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A New Genus and Three New Species of Decapodiform Cephalopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)

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A New Genus and Three New Species of Decapodiform Cephalopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2007) 17:353-365 DOI 10.1007/S11160-007-9044-Z .ORIGINAL PAPER A new genus and three new species of decapodiform cephalopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) R. E. Young • M. Vecchione • C. F, E, Roper Received: 10 February 2006 / Accepted: 19 December 2006 / Pubhshed online: 30 March 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract We describe here two new species of Introduction oegopsid squids. The first is an Asperoteuthis (Chiroteuthidae), and it is based on 18 specimens. We describe three new species of cephalopods This new species has sucker dentition and a from three different families in two different funnel-mantle locking apparatus that are unique orders that have little in common except they are within the genus. The second new species is a from unusual and poorly known groups. The Promachoteuthis (Promachoteuthidae), and is unique nature of these cephalopods has been based on a unique specimen. This new species known for over 30 years but they were not has tentacle ornamentation which is unique within described because (1) with two species we waited the genus. We also describe a new genus and a new for the collection of more or better material species of sepioid squid in the subfamily Hetero- which never materialized and (2) with one species teuthinae (Sepiolidae) and it is based on four the type material was misplaced, virtually forgot- specimens. This new genus and species exhibits ten and only recently rediscovered. The 2006 unique modifications of the arms in males. CIAC symposium was the stimulus to finally publish these species which should have been Keywords Amphorateuthis alveatus • published in the first CIAC symposium in 1985. Asperoteuthis mangoldae • Cephalopoda • These new species add to our understanding of Oegopsida • Promachoteuthis sulcus • Species three rather obscure groups: Asperoteuthis, the descriptions • Systematics Promachoteuthidae, and the Heteroteuthinae. Additional information on all three new species R. E. Young (El) described here can be found in the Cephalopoda Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA pages of the Tree of Life on the WWW (http:// e-mail: [email protected] tolweb.org/tree?group=Cephalopoda&contgroup= Mollusca). M. Vecchione Systematics Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA Materials and methods C. F. E. Roper Specimens were collected during three different Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, studies in three different oceans. Asperoteuthis Washington, DC, USA mangoldae was collected during a University of ä Springer 354 Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2007) 17:353-365 Hawaii program designed to sample the vertical Asperoteuthis mangoldae new species distribution of midwater cephalopods off leeward Oahu, Hawaii during the 1970s (Young 1978). Material examined: Eighteen specimens taken in Promachoteuthis sulcus was taken during exten- tows off leeward Oahu, Hawaii in the general sive midwater trawling from the R/V WALTHER region of 21°25'N, 158°20.5'W mostly during the HERWIG on cruises using large midwater trawls years 1969-1978 on a variety of University of that fished much of the full length of the Atlantic Hawaii vessels. The holotype (USNM 729749) is Ocean during 1971-1973. Amphorateuthis alvea- an immature male, 80 mm ML and the only tus was taken during bottom trawling from the R/ specimen with an intact tentacular club. The V ANTON BRUUN during the International paratype (SBMNH 369535) is a mature male. Indian Ocean Expedition of 1964. Specimens Type locality: The holotype was captured in an were fixed in formalin and preserved in 40-50% opening-closing midwater trawl at 21°17'N, isopropanol. Most specimens reported here are 158°22'W off leeward Oahu between 820 and deposited in the US National Museum of Natural 870 m during the day (14:11-16:16 h); 05 Novem- History (USNM), Washington, DC. Terminology ber 1972. The paratype (SBMNH 369535) was used is defined in the glossary of the cephalopod captured off leeward Oahu, Hawaii in the same pages of the Tree of Life. Unless otherwise region as the holotype in a midwater trawl at specified, measurements follow recommendations approximately 900 m in June 1996. of Roper and Voss (1983). Diagnosis•An Asperoteuthis with funnel-lock- ing apparatus with elongate, deep, curved groove. Integumental tubercles absent. Largest arm suck- Systematics ers with 9-10 separate, truncated teeth on distal half of inner ring. Club suckers with about 8 large, Family Chiroteuthidae Gray, 1849 well-separated, truncated teeth on distal half of inner ring grading to about 17 small, truncated Diagnosis•Arms with biserial suckers. Tentacu- teeth on proximal half. Terminal club photophore lar club usually with quadraserial suckers (suckers small, associated with long, slender terminal absent in Grimalditeuthis) but without proximal papilla. locking