my friends and I agreed with most of these demands and although much apathy exists, many of my fellow sixth form students have grievances which they wish to see redressed, especially concerning “Freedom of speech and assembly, and the right to organise inside schools; no censorship of school magazines, clubs and societies”. So far we have gained only very minor concessions but I feel that with more definite organisation these could be expected. I hope you will supply me with information as I would be glad to co-operate with and support (as would several others) any organisation based on the acceptance of the “demands by school “authorities”. M. DALEY Sincerely, (Name and address withheld). The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 6 THE GREAT TRADITIONS OF THE L.S.E. REACTION RACISM IMPERIALISM

Dr. Walter Adams, Lord Robbins, and Trusteeship. . . It is our duty to maintain, delivered himself in a Fabian pamphlet of these the LSE, pursuing the dispassionate truth, numbers of LSE staff have claimed, not once while the civilisation of the lower races slowly sentiments: proclaimed as scientific fact the notion that: but again and again, that the School is an ripens, the instalment of the world’s unity “Twenty-five percent of our parents, as “The average negro is not as intelligent as the institution taking no political sides, dedicated which has been won by Britain.”5 Professor Karl Pearson keeps warning us, is average white man. . . While it is not apparent to the transmission of learning alone. Mackinder spoke approvingly of the “ideal producing fifty percent of the next generation. to what exact degree the negro is inferior in They have accused student militants of of a white Australia” and argued against This can hardly result in anything but national intelligence to the white man, there is no doubt introducing disruption and strife, of installing “mixture of blood”. Hewins had boasted of deterioration; or. as an alternative, in this that he is on the average inferior.”18 politics where scholarship and science had having made the LSE the first university country gradually falling to the Irish or the This miserable farrago „ of prejudice was traditionally reigned. In their latest epistle to institution in Britain to incoporate ‘imperial Jews. ”11 presented to the world as the last word in the students and staff, the Directors and studies’ into its programme. Mackinder Webb urged his readers of the need to take academic enlightenment. Governors point once again to this learned inaugurated a new course at the LSE for Army measures against the danger of “race These are the ‘standards of learning’ which tradi ey belong, it appears, “to an Officers, known as th e . ‘Mackindergarten’. A deterioration, if not race suicide. ”12 the present Director and Governors are institute which has reason to be proud of its sample peroration to these military cadres He appealed to Lord Rosebery to reassure constantly invoking as the hallmark of the LSE. past. ” unites every ideological theme of British him that he would take steps to “ensure the Anyone who dared express such views today A half century of rabid reaction, the most capitalism of the time: rearing of an Imperial Race”. Even such would be thrown out of an educational intimate links with the advocates of imperialism “With reference to the general object of our apparently unconnected problems as sanitary institution at once. Yet this illiterate bigot and the exponents of race, constitute a past of course, I would remind you that the Army is reform were dragged in on the grounds that ruled the LSE for twenty years, and is still which Dr. Adams may surely be proud; and he the greatest single business in this country. they were “the minimum necessary for fulsomely praised by his successors. As an is but the latest example of a line of great men. Even a great business like that of the London breeding ah even moderately Imperial race”. 13 ultimate indignity, Asian and African students The line began with W. A. S. Hewins, who held and North Western Railway has gross recipts of Webb’s later destiny, as Lord Passfield, was are made to live in an LSE hostel entitled the Directorship in the years 1895-1903; whose only some £15, 000, 000 a year. The Army appropriate enough: he became Colonial “Carr—Saunders Hall”. successors held office in the following years: Council and the Lords of the Admiralty, Minister in Ramsay MacDonald’s government. Carr-Saunders was not merely a racist in the Halford Mackinder 1903-1908 notwithstanding their dignity, are in fact two abstract. He actively urged a White Empire William Pember-Reeves 1908-1919 boards of business directors, and though it may 5) WILLIAM BEVERIDGE policy for the greater Anglicization of the Sidney Webb 1919 be true that the Admiralty turns over more Beveridge was a typical representative of the whole world: William Beveridge 1919-1937 money than the Army Council, yet I need stratum which was the social basis of the “For men of our race there is way of escape not Alexander Carr-Saunders 1937-1957 hardly remind you that the business transacted Fabian Society at the beginning of the century open to the inhabitants of any other European Sidney Caine 1957-1967 in the War Office is related to work of a similar — a climbing bureaucrat involved all his life country. It is possible for men of our race to Walter Adams 1967- character in India, and to works of smaller but with the administration of the labour market people Canada, Australia and New Zealand The words and the deeds of all of these men similar character in other parts of the Empire. and the economy. The imperialist until, as is not yet the case, they are relatively provide much evidence as to the manner in So that the Army is undoubtedly the greatest preoccupations of the first four Directors full. If this comes about, as is earnestly to be which the quest for scholarship has in fact been single business concern in the country. It is true temporarily gave way to a more domestic hoped, men of our race as a whole will come to pursued. of course that it is necessarily conducted on a orientation. Their racism, however, was not form a much larger proportion of the total 1) W. A. S. HEWINS different principle from ordinary city business. abandoned. It was merely redirected into the inhabitants of the world than they do now. ”19 Hewins was a founding member of the The Army is not conducted for profit, but to class struggle at home. Beveridge is often It was logical that Carr-Saunders should have twelve-man Coefficients Club. He was an produce power. . . But although this thought of as the benevolent father of the followed in the footsteps of Pember-Reeves, economist by profession, and a fanatical distinction between profit and power is a real Welfare State. In fact, he was on record with Beveridge and others in applying racist and reactionary by conviction. His autobiography is one, yet I do not think it makes a very vital views of a virulent eugenicism, demanding genetic myths to the social structure of Britain entitled Apologia o f an Imperialist. He did not difference as regards methods”. 66 nothing less than the shutting up and itself. He had no hesitation in declaring that hesitate to put his ideas into practice. He Mackinder was later genially described sterilization of those who were ‘unfit’ for there were biological differences between writes: by Lady Beveridge as “probably the ablest employment. This incredible passage was classes — the ruling class was ‘innately’ superior “I believe the School of Economics was the of the early directors” of the LSE. 7 The written by the Fifth Director of the LSE, in a to the working class. Thus he wrote: first institution to organize a series of lectures summit of the career of this scholar and thinker volume edited by the Webbs: “We should expect to find a certain average and research courses of the University type on a was his service as British High Commissioner to “To guarantee work on honourable conditions difference in intelligence between the classes, large scale on the policy and administration of the White Armies of General Denikin in the is to demoralize the people by making the lot and we do discover it.”20 the British Empire.” Ukraine, during the Russian Civil War, when of the less efficient, less steady, less industrious Pushing this idea even further, he decided What was the tenor of his ‘scholarly’ and Allied intervention was assisting man who is the first to lose his employment as that there must be genetic differences between Value-free’ writings? The following is a counter-revolution in Russia. His personal role pleasant as that of his more efficient, or steady even the subsections of the working-class: representative statement: in helping to try and strangle the October or industrious fellow, who retains his “If we divide the workpeople into a skilled, an “Since the War what we collectively call Revolution at birth was rewarded with a employment. . . The line between unskilled and a casual class it is likely that there Bolshevism has spread with extraordinary knighthood when he returned from Odessa in independence and dependence, between the are innate differences between the groups.”21 virulence throughout the world, and between 1920. efficient and the unemployable has to be made Needless to say, the 'casual class' was usually the aims of Bolshevism and the ideals of the 3) WILLIAM PEMBER-REEVES clearer and broader. . . . Those men who recruited from “the shiftless, unreliable and British Empire there can be no possible through general defects are unable to fill such a unstable types.”22 On Mackinder’s retirement, Webb once again compromise. . . . No definite resolution in ‘whole’ place in industry, must be recognized as Carr-Saunders dominated the life of the reverted to the select circle of the Coefficient matters of policy is to be expected where there ‘unemployable’. They must become the LSE, not only during his two decades as Club. The Third Director of the LSE had been is any paltering to the Bolshevist creed; no acknowledged dependents of the State, Director, but long afterwards, as will be seen. Minister of Education in New Zealand, and was respect is to be looked for to the British name removed from free industry and maintained The appointment of both Caine and Adams, the regarded as an expert on the colonies among amongst the great subject peoples whom we adequately in public institutions, but with two succeeding Directors, can only be have to govern unless the heart of the Empire the Coefficients. He was an unabashed racist. A complete and permanent loss of all citizen understood by an examination of the nexus of typical passage of his book on New Zealand rights - including not only the franchise, but power wielded by Carr-Saunders, when he was remains absolutely faithful to what originally reads: inspired all its institutions and upon which they civil freedom and fatherhood. To those, still Director, in a non-LSE field — the post-war “The average colonist regards a Mongolian with rest”. 