COMPENDIUM OF ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS, 2015 Published by Central Statistical Office, P. O. Box 31908, Lusaka, Zambia. Tel: 260-1-251377/253468 Fax: 260-1-253468 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.zamstats.gov.zm 04 April 2018 COPYRIGHT RESERVED Extracts may be published if sources are duly acknowledged. Country Status Report on Environment Statistics, 2014 PREAMBLE Zambia has been implementing the Regional Integration 2: Environmental Resources and their Use; (c) Component Capacity Building Project funded by the European Union 3: Residues; (d) Component 4: Extreme Events and with technical assistance from the Common Market Disasters; and (e) Component 6: Environmental for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). The Protection, Management and Engagement. The objective implementing partners for the project are the Ministry of developing the data templates was to guide the data of Commerce, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Lands producers in submitting the current statistics being Natural Resources and Environmental Protection as compiled.These statistics have to be comparable with the well as the Central Statistical Office. The timeframe for FDES statistics in other countries. the project is from August, 2015 to December, 2016. One of the major objectives of the project is to come up Independent experts and stakeholders who were not part with a Country Status Report on Environment Statistics of the data producers were invited to review and validate using the 2013 Framework for the Development of the data and associated statistics to provide an independent Environment Statistics (FDES). In this regard, COMESA opinion that would help shape the environment statistics Secretariat, the Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and framework that reflects Zambia’s circumstances. This Environmental Protection and Central Statistical Office process provided clear evidence that there is inadequate developed a Work Programme to arrive at the output. This coordination in the way environment statistics are involved identifying the major primary data producers in collected, compiled, analysed and disseminated in the the country and engaging an International Consultant country. Furthermore, the process revealed significant from Mauritius who provided the training on the data gaps which are compounded by inadequate experts Environmental Statistics Self-Assessment Tool (ESSAT) and finances in the production of environment statistics. of the FDES. This calls for more capacity building in the production of environment statistics at all levels which will inform The Consultant then developed data templates on policy and decision makers and will ultimately contribute five components of the Environmental Statistics Self- to sustainable management of environment and natural Assessment Tool (ESSAT) of the FDES which are covered resources leading to sustainable development. in this report. The five components are; (a) Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality; (b) Component ii COMPENDIUM OF ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS, 2015 Country Status Report on Environment Statistics, 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The development of the Country Status Report on all individuals and institutions who, in one way or the environment statistics could not have been a success other, played a role in helping complete this big task. without the priceless contribution of several individuals This includes all Government line ministries, Non- and institutions. The Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Governmental Organisations, Civil Society Organizations Industry, the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources and the Private Sector. and the Central Statistical Office (CSO) wish to thank COMPENDIUM OF ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS, 2015 iii Country Status Report on Environment Statistics, 2014 CONTENTS PREAMBLE ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS viii Chapter 1: BACKGROUND 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background Information to FDES 1 1.2 FDES in Zambia 2 1.3 Overall Objective of the FDES 2 1.4 The Scope of Environmental Statistics 3 1.5 The Importance of Environmental Statistics 3 Chapter 2: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND QUALITY 4 2.0 Introduction 4 2.1 Physical Conditions 4 2.1.1 Atmosphere, Climate and Weather 4 2.1.1.1 Temperature Information 4 2.1.1.2 Precipitation and Rainfall Patterns 8 2.1.2 Geographical Location 12 2.1.3 Local Climatic Conditions 13 2.1.4 Configuration, Geology and Soils 13 2.1.5 Average Temperature 20 2.1.6 The Drainage Systems 20 2.1.7 Freshwater Quality 22 2.1.8 Physical and Organoleptic Requirements 25 2.1.8.1 Turbidity 25 2.1.8.2 Total Dissolved Solids - TDS 25 2.1.8.3pH 25 2.1.9 Physical Chemical Requirements: Inorganic Macro- Determinants 25 2.1.9.1 Calcium 25 2.1.9.2 Hardness as CaCO3 in mg/l 26 2.1.9.3 Chlorine 26 2.1.9.7 Sodium 26 2.2 Land