Linguistic Cleansing in Flanders, Close to the European

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Linguistic Cleansing in Flanders, Close to the European Stop linguistic cleansing in Flanders The Caravan of Gregory and his girlfriend, Walloon Youngsters, painted over at the Belgian coast For a while i’m going to write exclusively in English. I have had it with the Flemish nationalists. What’s happening in Flanders recalls the dark Middle Ages when Flemish insurrectionists used the phrase ‘Schild en Vriend’ to select and kill French speaking soldiers in Bruges. The Bruges Matins or Brugse Metten was the nocturnal massacre of the French garrison in Bruges by the members of the local Flemish militia on 18 May 1302. The title of the massacre was an analogy to the Sicilian Vespers. The massacre has been compared to St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre. This revolt led to the Battle of the Golden Spurs, which saw the Flemish militia defeat French troops on 11 July 1302. Bruges had the exclusive rights for the importation of sheep’s wool from England. This trade was in the hands of the bourgeois but when Edward I began to deal directly with the customers, the traders lost their advantage. They and their political agents, the aldermen, called upon their liege, Philip the Fair, to maintain their dominant monopolistic position. To do so, he garrisoned French troops in the town. During the night of 18 May 1302, armed insurrectionists with Pieter de Coninck and Jan Breydel at their head entered the houses where the French were garrisoned. According to tradition, to distinguish the French from the natives, they asked suspects to repeat the shibboleth: “schild en vriend” which means “shield and friend” a sentence difficult to pronounce for a French speaker. Another version suggests the alternative “des gildens vriend”, “friend of the guilds”. Only the governor, Jacques de Châtillon, and a handful of the French managed to scape with their lives. In Zaventem the employees of the community are forbidden to speak another language then Dutch. In Zaventem live more than 100 different nationalities, what’s more it is an International airport. For now, voyagers aren’t attacked yet, but who knows? Anyway when you want to go to swim in the communal swimming pool you must speak Dutch otherwise you have to bring along an interpreter to ask for your ticket at the pigeonhole. You can try to mimic the act of smimming, but you risk that the employee requires yo to speak Dutch saying: “Geen gebarentaal, meneeer, alleen Nederlands hier!” (No sign language here, sir. Only Dutch). One could understand the insurrection of Flemish guilds at the time, their trade was threatened, but what happens TODAY in Brugges and other Flemish cities cannot be explained. At the cityhall of Sint Pieters-Leeuw on August 14th 2008 the followinfg conversation between an employee of the EU and a town official could be noticed : - Good Morning, my name is Stefan Grech, this is my wife and this is my lovely daughter, she’s six. - Geen Engels hier, mijnheer. (No English here Sir.) - Sorry? - Alleen Nederlands. (Only Dutch.) - Vous parlez Français? - Nee meneer, zeker geen Frans. Alleen Nederlands. (No Sir, definitively no French. Only Dutch.) - Italiano? - The lady nods intensely NO - I start to get the impression that you understand what i’m saying. - Nods YES. We spreken hier alleen Nederlands. U bent hier in Vlaanderen. (We only speak Dutch here. You are in Flanders here.) - Would there be anyone else in the building who could help me? - Nods intensely NO - So, you do understand me. The European Community has established an office to help their employees when confronted with the Flemish stuborness. Stefan Grech commented: ‘I can understand the situation of the Flemish around Brussels. It was explained to me. I got the picture. But there is another thing: elementary decency. The lady did understand me perfectly. I’ve travelled a lot. I lived in the poorest parts of Africa and in the Soviet Union during teh Cold War. But something like that? I’ve never passed through. I do not think there is a place in the world where you can find something like that. A lot of bilingual signalling boards are painted over in the communities around Brussels But this is only the first example it gets worse. A young man missed his last train in Brugges. He had to look for a hotel. At the station he phoned his French speaking girlfriend to explain he couldn’t make it. Of course he phoned in French. A guy interrupts this private conversation by punching