2 moreover, if any, who may be bom personally imperialist bureaucracy. repulsion, a Negro with contempt, and looks on This foaming rant was dedicated to stamping efficient, but in excess of the number for whom 7) SIDNEY CAINE an Australian black as very near to a wild beast; the country can provide, a clear choice will be out socialism and upholding imperialism. but he likes the Maori and treats them in many With the two most recent incumbents, Hewins makes clear what is his ‘inspiration’ in offered: loss of independence by entering a respects as his equals. . . [They are] the finest public institution, emigration, or immediate Caine and Adams, the character of the Dir­ this: race of savages the world has ever seen. ”3 ectors of the LSE undergoes a change. Hith­ “The right of private property has to be starvation.”15 The object of his special aversion were the erto, the Directors had always had some maintained at all costs, so that all men may at Beveridge carried on the tradition of vulgar Chinese: pretentions to conventional academic stat­ least have the possession of what is essential to anti-communism established by his predecessor, “The yellows, some 3, 500 Chinese, are a true telling students of LSE to be thankful that “we us; at the very least,, they had a few the fulfillment of the end for which he is in the alien element. They do not marry; they are not have not yet been driven, on the altar of any published works behind them, no matter world at all. The Bolshevist regime has shown met in social intercourse or industrial how vulgar. Of this, neither Caine nor- itself the sworn enemy of the institutions of the dictatorship of the proletariat, to sacrifice the partnership by any class of colonists. They Adams can boast. Their collected works family, of marriage, the dignity of womanhood soul to the body, liberty to order” 16 and made work part as gold-diggers, market-gardeners and ‘do not exist. This does not mean, how­ and the other great gifts which are bound up sure that the LSE was policed in the spirit of small shopkeepers, and are the same inscrutable, ‘liberty’ by expelling foreign students who ever, that it is impossible to decipher the with it”. 3 industrious and insanitary race of gamblers and questioned his rule of the School. It is fitting social meaning of their appointments to Hewins was crystal-clear about the political opium-smokers in New Zealand as elsewhere. choices before the world. The contest was that Beveridge should have been the spiritual office. Despised, disliked, dwindling, they are, by force patron of Harold Wilson, who worked as his between “a new Imperial policy and With the retreat of British imperialism in the of exclusion laws, bound soon to disappear. ”9 personal assistant for two years, and who has fifties and the increasing difficulty of publicly revolution” . 4 Hewins ended up in the arms of Pember-Reeves did not merely apply his paid him a gushing tribute. Joseph Chamberlain, consecrated as a expressing the racist views which had been so racism to foreigners. He set a significant natural to the founders of the School, it Conservative MP. precedent by theorizing class differences within 6) ALEXANDER CARR-SAUNDERS became necessary to alter course somewhat. 2) HALFORD MACKINDER white society as biologically determined. He Carr-Saunders, who succeeded Beveridge in (Even Carr-Saunders was piously to deplore the 1937 and ran the LSE for twenty years, When Hewins retired to devote himself particularly celebrated New Zealand society, 'racial myths he had helped to propogate. ) It dominating its destinies after the death of fulltime to political propaganda for the Tariff because it was, as he put it, “without that was now safer to substitute ideologues by Reform League, Webb chose his successor from hopeless thing, the hereditary pauper and Webb, had been a social science professor at bureaucrats, who often spoke less about exactly the same stable - the Coefficient Club. begetter of paupers. ”10 Liverpool. Trained as a biologist, he was a imperialism because they had practised it more. Mackinder, a geographer, was one of the most prolific writer on social and demographic 4) SIDNEY WEBB For the first time, a Director was recruited prominent colonial ideologists of his time. His subjects. His distinctive contribution to the straight from the Colonial Service. Caine was a racial vision was expressed in the following In 1919 Sidney Webb himself stepped into ideology of the LSE dynasty was his attempt to mediocre career functionary who had served provide its engrained racism with a way: the breach as Director of the LSE during a brief twenty years in the West Indies, Hong Kong, “We are trustees for the half-civilized interregnum. His previous three choices for the pseudo-biological basis. He was convinced that and other British possessions. He rose only to millions. . . As trustees we are bound to refuse post were quite consistent with his own views “Darwin’s work showed men that their own the rank of Deputy Under Secretary of State in to allow the Empire to be broken up by attack on the Empire and racial purity. Webb made no racial improvement was an end for which it was the Colonial Office. Why was he in particular either from without or from within, but as secret of his admiration for Karl Pearson, a possible to work. ”12 A member of the British chosen? The question is easily answered. His Trustees we are also bound to do everything in poisonous advocate of race-selection, Webb, Eugenics Society, he wrote the standard book" merits were irrelevant: he formed, however, our power to make our race worthy of its. moreover, was candidly anti-semitic and on the topic, Eugenics. The Sixth Director of part of the Carr-Saunder’s personal patronage The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 7 network. following a report of his commission, a Colonial FABIANS AND COEFFICIENTS which, in other contexts, belonged to imperialism, big Carr-Saunders was a founder member of the University was set up: the commission, it business, government administration and the political powerful Inter-University Council for Higher should be noted, recommended racially right”2 Education in the Colonies, set up in 1945. segregated hostels for students from the start. It is still widely believed that the Fabian society, The manner in which Webb set up the School confirms From 1946-51 he was Vice-Chairman of it; In Carr-Saunders’s inimitable phrase, it urged whose most prominent representative, Sidney Webb, this analysis in a most striking way. He chose neither from 1951-56 he was Chairman; from 1956 the College “to offer seperate residential founded the School, was a group of reformers - an academic luminary, nor a member of the nominal onwards again Vice-Chairman. In the course of accommodation for Europeans and philistine perhaps, but well-meaning and progressive in ‘left’, to act as Director. Not only the first, but the his duties, he travelled to Malaya and wrote the non-Europeans. Had it not done so there might outlook. second and third, Directors were drawn from a dining Charter for the future University of Malaya, a have been few European applications”. 27 In fact, the standard academic essay on the Fabians club known as the ‘Coefficients’. The club had been typical colonial insitution of the period. Two Once again, as with the University of describes their class position as follows: started by Sidney and Beatrice to promote the causes years later, the University was launched. Then Malaya, Carr-Saunders was able to parachute “By origin they sprang chiefly from the capitalist of Empire and National Efficiency; it consisted of the in 1952, a new Vice-Chancellor arrived — none into the new job one of his own creatures: the class... [They were] the new salaried professional, military, business, and political leaders of the ruling other than Sidney Caine. Having designed the Secretary of the Inter-University Council, none administrative, technological cadres of class. It included men like Sir Edward Grey, Lord University, Carr-Saunders had no difficulty other than Walter Adams himself. Adams post-laissez-faire capitalism”.! Their outlook was Milner, and L. S.Amery, and its aim, in the words of dropping a member of his entourage into it. became Principal of the University College of consistent with their social recruitment. The Society’s Bernard Semmel’s classic account, was to become “the Five years later, when he retired at the LSE, Rhodesia and Nyasaland from its inception. affiliations, this author continues, “were with theories brains-trust of a new social-imperial political party”. Carr-Saunders was then able to steer his Then, exactly as his predecessor before him, he placeman smoothly into the seat now vacated. was appointed to be the new Director of the FOOTNOTES Caine came home from Malaya and became LSE in the summer of 1966 and brought home Director of the LSE in 1957. He had no for the job. Subsitute Rhodesia for Malaya, and intellectual qualifications for the job. His the symmetry between his ascent and that of 1. Apologia of an Imperialist, p. 29. 19. Eugenics, p 251. subsequent prouncements revealed him to be an Caine is complete. 2. On Thinking Imperially, pp 41-42. 20. The Biological Basis o f Human Nature, p 20. apologist for capitalism and imperialism of Adams had, however, two distinctive 3. Empire Restored, p. 126 21. Eugenics, p 140. 22. Eugenics, p 141. singularly stony variety. While in Singapore, he elements in his recent career. Firstly he spent 4. ibid, p 102. unfolded this broad philosophic vision to his the war doing propaganda work. At the 5. On Thinking Imperially, p. 42. 23. Problems of the Malayan Economy, Ed. Asian audience: re-initiation of the cold war in 1945 Adams 6. Address on the Occasion of the Opening of Lim Tay Boh, p. 44. “If private enterprise is to be attracted and kept held' the important and revealing post of the Class for Administrative Training of Army 24. Overseas Investment or Economic Nat­ here, it wants above all, the assurance of the Assistant Deputy Director-General of Political Officers, pp 2-3. ionalism? IEA Pamphlet, p. 16. of order, the just enforcement of preservation Intelligence at the Foreign Office. This 7. An Epic of Clare Market. law and the stability of money. Law and order 25. ibid, p. 17. grandiloquent title means, in simple language, 8. The Long White Cloud, p. 62. and the provision of sound money are to the that Adams was an espionage and police 26. The Price of Blood, M. Cooper and A. economist, as they are to the mass of citizens, 9. New Zealand, p. 171. Culyer, p. 25. functionary. Nothing more is known at present 10. ibid, p . 175 the first and most essential functions of about this shadowy episode in his career, but it 27. New UNiversities Overseas, p. 90 11. The Decline of the Birth Rate. Fabian 28.. ‘Is Dr Adams Still Aloof?’, Sunday Times, government. . . They must never be forgotten. is clear what its relevance may have been to his Tract No. 131, p. 17. Security is the firm basis which enterprise and January 26, 1969. present outlook and methods of operation 12. ibid, p. 19. capital need to build upon. ”23 29. ibid. within university precincts. 