Cover, Ecosystem and Biodiversity 27 2.2.1 Land Cover 27 2.2.2 Ecosystem and Biodiversity 27 2.2.2.1 Gaps on Biodiversity 29 2.2.3 Forest Areas 30 2.2.4 The Protected Areas (PAS) 31 iv COMPENDIUM OF ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS, 2015 Country Status Report on Environment Statistics, 2014 Chapter 3: ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES AND THEIR USE 32 3.0 Introduction 32 3.1 Environmental Resources and their Use 32 3.1.1 Mineral Resources 32 3.1.2 Types of Mining Rights granted under the Mines and Minerals Development ACT of 2015 33 3.1.3 Data Collection and Production 33 3.1.4 Data Collection Method 33 3.1.5 Available Data and Gaps 33 3.1.6 Challenges 33 3.1.8 Location and Land Area of Mining Sites 34 3.1.7 Overview of Mining Sector in Zambia 34 3.1.9 Copper, Cobalt, Gold and Nickel Concen1trate Production from 2000 to 2015 35 3.1.9.1 Emerald Production 37 3.1.9.2 Limestone Production 38 3.1.9.4 Dolomite Production 40 3.1.9.5 Other Minerals 40 3.1.9.6 Conclusion and Recommendations 41 3.2.1 Energy Resources 41 3.2.1.1 Overview of Zambia’s Energy Sector 41 3.2.1.2 Wood Fuel (i.e., Firewood and Charcoal) 41 3.2.1.3 Coal Resources 42 3.2.1.4 Maamba Collieries 43 3.2.1.5 Electricity 44 3.2.1.6 Electricity Consumption by Sector 45 3.2.1.7 Petroleum 46 3.2.1.8 Renewable Energy Potential 48 3.2.1.9 Small Hydros 48 3.2.1.10 Biomass 48 3.2.1.11 Solar Energy 48 3.2.1.12 Geothermal 48 3.2.1.13 Wind Energy 48 3.3.1 Aquatic Resources 49 3.3.1.1 Fish Capture Production by Type of Fishery 49 3.3.1.1 Aquaculture Production 50 3.3.1.2 Number of Active Fishermen 51 3.3.1.3 Fisherman-Days, Catch and Catch per Fisherman-Day 52 3.3.1.4 Average Price of Fresh Fish and Fish Products 53 3.3.1.5 Import, Export and Trade Balance of Fish and Fish Products 54 3.3.1.6 Total Number and Type of Fishing Vessels 55 3.4.1 Crops and Livestock 57 3.4.1.1 Agriculture Production 57 3.4.1.2 Area Planted and Area Harvested for All Crops 57 COMPENDIUM OF ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS, 2015 v Country Status Report on Environment Statistics, 2014 3.4.1.3 Average Yields of Maize 58 3.4,1.4 Average Yields of Sorghum 58 3.4.1.5 Production Quantities 59 3.4.1.5.1 Maize Production 59 3.4.1.5.2 Sorghum Production 60 3.4.1.5.3 Area Planted to Maize 61 3.4.1.5.4 Area Planted to Sorghum 62 3.4.1.5.6 Livestock 62 3.5.1 Land 64 3.5.1.1 Land-Use Categories 64 3.5.1.2 Use of Forest Land 64 3.5.1.2.1 Deforestation and Reforestation 64 3.6.1 Water Resources 66 3.6.1.1 Renewable Freshwater Resources 66 3.6.1.2 Out flows 67 3.6.1.3 Inflows 68 3.6.1.4 Groundwater 69 3.6.1.5 Groundwater Monitoring 70 3.6.1.6 Freshwater Abstraction and Use 72 3.6.1.7 Freshwater Abstractions for Municipal Town Water Supplies 72 3.6.1.8 Water Supply Industries (ISIC 36) 75 Chapter 4: RESIDUALS 76 4.0 Introduction 76 4.1 Environmental Residuals 76 4.1.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 76 4.1.2 Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances 77 4.1.3 Gaps, further work and improvement 77 4.1.4 Generation and Management of Wastewater 77 4.1.4.1 Wastewater Generation and Treatment 77 4.1.4.2 Population Connected to Wastewater Treatment 78 Chapter 5: NATURAL EXTREME EVENTS AND DISASTERS 79 5.0 Introduction 79 5.1 Natural Extreme Events and Disasters 79 5.1.1 Occurrence of Natural Extreme Events and Disasters 79 5.1.3 Household Losses due to Extreme Events 80 5.1.2 Extreme Events and Disaster and Social Impact of Disasters 80 5.2 Impact of Natural Extreme Events and Disasters 81 vi COMPENDIUM OF ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS, 2015 Country Status Report on Environment Statistics, 2014 Chapter 6: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MANAGEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 82 6.0 Introduction 82 6.1 Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement 82 6.1.1 Government Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure 82 6.1.1.1 Gaps, further work and improvement 83 6.1.2 Environmental Governance and Regulation 83 6.1.4 Participation in MEAs and Environmental Conventions 84 Chapter 7: CONCLUSION AND LESSONS LEARNT 89 7.0 Conclusion 89 7.1 Lessons Learnt 89 7.1.1 Inadequate Coordination and Resource Mobilisation for Environmental Statistics 89 7.1.2 Inadequate Capacity 89 REFERENCES 90 ANNEXES 91 PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE REPORT 118 COMPENDIUM OF ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS, 2015 vii Country Status Report on Environment Statistics, 2014 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.2(a): Maximum and Minimum Monthly Temperature (Long - term 1971 - 2000), 1990 - 2006 5 Table 2.2(b): Maximum and Minimum Monthly Temperature (Long – term 1971 - 2000), 2007 – 2013 6 Table 2.1: Annual Rainfall, 1988 - 2012 8 Table 2.3 (a):Total Annual, Annual Averageand Mean Monthly Rainfall (Long - Term 1971 - 2000), 1992 - 1996 9 Table 2.3 (b): Total Annual, Annual Average and Mean Monthly Rainfall (Long – term 1971 - 2000), 2000- 2007 10 Table 2.3 (c): Total Annual, Annual Average and