in his back saying: “In Brugge spreken we Vlaams!” (In Bruges we speak Flemish.) The young man thought he didn’t have to explain why he phoned in French and went on. A few seconds later he is pulled at his shoulder and receives a serious fist blow in his face. He bleeds and looses one tooth. The French actor Stéphane Bern sitting on a terrace in Brugges cannot get a drink. The waiter refuses to serve him because he speaks French. And then, on October 17, 2008, the 14 year old Sara. Perfectly bilingual: She walks home with a friend after school. They gossip and tattle in French. They are surrounded by three other girls from school. One is sending an SMS. Another reproaches Sara that she speaks French in Flanders. Sara tries to defend herself but a few minutes later the mates of the other girls appear at the scenery. Sara receives 38 stabs of a cutter knife. While they stab, they shout: “Geen Frans, we zijn hier in Vlaanderen.” (No French, We are in flanders here.) Sarah show her wounds And what still adds to it. Sarah is expelled from school. She was said to behave provocatively in defending herself. When her mother asks for an explanation the Flemish schooldirector says that he cannot guarantee Sarah’s security at school any longer. Sarah is not allowed to return to school. ——– I paste here a reaction from the French Community ——– ‘J’ai parlé français en Flandre’ -> 38 coups de cutter ! 17/10/2008 - Belgique Francophone ‘J’ai parlé français en Flandre’ (17/10/2008) © DEMOULIN À Kapelle-op-den-Bos, cela n’a pas plu. Sara, 14 ans, a été tailladée de 38 coups de cutter ! KAPELLE-OP-DEN-BOS Il y a quelques années, Wendy a décidé de s’installer à Kapelle- op-den-bos, une commune flamande située à 10 km de Bruxelles. ‘Je suis francophone, mais je me débrouille en flamand et d’ailleurs, je travaille pour une société flamande. Je me suis installée ici car je voulais de la sécurité pour mes enfants et à Bruxelles, ce n’était pas possible. Finalement, c’est ici que ma fille a été agressée.’ Trente-huit coups de cutter sur les avant-bras car Sara, 14 ans, a parlé français dans la rue ! Sara est parfaite bilingue, comme beaucoup de ses amies. ‘Elle va à l’école en flamand. C’est à quelques minutes de chez nous. À la maison, c’est vrai que nous parlons le français.’ En rue aussi parfois. Et c’est cela qui a dérangé des jeunes de son école. Une des étudiantes a fait une remarque à Sara qui parlait français avec une amie sur le trottoir près de l’école. ‘Elle ne supporte pas que je parle à mes amies en français.’ Vendredi, les remarques ont pris un tournant on ne peut plus inquiétant. ‘Elle m’a fait signe de venir vers elle.’ Sara lui a demandé, en flamand, s’il y avait un problème. ‘Elle a pris son GSM et a envoyé un SMS. Quelques secondes plus tard, ses amis sont arrivés vers moi.’ Sara s’est retrouvée entourée. ‘Je me suis raiment sentie menacée. J’ai voulu partir, mais ils ne m’ont pas laissé faire’, explique l’adolescente de 14 ans. ‘J’avais eu cours de dessin, j’avais donc un cutter avec moi. C’est idiot, je sais, mais j’ai eu le réflexe de le sortir. Ils étaient loin de moi et la lame n’était pas sortie.’ La jeune fille qui l’avait abordée lui a dit que ce n’était pas très malin. ‘C’était vrai. Je l’ai lâché, il est tombé à terre.’ Sara a cru que l’incident était clos. ‘Mais ils étaient toujours plus nombreux car tout le monde venait voir ce qui se passait.’ Quelqu’un a ramassé le cutter. ‘Ils m’ont tenue. J’ai voulu me débattre. Je sentais que ça brûlait à mes bras. Je pleurais.’ Et puis, Sara a vu le sang. ‘Je me suis enfuie et je suis allée à la maison. Ils riaient tous. Il y a même des gens qui ont applaudi.’ En voyant les blessures, Wendy, la maman de Sara (qui est sous calmants depuis), n’en a pas cru ses yeux. ‘Je suis allée à l’école. La police est venue. J’ai déposé plainte.’ Et là, c’est l’incompréhension. ‘C’est ma fille qui est renvoyée pour agression ! Le directeur est convaincu que ma fille s’est tailladée elle-même !’ Wendy s’est rendue avec sa fille, hier après midi, à l’école. ‘Pour l’instant, elle ne peut pas retourner à l’école, le directeur m’a dit qu’il ne pouvait pas garantir sa sécurité.’ Wendy est désemparée. ‘Je ne sais plus quoi faire ni à qui m’adresser. Je cherche un avocat qui pourra m’aider…’ En se renseignant, Wendy a appris que la discrimination de langue n’existait pas. ‘Et je fais quoi maintenant, moi ? Et ma fille, que va-t-elle devenir ?’ Emmanuelle Praet © La Dernière Heure 2008 ——— End Paste ——————————————————- An abundance of such incidents is reported to the papers these days.
