DC Microgrid systems and it is applications for Off-Grid Remote Regions – Case Study: Chiang Mai World Green City

Worajit Setthapun Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand

APEC Off Grid Electrification Option for Remote Regions in APEC Economies September 10, 2018 Chiang Mai Thailand

Asian Development College for Community Economy and Technology ad i CET Chiang Mai Rajabhat University adiCET Chiang Mai World Green City at CMRU adiCET adiCET, CMRU

. Established in 2010 . Academic – R&D – Training institution for the well-being of the community by using green technologies. . adiCET campus is on Chiang Mai World Green City (CMGC). . Build from 60 research and academic service projects . Smart Community – Model Community uses 100% . adiCET adiCET Mission

Living Laboratory Chiang Mai - Green Community

• Real-living community park World Green City • Learning center for people to experience the sustainable way of living • Source of Inspiration - bring ideas back and implement

Academic Academics Research Services

Interdisciplinary Programs Appropriate Green Technology Training & Community Research Development • MS, PhD – Community Energy and • Appropriate Technology Research • Renewable Energy and Energy Environment • Interdisciplinary Research: Science- Efficiency Training • Internships Social Science • Community Energy Planning • Renewable Energy • Community Development through • Cooperative Studies • Community Smart Grid sustainable projects • Student exchange • Smart Farm • Short Course Training • Community Energy Management • Train Community Leaders • Biomass Waste management • Train Youth/ Vocational Students • Green Community Business Community Community Product DC Home Business

Community Green Resort Restaurant PV Stand Alone DC Microgrid

Recycle Road Household Generator Community Power Training Center Exhibition Center Solar Pumping Energy Efficient Building

AC Microgrid Biogas Low Carbon Agriculture Biomass Smart Water System Gasifier Natural Material Building PV Grid Connected Community Solar Farms Energy Crop

Hydroponics

Wood chip Fertilizer Organic wastes Wood pellet • Smart Community Microgrid • Zero Waste - Bioenergy Cycle • Smart Community Development ~ 60 R&D / Training/ Consultant Projects

adiCET Chiang Mai World Green City: Real Living Learning Park Smart Community: Sustainable Community via integration of Goal Renewable Energy & Green Technology with Smart Grid Infrastructure adiCET “Flagship Project 1: Smart Community Microgrid”

Phase 1: Building Microgrid  Phase 2: Monitoring  Phase 3: Data Analysis & Integration  Phase 4: Control  Phase 5: Optimize adiCET adiCET Smart Community Microgrid Component

Renewable Energy Smart Grid • PV • DC Microgrid Technology • Biodiesel • AC Microgrid • Biogas • AC/DC Grid • Biomass

Smart Load Smart Operation Smart Control • Smart Home Center • Demand Response IT • Smart Farm • Universal Monitoring • Machine Learning • Smart Office System • App Development • EV & Charging • Database/Data center • IOT/Analysis

Smart Consumer Smart Community • Living Integration Community • Training • Energy • Operation • Food • Maintenance • Water • Waste adiCET “Flagship Project 2: Zero Waste – BioEnergy Cycle”

Electricity Biomass Power Plant

Smart Home Wood pellet & RDF Biogas

Smart Farm & Hydroponic

Energy Crop Liquid Manure

Biogas Electricity Food Waste Power Plant Evening Peak 10 kW Biogrid Crop Residue

Wood Waste Generation Profile Biomass Gasification Yard Waste Power Plant Base Load – Crop Residue 20 kW batch (daytime) Mobile unit

Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Power Plant Plant Oil Base Load – 10 kW continuous (night time) Waste Paper Biodiesel Biomass Biogas Biodiesel Bioethanol Power Plant Bioethanol Crop Residue Peak load 5 kW Self-Sustaining Community in Remote Area

ENERGY WATER Energy

Economy Environ- ment

Food Home

FOOD adiCET “Flagship Project 3: Smart Community”