13. ‘Lord Rosebery’s Escape from Houndsditch’, The straightforward equation of the desires Secondly, of course, Adams was Principal of 30. LSE’s New Director - A Report on Walter of ‘private enterprise’ with both the principles Nineteenth Century and After, September Adams, pp. 3-7. Salisbury College during the stormy years of 1901. pp. 375-385, of academic economics (university) and the 1956-67, which saw the end of the Central 31. Sunday Times, loc. cit. needs of every citizen (society) is too obvious 14. Power and Influence, p 68. 32. An Assault on Academic Freedom: The African Federation and the awakening of 15. Sociological Papers Volume I, pp 326-327. to dwell upon. African political consciousness to the 16. Power and Influence p 379. Arrest of Nine Lecturers at the University Coll Later, in London, Caine emerged as one of permanent servitude of the white-settler regime 17. Eugenics, p 26. ege of Rhodesia. Louis Blom-Cooper, for the spokesmen for the far-right Institute of in Rhodesia. Carr-Saunders, as has been seen, 18. Eugenics, pp 108 and 120. Amnesty International p 3. Economic Affairs (IEA), a private enterprise was a vocal spokesman for white racism in lobby so extreme in its views that its director, England. It was he who had secured Adams his This article was researched and written by an Ralph Harris, seems actually to have left the job. It is not altogether surprising, therefore, Conservative Party. The Institute is patronised RSSF base at the London School of that Adams in Salisbury continued to have the Economics. by Robbins, Bauer, Yamey, Paish, and Wiseman closed possible relationship with him. In the - the hardcore right of the LSE Economics revealing words of a sober study by the Sunday Department. Caine is now a trustee of the IEA Times, “In 1938 he worked closely with Sir and recently addressed a gala dinner given by Alexander Carr-Saunders, the school’s austere Are You Getting your Art and Revolution the Institute, on the theme of “Overseas Director and one of the greatest influences on John Berger Investment or Economic Nationalism? ”. Adams’s post-war career. Some people feel that Share... The author o f Success and Failure of Picasso Deploring the “depressing” intellectual climate discusses th e w o rk o f Ernst Neizvestny the in which the state was given priority over Adams has modelled himself on his old chief. of Penguin Books? Soviet sculptor, and th e ro le of the artist in the The name Carr-Saunders rings like a muffled USSR in the s tru g g le to e m a n c ip a te the visual private enterprise, he declared: “I do not arts. (Hardcover W eidenfeld and Nicolson believe it a good thing to diminish the relative bell through the corridors of colonial Penguin publish 4 2 new books this month 30s) 95 Illustrations O riginal 12s role of private enterprise in the task of universities. ”28 Not so muffled that the Here are just four of them development. ”24 Caine ended by publicly African students at Salisbury were unable to expressing the hope that more teachers in the tell what tune it was playing, however. The Sunday Times goes on to inform us that Adams Günter Grass universities “will learn to follow where the Dog Years Institute of Economic Affairs leads”. 25 in Rhodesia was always “sustained, by the knowledge that Carr-Saunders thought he was Student P o w e r: P rob lem s, Forty years of tw entie th -ce ntury German Where in fact does the Institute lead? Their history observed th ro u g h a massive fable doing the right thing. ”2? Diagnosis, A ctio n about men and dogs. M ad, Gothic... publications recommend wholesale dismantling Alexander C o c k b u rn a n d R o b in Blackburn of the Welfare services, and a stiff dose of What was the “right thing” seen through the and bitterly fu n n y . . , S u n d a y Times 10s perspective represented by Carr-Saunders? The Dramatic and tim ely, this Penguin Special unemployment. A recent example of the sort of LOOKS at all a s p e c ts o f th e s tu d e n ts revolt ‘lead’ which Caine recommends the LSE blunt answer is — collusion with the brutal their grievances, o u tlin e s th e ir aims, and, racist oppression of the Welensky and Smith examines p o ssib le s tra te g y fo r the future. students to follow is given in the Institute’s Original 7s pamphlet The Price o f Blood. It urges a free regimes. Adams implicity practised the market in blood. It argues that “if hospitals doctrines that Carr-Saunders had explicitly Norman M ailer were privately owned wealth-maximising preached. He blocked an African appointment Miami and the Siege of institutions, the ultimate incidence of cost of to the university staff, connived with Chicago government censors in the banning of a paper Protesters gassed, trampled, andhurled from the services received [would fall] on the patient the pavements - blandcynicism qua patient-consumer rather than the patient written by lecturerers there, and called the Rhodesian dictatorship’s police onto the and naked power - theessence Why not send for a fu ll list qua taxpayer. In these circumstances, of the party machine - thatthe scene conjured up Penguin in print to campus when African students were impudent depending on the degree of local monopoly by 'the bestjournalist in America' - the white heat Penguin B o o k s Ltd, power, high cost hospitals which used up too enough to petition to see him. 30 As the Sunday of the Presidential ConventionsAmerica'68, 6s Dept CP19, Times delicately phrases it: “The charges that Harmondsworth, much blood would tend to lose ‘trade’ to Middlesex. hospitals which used the ‘right’ amount of he tended to hedge in crises over questions of 1969 catalogue available blood as reflected in the fees charged to racial prejudice are substantially true. ”31 The social atmosphere of his administration at soon. Send for free copy patients for the same quality service. "26 Pamphlets from the works Mackinder had argued that the army be Salisbury is evoked by Amnesty International, in a report which saw fit to comment on of Mao Tse-tung now regarded as a business;5 it was left to his avaiable in most languages. latter-day descendants at the IEA to argue that incidents such as these: “Mrs Adams was heard to observe that the Africans and their Recordings of Chinese blood should become a commercial concern. music. Folk. Instrumental. A final comment. The audience at the supporters had behaved like pigs and should be left to wallow in their dirt. No sympathy Traditional. Modern banquet where Caine delivered his tribute to Revolutionary Music. the creative initiatives of the Institute included should be spared on these students. This representatives from the following intellectual attitude, one was assured, was characteristic of Our ‘CHE’ poster, 16" x bodies: Esso, General Electric, ICI, Viyella, the Principal’s wife”. 32 21 ", Only 3 / - post free. London Merchant Securities, CBI, News of the At no time throughout his tenure as 20% discount on 20 or World, Martins Bank, Unilever, ABC Television, Principal, which extended both before and after more posters. Cash with Baring Brothers, Rio Tinto Zinc, Shell, Morgan UDI, did Adams ever express any opposition to order. Grenfell, Thomson Organization, Courtaulds, the Rhodesian regime. To grasp the moral Bai-Ley IPC, Mobil Oil, Tate and Lyle, English Electric, significance of this passive complicity, it must CHINA CULTURAL CO LTD Fisons, United Dominions Trust, Rolls Royce, be compared with the active, witch-hunting 54 Mill Road, Cambridge British-American Tobacco, Rothschilds, Tube repression conducted by Adams against Investments, Procter and Gamble, Beaverbrook students and junior staff at the LSE. Serenely Newspapers, Great Universal Stores, Ferranti silent for eleven years under one of the most and J. Walter Thompson. Such is the world of hateful dictatorships in the world, he has been Sir Sidney Caine. angrily voluble with press-conferences, public statements, circular letters and threats when 8) WALTER ADAMS confronted by democratic demands in London. The appointment of Walter Adams to Adams’s bland immobility in Rhodesia is the succeed Caine in 1967, it will be remembered, logical complement of his agitated violence and was the event which finally triggered student authoritarianism in England. He is at home with unrest at the LSE. At the time, however, the racism; it is equality that is alien to him. precise mechanism of Adam’s elevation For seventy-five years, the LSE has been remained obscure. It now becomes plain how ruled, first by the dynasty established by Webb and why he got his present job. and then by the Carr-Saunders clique. Far from Intellectually, Adams is a washed-out version being a non-political institution, the record of the pallid Caine. His only visible publication proves beyond any shadow of doubt that the as an academic numbers a few pages. His Directors of the LSE have always been up to qualifications for the Directorship were not their necks in politics - the politics of empire these derisory items. His rise to power followed and race. This reeking history is that of which quite another channel. During Carr-Saunders’ Adams and Robbins now tell the LSE students reign at the LSE in the thirties, Adams was “they are proud”. There could be no better Secretary of the LSE under him. After the war, comment on them. The “neutrality” of the Carr-Saunders, as Vice-Chairman of the LSE is a groteque charade. It is time that it was Inter-University Council for Higher Education ended. The struggle at the LSE will only be in the Colonies, made another of his trips to the won when the School is freed from top to colonies to set up a local university. This time bottom of the trinity of capitalism, racism and he went to Central Africa. Once again, imperialism - and the men who represent it. The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 8 BRAZIL THE CORPORATIONS AT WORK