Recommended publications
  • De Brugse Metten: Een Andere Lieu De Mémoire Van De Vlamingen
    VERONIQUE LAMBERT De Brugse Metten: een andere lieu de mémoire van de Vlamingen De Frans-Vlaamse oorlog Op 9 januari 1297 zegde Gwijde van Dampierre, graaf van Vlaanderen (1252/1278-1305), zijn leencontract op met Filips IV de Schone, koning van Frankrijk (1285-1314). De leenopzegging bete­ kende zoveel als een oorlogsverklaring en op 15 juni 1297 vielen Franse troepen onder leiding van Karel van Valois en Raoul van Nesle Kroon-Vlaanderen binnen. 1 Het was het begin van de zogenaamde Frans-Vlaamse oorlog die pas in 1320 met een definitief vredesver­ drag werd afgesloten.2 De bekendste gebeurtenis die zich in die oor­ log heeft afgespeeld, is ongetwijfeld de Guldensporenslag. Deze veld­ slag die op 11 juli 1302 werd uitgevochten op de Groeningekouter bij Kortrijk heeft tot de verbeelding gesproken van de tijdgenoot en van latere generaties. Voor het eerst in de geschiedenis van West­ Europa behaalde voetvolk de overwinning op een sterk en goed uit­ gerust ridderleger. Dat was een bijna onmogelijke gebeurtenis en ver- 1 Karel, graaf van Valois en Anjou (1270-1325), was de broer van Filips de Schone. Raoul van Nesle was de schoonvader van Willem van Crèvecreur, de tweede zoon uit Gwijdes huwelijk met Mathildis van Bethune. Th. Luykx, Hetgrafelijkgeslacht Dampierre en zijn strijd tegen Filips de Schone, Leuven, 1952, p. 112. Kroon­ Vlaanderen was het deel van het graafschap Vlaanderen dat van de koning van Frankrijk in leen werd gehouden. 2 Over de Frans-Vlaamse oorlog, zie F. Funck-Brentano, Philippe le Bel en Flandre, Parijs, 1897. Het werk van Funck-Brentano is natuurlijk verouderd en bovendien gekleurd door een pro-Franse romantische visie.
    [Show full text]
  • Regime Van Brugge (1302-1310). Een Herziening
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography Mathijs Speecke Het eerste ‘democratische’ regime van Brugge (1302-1310). Een herziening INLEIDING Weinig episodes uit de Vlaamse geschiedschrijving zijn zo veel- vuldig besproken en gemythologiseerd als de revolutie van 1302. De golf van volksoproer in de steden, de Guldensporenslag en de ‘heldenrol’ van figuren als Pieter de Coninck en Jan Breidel maken van de gebeurtenissen in de late dertiende en vroege veertiende eeuw een geliefkoosd onderwerp voor zowel historici als roman- ciers. Maar de grens tussen beide perspectieven is - hier nog meer dan elders - flinterdun. Naar aanleiding van de zevenhonderdste verjaardag van de Guldensporenslag in 2002 verscheen dan ook een arsenaal aan academische bijdragen die in de eerste plaats tot doel hadden feiten van fictie te onderscheiden en de populaire beeldvorming bij te sturen in de richting van meer recente weten- schappelijke inzichten.1 Gezien de vele politieke recuperaties en scheeftrekkingen is dat niet abnormaal. Toch is het frappant dat er toen geen enkele publicatie expliciet gewijd was aan het inhoude- lijk debat over de impact van deze revolutionaire beweging op het maatschappelijk -en dan vooral politiek - leven in de laatmiddel- eeuwse stad. Nochtans lopen de meningen ook hier sterk uiteen. In navolging van de Gentse historicus Henri Pirenne argumenteer- den verschillende generaties geschiedkundigen dat de aanhouden- de spanningen tussen de traditionele oligarchische poortersklasse (de “majores” en “les boins de la ville”) enerzijds en het ‘volksfront’ van arbeiders, ambachtslieden en van de politieke macht uitgeslo- 1 P. TRIO & D.