Electricity Energy Biochar Heat Charcoal Water AC&DC PV- Diesel Biogas Biomass/Vegetables Charcoal Microgrid generator Compost/ Charcoal/Biochar Small Biomass Waste Microgrid Branches Building Household Wastes Biochar Money Homes Office Farm Food

Underground Restaurant Electricity Water Well Bill Coffee Shop Biochar to restore soil Composting Community Mini-mart Leaves Income Forest

Sell Recycling Environment Economics recycles

2017, 2018 Approved Project for Energy Conservation Fund, Ministry of Energy, Thailand adiCET Smart Community Database

Environmental Food Recycle waste (kg) Vegetable production (Kg) Organic waste (kg) Using fertilizer (Kg) Hazardous waste (kg) Another material in cultivation (Kg) The frequency of dumping waste (time) Consumption and sale of vegetable (Kg) Date/time Date/Time

Energy Economic Production (kwh) Expenses (Baht) Consumption (kw) Income (Baht) Raw material of biogas and charcoal production (kg) Date/Time Biogas and charcoal yield/consumption (kg) Fuel consumption in transportation (L) Date/time

Building Indoor/Outdoor temperature (°C) and humidity (%) Outdoor solar intensity (W/m2) and wind velocity (m/s) Water consumption (L) / Water flow rate average (L/min) and quality (Nephelometric Turbidity Units, pH, Coliform, BOD) Particulate in the air (PM) The frequency of using water (Time) Date/Time Main Database

“Analyze Community Context  Balanced Community” LIVING LABORATORY - FOR GREEN COMMUNITY

We live here… adiCET

Reuse material house We live here… We study here… Community Business

Community Convenient Store As the same in the City We learn here… Community Kitchen

CET adi Dr. N. Tantranont Community Biogas

K. Chuamuangpan – Intern T. Takam – Intern T. Seethong – Intern C. Kongudomsap – Researcher adiCET Smart Farm: On-ground adiCET Smart Farm - Hydroponics adiCET 702 kW - Grid Connected adiCET 3.5 kW Rooftop Grid Connected adiCET 700 kW PV Training Center adiCET Reduce Electricity Bill for University DC MICROGRID- FOR GREEN COMMUNITY

adiCET adiCET 25 kW DC Off-Grid & 25 kW AC Grid Connected adiCET Smart Community Microgrid

Biomass Gasifier AC PV System

Biodiesel Generator Biogas DC PV System Home Smart Farm Home Home Home

Home Home

Restaurant Load: 1 office Minimart 1 minimart, 1 restaurant Office 1 coffee shop 1 farm Coffee Shop 6 houses adiCET Diesel Generator 40 kW: Back up power adiCET Energy Storage for Community Grid

Off-grid: PV DC Microgrid Battery Bank (~100 kWh) Backup power/ Power Control and Stability

On-grid: PV AC Microgrid Battery Bank (~100 kWh) Backup power/ Power Control and Stability adiCET Solar Stop EV Charging Station

T. Jaorum - Intern W. Luangpraditkul - Researcher adiCET Scope of DC Community

. Living Laboratory for community transition from AC  AC/DC  DC Community

. Evaluate Low Cost - Low Voltage DC Community Power System at the Smart Community . Phase 1: Lightings 24 VDC/ 1 House 240 VDC . Phase 2: Household Appliances 260-297 VDC

. Modify/Testing Household Appliances for DC & AC usage . Lighting, Refrigerator, Air Conditioner, Water Heater, Television, Computer, Rice Cooker, Microwave, Washing Machine

. Evaluate appliances during operation, stability and safety . Full DC . Full AC . Mixed DC & AC adiCET Power Supply Controller

Central Battery Bank – DC AC – Utility AC Microgrid

Battery Load

DC – AC Alarm Switch

adiCET Phase 1: Building Input Voltage adiCET Phase 1: Voltage Output from Converter Phase 1: Input Voltage vs adiCET Load Power of 240 VDC house nd adiCET 2 Phase DC Microgrid

Central Batter