On February 23, an extensive and impressive with local military authorities and landlords, institutions; gifts of smallpox-infected clothes co-existence’, point out to the Amazonian article by Norman Lewis covered the centre without paying any duties or taxes. or sugar mixed with arsenic. Where ‘charity’ Jungle’s formidable capacity for the absorption pages of the Sunday Times magazine. It Among those materials were minerals such as failed, more direct methods of extermination, of radioactivity. They already have visions of presented a realistic and shocking account of thorium and uranium from Amapa, monazitic like bombing with napalm, blowing up villages the whole staff of the Pentagon, the top CIA the sufferings, exploitation, and massacre of the sands from Ceara and gold from Alto Tapajoz with dynamite or machine-gun blasts over the and, if need be, the President of the US one, million Brazilian Indians over the past that had no other customers than US river banks were employed. Because it was hard directing a total war on Communism from their hundred years; an account which deserves to be Government agencies. to get Cintas Largas Indians scattered over the new safe, H-bomb proof Amazonian read. For a long time, these extremely serious forests, anthropologists (respectable academics headquarters. Our concern is not to correct or contest disclosures made by Mr. Verose were from well-known universities) gave a hint to the what Mr Lewis has said, but to indicate what he suppressed and minimized by the military upper Eaches of the Aripuana. So, the ‘bandits’ singularly and unpardonably omits to point dictatorship (established by the CIA-backed quickly got hold of aeroplanes and bombed the out: the deep and ummistakeable involvement right-wing in April ’64). It is significant that it tribes to death. The last survivors were later of American interests in the evils perpetrated in was Castello Branco’s government which, in machine-gunned by a land expedition during the Amazonian region. early 1965 passed a law which only today is the next Quarup day. There is a painful and Mr Lewis makes it clear that, during the being understood in its full significance: instead remarkable coincidence between this brutal colonial period, Spain and Portugal became of the rigid control over the direct transfer of crime and the fate of the Basque village of ‘parasitic nations who could no longer feed dividends and profits from Brazil to the United Guernica in 1936. The same press which was so themselves’, and gives a graphic account of the States, a tax exemption was allowed for all fanatical in stressing the German character of criminal dealings of the British-owned Amazon surplus profits allocated for re-investment in fascism to cover its true reactionary Company, which, around the turn of the industry the purchase o f land-estates in Brazil. -exploitative nature, is now silent. 90, 000 century, employed slave labour, imposed on its By now, it is agreed that this was part of the Indians have been killed during the past few workers penalties ranging from the cutting off reward the Castello Branco military clique had years, but Mr.Lewis would wish us to believe of ears to the death sentence itself, and was to pay for the help received from the US State that, ‘of the present excellent intentions of the directly responsible for the death of 30, 000 Department and the CIA during the coup d’etat Brazilian government there can be no doubt’ natives in the Amazon’s upper basin. of 1964. What are the real intentions of the But how does he explain the evils which are A great part of the land which so interested governments concerned? committed today? In the century of Auschwitz ‘Wall Street’ corporations was granted, by the The American Green Berets are already and Lidice, in the decade of the Vietnam war, old Brazilian Constitution, to the Indian Tribes installed in a base in the north of Brazil, near he resigns himself to statements such as ‘There and missionary settlements all over the Natal, for ‘, missile-training’. All over the This view is, for the time being, only is something remote and shadowy about Amazonian Forest and further south into the Amazonian region huge air-fields are being built horror on so vast a scale’; or blurts out the State of Mato Gross. The way to buy off this by the ‘smugglers’ where transport-aeroplanes defended by a tiny minority of ‘Utopians’ — question, unanswered, ‘Why all this pointless area cheaply was to prove that there were no take their daily load of strategic materials. and, even by them, it is seen just as a last resort, cruelty?’ more Indians left there, without hinting Fantastic plans about the future of Amazonia an escape-valve for the world’s power-elite. There are answers easy to find. Had Mr however at the vast reserves of raw materials have been publicized. Among these is the plan One thing is, however, absolutely clear: from a few strategically localized bases in Amazonia, Lewis checked more closely the records of land the buyer’s expedition had previously of the ‘Great Amazonian Lake’, a fabulous new speculation, of the appropriation of Indian discovered. The land-grabbers could easily hire frontier for American big business. Under their the US could easily hit the guerrilla movements reserves, and of obscure market dealings over all sorts of adventurers and corrupt army auspices the New Promised Land would be in Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and — the last few years in Brazil, he would have personnel, as well as exploit the long-standing ‘internationalized’ and, at least once, there have eventually — in Paraguay and Brazil itself. Air-borne troops could easily reach in a couple noticed the increasingly vast estates owned by hate of the Landlords for the Indian tribes, to been suggestions to re-settle Vietnamese of hours places like Caracas, Bogota, Lima, the United Fruit Company, the avidity of Mr. hasten the extermination of the native refugees (from US napalm bombing) in this new John Rockefeller during the partition of the inhabitants. ‘homeland’, offering them employment and LaPaz, Recife and even Rio de Janerio. It has cake, and the vast amount of strategic metals living conditions far above ‘the Asian standard’. been suggested by Brazilian military officials and raw materials smuggled out of Amazonia to Like the old Roman Emperors, Washington’s that the already existing‘clandestine' reserves of places such as US Air Bases in the Panama Third World experts are dreaming of organizing smuggler air-fields would permit the Americans Canal Zone. large-scale population ‘re-settlements’ towards to rush in thousands of troops from the Panama In April 1968, in a pathetic speech which the safer and still unexploited corners of their Canal Zone in case of an emergency. later cost him his seat in the empire. The ‘loss of Asia’ seems already a Official figures already account Government-appointed Parliament, Deputy gloomy and inevitable event to some of the for ninety thousand deaths Haroldo Verose pointed out to the Brazilian devisors of ‘special warfare’ and ‘pacification among the Indians. Unofficial public that during the years of the big land-rush programmes’. To minimize their frustration, estimates suggest that two 1965-68, one eighth of Brazilian territory had they talk about a ‘perfect marriage, which hundred thousand may have been bought by ‘Foreign Interests’ at absurdly could take place between the Asian labour perished. This, however, for low prices... one-third of the huge state of surplus and the wasted, empty spaces of South the world’s press, is just an Bahia was already directly owned by US America. This, believe the most bold proposers accident, having no real companies. He also estimated (through of the Amazonian adventure, could suffocate explanation - and a stem warn­ information given to him by Brazilian air-force the National Liberation Movements, in the ing to those who stand in the officers) that raw materials worth 4 times the Any means are justified which fulfil the Third World for a long, long period ‘for at least way of world pacification, or Brazilian national budget (including heavy civilising mission of Uncle Sam: large-scale mass a century’. are obstacles to the civilising ‘anti-guerrilla’ military expenditures) of 1966 vaccinations of infectious diseases during These are the plans of the more ‘realistic of mission of US capital. had simply been extracted and taken out of the “medical help” operations under the cover of the American planners; there are others, country by American smugglers in collusion the Peace Corps and other philanthropic however, who, rejecting the ‘myth of peaceful The Shilling Paper, Cambridge. EAST PAKISTAN extent of worker participation in the discredited system, by March 3rd. Any political Today the reactionary attempt to transfer the manipulated by a West Pakistani dominated settlement must take them into account. All struggle from the street to the conference table central bureaucracy. movement. This demonstrates an element of spontaneity this could only have been achieved because of is an attempt to contain the radicalisation There is virtually no East representation in the the alliance with working class elements in the process which progresses with every day of the armed forces; the much smaller contingent of founded on the much more powerful grievances of this class which has given the resistance a streets who gave them the courage, stamina, uprising. In this it seeks to exploit the forces garrisoned in the East are largely West and strength to withstand a show of force contradications between the more militant East Pakinistani remnants, being Hindu, tended to popular character and still leaves it largely outside control of established opposition which should have long since driven them back wing leaders like Shaik Mujeeb-ur-Rahman the migrate to India. Thus an East Pakistani ruling to their campuses. This newly forged alliance parties, who have tended to take inspiration leader of the Awami League, and the scions of class does not exist in. the conventional sense has not only trasformed the nature and since no indigenous social group has. a from the street rather than vice versa. the West wing ruling classes who in the absence dimension of the struggle in East Pakistan but of Bhutto, dominate the delegation from the significant property stake to defend or even In this institutional vacuum the East wing has infected the established leadership. The West wing parties. If the President gets a new exercises effective political power. The students have been playing a pivotal role. They more perspicacious of them have adopted, the lease on life as a result of this division (or middle-class dominated forces of Bengali have not only acted as a catalyst to the uprising demands of the students or will use it to extract leaders from the East are inclined to nationalism who want to re-locate political but in contrast to their counterparts in the West concessions at the conference called, by compromise their demands to avoid this power away from the West Pakistani centre to have provided the organisational framework President Ayub. possibility or even the threat of direct military the province are thus potentially a more radical which the opposition parties have been so Rehman Sobhan intervention, ) the situation in the East wing element than their counterparts in the west deficient in supplying. could become much more serious than it is. wing. It is largely this force which has The students have been able to play this key role because right from the outset of the There is very real power out on those streets. It dominated East wing politics and which ACKNOWLEDGMENTS may lack the organised political direction to initially animated the present uprising at its movement last December they have been achieve a full scale revolution but it can earlier stages. directed by a single Students Action Committee certainly threaten any settlement reached over But this time the middle-class students whose writ covers the whole province. They For information on racism in Britain their heads. spear-heading the movement, as in the West, have organised themselves around an 11-point today: Trevor Pateman, Vinay Chand, have demonstrated a staying power in the face charter of demands which in the present Paul Foot (whose biography of Enoch It has become increasingly clear that radically context is more radical and sophisticated than Powell will shortly appear) and V. S. different influences are at work in East as of unprecedented repression. They have kept the agitation going long enough to transform it any thing produced by the normal parties. This Anand (who is working on the history of opposed to West Pakistan. Without an has given a coherence and direction to their racial prejudice in Britain). understanding of what these differences