    [Show full text]
  • Discord & Consensus
    c Discor Global Dutch: Studies in Low Countries Culture and History onsensus Series Editor: ulrich tiedau DiscorD & Discord and Consensus in the Low Countries, 1700–2000 explores the themes D & of discord and consensus in the Low Countries in the last three centuries. consensus All countries, regions and institutions are ultimately built on a degree of consensus, on a collective commitment to a concept, belief or value system, 1700–2000 TH IN IN THE LOW COUNTRIES, 1700–2000 which is continuously rephrased and reinvented through a narrative of cohesion, and challenged by expressions of discontent and discord. The E history of the Low Countries is characterised by both a striving for consensus L and eruptions of discord, both internally and from external challenges. This OW volume studies the dynamics of this tension through various genres. Based C th on selected papers from the 10 Biennial Conference of the Association OUNTRI for Low Countries Studies at UCL, this interdisciplinary work traces the themes of discord and consensus along broad cultural, linguistic, political and historical lines. This is an expansive collection written by experts from E a range of disciplines including early-modern and contemporary history, art S, history, film, literature and translation from the Low Countries. U G EDIT E JANE FENOULHET LRICH is Professor of Dutch Studies at UCL. Her research RDI QUIST AND QUIST RDI E interests include women’s writing, literary history and disciplinary history. BY D JAN T I GERDI QUIST E is Lecturer in Dutch and Head of Department at UCL’s E DAU F Department of Dutch.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Monumentendag 2011 'Conflict'
    STAD BRUGGE OPEN MONUMENTENDAG 2011 ‘CONFLICT’ zaterdag 10 september 2011 zondag 11 september 2011 OPEN MONUMENTENDAG 2011 BRUGGE CONFLICT 10 & 11 SEPTEMBER 3 OPEN MONUMENTENDAG 2011 | CONFLICT Woord Vooraf Op zaterdag 10 en zondag 11 september vieren we de 23ste editie van de Open Monumentendag, het feest bij uitstek van het onroerend erfgoed. Het thema in 2011 is ‘Conflict’. Onze rijke geschiedenis is gekruid met conflicten, oorlogen en twisten, tegenstellingen en ruzies, ontbering en miserie. Conflict wordt hier niet louter negatief benaderd, integendeel, na een conflict volgt meestal verzoening en ook dat levert nieuw erfgoed op. Op deze Open Monumentendag 2011 wordt het onroerend erfgoed belicht dat rechtstreeks te maken heeft met gewelddadige conflicten zoals de stadspoorten, het Fort van Beieren of het voormalig militair ziekenhuis maar ook de monumenten van verzoening en herinnering zoals de militaire kapel, de Hof van Aurora en bepaalde graven op de centrale begraafplaats. Speciale aandacht gaat daarnaast uit naar het ‘conflict van herbestemming’ van monumenten en naar de confrontatie oude en nieuwe architectuur bij verschillende actuele realisaties. De OMD-bezoeker kan in Brugge niet minder dan 27 sites ontdekken of kiezen tussen 20 activiteiten. Monumenten en landschappen, fietstochten, themawandelingen, tentoonstellingen en lezingen zorgen voor deze inkijk op verleden en heden. Conflict wordt in een ruim historisch kader geplaatst. In Brugge hebben we het hele jaar door aandacht voor het architecturale erfgoed maar het blijft belangrijk dit erfgoed ieder jaar opnieuw een weekend lang extra in de kijker te plaatsen op Open Monumentendag. Het publiek wordt zo nauwer betrokken bij het erfgoeddebat en krijgt voldoende stof tot nadenken aangereikt.