apparatus, keel or terminal pad. Buccal- Description•The ventral aspect of the whole crown connectives attach to ventral margins of animal is depicted in Figs. 1 and 2. Largest arm arms IV. Neck elongate. Doratopsis paralarva suckers with about nine to ten truncated teeth on (Young 1991). distal half of inner ring. Arm IV suckers much smaller than arm II suckers (Figs. 3, 4). Tentac- ular club suckers (Fig. 5) with about 8 large, Asperoteuthis Nesis, 1980 truncated teeth on distal half of inner ring that grade to about 17 small, truncated teeth on Diagnosis•Tentacular club with suckers on proximal half (Figs. 6, 7). Proximal protective distal half (proximal half bare). Arms long, membranes on club very broad, nearly circular; nearly subequal in length in large subadults. each supported with 24-25 weak trabeculae Funnel valve present. Funnel-locking apparatus (Figs. 8, 9). Distal protective membranes broad, morphology variable with either inverted Y- narrowly oval, each supported by 13 broad shaped groove defining weak tragus and strong trabeculae (Figs. 8, 9). Distal aboral club photo- antitragus or curved groove without antitragus. phore small, round; terminal papilla large, long, Olfactory organs well posterior to eyes. Photo- slender (Fig. 9). Additional very small photo- phores absent from viscera and arms IV. Large phores embedded on aboral surface of club, oval photophore patch on ventral surface of each about 13 on each side near bases of protective eyeball. Single, large aboral photophore on tip of membranes. Single, large, oval photophore occurs each tentacle. Luminescent pads on tentacle on ventral surface of each eye (Fig. 10). Visceral stalks. photophores absent. Integumental tubercles ^ Springer Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2007) 17:353-365 355 Figs. 1-^ (1) Ventral view of Asperoteuthis mangoldae, holotype, immature male, 80 mm ML, NMNH 729752. Drawing by A.D. Hart. (2) Ventral view of a small (80 mm ML) Asperoteuthis mangoldae, NMNH 729750, that was found in the same trawl as an elongate tail that presumably came from this specimen. Drawing is a composite of these two and the clubs from the holotype. Drawing by A.D. Hart. (3) Asperoteuthis mangoldae: Oral-proximal view of a large arm II sucker (sucker no. 10 from base), holotype, immature male, 80 mm ML. Scanning electron micrograph. (4) v_y Asperoteuthis mangoldae: Oral view of the same arm II sucker, holotype, immature male, 80 mm ML. Scanning electron micrograph absent. Funnel-locking apparatus with elongate, Standard measurements (in mm) are given in deep, curved groove on funnel component and Table 1. Additional measurements and sucker matching, well-developed curved ridge on mantle counts for the holotype are: mantle component; antitragus absent (Fig. 11). Funnel width•13 mm, head length•30 mm, head valve present. Combined fins nearly circular width•9 mm, largest sucker diameter•0.6, 0.6, (Fig. 1). Fin length 40% of ML; fin width 0.7, 0.6 mm for arms I-IV, respectively; number approximately equals fin length. Mantle and arm of suckers on proximal half of arm III•25, arm tissue gelatinous. Arms IV longest, but greater IV•24. size decreases with increased growth of squid. Etymology•The species name honors the Pigmentation from scattered chromatophores on memory of Katharina Mangold and her long body and buccal membrane. Upper and lower and productive career studying cephalopods, a beaks are illustrated in Figs. 12-14. portion of which was spent in Hawaii studying ä Springer 356 Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2007) 17:353-365 "*<^-. svt^">-^ M Figs. 5-11 (5) Asperoteuthis mangoldae: Proximal view of Drawing by A.D. Hart. (9) Asperoteuthis mangoldae: two tentacular club suckers showing long stalks, holotype, Aboral view of the tentacular club, holotype, immature immature male, 80 mm ML. Drawing by A.D. Hart. (6) male, 80 mm ML. Drawing by A.D. Hart. (10) Aspero- Asperoteuthis mangoldae: Oral-proximal view of a tentac- teuthis mangoldae: Ventral view of an eye, paratype, ular club sucker, holotype, immature male, 80 mm ML. mature male, 100 mm ML, showing the large ocular Scanning electron micrograph. (7) Asperoteuthis mangol- photophore, NMNH 729752. Drawing by A.D. Hart. (11) dae: Oral view of the same tentacular club sucker, Asperoteuthis mangoldae: Funnel {left) and mantle {right) holotype, immature male, 80 mm ML. Scanning electron components of the funnel-mantle locking apparatus, micrograph. (8) Asperoteuthis mangoldae: Oral view of the paratype, mature male, 100 mm ML, NMNH 729752. tentacular club, holotype, immature male, 80 mm ML. Drawing by A.D. Hart ^ Springer Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2007) 17:353-365 357 Figs. 12-14 (12) Asperoteuthis mangoldae: Upper beak, lateral view, 128 mm ML. (13) Asperoteuthis mangoldae: Lower beak, lateral view, 128 mm ML. (14) Asperoteuthis mangoldae: Lower beak, oblique frontal view, 128 mm ML squids taken at in the waters of the type locahty of which was known from the same region. He this species. thereby designated Asperoteuthis famélica as Comparisons with related species•Lu (1977) the correct name for Lu's species.
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