are it is from an essentially middle-class phenomenon into a full scale urban uprising, growing more efforts which has made it possible for them to For information on factory occupations, difficult to make sense of the turmoil currently radical and militant with every additional activate a much wider segment of society than printed in the last issue of the Dwarff shaking the fifth largest country in the world. martyr to military terror. In this process the is normally inclined to follow the students into the editors of the following journals: Because of the colonial nature of the urban poor and the more organised and the streets. Socialist Worker, Militant, Socialist relationship between East and West Pakistan, politicised factory workers have not only joined Their agitation has now continued without Leader, Morning Star. accentuated under the present regime, political demonstrations and strikes but injected a class respite for three months. It has transcended the A complete and exhaustive account of power has been concentrated in the hands of character into the upheaval by attacking capacities of the conventional police forces, ‘The Scottish Insurrection of 1820 will the West Pakistani ruling classes. Economic factories and other symbols of bourgeois life. survived large-scale military intervention, made be published under that title by P. exploitation of the region by capitalists from Whilst some credit must be given to left-wing supporters of the regime fugitives from public Berresford Ellis and Seumas Mac the West Wing has kept the local capitalist class political workers who had infiltrated the life and has brought the movement to a point A’Ghobhainn next year. in its infancy. East Pakistani bureaucrats are working-class movement, their limited where they can demand the resignation of all allies of regional nationalism for they are the local councillors and M. P.s under the first victims of a power structure that is incidence makes it difficult to explain the The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 9 ANDREW SALKEY A STATEMENT TO THE BLACK COMMUNITY

The three black communities of Africans, bear in mind that whatever is said to the Asians, and West Indians — in positive, concrete contrary, Powell is being strategically assisted, terms, one black community — have been patted into shape and promoted by the isolated and deliberately marked for continuing established power order and its sneaking attack by the overwhelming majority of a policies: in other words, the Labour traditionally racist British society. We have government is the real, identifiable enemy of RUSKIN COLLEGE been singled out, identified and driven into a our community. position of public humiliation, social and We should remember that the Labour political sacrifice, and obvious physical danger government is the very same cynical band, the (there’s a growing list of assaults, grievous very same hypocritical clique, which continues bodily harm, -and murder, in London and the to seek to liquidate the energy and will of the STRIKE provinces. ) trades unions (our workers will testify to that My statement to our community has little to do piece of slaughter); we must remember that the Nearly sixty years ago the students of Ruskin important were essays by the German marxist with the social and cultural crisis in our lives in very same band of British socialists is College, Oxford, went on strike. They wished Josef Dieten. this country; it has much more to do with a perpetuating all the capitalistic strangleholds in brazen political reality: a fascist, racist reality: to control that which they were taught. They ‘We had dabbled in thedialectical philosophy of its domestic economics and in its foreign one in which our community is isolated and at wanted marxist economics and sociology, policy; and it must be clear that the present Josef Dieten, in Bergson’s philosphy and the dead centre of the focus of that crushing government, which is nothing else but Powell’s rather than lessons in temperance and thrift. Sorel’s application of Bergson to Syndicalism, reality. government in practice, in power and hardly in And their strike had wider implications. How and the deification of intuition of intuition as We must, no longer, clutch on to the false and opposition, is a government which is hell-bent did Ruskin College and the working class opposed to reason, Neitzche, Bernard Shaw, deluding definitions of Enoch Powell’s on keeping alive the twin cancer of class students who were sent there by their trade Ibsen, Hauptmann and Stringdberg added their intentions, which some of our very own antagonism and racism. unions relate to an institution like Oxford weight to our intellectual challenge to all existing workers, students, and others have borrowed If we do know where we are in this mess of University? What was the political importance social standards & conventionalities. We read fev­ from the irresponsible analysis of liberals wilful contradictions and in this native British for the labour movement of a place like erishly, discussed fiercely and walked the streets outside. Our community is alarmingly isolated. tissue of lies, we should know, too, that we Ruskin? often after midnight in an effort to sort out for It is abjectly alone. It is cruelly encircled by vast belong together, now, more than we have ever forces of hostility, racial hatred, and panic. It is been as a community. ourselves the problem of man and the uni­ being constantly harrassed. It is under attack. We will have to sink our sectional political Noah Ablett, a young miner from the Rhondda, verse. We experimented psychologically on We must learn to forget the easy intellectual differences; we will have to scrap our several spoke for the strikers when he stated: everything and everybody and eagerly watched reasons given, all around us, for the diseased ‘back-home’ provincial interests; we will have to “The University is what it is, not so much for the results. Not surprisingly a strictly appearance of Powell on the British political dismantle the cheap cult of personality and because of its constitution and the dons, as utilitarian education, designed to turn out neat scene. Let me recite a mere handful of these personal profit within our community; we will because of the division of society into classes. products for the labour market and fit them sitting-room reasons which we’re being asked to have to come out of ourselves, out of our The governing classes require such a place, and tidily into a slot within capitalism was regarded swallow whole - asked not only by the smiling fragmented groupings, out of our pathetically as long as they maintain their economic status with utter contempt. They hated its exponents of the British liberal tradition but selfish concerns for individual advance, and so long will the University cater for them. narrowness. George- Chew a Rochdale socialist also by the enlightened comedians among our take up a radical community political position Clearly then the capture of Ruskin College by in the late 1890’s complained that technical own membership, in the High Commissions, in in a dynamic unity; we will have to look, again, the undergraduate and graduate population and the University will be its absorption. Ruskin schools were designed simply to improve at Asia, Africa, Latin America and the West in the floating minority of visitors from the Indies more politically intelligently; and we College is in a critical state. If it is absorbed by Englands position in the world’s markets, not West Indies in London. the University its interest to the working class to develop the students understanding of the must take it for granted that when we look at One such reason is this: that Powell represents Powell we see Wilson and the will of the British will be nil”. ‘composition of things’ or how ‘we are the nostalgia o f the British people for Empire! people, and when we look at ourselves we see a ourselves constituted’. They criticised it too for Such a notion will only lull our community revolutionary force which they will have to The little group of Ruskin students who packed the assumption that whatever was must be. into a deep political sleep. reckon with, rather than with a mish-mash of their bags and went off to create their own They wanted instead an education which would Another: that Powell and contemporary Britain men and women scurrying away, selfishly, into labour college were not the first to start by create and direct discontent and ultimately are in search o f a symbol, Powellism, o f the hiding, or running after a wage packet, or after talking about education and end up clashing transform society. Indeed the danger was the revitalization o f a former grandeur! That is a doubtful University degree. with the power structure. Right through the faith that revolution would come through the simply not so, and we must not accept it. It is The prospect is disheartening. Our community nineteenth century the question of who was conscious will of the enlightened, a danger an elegant lie, and one that utterly conceals the is not strong enough at the moment. The essential nastiness of the real disease. controlling, who was defining, focussed or pressures, abuse and inflictions are more than Morris warned against. Socialists looked to the The new racism is a gathering rebellion against education. And from the labour movement educational apocalypse From Todmorden in enough to cause us to come together as a us, our community, our home countries, their revolutionary whole. We desperately need one there emerged a more generous interpretation 1895, a revolutionary trumpeted: representatives, and the manumitted of its content — more generous, that is, than another. We are isolated. We are tragic targets in neo-colonials at the metropolitan centre! Near an overtly racist society. We owe ourselves a the image of the self-educated worker “Wait till we get an educated proletariat class. enough to the truth of the situation; but even vigorous, political revolutionary community. book-learning himself to the highest social Wait until the people realise that the land has then, it is the sort of soft-edged statement We cannot, any longer, afford the waste and rungs peddled by the middle class improvers. been stolen from them, that all capital is but which we must examine closely and pepper nihilism of fragmentation. We belong together The political struggle found expression in the product of past generations and which with our own community political in our state of terrifying isloation and despair. conflict over the methods, purpose, and being held by a class is used for the purpose of self-interestedness. Then, there’s another slice of the truth: Powell Powell and Wilson have got together. What are content of education; its slogan was exploiting the present generation of workers’! we waiting for? and the British are fighting to maintain the KNOWLEDGE TO THE PEOPLE. idea and practice o f Anglo-Saxon privilege and Workers created their own forms of education. There was the question of content too. From racial pride, through a veiled programme o f Instead of lectures, they organised talks the labour movement came a redefined political racist contempt for