    [Show full text]
  • Bruges by Geir Sør-Reime
    World of Stamps: Bruges By Geir Sør-Reime Bruges is the capital of the Belgian province of West Flanders and is its largest city, with around 120,000 inhabitants. The city of Bru- ges also includes the seaport of Zeebrugge, which is both an important commercial port (opened in 1905) and a seaside resort area. 2011 postcard cancelled with Bruges post-office pictorial cancel (with enlargement of cancel), picture side of card showing Belfry, post-office and house of the region of West-Flanders, post-office in the center The historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage-listed area (inscribed in 2000). It is an oval-shaped me- dieval fortified city. In fact, the city and its for- tifications date back to the time of Emperor Cae- sar of Rome. The Roman fortifica- 2009 Belgian World Heritage sites, full souve- tions were rein- nir sheet (see also, page 2) Issue 13 - January 6, 2012 - StampNewsOnline.net 2009 Belgian World Heritage sites, single (second stamp from right on full souvenir sheet, page 1) showing left to right, Welcome Church of Our Lady, St. Giles’ Church and Belfry Tower). forced in the 9th century to withstand Viking attacks. Around this time, the city began to be known as Bryggia, probably meaning “landing stage” or “port”. Bruges was granted a city charter in 1128, when new city walls and new ca- nals also were built. Although its sea ac- cess had gradually silted up from around 1050, a storm in 1139 opened a new sea access for Bruges. During the 12th century, Bruges became a center of wool trade and a woolens weaving in- dustry and the city experienced its golden age, also based on trade in other commodities.
    [Show full text]
  • Belgium 2019
    LIÈGE BRUSSELS ANTWERP MECHELEN BEVEREN BELGIUM BRUGES CHARLEROI EUPEN SINT-TRUIDEN 2019-20 GENK KORTRIJK GHENT MOUSCRON OSTEND WAREGEM www.liberoguide.com BELGIUM 2019-20 liberoguide.com/category/countries/belgium BELGIUM The chaos inherent to Belgian club football was underlined Standard Liège during the summer of 2019 when Mechelen, champions of second-tier First Division B, were refused entry to top-flight First Division A due to a match-fixing scandal in 2018. Runners-up behind Mechelen, Beerschot from Antwerp, prepared Welcome to liberoguide.com! for a first promotion to the elite The digital travel guide for since… well, what with all the mergers football fans, liberoguide.com and matricules, it’s almost impossible is the most up-to-date resource, to say. (A matricule is very Belgian city-by-city, club-by-club, to the concept, a historic registration system game across Europe and North dating back to 1926, with numbers America. Using only original passed or sold on in mergers for a photos and first-hand research, higher league status.) taken and undertaken over seven seasons, liberoguide.com has But… then it was ruled that as been put together to enhance Mechelen had fixed matches more every football weekend and Euro than a season ago, the club should night experience. From airport only be excluded from the Belgian to arena, downtown sports bar Cup and the Europa League. Behind to hotel, liberoguide.com helps this decision was French-Iranian you get the best out of your visit entrepreneur Mehdi Bayat, now to football’s furthest corners and Belgian FA president, a former showcase stadiums.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanja Collet
    Vossenberg, from Zondereigen to Blenheim and Detroit Tanja Collet 1. Introduction In the fall of 1927, not quite 10 years after the end of the Great War, Father Ladislas Segers left Belgium for Canada to work with Flemish (but also Dutch) immigrants in southwestern Ontario.1 On August 29, 1927, he set sail from Antwerp, accompanied by fellow Capuchin, Father Willibrord Pennincx, and arrived in Blenheim (Ontario), where he was to found the first Canadian settlement of the Belgian province of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (O. F. M. Cap.), on September 17, 1927. Later he would recall his departure for the New World as follows: The waving handkerchiefs on the wharf are now nearly invisible […]. Night falls. On the deck, together with other immigrants, I silently stare at the far- away lights that outline the country, for which we fought so ferociously in hundreds of battles. A painful, lonely dream in the night.2 (Gazette van Detroit, September 6, 1929, 9) Nearly a decade earlier, on August 1, 1914, just days before the German invasion, a mobilised Father Ladislas, then a young seminarist, had, like many other seminarists of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, volunteered for active participation as stretcher-bearer. After the fall of the port city of Antwerp, he was sent to the Yser Front where, from October 1914 until Armistice Day 1918, he had the grim task of clearing the wounded piotten (‘soldiers’) from the battlefield, without the protection of a weapon, all the while braving enemy bullets and shell 1 This is the text of a presentation delivered to the annual meeting of the Canadian Association for the Advancement of Netherlandic Studies/Association canadienne pour l’avancement des études néerlandaises (CAANS-ACAÉN) held at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, on June 1-2, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaden Download
