Handbook for Legal Aid Providers 2017
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National programme for Republic of Serbia IPA 2013 financed by the European Union Promotion and protection of property rights of internally displaced persons, refugees and returnees upon readmission agreements Contract no. 48-00-133/2014-28 Legal Aid Handbook February 21, 2017 R. Dule Vićovac, Senior Key Legal Expert Editing, revision & assistance by: Sanja D. Mikić, Legal Trainee 1 This project is implemented by European Consulting Group in This project is funded by cooperation with Human Dynamics, IBC, and PDC Serbia. The European union Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 3 SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 4 PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF LEGAL AID .......................................................................................................... 5 ESTABLISHED LEVELS OF LEGAL AID ............................................................................................................................ 6 SECTION 2 - THE LEGAL AID PROCESS .............................................................................................................. 9 RECORDING INFORMATION FROM THE LEGAL AID APPLICANT ........................................................................................ 11 CRITERIA FOR PROVIDING LEGAL AID ......................................................................................................................... 14 APPROVAL/REJECTION OF CASES ............................................................................................................................. 17 SECTION 3 - METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 18 SECTION 4 - PROPERTY RELATED LEGAL CLAIMS AND ISSUES ........................................................................ 32 SECTION 5 – MAKING A COMPLAINT OF DISCRIMINATION FOR YOUR CLIENT ............................................... 41 SECTION 6 - MEDIATION ............................................................................................................................... 46 MEDIATION AND NEGOTIATION AS A TOOL FOR THE ADVOCATE ...................................................................................... 46 SECTION 7 - PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY & FILE MANAGEMENT ............................................................. 48 PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY............................................................................................................................... 48 “Bates Stamping” ........................................................................................................................................ 51 CLOSING THE CASE-FILE ......................................................................................................................................... 56 SECTION 8 - STATISTICS/REGISTERING CLIENTS CASES................................................................................... 59 SECTION 9 - SECURITY ISSUES AND TRAVEL IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA ....................................................... 66 SECTION 10 - A RIGHTS BASED APPROACH TO PROPERTY FOR IDPS .............................................................. 68 The Right to Private Property .................................................................................................................... 68 RESTITUTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 68 THE RIGHT TO ADEQUATE HOUSING ........................................................................................................................ 70 THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE NOT TO RETURN TO PLACE OF ORIGIN ........................................................................................ 72 COMPENSATION ................................................................................................................................................... 74 RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 77 HOUSING LAND AND PROPERTY RECORDS DOCUMENTATION ....................................................................................... 78 EXPROPRIATION AND OTHER INTERFERENCE OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S RIGHT TO PROPERTY ...................................................... 79 PRACTICAL ANNEXES .................................................................................................................................... 81 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................................. 82 CASE-LAW FROM THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS & HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE............................................. 92 IMPORTANT CONTACT INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................... 96 CONTACT NUMBERS OF LEGAL AID OFFICES ................................................................................................ 105 COURTS AND PROSECUTION SERVICES IN KOSOVO ..................................................................................................... 106 ANNEX - FORMS AND TEMPLATES .............................................................................................................. 108 GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT ................................................................................................... 122 PRINCIPLES ON HOUSING & PROPERTY RESTITUTION FOR REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS .......................................... 131 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CRP/K Civil Rights Program Kosovo CRP Commission for Real Property Claims EC European Commission EULEX European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo GOS Government of Serbia HPC Housing and Property Claims Commission HPD Housing and Property Directorate HRRP Human Rights Review Panel IDP Internally Displaced Person KiM Kosovo and Metohija KIRS Commissioner for Refugees of the Republic of Serbia KFOR Kosovo Force KPA Kosovo Property Agency KPCC Kosovo Property Claims Commission KTA Kosovo Trust Agency OKiM Office for Kosovo and Metohija NGO Non-Governmental Organization OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe SRSG Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees UNMIK UN Mission to Kosovo1 1 Kosovo* - This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence" 3 Section 1 - Introduction This updated version of the handbook continues to be practical guide to assist practitioners in the provision of legal aid to internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Kosovo and Metohija2. It does so by incorporating lessons learned from the experience of experts from previous legal aid and other existing programs that have been involved in property restitution, access to justice and similar problems affecting Kosovo IDPs. When this document is read online, the links underlined and in blue text can immediately be accessed by holding the Ctrl key and clicking on the link. The structure of this handbook has been drafted in accordance with local and international legislation and practical methods/best practices of providing assistance to these vulnerable groups living in displacement. This methodology is also encouraged in the Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons, (Pinhiero Principles)3. The UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (Guiding Principles)4 also state that the national authorities have the responsibility to provide protection and humanitarian assistance to displaced persons within their jurisdiction. The situation IDPs from Kosovo and Metohija IDPs is distinguishable from that of many other IDP issues referred to in the international Principles, in that here the State has limited legal authority and influence in the area where the IDP is originally from. However, in this case the State does have the ability to assist these IDPs in realizing their rights by cooperating, participating and even supporting legal aid projects like the present one, as has been the practice since the inception of the first legal aid project. The Pinheiro Principles directly addresses situations like the one in Kosovo and Metohija, where the UN exercises the effective powers of the State, and emphasizes that the UN transitional authority maintains primary responsibility to implement international human rights law, as described in the Principles.5 The major difference in this in this handbook, compared to most others, is the special attention given to the actual provision of legal aid through representation of IDPs before courts, administrative bodies and other institutions in Kosovo and Metohija, which differentiates the legal aid being provided under this project to IDPs from other legal aid offered in Serbia to this group. The current situation in relation to property rights for IDPs from Kosovo The Internal Displacement Monitoring Center has reported that “around 209,000 registered IDPs in Serbia as of the end of