the black people in British Jamaican novelist and writer o f short stories followed by discussion or debate, and classes economy which exploded the pseudo­ society and throughout the world! This we essays, and radio plays. His works include which people learned from one another. While objectivity of the classical economists. Thomas must take absolutely seriously. And when we A quality of violence (1959); Escape to an the purpose differed, the structure was very Hodgskin’s Labour Defended against the Claims are thinking about it and opening it up to our Autumn Pavement (I960); Hurricane (1964); much the same, from radical meetings and o f Capital was part of an important heterodox own community-interpretation, let us, also, Earthquake (1965) Drought (1966). methodist classes to penny readings and tradition, so was Robert Owen and so was Karl Chartist harmonic evenings. Quite frequently Marx. There was another history too which they turned into theatricals or burst out into made it its business to investigate the life of the m usic. W orkshops were mysteriously people, which extended far beyond the the castle for a season to be later let out to tools by which they could cast it off, when the transformed into ‘Halls of Science’. Secularists confines of crown and cabinet, which looked guard the gate against people with sinister dominated took hold of their own definitions; and socialists took up this tradition. In 1875 back to an older dissenting tradition and agreed motives’. you were striking at the heart of the vicious secularists in Walsall Penny Reading Room were with the London workman who declared in a and distorting system called capitalism. The holding ‘readings & conversations’ which were radical club in the 1880s ‘Kings in a lump is One response to intellectual colonisation was a owners of capital and the benefitters of this ‘both entertaining & instructive’. An odd bad’. defensive withdrawal. the assertion of working system would accordingly do everything in jumble of readings they were too, from Robert their power to destroy this kind of education classness, ’ of the common sense of all good Owen’s ‘Revolution in Mind & Practice’, ‘The Militants were aware that the structure and because it would lead people to a vision of men & true. Plebs never made this mistake. It Political Examiner’, Howitt’s Journal’ ‘Book of. content of education were crucial factors in the society in which there was no place for them. the Bastilles’, ‘The Black Dwarf, ‘Temperance’ rule of the dominant class. An editorial in the was recognised that the revolutionary needed more than honesty and innocence. ‘Teetotallers Companion’ ‘Chartist Tracts’ & Ruskin strikers paper Plebs pointed this out. ‘The man who pays the piper calls the tune’ ‘Lancet’ while they prepared to celebrate J.A. Hobson warned the members of the Gas Paine’s birthday. A quarter of a century later ‘The most formidable weapon that the ruling ‘To know that we want something is not in itself sufficient. We must know what we want Workers & General Labourer Union in 1908 the marxist economics classes in Glasgow took class can wield for the perpetuation of their and went on to describe how. a similar shape. In his autobiography dominion & power is that of identification with and what is more important still, how we are to ‘Pioneering Days’ Thomas Bell describes how the ruler.... The working class must receive a get it, in other words we must first understand before we can transform. ’ ‘They will have history taught, economics they tussled through ‘Wage, Labour & Capital’ ‘liberal’ and ‘humane’ education ‘in order that taught, politics taught in support of the class together. they may be good citizens and play a who find the money to keep these schools & It was necessary to know something else to o . reasonable part in the affairs of the world’ collèges going’. ‘Safe’ men & women will be set When you said each man and woman mattered Not simply through the form of their own which is simply a revised and up to rendering to teach ‘safe’ subjects with ‘safe’ equally and that they should be educated in a education but by a theoretical interest in the of, ‘The poor man at his gate’ ‘The rich man in textbooks. . . sociology built up. . . for the way which ensured the fullest development of learning process, the more conscious worker his castle’. support of the privileged classes. . ’ students searched for an alternative to the each; when none were first and none were last- authoritarianism of the ‘superior’ educators. Only in this case some of the poor men, who when the humiliated became conscious and The prophecy is remarkably appropriate. There was of course Owen and Godwin. WW have a desire for education in keeping with grew proud, when the oppressed understood The conflicts remarkably relevant. Craik one of the Ruskin strikers describes how ‘sweet reasonableness’ are to be received into the nature of their oppresion and found the Our struggle the same. Sheila Rowbotham The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 10

ELDRIDGE BLACK CLEAVER RAGE REPRESSION William H. Grier & SOUL ON ICE Price M . Cobbs From their professional exper­ iences, two black psychiatrists The week ending March 1 saw a great spate of ‘A remarkable book by the Black Panther’s attack on a demonstration outside Rhodesia reveal the inner conflicts and trails and arrests. The Nixon demonstration saw Minister of Information... beautifully writ­ House on January 12th. desperation of the black man’s ten, completely controlled’ the times a half-dozen comrades imprisoned or fined. Davoren was standing chatting with his wife life in America today. John Good, a computer engineer, for instance, some time after the main action had dispersed. received a two- month sentence for having a ‘Powerful, angry, subtle, arrogant, it is also March 20, 35s He was suddenly pounced upon by three alive with insight into the relation of the three-inch screw-driver clipped in his pocket. plainclothes men receiving severe lacerations Nine nationalists were arrested in four counties black to the white American as well as to around the face and head and bad braising on the social and economic system which has of Wales, and held on charges which amount to the body. Later he was taken from Westminster preventive arrest. Antonia Soares received two locked them together’ new society GUEVARA’S Hospital and charged with assaulting two police Bolivian Diary years for passing round leaflets inciting to officers He has taken out summonses against ‘Brilliantly intelligent and uncomfortably riot; and Paul Foster was tried for contru cting With an Introduction by Fidel five policemen. More than twenty independent original’ new statesman a device to jam police radios during eyewitnesses have come forward to make Castro. Translated by Carlos P. demonstrations. statements supporting his case. ‘Cleaver writes seeringly beautiful prose. Hansen and Andrew Sinclair. Roughly 15 men jailed in a week: 15 political Since his arrest he has become a kind of legal A very good book... on occasions it catches Paperback 10s 6d, cloth 25s prisoners. A Dwarf statistician suggests, shuttlecock: three times remanded in custody fire and is a great one’ tribune Cape/Lorrimer therefore, that about 750 people are jailed in and three times released on bail after appeal to Full text in hardback 35s Britain each year for political offences. a higher court. We rang up the Home Office to check on this Selected essays in paperback 10s 6d JONATHAN CAPE total. His trial will come up at the Old Bailey later this year. A number of comrades have already “There are no figures for political offences gone to prison and paid heavy fines for charges since they are criminal offences. I can give you arising from this demonstration. The Black the criminal statistics, but they would be for Dwarf will be following this and other cases such offences as assaulting a police officer or carefully. possessing a firearm without a certificate”. U. S. OUT OF VIETNAM NOW! Are other governments more honest, we wondered? We rang the Czech Embassy to find out how many political prisoners its They re rebuilding the War Museum, but VICTORY TO THE N.L. F! government held. there’ll always be a question mark hanging over “There are none. I have no statistics. There are it. I have won! ” no reasons why there should be political Tim Daly has been in Wormwood Scrubs over a prisoners... several cases of espionage or month now, neither the length of his sentence treason. No prisoners for political beliefs. ” nor the oppressive atmosphere in the prison The Polish Embassy was altogether more have managed to crash him. “I’m glad - I have MARCH candid. Could they give us the figures for no regrets. I don’t know why, I just do. I don’t political prisoners, we asked? want to be painted bigger, just acknowledged MARCH M a rc h Via U.S. I think I can. Hold the line a m inute... There for what I did: I made the jump from are some of course. I don’t believe I can give philosophizing to action. I feel I’m a spokesman you any statistics at the moment... There were for many people - I did what a helluva lot of 1 6 th Embassy to some students and lecturers a t Warsaw people would have done - but they had more University. I think nine sentences were passed. ” to lose. ” Trafalgar Square Were they imprisoned for their political beliefs? “When I come out, I want to work for the ‘They were making riots in the streets and cause. But Tim won’t be out for at least three fighting with the police, that sort of thing. Not years — even if his appeal is successful. He is for 3p. m. rally necessarily for political beliefs... during the appealing on the grounds that he doesn’t seek Enquiries/Donations to March Mobilisation Committee, riots in March 1968”. romantic emulation of what he did and that- 120 Commercial Road, London E. l, 01-480-6789 But aren’t there some persons imprisoned for such an appeal would demonstrate his sanity. expressing their political beliefs - Kuron and And sewing prison bags doesn’t do much for a Modzelewski, for instance? politically committed poet. He has no access to “Yes there are. People with Anarchist ideas. books - he told the Dwarf last week that books School students and teachers of the schools action union free schools Appeals to overthrow the regime... you might are what he needs: Cleaver, ‘New and other organisations march through london to county hall. March 2 1969 call them political... they believe they are Revolutionaries’, Castro, Marx. Anything. Send Photo Alice Simpson socialists... you know... pro-Maoist, a sort of to: mixture of radical leftists... some kind of Cohn 004105 Daly Bendit anarchists”. H. M. Prison Old English liberties have been swiftly eroded Wormwood Scrubs by the Wilson regime; and to our regret, have lLondon W.12. not been replaced by a frankness as engaging a? this. All international trank calls can be traced. Records of these calls are kept by Telephone Managers’ office throughout Britain. At present Edward Davoren, a student and London T.M.O. are giving information from these Secretary of the Revolutionary Students records to British military authorities in order Socialist Federation was arrested in a police to capture U.S. deserters in Britain.