    ALEID HEMERYCK Het Brugse pantheon: nationale en lokale helden samengebracht De Romantiek kan worden aanzien als dé periode van de histori­ sche illustratie. Een historische gebeurtenis werd op talrijke manieren gevisualiseerd. De manier waarop die uitbeelding verliep, vertelde vaak meer over de Romantiek dan over de historische gebeurtenis zelf. Met hun kunst wilden de romantici een effect bewerkstelligen, indruk maken, de toeschouwer treffen en beroeren: 'Romantiek vraagt geen instemming, maar overgave. ' 1 De Belgische Romantiek had deze eigenheid verkregen door de gebeurtenissen van 1830. Zowel kunst als historiografie kregen een patriottisch keurslijf aange­ meten: 'De historiografie had tot taak de wortels van de eigentijdse verworvenheden te achterhalen om zo de legitimiteitsbewijzen ervan aan te dragen en de nationale identiteit inhoud te geven. Van de kunst verwachtte men dat zij deze informatie in beeld bracht om het publiek in zijn denken en handelen in nationale zin te beïnvloeden. Het verleden diende het negentiende-eeuwse nationaliteitsgevoel te gronden en te versterken, de daden uit vroegere tijden hadden een voorbeeldfunctie en werden gerecipieerd als voorafbeeldingen van een morele regeneratie. n Het is ook in dat licht dat het ontstaan van nationale pantheons moeten worden bekeken.3 Ook na 1850, wan­ neer het hoogtepunt van de Romantiek voorbij was, België niet meer zo jong was en het land zijn legitimatie verworven had, bleef de kunst in bepaalde opzichten patriottisch getint. In Brugge zal tot ver in de 1 T. Verschaffel, Beeld en geschiedenis (Turnhout 1987) 34. 2 L. Pil, 'Quasimodo of Apollo. De romantische historische verbeelding en de beperkingen van het "heroïsche" monument in het jonge België (1830-1860)', in: J.
    [Show full text]
  • 7 Political Power and Social Groups, C.1300–C.1500
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography 268 7 Political Power and Social Groups, c.1300– c.1500 Jan Dumolyn , Frederik Buylaert , Guy Dupont , Jelle Haemers , and Andy Ramandt At the turn of the fourteenth century, the character of political rule in the major cities of Flanders changed decisively. Around 1280, the manual work- ers who during the thirteenth century had been systematically excluded from the city government, fi nally entered the political stage. Aft er the pop- ular victory of 1302 the craft guilds, especially in the larger urban centres of Bruges and Ghent , gained access to the arenas of political decision- making. Th e cities emerged with new constitutions in which control of the urban government was shared between the old merchant class and the guilds, which were now given new liberties, though the equilibrium between the two would always remain precarious. 1 Guild power became a prominent feature of social and political life, so much so that the late medieval period in Bruges can be justly termed the age of ‘corporatism’, with the city being regarded as a body politic strongly infl uenced by the ‘political guilds’. While this development partly emerged from longer- term economic change, the momentous events around 1300 altered the nature of communal politics. While corporatist ideas and practices of governing the urban body politic borrowed from an earlier communal ideology, aft er 1302 the craft guilds would become, or would at least present themselves as, the embodiment of the urban commune.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Aanschouwelijke Middeleeuwen. Historische Optochten En
    ‘Aanschouwelijke Middeleeuwen. Historische optochten en vaderlandse drama's in het negentiende-eeuwse België’ Tom Verschaffel bron Tom Verschaffel, ‘Aanschouwelijke Middeleeuwen. Historische optochten en vaderlandse drama's in het negentiende-eeuwse België.’ In: R.Th.M. van Kesteren (red.), ‘Naar de Middeleeuwen...’: historische cultuur in de negentiende eeuw. Speciaal nummer van Theoretische Geschiedenis 26 (1999) 2, p. 129-148, 203-204. Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/vers059aans01_01/colofon.htm © 2004 dbnl / Tom Verschaffel 129 Aanschouwelijke Middeleeuwen Historische optochten en vaderlandse drama's in het negentiende-eeuwse België ‘N'êtes-vous pas en plein moyen age’, schreef de journalist van Le Bien Public enthousiast in zijn verslag van de historische optocht die op 23 juli 1856, in het kader van de viering van de vijfentwintigste verjaardag van de eedaflegging van Leopold I, door de straten van Brussel trok.1 En Hendrik Conscience, lid van het organisatiecomité van de festiviteiten en door regeringsleider Pierre de Decker ermee belast de ‘jubelfeesten’ in het Nederlands te beschrijven, was al even geestdriftig: ‘wanneer men den wagen van Luxemburg en den langen stoet die hem volgt ziet voorbygaen, denkt men zich hertooverd in de Middeleeuwen.’2 Voor de ogen van de enthousiaste menigte kwamen de Middeleeuwen tot leven, deden ze zich voor als zichtbaar en tastbaar. En de geestdrift werd gewekt door de aanschouwelijke aanwezigheid van het verleden, maar ook door de bewondering voor de pracht en praal van de voorstelling én door de vaderlandslievende trots waarmee het werd herkend als het eigen glorieuze verleden en als de essentie van de natie waartoe de toeschouwers zelf behoorden.
    [Show full text]
  • Adelheid Ceulemans the MEDIUM IS the MESSAGE HISTORICAL
    Adelheid Ceulemans THE MEDIUM IS THE MESSAGE HISTORICAL HEROES IN FLEMISH LYRICAL DRAMAS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY (1830-1914) Introduction In 1792 the Théâtre du Vaudeville opened its doors in Paris. The fact that a separate theatre house was built for staging (only) vaudevilles, illustrates this genre’s immense popularity in France at the end of the eighteenth century. In the first decades of the nineteenth century, playwrights in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands slowly got acquainted with the phenomenon. From 1830-1840 onwards the genre of the ‘lyrical drama’, rooted in French vaudeville and opéra comique, flourished in Flemish theatre houses.1 The staging of lyrical dramas drew full houses – it was a very popular kind of entertainment in nineteenth-century Flanders. The interdisciplinary nature of lyrical dramas (at the crossroads of poetry, music and drama) renders them highly interesting subjects for research. Until now, however, these genres have garnered little scholarly attention. In international research, lyrical dramas, especially French melodramas, have received attention from literary scholars, historians and musicologists in recent years.2 The lack of scholarly attention for these genres in Flanders is remarkable, not least as the connection between music and literature was strikingly evident in nineteenth-century Flemish Adelheid Ceulemans, ‘The medium is the message. Historical heroes in Flemish lyrical dramas of the nineteenth century (1830-1914)’, in: Studies on National Movements, 3 (2015). http://snm.nise.eu/index.php/studies/article/view/0303a
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of the Pro League on the Belgian Economy June 2018 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of the Pro League on the Belgian Economy
    Socio-economic impact assessment of the Pro League on the Belgian economy June 2018 Socio-economic impact assessment of the Pro League on the Belgian economy Contents Foreword 1 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Scope and Methodology 5 The evolution of professional football in Belgium 10 Socio-economic impact of the Pro League 27 Economic impact 29 Social impact 34 Closing Words 51 Appendix 52 2 Socio-economic impact assessment of the Pro League on the Belgian economy Foreword Football has grown considerably in the last 2 decades. Clubs are no longer only judged by their results on the pitch. They now have to demonstrate their capacity to adapt to changes in supporter expectations and simultaneously prove their ability to guarantee their economic continuity. This requirement has resulted in increased regulation for club licensing. The desire of club managers to stay financially profitable is too often misunderstood by the public and policy-makers. Additionally, player transfers are nowadays equally criticized for the costs they bring along, as they are applauded for attaining national or international success. In this context, we have felt the need to take a step back and ask Deloitte to investigate the impact of Pierre François Belgian professional football on society, both economically and socially. CEO Pro League We are happy to share with you this first edition of the report, which we will reflect to in future edition for comparison. Pierre Francois CEO Pro League Football is more than just a sport. It is a phenomenon touches the hearts of people, young and old, all around the globe.
    [Show full text]