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Published by Peter Socialism Made Easy by Connolly - 3/- youthful hopes have been carried away by the all post paid. From Pioneer Book Service, 8 Owen, 38/-. SELECTED ESSAYS - GEORG LUKACS. tide of modern capitalism. This new collection of unpublished Lukacs Toynbee Street, London El. DIRECTORY OF LITTLE MAGAZINES: the 4th We are now on our way to recapture our hopes. edition of this invaluable catalogue is now available provides a general introduction to the writer’s and lists hundreds of avant-garde and revolutionary ideas. ROUNDHOUSE CHALK FARM ROAD NW1. If you are getting bored with the life you have APRIL 13th. 9. 00 a. m. to 1. 00 a.m. POVERTY publications throughout the world. Send 15/- to made for yourself after the dissolution of your Dustbooks, 64 Muswell Hill Road, London N.10. * Four of the above available post free for only IS VIOLENCE: EXPLOITATION OF THE £5 youthful hopes, then your only cure is to join THIRD WORLD. BOBBY SEALE, FLAG BAGS: CARRIER BAGS IN N. L. 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SCHOOLS SECTION

A Dwarf correspondent in Calais, France, printing, indeed, excerpts, from children’s essays on the subject of race, essays indicating These essays were written by 15-year-old writing of events in his school, draws up the schoolboys. White, English schoolboys, whose following picture of the situation today: to what extent prejudice is ingrained from the BLOODY GOOD earliest years. fathers may well have fought in a war against “ Schoolchildren are divided into two groups: the Hitler. moderates and gaullistes who are satisfied with Nonetheless, there are signs of a stirring. Dear Comrades, Organisations have been formed, especially in I have just read, with the reforms and have been succesfully Last Sunday night I overheard a discussion by London, and with every post letters arrive in •considerable interest, Ken influenced by the anti-communist, two Pakistanis in a pub called the ‘PAKS this office from school students asking for Murray’s excellent article on the anti-anarchist, and anti-leftist government RETREAT’. They were talking about Enoch advice and information. These letters the Dwarf Q.E.2. (Black Dwarf Feb 14th). propaganda; there are on the other hand, the Powell. “White bastard”, one of them said. The dissatisfied militants in the action committees, passes on to the organisations concerned; but However, the whole article was prints two typical letters below. written in a tone of almost other replied, “Yes, he ought to be castrated who are firmly decided on action. ” for trying to send us home, we are doing no A remarkable political sophistication is At the same time, the authorities have not been inarticulate rage (a style which the slow to react. A Belfast correspondent has sent Black Dwarf seems to specialise wrong and as for not working I have worked for therefore displayed — even in cities far distant 3 months since I cam over in 1963. ” Then the from Paris. In the schools of Great Britain, us a cutting from the Belfast Sunday News, in) and therefore it suffered from which reports that two pupils at the Royal considerable defects from a other one said, “Did I tell you the rest of my ‘May 1968’ has not yet arrived; and the school family is coming over next month, my wife and students are far from being as polarised as our Belfast Academical Institution “have been propaganda point of view. For suspended from classes after they were involved instance: 15 kids, they are being smuggled over and correspondent describes. Many are quite landed on the Kent coast. Another ten years unconscious of the need for change and reform; in a ‘Free Schools’ campaign involving demands “The foremen were asked to for the abolition of corporal punishment and fill in meaningless bits of paper and we will overrun this country despite this others are sunk in the an abysmal, if man Powell. ” uncomprehending, reaction. The Dwarf is approval of smoking”. and the wizards based the effectiveness of their spells on this By this time it was making my blood boil, I felt gibberish”. like killing both of the black syphilletic, I don’t know what the ‘bits of ghonnoreatic, slit eyed monglese fuck-pigs. Just paper’ are supposed to be, so what at that moment two Irish dockers the worse off is the good of a statement like this for drink, picked a fight with these two paks. to me when I am trying to One of the paks had a bottle put over his head, APPEARANCE OF convince - someone that the and the other made a run for the door... ^ workers were not to blame for the resulting fiasco? ** Last Saturday I went into the Rising Sun pub Another example: up Chelsea where I heard two men arguing “Sub-contractors arsed around in about wogs, so as I hate wogs I intervened, and CHANGE their usual parasitical fashion. ” I said to one bloke that the government ought Again, far too vague to convince What did the events of May 1968 really achieve tighten up on the exam. Some pupils estimate not to allow wogs over here because, they come anyone without experience of over here and have thousands of babies, and for French schools? The reform in the law that to go on stike would ruin any chance they sub-contractors. suggests that progress has actually been made. might have had of getting the diploma, so they take up all the jobs, and when that Biafran Worst of all, though, was the campaign was on you never heard of any wogs In fact, the power of the pupils has diminished. decide to take no action. Others feel that a fact that Ken Murray gave no giving any money. “By the way, have you seen It is true that pupils participate in the Councils strike would oblige the government to make the indication of his sources of some of these wogs over here? ” I said to the (Conseils de l’Establissement) that govern the bac easier, as was the case after May-June last information — not even T.U. bloke, one wog round my way drives a schools; but their proportion in these year. The militants have no fears about this at initials after his name. Paul Foot Mercedes and weighs at least 20 stone. assemblies is ridiculously small — 71/2% at all — they are only waiting for the slightest in his article in Socialist Worker on maximum. And the teachers themselves have provocation from the government and they will act. the Q.E.2. stated that his gained about as much from a strike which Certainly, the extreme violence o f these ideas The real problem we face is this: will there be a information was obtained in the lasted a month. The other council members are belongs only to a group to whom a reputation May 69 in France? School children are divided course of a long conversation with taken from among the administration or are for being hard is one o f the few available ways into two groups: the moderates and gaullists joiners who worked on the ship. chosen personally by the principal and are o f gaining social approval. But the prejudice is people who have nothing to do with the school. who are satisfied with the reforms and have This I can use. typical enough. It can be found in classrooms - How could one push for real reforms in such a been successfully influenced by the The grammar school to which and in factories and pubs — all over Britain. gaullist assembly? Even more, the council’s role anti-communist, anti-anarchist, and anti-leftist society has condemned me has a is limited: the principal has the right to veto a propaganda. On the other hand there are the sixth-form which is not, I suspect, unique in that it combines a vast Enoch Powell in my opinion is a prejudiced project; before any important decision can be dissatisfied militants in the action committees, bastard, using the means of racialism for his followed up it has to be approved by all the. who are firmly decided on action. Between the mass of apathetic, staff-worshipping cretins with a own purposes. I would hate to see what would governors. School children have only the role of two are the undecided — of whom the majority happen to the country if he got into power. . . are girls. Though the thirst for action in the cliquey minority which, although a screen and are used simply to give the This is what I think would happen. He would appearance of freedom. universities may be equal between the sexes, fairly articulate, takes a pride in the mentality of a low-grade I.T. have more unemployment, less council housing, Edgar Faure has used this so-called school girls are hesitant. But this middle class is a great reduction in social services, and the tending to disappear, the undecided find reader,. and a few individuals with participation for anti-school propaganda; he workers would not be able to bargain for high wanted the French to believe that the young themselves obliged by events to make a possibilities for socialism. Unfortunately, to even begin to wages and would have to work harder and had nothing more to complain about and that decision. The situation is tense. If schools like longer. ^ there would be peace and quiet from now on; Voltaire and Chaptal initiate demands and win over the latter, I have to argue we fear that he may have succeeded. These whole programmes for reform, there are others with the I. T. morons and they are, ‘reforms’ have been instituted only to stifle the ready to fall into a lethargy as a result of the of course, determined not to Enoch Powell, a little Hitler in his own way, schools movement. Besides, a principal of one government’s manoeuvres. Can the moderates believe a word I say, casting worsened racialism in Britain, by more or less of the lycees has stated that the reforms have dampen the spirits of the militants or prevent doubts on the veracity of sources telling the Labour Government how to run the increased his powers! their demands for a real reform from being which, thanks to articles like Ken immigrant situation. However, the May revolution has had one heard? The future will tell us. The month of Murray’s, I cannot always prove When referring to immigrants he appears to important consequence in terms of the May, the period of preparation for the exams, to be impeccable. So let’s have only mention coloured immigrants but seems to increased consciousness of the school-children. will be the test that the gaullist reforms will cast-iron information in future. forget the European immigrants, American and They were relatively inactive before May — have to take, and it will be a hard one — for the Black Dwarf is a bloody good Australian which make up more than half of there were few CALs (Comite d’Action school kids are ready to face it. paper and you could easily make the three million immigrants in Britain today. Lyceen). But May made the school kids aware Bernard Courbot it so much better. Surveys have shown that the majority of the of the whole problem of education; they have Fraternally, population are all in favour of Mr Powell, but I taken up a position — different positions, of believe that immigrants especially coloured, are course, but definite ones. For example, a CEDL Tony Scott used as a scape-goat for the economic and social (Comite d’Etude des Droits Lyceens) has been Rules & R EG S London S.E.20. problems of Britain today. formed at a lycee in Calais — this is a moderate version of the CAL. An anarcho-socialist Comrades, printing press has been started. In November, I am interested in setting up a Secondary after Edgar Faure’s ‘reforms’ were published, School Union in Wolverhampton. I have already SICKENED UNEF (National Union of French Students) written to “Pupil Power’”.... and any decided on a day of demands; 90% of the Calais information, literature, advice you could send Dear Black Dwarf, Could you please tell me your proposals and pupils went on strike in solidarity with UNEF. to me would be gratefully received. I recently bought a copy of your paper and was how I can help you in your work? Do you want The proportion was smaller in other schools, There is definitely a need for some very impressed with it, especially with the bit violent protests or peaceful demonstrations? but one point is clear - schoolchildren are organisation like this, to deal with the petty you published about school students. I have got quite an influence in my school and organised. rules and regulations foisted upon us, so as to For some time now, I, and a few friends, have in time I could probably get them to see my The pupils at Terminale — the motor of the turn us out, before educated or cultured, as been sickened by the method which our school point of view. schools movement - fear that the baccalaureat conforming automatons. is run. I go to a Catholic Convent Grammar Your sincerely, will be very hard this year: the fantastically Yours, School called St Michael’s and I am in the 4th high pass-rate in 68 will make the authorities (Name and address withheld) form. (Name and address withheld ) The Black Dwarf 14th March 1969 Page 12 AGITPROP People in Agit-Prop are preparing visual material of all kinds to get over a socialist point of view on every aspect of the housing question, private tenants, GLC tenants, the EVENTS homeless, land speculation, wrong social priorities. If you want to work on making stuff or want to use what we make, contact 01-607-0155 for details of work groups etc. PS BLACK DWARF AT THE AGIT-PROP NEEDS AN OFFICE BADLY. ROUNDHOUSE Telephone 607-0155. ROUND DWARF AT THE BLACKHOUSE POSTER WORKSHOPS ROUND BLACK AT THE Comrades in Dundee are setting up a poster DWARFHOUSE workshop; there’s one in Bristol too. 61 HOUSE BLACK AT THE Camden Road NW1 is functioning again, under ROUNDDWARF pressure from demand from Fords. Write to GROUPS-FOODS-GAMES Camden workshop for help and information on DR1NKS-FILMS-R1FLE RANGE setting up workshops in your area. ANY WAY YOU WANT IT ON SUNDAY APRIL 27th AT THE Action Committee for Higher Education, ROUNDHOUSE’. ALL PROC­ Agit-Prop, Anti-Apartheid, Black Dwarf, Bristol EEDS TO THE DWARF AND Student Movement, Campaign for Nuclear AGIT-PROP Disarmament, Child Poverty Action Group, Committee for Extra-Parliamentary Democracy, Community Action Group, Communist Party, Haslemere Group, Indian

STREET THEATRE FRI MAR 14th - SUB MAR 16th: A wet Saturday night in Wandsworth Bridge them - a hard core of coldly determined There is now another Agit-Prop acting group International Biafra Conference. Details from Road; inside the St. John’s Hall a large audience destroyers whose fanaticism will be assuaged by which has a street play about housing. Bruce Save Biafra Campaign, 13 Goodwin Street, had come to try Enoch Powell; outside in the nothing less than the wrecking of university Bircham is organising a meeting and London N4. tel: 01-272-5524. road fifty-two National Front members education. These, undoubtedly, will have to be performance for all people involved in street brandishing ‘Keep Britain White’ banners sang dealt with — even, if necessary, at the cost of theatre. Possibly 14-16 March in Cambridge. SUN MAR 16th: Mobilisation — Heathrow 11 Rule Britannia loudly enough for us to hear. I temporary alliance with elements whose Send synopses of past scripts, questions and a. m. to welcome student delegation from NLF. never have liked the song but I never realised it political illiberality is itself a danger. ” themes you want to work on to him c/o 7 St Mass rally Trafalgar Square 3 p. m. More details: could sound so frightening. Well, who is this scribe, cringing behind Andrews Hill, Cambridge. M.V. M.C., 120 Commercial Road, London El. The meeting was a good one. Many black anonymity, who desires to form a temporary tel: 01480-6789. people spoke urging the need for unity not only alliance with ‘illiberal elements’? Black Dwarf SOCIALISTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION are in this country but also abroad with ‘kith and can reveal that he is A.H. Hanson, professor of organising a conference 12-13th April in TUES MAR 18th: REVOLUTIONARY kin’ in Rhodesia, in Vietnam, and in Mississippi. politics at the university of Leeds. Beyond this London. It is planned to cover trends in the SOCIALISTS TO BE OUT IN FORCE: the The audience was reminded that the struggle simple statement it is hard to go, since there is integration of education with capitalism, President of the Institute of Science and here was only an extension of struggles going absolutely nothing of distinction or interest to student action and the authoritarian reaction, Technology, Manchester University, is going to on in their own countries. Powell was report about Hanson. His ‘books’ are as prospects of militant union action. There will confer honorary fellowships on a number of unanimously condemned although he was unreadable as his reviews. But let the Leeds be papers on Scientists and Society, people including the head of Research and satirically defended by a coloured South students know who their enemies are. university/college structure and government, Advanced Projects, Elliott Automation Radar African speaker. teacher-training colleges, and further education System. More details from David Aron, c/o Richard Small, a West Indian law student, colleges. Aims and action are to be worked out. Soc-Soc, Manchester University Union, P.O. quoted a cutting from the Observer’s political Plans are well underway for ensuring that the Contact SHE at Old School House, Swine, Hull. Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester 1. correspondent dated 4th October 1964. March 16th demonstration called by the Headed: Rebuff for Tory at Smethwick it National Vietnam Mobilisation Committee will RED AND BLACK NEWSREEL FRI MAR 21stt: Housing demo outside Centre described how Alderman Peter Griffiths, who be a successful mass action against the A newsreel service covering new left activity has Point. Ring Agit-Prop for details: 01-607-0155. fought his parliamentary campaign on the American aggression in Vietnam. The N.V.M.C. been set up in Rome and London. The London demand for an immediate ban on immigration, is a coalition mainly of some of the forces and focus is the Red and Black Filmaker Co-Op, 68 FRI MAR 21st: SHARPESVILLE DAY had cancelled an invitation to Enoch Powell to individuals who helped organise the succesful Charlwood Sy, London SW1. (01-834-5525). MEMORIAL CONCERT, 7. 30 p. m. at Victoria speak as “Mr. Powell, who is extremely hostile October 27th demonstration. The main Any active group can send 16mm negative, and Hall, Sheepcote Road, Harrow. (Harrow-on-Hill to bringing race into politics, was likely to be groupings at this stage are the Vietnam will receive in return a copy of each edition of an embarrassment” Solidarity Campaign, the Young Communist Tube). Tickets 5/6. Organised by the newsreel. These copies will be shown on a To everyone’s amazement Griffiths won the League and the International Marxist Group. Wembley-Harrow Anti-Apartheid Group. half-half basis, so that both the groups costs election. The lesson was not lost on Powell The organisers argue that it is now more important than ever, when the Vietnamese have and the newsreel expenses can be covered. SAT MAR 22/SUN MAR 23rd: RSSF whose own constituency, Wolverhampton, is Red and Black newsreels will be edited in Rome just a few miles away. Richard Small then entered into talks, that opposition to the war Conference. Manchester University Union, be intensified in Britain to demonstrate to the every two months. First edition in about two Oxford Road, Manchester. Starts Saturday 11 showed with the aid of a report published in months time, eight prints being made at Clodio the Guardian, how Griffiths and his cronies on world that the Vietnamese are not alone, and a.m. and will go on to Monday if people can that no one has been fooled by the American laboratories. Distribution will include Rome, manage to stay. the Smethwick borough council, some of whom Berlin, Paris, London and New York. These “were raring to have a go at parliamentary diplomatic manoeuvers. Certainly the new offensive of the N.L.F. makes very explicit newsreels are designed as successors to the SAT MAR 29th - SUN MAR 30th: WORKERS’ seats” themselves, became a threat to Powells student conegiornale and May cine-tract,, own hold on the leadership of Midlands what hopes they place in the Paris talks CONTROL CONFERENCE IN SHEFFIELD. bringing about a speedy withdrawal of the having open and international coverage, in Speakers include Hugh Scanlon, Lawrence Conservatism. The way Powell chose to combat cooperation with Parallel Cinema in Paris. Bias this threat everybody knows. American troops. Daly, Ernie Roberts. Fee of 10/6 per delegate. towards new forms of revolution. The meeting closed with a suggested The demonstration comes at an appropriate Full board at Sheffield University available at time, requiring a certain amount of courage on £3. 6. 6. Enquiries or bookings to the punishment of 999 years gaol for Enoch and a LEFT CONVENTION reminder from Obi Egbuna that we have got to the part of its organisers to call it. Many on the Conference Organiser, IWC, 91 Goldsmith Left have been lulled by the Paris peace talks The next meeting of the preparatory Street, Nottingham NG1 5LT. get organised before we can carry the sentence commission which will continue to consider out. into thinking that the war was coming to a cosy end and that Vietnam was no longer an possible forms of united action which can • realistically be proposed is on Sunday 23rd It should surprise no one that New important. issue; active support has shown signs May, 1820. Troops were scouring the counties Revolutionaries, edited by Tariq Ali, and the of falling off. March, 11am-4pm at TOCH, Pembridge Gardens, Notting Hill. AU organisations and of Dunbarton, Stirling, Renfrew, Lanark and NLR/Penguin Student Power have been the One of the fruits of the March 16th action Ayr, in Scotland, for rebels and arms. They had object of malign assault in the press. But fans of appears to have already fallen from the tree, individuals who wish to attend, please contact May Day Manifesto Office: tel: EUS 6073. just successfully suppressed a Scottish reactionary prose may have missed the most but into the lap of C.N.D. An important aspect national-radical uprising and were now engaged ludicrous of all these reviews — in the Times of the coming action will be the emphasis on in “mopping-up” operations. On Monday, May Literary Supplement. The grey columns of British complicity in the war, with an emphasis ANGRY ARTS FILM SOCIETY Films of American and British Left; the 3, a house to house search was being made in this rachitic periodical are of course produced on the refusal by the British authorities to Bridgetown when the military uncovered a large anonymously, for the perfectly sound reason allow representatives of the N.L.F. and North Columbia Revolt; Black Panthers; Riot Control Weapons; the Pig Film; End of a Tactic? - Oct number of muskets and pikes wrapped in copies that if readers knew the indifferent hacks Vietnam into Britain. The day after N.V.M.C.’s of the Black Dwarf. As the Lord Advocate of employed by the TLS its minuscule circulation press conference threatened to occupy London 27th film. Information from Angry Arts Film Society, 10 Downside Crescent, Scotland (Sir William Rae) commented: ‘a most would vanish altogether. Airport the N.L.F. were refused admission to appropriate wrapper’. In the course of his uneasy cogitations on the Britain, Callaghan stated he would allow London NW3. 01-794-3228. two books mentioned above, the reviewer came Madam Binh, leader of the Vietnamese up with the following choice example of negotiating delegation in Paris, into Britain to academic Powellism: speak to the C.N.D. rally on Easter Monday. In “As for the equation of “student power” with this way Callaghan hopes to take some of the Please send me the BLACK DWARF for the next 6/12 months. “workers’ control”, and the belief that, in steam out. of the campaign and take 'the I enclose p.o. /cheque for £1/£2. defying the university authorities, students are pressure off the government. However, Dinh Ba waging the class struggle, these illusions scarcely Thi, an N.L.F. leader, was not allowed into N a m e...... merit serious criticism. Fortunately, there is a Britain for last Sunday’s Morning Star Birthday little evidence in this symposium itself that Rally, so there has been no change of policy. some of the radicals are beginning to become One section of the March 16th action will be a Address...... aware of the distasteful consequences to which welcoming party at London Airport to meet such absurdities lead. Do they really want to the Vietnamese. Applications are being made “go Japanese” and spend their time in pitched for visas for a delegation of Vietnamese, among battles with the police, while the university whom is Tran Van Am, and N.L.F. student and I have a friend who would be interested in receiving a sample remains closed? Does this really help the partisan. Demonstrators should assemble at copy. proletarian revolution, or scare the daylights Hyde Park Corner at 1. 00 p. m. and then out of the American imperialists? The answers, proceed by way of the American embassy to N a m e...... one would have thought, are obvious; yet Trafalgar Square where there will be a mass experience now suggests that there will always rally. be some who deliberately refuse to listen to Contact number 01-480-6789. Address......

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